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Drioiche A, Ailli A, Remok F, Saidi S, Gourich AA, Asbabou A, Kamaly OA, Saleh A, Bouhrim M, Tarik R, Kchibale A, Zair T. Analysis of the Chemical Composition and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anticoagulant, and Antidiabetic Properties of Pistacia lentiscus from Boulemane as a Natural Nutraceutical Preservative. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2372. [PMID: 37760813 PMCID: PMC10525226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus L. has traditionally been employed as a diuretic and stimulant in the treatment of hypertension. Our interest centered on analyzing the chemical profile of the plant's leaves and its in vitro, in vivo, and in silico antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic effects in order to valorize this species and prepare new high-value products that can be used in the agro-food and pharmaceutical industries. When this species' essential oil was hydrodistilled and subjected to GC-MS analysis, the results showed that the principal components were germacrene D (17.54%), spathulenol (17.38%), bicyclogermacrene (12.52%), and terpinen-4-ol (9.95%). The extraction of phenolic compounds was carried out by decoction and Soxhlet. The determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins of aqueous and organic extracts by spectrophotometric methods demonstrated the richness of this species in phenolic compounds. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC/UV-ESI-MS of the aqueous extract of P. lentiscus revealed the presence of 3,5-di-O-galloyl quinic acid, gallic acid, and 3,4,5-tri-O-galloyl quinic acid specific to this species. The study of antioxidant activity by three methods (DPPH, FRAP, and Total Antioxidant Capacity) revealed that P. lentiscus is a very promising source of natural antioxidants. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and aqueous extract (E0) was studied by microdilution on the microplate. The results revealed the effectiveness of the aqueous extract compared to the essential oil against Gram-negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, P. fluorescence, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., and Y. enterolitica) and candidoses (C. krusei and C. albicans). The measurements of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of the aqueous extract (E0) can significantly prolong these tests from concentrations of 2.875 and 5.750 mg/mL, respectively. The antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous extract (E0) showed a strong in vitro inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared to acarbose. Thus, it significantly inhibited postprandial hyperglycemia in Wistar albino rats. The in-silico study of the major compounds of the essential oil and extract (E0) carried out using PASS, SwissADME, pkCSM, and molecular docking tools confirmed our in vitro and in vivo results. The studied compounds showed a strong ability to be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and to passively diffuse through the blood-brain barrier, a similarity to drugs, and water solubility. Molecular docking experiments deduced the probable mode of action of the identified compounds on their respective target proteins, such as NADPH oxidase, thrombin, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Furthermore, given the demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic effects, we can affirm the richness of P. lentiscus in bioactive molecules and its use in traditional medicine as a source of preservative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Drioiche
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (A.A.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.A.); (R.T.); (A.K.)
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Mohamed V. Hospital, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Atika Ailli
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (A.A.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.A.); (R.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Firdaous Remok
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (A.A.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.A.); (R.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Soukaina Saidi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (A.A.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.A.); (R.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Aman Allah Gourich
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (A.A.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.A.); (R.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Ayoub Asbabou
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (A.A.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.A.); (R.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Omkulthom Al Kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Team of Functional and Pathological Biology, Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Beni Mellal, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco;
| | - Redouane Tarik
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (A.A.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.A.); (R.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Amale Kchibale
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (A.A.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.A.); (R.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Touriya Zair
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (A.A.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.A.); (R.T.); (A.K.)
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Drioiche A, Ailli A, Handaq N, Remok F, Elouardi M, Elouadni H, Al Kamaly O, Saleh A, Bouhrim M, Elazzouzi H, El Makhoukhi F, Zair T. Identification of Compounds of Crocus sativus by GC-MS and HPLC/UV-ESI-MS and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anticoagulant, and Antidiabetic Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040545. [PMID: 37111302 PMCID: PMC10144431 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to valorize the species Crocus sativus from Morocco and to prepare new products with high added value that can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry, our interest was focused on the phytochemical characterization and the biological and pharmacological properties of the stigmas of this plant. For this purpose, the essential oil of this species, extracted by hydrodistillation and then analyzed by GC-MS, revealed a predominance of phorone (12.90%); (R)-(-)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol (11.65%); isopropyl palmitate (9.68%); dihydro-β-ionone (8.62%); safranal (6.39%); trans-β-ionone (4.81%); 4-keto-isophorone (4.72%); and 1-eicosanol (4.55%) as the major compounds. The extraction of phenolic compounds was performed by decoction and Soxhlet extraction. The results of the determination of flavonoids, total polyphenols, condensed tannins, and hydrolyzable tannins determined by spectrophotometric methods on aqueous and organic extracts have proved the richness of Crocus sativus in phenolic compounds. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC/UV-ESI-MS of Crocus sativus extracts revealed the presence of crocin, picrocrocin, crocetin, and safranal molecules specific to this species. The study of antioxidant activity by three methods (DPPH, FRAP, and total antioxidant capacity) has proved that C. sativus is a potential source of natural antioxidants. Antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract (E0) was investigated by microdilution on a microplate. The results have revealed the efficacy of the aqueous extract against Acinetobacter baumannii and Shigella sp. with MIC ≤ 600 µg/mL and against Aspergillus niger, Candida kyfer, and Candida parapsilosis with MIC = 2500 µg/mL. Measurements of pro-thrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in citrated plasma obtained from routine healthy blood donors were used to determine the anticoagulant activity of aqueous extract (E0). The anticoagulant activity of the extract (E0) studied showed that this extract can significantly prolong the partial thromboplastin time (p < 0.001) with a 359 µg/mL concentration. The antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous extract was studied in albino Wistar rats. The aqueous extract (E0) showed strong in vitro inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared with acarbose. Thus, it very significantly inhibited postprandial hyperglycemia in albino Wistar rats. According to the demonstrated results, we can affirm the richness of Crocus sativus stigmas in bioactive molecules and its use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Drioiche
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Mohamed V. Hospital, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Atika Ailli
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Nadia Handaq
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
- Research Team of Enhancement and Protection of Plants, Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Sustainable Development, Higher Normal School, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Firdaous Remok
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Elouardi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Hajar Elouadni
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Omkulthom Al Kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Functional and Pathological Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Beni Mellal, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Hanane Elazzouzi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Fadoua El Makhoukhi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Touriya Zair
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
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Fatima K, Luqman S, Meena A. Carvacrol Arrests the Proliferation of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing Ornithine Decarboxylase and Hyaluronidase Activities. Front Nutr 2022; 9:857256. [PMID: 35464036 PMCID: PMC9028219 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.857256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol, a monoterpene known for its pharmacological activities, is present in the essential oil of Origanum majorana, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, and Lippia graveolens. It is used in food as a flavoring and preservative agent in cosmetics and medicines because of its useful bioactivities in clinical practice. However, carvacrol was not much explored for its anticancer potential. Targeting enzymes involved in carcinogenesis, such as ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5), and hyaluronidase (HYAL) by monoterpenes are amongst the efficient approaches for cancer prevention and treatment. In this study, the efficacy of carvacrol was investigated against deregulated cancer biomarkers/targets in organ-specific human cancer cell lines (FaDu, K562, and A549) utilizing in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches. The efficacy of carvacrol was evaluated on human cancer cell lines using neutral red uptake (NRU), sulpho rhodamine B (SRB), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The mechanistic study was carried out in cell-based test systems. Further, the potency of carvacrol was confirmed by the quantitative real-time PCR analysis and molecular docking studies. The in vivo anti-tumor potential of carvacrol was performed on mice S-180 model, and the toxicity examination was accomplished through in silico approach. Carvacrol significantly impeded the growth of FaDu, K562, and A549 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 9.61 ± 0.05 to 81.32 ± 11.83 μM. Further, the efficacy of carvacrol was explored against different cancer targets in FaDu, K562, and A549 cell lines. Carvacrol inhibits the ODC, COX-2, LOX-5, and HYAL activities in FaDu cell line and ODC, COX-2, and HYAL activities in K562 cell line. The results were validated by expression analysis revealing the downregulation of the targeted gene with a significant change in the transcript level of ODC and HYAL in FaDu cell line with a fold change of 1.56 and 1.61, respectively. A non-significant effect of carvacrol was observed on the downstream signaling pathway of PI3K and HIF-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in FaDu cells. The cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) experiments demonstrate that carvacrol induces apoptosis of FaDu cells. Further, the potency of carvacrol was also evaluated in vivo on mice S-180 tumor model, wherein it inhibits tumor growth (72%) at 75 mg/kg body weight (bw). ADMET studies predicted carvacrol as a safe molecule. Overall, carvacrol delayed the growth of FaDu, K562, and A549 cell lines by targeting enzymes involved in the carcinogenesis process. The existence of one hydroxyl group at the para position of carvacrol could be responsible for the anti-proliferative activity. Thus, carvacrol could be used as a pharmacophore to develop a safe and effective multi-targeted anti-cancer medicament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaneez Fatima
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: Suaib Luqman
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Aimad A, Youness EA, Sanae R, El Moussaoui A, Bourhia M, Salamatullah AM, Alzahrani A, Alyahya HK, A. Albadr N, Nafidi HA, Ouahmane L, Mohamed F. Chemical Composition and Antifungal, Insecticidal and Repellent Activity of Essential Oils From Origanum compactum Benth. Used in the Mediterranean Diet. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:798259. [PMID: 35371154 PMCID: PMC8964369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.798259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) of Origanum compactum Benth. (O. compactum) are well known for their biological and pharmacological activities. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition, antifungal, insecticidal and repellent activities of EO of O. compactum used in the Mediterranean diet. Phytochemical screening was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antifungal activity was tested by the disc diffusion method followed by a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay against Candida albicans (C. albicans), Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus), Aspergillus niger (A. nige), and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). Repellent potential and toxicity of EO by contact and inhalation were tested against Callosobruchus maculatus (C. maculatus). The yield of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of O. compactum was 4.41 ± 0.35%, mainly composed of Carvacrol (38%) and Thymol (31.46%). Regarding antifungal activity, the results revealed a wide antifungal spectrum of the studied EO against the tested strains, which reached 100% growth inhibition, especially against A. niger and C. albicans even at the lowest MIC values (3.125 μg/mL). Concerning insecticidal activity, the EO caused total mortality of C. maculatus adults at a dose of 20 μL/L air with LC50 value of 5.3 μL/L air. A significant reduction in the number of eggs and emergence was proportionally recorded with increasing doses up to 100% at 20 μL/L air. For repellent activity, the studied EO showed a moderate repellent activity with an average percentage of 39.16%. The outcome of this work revealed that O. Compactum EO could be a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative bioinsecticide and bio-fungicide to replace the chemically synthesized forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allali Aimad
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal, and Agro-industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - El Abdali Youness
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco
| | - Rezouki Sanae
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal, and Agro-industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Abdelfattah El Moussaoui
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agro-Sciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Khalil Alyahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A. Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lahcen Ouahmane
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agro-Sciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Fadli Mohamed
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal, and Agro-industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
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Gholami‐Ahangaran M, Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi A, Azizi S, Basiratpour A, Zokaei M, Derakhshan M. Thymol and carvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:267-288. [PMID: 34761555 PMCID: PMC8788968 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymol and carvacrol as natural essential oils and phenol compounds are components derived from some medicinal plants, such as thyme and oregano species. OBJECTIVES The increasing demands in organic and healthy meat and egg consumption in human society have made it necessary to consider alternative natural compounds for the replacement of chemical compounds in poultry production. The chemical compounds can remain in meat and eggs and cause complications in human health. Therefore, these natural compounds can be fed with a higher safety in poultry production with specific effects. In this regard, the role of thymol and carvacrol as natural compounds in the poultry production has been discussed in the review. METHODS In this study, by searching for keywords related to thymol and carvacrol in poultry production in Google Scholar database, the articles related to different aspects of the biological effects of these two phytogenes in poultry production were selected and analyzed. RESULTS A review of previous studies has shown that thymol and carvacrol possess a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, modulating of immunity response and regulating of the gut microbial population. Also, in meat type chickens can promote growth and influence feed utilization. The beneficial effect of this compound was evaluated in hepatic toxicity and demonstrated as a hepatoprotective compound in chickens. Furthermore, these compounds can affect the behavior of layers and influence egg composition, eggshell thickness, and the sensory quality of eggs. CONCLUSION It seems that with the increasing demand for healthy protein products, these compounds can be used to improve performance as a substitute alternative for chemical compounds in healthy poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Gholami‐Ahangaran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Asiye Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ardestan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityArdestanIran
| | - Shahrzad Azizi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanIran
| | - Asal Basiratpour
- Graduated of Basic Sciences FacultyPayame Noor UniversityIsfahan BranchIsfahanIran
| | - Maryam Zokaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoud Derakhshan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shoushtar BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShoushtarIran
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Ouedrhiri W, Mechchate H, Moja S, Mothana RA, Noman OM, Grafov A, Greche H. Boosted Antioxidant Effect Using a Combinatory Approach with Essential Oils from Origanum compactum, Origanum majorana, Thymus serpyllum, Mentha spicata, Myrtus communis, and Artemisia herba-alba: Mixture Design Optimization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122817. [PMID: 34961288 PMCID: PMC8704227 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the possible synergistic effect as an effective strategy to boost the bioactivity of essential oils. Using this framework, this study was conducted to effectively establish the ideal combination of six essential oils from different plants (Origanum compactum, Origanum majorana, Thymus serpyllum, Mentha spicata, Myrtus communis, and Artemisia herba-alba) that would express the best antioxidant activity. Each mixture was optimized using a mixture design approach to generate the most effective blend. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method was used as a reference method to assess the antioxidant activity. Each essential oil's composition was identified using the GC/MS method. The single essential oil activities demonstrated variable antioxidant effects, and following the mixture design approach, the optimal antioxidant blend was revealed, as two mixtures demonstrated the best antiradical activity with 79.46% obtained with the mixture of O. majorana (28%) and M. spicata (71%) and 78.8% obtained with the mixture O. compactum (64%), O. majorana (13%), and T. serpyllum (21%). This study proposes a practical way to elaborate mixtures in the search for a boosting effect that can be oriented for the food or pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessal Ouedrhiri
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: (W.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: (W.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Sandrine Moja
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, BVpam, FRE3727, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Hassane Greche
- National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Taounate BP 159, Morocco;
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Pitchakarn P, Inthachat W, Karinchai J, Temviriyanukul P. Human Hazard Assessment Using Drosophila Wing Spot Test as an Alternative In Vivo Model for Genotoxicity Testing-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9932. [PMID: 34576092 PMCID: PMC8472225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability, one of cancer's hallmarks, is induced by genotoxins from endogenous and exogenous sources, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), diet, and environmental pollutants. A sensitive in vivo genotoxicity test is required for the identification of human hazards to reduce the potential health risk. The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) or wing spot test is a genotoxicity assay involving Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) as a classical, alternative human model. This review describes the principle of the SMART assay in conjunction with its advantages and disadvantages and discusses applications of the assay covering all segments of health-related industries, including food, dietary supplements, drug industries, pesticides, and herbicides, as well as nanoparticles. Chemopreventive strategies are outlined as a global health trend for the anti-genotoxicity of interesting herbal extract compounds determined by SMART assay. The successful application of Drosophila for high-throughput screening of mutagens is also discussed as a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Jirarat Karinchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
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Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants Used in the Northeastern Part of Morocco. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6002949. [PMID: 34512779 PMCID: PMC8426073 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the plants that are used may provide insight on their properties for further exploration. This study aimed to identify and collect data about medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by the population of the provincial region of Taza, Morocco. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among 200 informants, competent villagers, herbalists, and traditional healers from the provincial region of Taza city through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. The survey reported 55 plant species belonging to 28 families used in the folk medicine. Informants' results showed that the most frequently used plants were Origanum compactum, Mentha pulegium, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Aloysia citrodora, Calamintha officinalis Moench, and Artemisia herba-alba Asso., with a relative frequency of citation of 76%, 72%, 60%, 42%, 40%, and 30%, respectively. Moreover, in this study, the Lamiaceae family was the most commonly reported plant family, and the leaves were the most frequently used parts of the plants; otherwise, decoction and infusion were the most used modes in the preparation of remedies from medicinal plants in the traditional medicine. The sociodemographic characteristics showed that women use medicinal plants slightly more than men, the illiterate people use the medicinal plant the most, and old people have more information about the medicinal plants than the new generations. The region of Taza of Morocco has an important floristic biodiversity of medicinal plants which are used in traditional medicine practice. This result provides a good database for pharmacological screening in the search for new plants that can contain new bioactive molecules that can be used as a bioactive ingredient of medicament or as a biological alternative in pharmacology.
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Garg A, Ahmad J, Hassan MZ. Inclusion complex of thymol and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in polymeric hydrogel for topical application: Physicochemical characterization, molecular docking, and stability evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Alves Eloy M, Ribeiro R, Martins Meireles L, Antonio de Sousa Cutrim T, Santana Francisco C, Lirian Javarini C, Borges WDS, Costa AV, Queiroz VTD, Scherer R, Lacerda V, Alves Bezerra Morais P. Thymol as an Interesting Building Block for Promising Fungicides against Fusarium solani. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6958-6967. [PMID: 34152748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The semisynthesis of 15 new thymol derivatives was achieved through Williamson synthesis and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) approaches. The reaction of CuAAC using the "Click Chemistry" strategy, in the presence of an alkynyl thymol derivative and commercial or prepared azides, provided nine thymol derivatives under microwave irradiation. This procedure reduces reaction time and cost. All molecular entities were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and HRMS data. These derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their fungicidal activity against Fusarium solani sp. Among the nine triazolic thymol derivatives obtained, seven of them were found to have moderated antifungal activity. In contrast, naphthoquinone/thymol hybrid ether 2b displayed activity comparable with that of the commercial fungicide thiabendazole. The structure-activity relationship for the most active compound 2b was discussed, and the mode of action was predicted by a possible binding to the fungic ergosterol and interference of osmotic balance of K+ into the extracellular medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves Eloy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroquímica, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroquímica, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leandra Martins Meireles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, 29103-900, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Antonio de Sousa Cutrim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, 29103-900, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Carla Santana Francisco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Clara Lirian Javarini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Warley de Souza Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Adilson Vidal Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroquímica, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Vagner Tebaldi de Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroquímica, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, 29103-900, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Bezerra Morais
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroquímica, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, Espirito Santo, Brazil
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A Regioselective Synthesis of Novel Functionalized Organochalcogen Compounds by Chalcogenocyclofunctionalization Reactions Based on Chalcogen Halides and Natural Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123729. [PMID: 34207301 PMCID: PMC8234429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective synthesis of novel functionalized condensed organochalcogen compounds by chalcogenocyclofunctionalization reactions based on chalcogen halides and the natural products thymol and carvacrol has been developed. The reactions of selenium dibromide with allyl thymol and allyl carvacrol proceeded in methylene chloride at room temperature in the presence of NaHCO3 affording bis[(7-isopropyl-4-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl] and bis[(4-isopropyl-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl] selenides in 90–92% yield. Similar sulfides were obtained in 70–72% yields by the reaction of sulfur dichloride in chloroform under reflux. Trihalotellanes containing the same organic moieties were synthesized from allyl thymol, allyl carvacrol and tellurium tetrachloride or tetrabromide in quantitative yields. Corresponding functionalized ditellurides were prepared in 91–92% yields by the reduction of the trichlorotellanes with sodium metabisulfite in two-phase solvent system. The comparison of reactivity of sulfur, selenium and tellurium halides in chalcogenocyclofunctionalization and distinguishing features of each reaction were discussed.
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Fakchich J, Elachouri M. An overview on ethnobotanico-pharmacological studies carried out in Morocco, from 1991 to 2015: Systematic review (part 1). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113200. [PMID: 32750461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The full bibliometric records of data retrieved from ethnobotanical field studies carried out in Morocco (1991-2015) was quali-quantitatively analysed. Despite the importance of traditional medicinal uses in Morocco, any comments about the methodologies and approaches adopted by reviewed studies have been undertaken. Include more data about the importance of traditional medicinal uses in Morocco. AIM OF THE STUDY Three key points were targeted in this review: (i) to contribute to original compilation of medicinal plants traditionally used by people at whole Morocco, by gathering and documenting the current status of these ancestral medical practices, (ii) to provide a novel insight into the relationship between local and biomedical disease concepts in Moroccan society, taking into account health-related beliefs, and their influences on medicinal plant uses, (iii) to figurout the weaknesses and the strengths of the conceptual approches and methods adopted by researchers in ethnobotanical field works. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the help of a computerized database querying, we conducted an extensive literature search respecting our integration criteria. We performed this bibliographic research by using the following search engines available over the Web: Google Scholar, PUBMED, Sciencedirect, Current Content Connect, SCOPUS, SPRINGER LINK, GLOBAL PLANTS, Cochrane Library and SCIRUS. The scientific names listed in the present paper have been validated according to the "The Plant List" and the African Plants Database in order to standardize ethnobotanical data on an international level. For the analysis of data gathered, quali-quantitative analyses have been performed. RESULTS A total of 905 medicinal plant species belonging to 116 families and 726 genera have been selected from 63 published articles. The dominant families were ASTERACEAE (111 species) followed by the FABACEAE (77 species), LAMIACEAE (75 species) and APIACEAE (46 species). The plant species listed are used to cure several public ailments. The digestive ailments represented the most important category (494 species) followed by dermatological diseases (407 species), diabetes (315 species) and urinary diseases (277 species). We assigned the importance of the plant species by several measures (including Frequency Cited (FC), Number of Uses (NU), Number of Respondents (NR) and Index of Performance (IP). The ICF (Informant Consensus Factor) calculated was important in all categories of diseases averaging 47%. CONCLUSION The results obtained, which cover the whole country, delineate the profile of rich wealth of indigenous knowledge on traditional uses of medicinal plants heald by Moroccan society. The total number of 905 plant species listed in this paper, are currently being utilized as medicines and the number is expected to grow as infrastructure allows greater access to unexplored parts of the country. Furthermore, the know how, regarding the plants used, is consistent because the ICF has recorded important values for most diseases treated. Furthermore, in the present paper, we suggested, for authors, some useful recommendations for ethnobotanical field works such as the respect of ethnobotanical standards including checklist of plants with international data base, the deposited voucher specimens, sampling and collection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Fakchich
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics, and Ethnopharmacology, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mostafa Elachouri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics, and Ethnopharmacology, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
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Sikorska-Zimny K, Lisiecki P, Gonciarz W, Szemraj M, Ambroziak M, Suska O, Turkot O, Stanowska M, Rutkowski KP, Chmiela M, Mielicki W. Influence of Agronomic Practice on Total Phenols, Carotenoids, Chlorophylls Content, and Biological Activities in Dry Herbs Water Macerates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041047. [PMID: 33671275 PMCID: PMC7923153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) have long been known for their organoleptic properties. Both plants are widely used in cuisine worldwide in fresh and dried form and as a pharmaceutical raw material. The study aimed to assess if the type of cultivation influenced chosen chemical parameters (total polyphenols by Folin-Ciocalteu method; carotenoids and chlorophyll content by Lichtenthaler method), antimicrobial activity (with chosen reference microbial strains) and shaped cytotoxicity (with L929 mouse fibroblasts cell line) in water macerates of dry oregano and thyme. Polyphenols content and antimicrobial activity were higher in water macerates obtained from conventional cultivation (independently from herb species), unlike the pigments in a higher amount in macerates from organic herbs cultivation. Among all tested macerates stronger antimicrobial properties (effective in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis) and higher cytotoxicity (abilities to diminish the growth of L929 fibroblasts cytotoxicity) characterized the conventionally cultivated thyme macerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Sikorska-Zimny
- Skierniewice, Fruit and Vegetables Storage and Processing Department, Division of Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Postharvest Physiology, Research Institute of Horticulture, Pomologiczna 13a Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland;
- Stefan Batory State University, Batorego 64c Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (P.L.); (M.A.); (O.S.); (O.T.); (M.S.); (W.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-53-4800-418
| | - Paweł Lisiecki
- Stefan Batory State University, Batorego 64c Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (P.L.); (M.A.); (O.S.); (O.T.); (M.S.); (W.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, The Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 137 Street, 90-235 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, The University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16 Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (W.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Szemraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, The Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 137 Street, 90-235 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maja Ambroziak
- Stefan Batory State University, Batorego 64c Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (P.L.); (M.A.); (O.S.); (O.T.); (M.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Olga Suska
- Stefan Batory State University, Batorego 64c Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (P.L.); (M.A.); (O.S.); (O.T.); (M.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Oliwia Turkot
- Stefan Batory State University, Batorego 64c Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (P.L.); (M.A.); (O.S.); (O.T.); (M.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Stanowska
- Stefan Batory State University, Batorego 64c Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (P.L.); (M.A.); (O.S.); (O.T.); (M.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Krzysztof P. Rutkowski
- Skierniewice, Fruit and Vegetables Storage and Processing Department, Division of Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Postharvest Physiology, Research Institute of Horticulture, Pomologiczna 13a Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, The University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16 Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (W.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Wojciech Mielicki
- Stefan Batory State University, Batorego 64c Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (P.L.); (M.A.); (O.S.); (O.T.); (M.S.); (W.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, The Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Napoli E, Giovino A, Carrubba A, How Yuen Siong V, Rinoldo C, Nina O, Ruberto G. Variations of Essential Oil Constituents in Oregano ( Origanum vulgare subsp. viridulum (= O. heracleoticum) over Cultivation Cycles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1174. [PMID: 32927767 PMCID: PMC7570328 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oregano is-probably-the most appreciated and widespread aromatic plant in Sicily. With the aim of evaluating the modifications of oregano's essential oil composition over time, between 2013 and 2015 six weekly samplings of three different oregano plantations were carried out, from the beginning of flowering (early May) until the traditional harvest moment (end of June). Samples were hydrodistilled and the obtained essential oils (EOs) were evaluated by means of a combination of GC-FID and GC-MS. The Origanum plants under study were demonstrated to belong to the high-yielding, thymol-type biotypes, with thymol, γ-terpinene and p-cymene as three main components, among the total of about 50 of the evaluated EOs. In each location, EO yields were found to increase throughout survey dates. Significant variations were found in many EO components, both across years and throughout harvest dates within locations. The choice of the harvest moment was confirmed to be crucial in assessing quality aspects of oregano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.N.); (V.H.Y.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Antonio Giovino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria—Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione (CREA-DC), Strada Statale 113 km 245.500, 90011 Bagheria, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Carrubba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali—Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 4 Ingr. L, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vandana How Yuen Siong
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.N.); (V.H.Y.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Carmelo Rinoldo
- Assessorato Regionale dell’Agricoltura, dello Sviluppo Rurale e della Pesca Mediterranea, Ispettorato dell’Agricoltura di Agrigento—U.O. S6.11, U.I.A. di Aragona, Via Scalo Caldare, 92021 Aragona, Italy; (C.R.); (O.N.)
| | - Onofrio Nina
- Assessorato Regionale dell’Agricoltura, dello Sviluppo Rurale e della Pesca Mediterranea, Ispettorato dell’Agricoltura di Agrigento—U.O. S6.11, U.I.A. di Aragona, Via Scalo Caldare, 92021 Aragona, Italy; (C.R.); (O.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.N.); (V.H.Y.S.); (G.R.)
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Bouyahya A, Zengin G, Belmehdi O, Bourais I, Chamkhi I, Taha D, Benali T, Dakka N, Bakri Y. Origanum compactum Benth., from traditional use to biotechnological applications. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13251. [PMID: 32495412 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Origanum compactum Benth., is a Moroccan medicinal plant known by its local name as Zaatar. In Morocco, it has various traditional applications such as the use to treat diabetes, metabolic disorders, digestive, and respiratory problems. In this review, we critically highlighted current investigations on the ethnopharmacological studies, the phytochemistry, pharmacological investigations, biotechnological applications, and future perspective of O. compactum. A bibliometric electronic search in worldwide accepted scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online, and Google Scholar was carried out to gather on O. compactum. Chemical analysis using GC-MS and/or HPLC allowed the identification of several bioactive compounds such as terpenoids and phenolic acids. Furthermore, O. compactum extracts and essential oils have been tested for various biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antifungal, and anticancer effects. Moreover, an alignment between traditional use and biological effects was demonstrated, in particular for the antimicrobial activity. These properties are related to O. compactum bioactive components, especially the volatile compounds such as thymol and carvacrol. The pharmacological mechanisms involve several cellular and molecular targeted actions. Moreover, the biological potential of this species had led some laboratories to apply the biotechnological tools for its regeneration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Origanum compactum is applied as traditional drug against different illnesses and for food preservation. Scientific investigations proved the application of O. compactum essential oils in food industries as antioxidants and antimicrobials. These volatile compounds could be applied also in pharmaceutical industries, in particular as antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial drugs. Moreover, further investigations concerning toxicological evidences and pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic mechanistic targets and clinical trials could develop anticancer, antimalaria and anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic drugs. Finally, the results of the findings of these purposes encourage other research groups to carry out further investigations on the pharmacological properties of O. compactum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Omar Belmehdi
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Ilhame Bourais
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Imane Chamkhi
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Douae Taha
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie, Modélisation moléculaire, Matériaux, Nanomatériaux, Eau et Environnement, CERNE2D, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nadia Dakka
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Piombino C, Lange H, Sabuzi F, Galloni P, Conte V, Crestini C. Lignosulfonate Microcapsules for Delivery and Controlled Release of Thymol and Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:E866. [PMID: 32079068 PMCID: PMC7070466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymol and the corresponding brominated derivatives constitute important biological active molecules as antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, and antiparasitic agents. However, their application is often limited, because their pronounced fragrance, their poor solubility in water, and their high volatility. The encapsulation of different thymol derivatives into biocompatible lignin-microcapsules is presented as a synergy-delivering remedy. The adoption of lignosulfonate as an encapsulating material possessing relevant antioxidant activity, as well as general biocompatibility allows for the development of new materials that are suitable for the application in various fields, especially cosmesis. To this purpose, lignin microcapsules containing thymol, 4-bromothymol, 2,4-dibromothymol, and the corresponding O-methylated derivatives have been efficiently prepared through a sustainable ultrasonication procedure. Actives could be efficiently encapsulated with efficiencies of up to 50%. To evaluate the applicability of such systems for topical purposes, controlled release experiments have been performed in acetate buffer at pH 5.4, to simulate skin pH: all of the capsules show a slow release of actives, which is strongly determined by their inherent lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Piombino
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (P.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Heiko Lange
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (P.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (P.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Valeria Conte
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (P.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University of Venice Ca’ Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy
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Pavoni L, Perinelli DR, Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Palmieri GF. An Overview of Micro- and Nanoemulsions as Vehicles for Essential Oils: Formulation, Preparation and Stability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E135. [PMID: 31940900 PMCID: PMC7023169 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The interest around essential oils is constantly increasing thanks to their biological properties exploitable in several fields, from pharmaceuticals to food and agriculture. However, their widespread use and marketing are still restricted due to their poor physico-chemical properties; i.e., high volatility, thermal decomposition, low water solubility, and stability issues. At the moment, the most suitable approach to overcome such limitations is based on the development of proper formulation strategies. One of the approaches suggested to achieve this goal is the so-called encapsulation process through the preparation of aqueous nano-dispersions. Among them, micro- and nanoemulsions are the most studied thanks to the ease of formulation, handling and to their manufacturing costs. In this direction, this review intends to offer an overview of the formulation, preparation and stability parameters of micro- and nanoemulsions. Specifically, recent literature has been examined in order to define the most common practices adopted (materials and fabrication methods), highlighting their suitability and effectiveness. Finally, relevant points related to formulations, such as optimization, characterization, stability and safety, not deeply studied or clarified yet, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.P.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (G.F.P.)
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El-Miligy MM, Hazzaa AA, El-Zemity SR, Al-Kubeisi AK. Synthesis of Thymol Derivatives as Potential Non-Irritant Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407213666171115161626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Thymol has been reported to have a variety of antimicrobial and insecticidal activities but it has irritation side effect due to its phenolic nature.Methods:A new series of potential non-irritant non-phenolic thymol derivatives were designed to hybridize the well-known biologically active thymol scaffold with various five membered heterocyclic antimicrobial and insecticidal pharmacophores like 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-triazole, thiazole and 4-thiazolidinone through different spacers. The target compounds were biologically evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal activities.Results:Compounds 4b and 9c showed weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B.subtilis with the inhibition zone diameters ranging from 2 to 7 mm and 4 mm respectively compared with ciprofloxacin with the inhibition zone diameter of 21 mm. Compounds 9a, 7d and 13b showed weak antibacterial compounds against B. subtilis with inhibition zone diameters 4, 4 and 6 mm respectively. Compounds 12b, 9c and 7a showed 20% insecticidal activity at a concentration of 0.157 mg/cm2 for each compound against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Compound 6 showed moderate larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens with 40% mortality at a concentration of 1000 ppm.Conclusion:Compound 9c showed weak dual antimicrobial and insecticidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M.M. El-Miligy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Aly A. Hazzaa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Saad R. El-Zemity
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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Antileishmanial potential of medicinal plant extracts from the North-West of Morocco. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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López V, Cascella M, Benelli G, Maggi F, Gómez-Rincón C. Green drugs in the fight against Anisakis simplex-larvicidal activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of Origanum compactum essential oil. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:861-867. [PMID: 29368038 PMCID: PMC5876267 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anisakiasis is a fish-borne parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, as well as cephalopods, contaminated by third instar larvae (L3) of species belonging to the genus Anisakis (Anisakidae). Origanum compactum is a small herbaceous aromatic plant endemic to Spain and Morocco. In Morocco, the plant is used under infusion to treat heart diseases and intestinal pains or as preservative for foodstuffs. This is the first time that the O. compactum essential oil is tested against the parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex. The phytochemical analysis by GC-MS revealed carvacrol (50.3%) and thymol (14.8%) as the major oil constituents. The essential oil and its major constituents carvacrol and thymol were tested against A. simplex L3 larvae isolated from blue whiting fish (Micromesistius poutassou). A. simplex mortality (%) after 24 and 48 h of treatment at 1 μl/ml was 100%, with a low LD50 compared with other essential oils and extracts, and the penetration in the agar assay was also reduced, if compared with control wells. The oil, as well as its major constituents, demonstrated a dose-dependent larvicidal activity. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase through a colorimetric assay in 96-well plates was used to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism as this enzyme plays a key role in nematodes neuromuscular function. Interestingly, O. compactum essential oil, carvacrol and thymol inhibited the enzyme, confirming that this could be one of the mechanisms involved in the anthelmintic activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that O. compactum essential oil is reported as a larvicidal agent against A. simplex L3 larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Cascella
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain.,School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy. .,The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlota Gómez-Rincón
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain
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Perspectives on medicinal properties of natural phenolic monoterpenoids and their hybrids. Mol Divers 2017; 22:225-245. [PMID: 28988386 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Carvacrol, thymol and eugenol belong to a class of naturally presenting phenols with a ten-carbon unit, which are present in essential oils of many plants. These versatile molecules are incorporated as useful ingredients in many food products and find applications in agricultural, pharmaceutical, fragrance, cosmetic, flavor and other industries. They are wide ranging of biological and pharmaceutical activities: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, anticancer and antioxidant. This review summarizes pharmacological and medicinal activities of these phytochemicals and their synthetic hybrids.
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Elshafie HS, Armentano MF, Carmosino M, Bufo SA, De Feo V, Camele I. Cytotoxic Activity of Origanum Vulgare L. on Hepatocellular Carcinoma cell Line HepG2 and Evaluation of its Biological Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091435. [PMID: 28867805 PMCID: PMC6151800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of plant essential oils (EOs) in anticancer treatment has recently received many research efforts to overcome the development of multidrug resistance and their negative side effects. The aims of the current research are to study (i) the cytotoxic effect of the crude EO extracted from Origanum vulgare subsp hirtum and its main constituents (carvacrol, thymol, citral and limonene) on hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and healthy human renal cells HEK293; (ii) the antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of the above EO and its main constituents. Results showed that cell viability percentage of treated HepG2 by EO and its main constituents was significantly decreased when compared to untreated cells. The calculated inhibition concentration (IC50) values for HepG2 were lower than healthy renal cells, indicating the sort of selectivity of the studied substances. Citral is not potentially recommended as an anticancer therapeutic agent, since there are no significant differences between IC50 values against both tested cell lines. Results showed also that oregano EO and its main constituents have a significant antibacterial activity and a moderate phytotoxic effect. The current research verified that oregano EO and its main constituents could be potentially utilized as anticancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem S Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy.
| | - Maria F Armentano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy.
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy.
| | - Sabino A Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno 84084, Italy.
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy.
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Bouyahya A, Et-Touys A, Bakri Y, Talbaui A, Fellah H, Abrini J, Dakka N. Chemical composition of Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils and their antileishmanial, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:41-49. [PMID: 28821401 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was the determination of the chemical composition of Mentha pulegium L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils and the evaluation of their antileishmanial, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Essential oils (EOs) were isolated using steam distillation and the chemical composition was determined using GC-MS analysis. The antibacterial activity was tested against ten pathogenic strains using the diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by microtitration assay. The antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH free radical scavenging ability and ferric-reducing power. The antileishmanial activity was tested against Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum using MTT (3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The yield of essential oils (v/w %) M. puleguim and R. officinalis based on dry weight were 5.4 and 2.7% respectively. GC/MS analysis of R. officinalis essential oil (ROEO) revealed the presence of 29 components, mainly represented by oxygenated monoterpenes (63.743%) and hydrocarbons monoterpenes (21.231%). Mentha pulegium essential oil (MPEO) revealed 21 components, mainly represented by oxygenated monoterpenes (83.865%). The major components of ROEO were α-pinene (14.076), 1,8-Cineole (23.673) and camphor (18.743), while menthone (21.164) and pulegone (40.98) were the main major components of MPEO. M. pulegium and R. officinalis EOs showed a significant antioxidant activity compared with ascorbic acid and Trolox to the IC50 values of 58.27 ± 2.72 and 85.74 ± 7.57 μg/mL respectively revealed by reducing power assay. As for the antibacterial effect, the highest zone diameters were shown by the MPEO against Bacillus subtilis (30 ± 1.43 mm) and Proteus mirabilis (28 ± 1.32 mm). These values are significantly important compared with those of the commercialized antibiotic (Erythromycin and Chlorophenicol). The lowest MIC and MBC values were obtained with MPEO against S. aureus MBLA (MIC = MBC = 0.25% (v/v)). While, ROEO has exhibited a bactericidal effect against Listeria monocytogenes (MIC = MBC = 0.5% (v/v)), Bacillus subtilis (MIC = MBC = 1% (v/v)) and Escherichia coli (MIC = MBC = 1% (v/v)). For the antileishmanial effect, ROEO is the most active against L. major (IC50 = 1.2 ± 0.36 μg/mL. While, the MPEO has the most leishmanicidal effect against L. major (IC50 = 1.3 ± 0.45 μg/mL). These findings show that the EOs of M. pulegium and R. officinalis are good sources of bioactive molecules that could have potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco.
| | - Abdeslam Et-Touys
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; National Reference Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Talbaui
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hajiba Fellah
- National Reference Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jamal Abrini
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Nadia Dakka
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Bouyahya A, Abrini J, Et-Touys A, Bakri Y, Dakka N. Indigenous knowledge of the use of medicinal plants in the North-West of Morocco and their biological activities. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Sedaghat Doost A, Sinnaeve D, De Neve L, Van der Meeren P. Influence of non-ionic surfactant type on the salt sensitivity of oregano oil-in-water emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nagoor Meeran MF, Javed H, Al Taee H, Azimullah S, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Thymol: Prospects for Its Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:380. [PMID: 28694777 PMCID: PMC5483461 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol, chemically known as 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol is a colorless crystalline monoterpene phenol. It is one of the most important dietary constituents in thyme species. For centuries, it has been used in traditional medicine and has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic and antitumor activities. The present article presents a detailed review of the scientific literature which reveals the pharmacological properties of thymol and its multiple therapeutic actions against various cardiovascular, neurological, rheumatological, gastrointestinal, metabolic and malignant diseases at both biochemical and molecular levels. The noteworthy effects of thymol are largely attributed to its anti-inflammatory (via inhibiting recruitment of cytokines and chemokines), antioxidant (via scavenging of free radicals, enhancing the endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and chelation of metal ions), antihyperlipidemic (via increasing the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing the levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the circulation and membrane stabilization) (via maintaining ionic homeostasis) effects. This review presents an overview of the current in vitro and in vivo data supporting thymol's therapeutic activity and the challenges concerning its use for prevention and its therapeutic value as a dietary supplement or as a pharmacological agent or as an adjuvant along with current therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases. It is one of the potential candidates of natural origin that has shown promising therapeutic potential, pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms as well as pharmacokinetic properties for the pharmaceutical development of thymol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hasan Al Taee
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Quintero Ruiz N, Córdoba Campo Y, Stashenko EE, Fuentes JL. Antigenotoxic Effect Against Ultraviolet Radiation-induced DNA Damage of the Essential Oils from Lippia Species. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1063-1072. [PMID: 28178379 DOI: 10.1111/php.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antigenotoxicity against ultraviolet radiation (UV)-induced DNA damage of essential oils (EO) from Lippia species was studied using SOS Chromotest. Based on the minimum concentration that significantly inhibits genotoxicity, the genoprotective potential of EO from highest to lowest was Lippia graveolens, thymol-RC ≈ Lippia origanoides, carvacrol-RC ≈ L. origanoides, thymol-RC > Lippia alba, citral-RC ≈ Lippia citriodora, citral-RC ≈ Lippia micromera, thymol-RC > L. alba, myrcenone-RC. EO from L. alba, carvone/limonene-RC, L. origanoides, α-phellandrene-RC and L. dulcis, trans-β-caryophyllene-RC did not reduce the UV genotoxicity at any of the doses tested. A gas chromatography with flame ionization detection analysis (GC-FID) was conducted to evaluate the solubility of the major EO constituents under our experimental conditions. GC-FID analysis showed that, at least partially, major EO constituents were water-soluble and therefore, they were related with the antigenotoxicity detected for EO. Constituents such as p-cymene, geraniol, carvacrol, thymol, citral and 1,8-cineole showed antigenotoxicity. The antioxidant activity of EO constituents was also determined using the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay. The results showed that the antigenotoxicity of the EO constituents was unconnected with their antioxidant activity. The antigenotoxicity to different constituent binary mixtures suggests that synergistic effects can occur in some of the studied EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Quintero Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Yuri Córdoba Campo
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Nagpal I, Abraham SK. Ameliorative effects of gallic acid, quercetin and limonene on urethane-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:286-292. [PMID: 28043195 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1278294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of our present work was to ascertain the efficacy of Drosophila melanogaster model for assessing antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects of dietary phytochemicals gallic acid (GA), quercetin (QC) and limonene (Lim) against urethane (URE), a genotoxic environmental carcinogen. Oregon-K (ORK) adult male flies were fed GA, QC and Lim in combination with URE (20 mM) in 10% sucrose for 72 h. Third instar larvae were fed instant medium containing the above phytochemicals and URE for 24 h. Sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) test and assays for estimating glutathione content (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (MDA content) were performed. Adult feeding experiments demonstrated that co-treatment of flies with URE and the test phytochemicals has significantly decreased the frequencies of SLRL mutations in all the germ cell stages when compared to that with URE alone. Larval feeding experiments also showed a similar pattern. The above results correlate well with antioxidative potentials of the test agents where we observed the elevated enzymatic levels with a significant reduction in MDA level in Drosophila larvae. The results further suggest that the dietary phytochemicals have an antioxidant and antimutagenic property which can be assessed using D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Nagpal
- a School of Life Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
| | - Suresh K Abraham
- a School of Life Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
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29
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Van Haute S, Raes K, Van der Meeren P, Sampers I. The effect of cinnamon, oregano and thyme essential oils in marinade on the microbial shelf life of fish and meat products. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Béjaoui A, Boulila A, Sanaa A, Boussaid M, Fernandez X. Antioxidant Activity andα-Amylase Inhibitory Effect of Polyphenolic-Rich Extract fromOriganum GlandulosumDesf. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afef Béjaoui
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology; National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Centre Urbain Nord; B.P. 676 1080 Tunis Cedex Tunisia
| | - Abdennacer Boulila
- Laboratory of Natural Substances (LR10INRAP02); National Institute of Research and Physico-chemical Analyses, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet; Ariana 2020 Tunisia
| | - Adnen Sanaa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology; National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Centre Urbain Nord; B.P. 676 1080 Tunis Cedex Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Boussaid
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology; National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Centre Urbain Nord; B.P. 676 1080 Tunis Cedex Tunisia
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Institut de Chimie de Nice; UMR 7272 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS; Parc Valrose 06108 Nice Cedex 2 France
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Ezzat Abd El-Hack M, Alagawany M, Ragab Farag M, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Dhama K, Zorriehzahra J, Adel M. Beneficial impacts of thymol essential oil on health and production of animals, fish and poultry: a review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mayada Ragab Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Uttar PradeshPandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidyalaya Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh) India
| | - Jalil Zorriehzahra
- Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases Department, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO),Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Milad Adel
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Akin D, Durak Y, Uysal A, Gunes E, Aladag MO. Assessment of antimutagenic action of Celtis glabrata Steven ex Planch. (Cannabaceae) extracts against base pair exchange and frame shift mutations on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains by Ames test. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 39:312-21. [PMID: 26739110 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Celtis glabrata is used in Turkey for the treatment of various health disorders. OBJECTIVE The acetone, chloroform, ethanol, and methanol extracts of C. glabrata leaf, fruit, and seed were investigated to evaluate their antimutagenic activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS The antimutagenicity of these extracts was determined by Ames test against mutagens (4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), and sodium azide (SA)). The extracts were used at concentrations between 5 and 0.005 mg/plate. RESULTS The ethanol extracts of leaves exhibited strong antimutagenicity (70%) against 2-AF with S9 at 5 mg/plate on TA98. But methanol (61%, 53%) and acetone (53%, 52%) also revealed strong inhibition rates at concentrations of ≥ 0.5 mg/plate. Among the extracts, the highest activity (96%) was obtained from acetone extract against SA without S9, followed by chloroform extract (91%) at a dose of 5 mg/plate on TA100 with S9. Ethanol (without S9) and chloroform (with S9) extracts showed strong antimutagenicity at all doses. Exception of chloroform and acetone (without S9), all fruit extracts (with/without S9) manifested strong antimutagenicity at doses of ≥ 0.5 mg/plate on TA98 strain. Ethanol extracts revealed 68% inhibition against 2-AF on TA98. Acetone and ethanol extracts manifested 84% and 82% inhibition against SA on TA100, respectively. All the extracts of seeds revealed strong inhibition against 2-AF at ≥ 0.5 mg/plate doses on TA98, but acetone extract showed excellent antimutagenicity (94%). Moreover, the chloroform (74, 73, 63, 54%), acetone (74, 72, 70, 65%) and methanol (74, 67, 63, 61%) extracts of seeds revealed strong antimutagenic activity on TA100 against SA with S9. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This plant may be natural source of antimutagenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Akin
- a Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Durak
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey , and
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- c Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medicinal Laboratory , Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Erdogan Gunes
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey , and
| | - Mustafa Onur Aladag
- c Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medicinal Laboratory , Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
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Yu GJ, Choi IW, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Kim CM, Kim WJ, Yoo YH, Choi YH. Induction of reactive oxygen species–mediated apoptosis by purified Schisandrae semen essential oil in human leukemia U937 cells through activation of the caspase cascades and nuclear relocation of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors. Nutr Res 2015; 35:910-920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mechergui K, Jaouadi W, Coelho JA, Serra MC, Khouja ML. Biological activities and oil properties of Origanum glandulosum Desf: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-015-0963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Llana-Ruiz-Cabello M, Pichardo S, Maisanaba S, Puerto M, Prieto AI, Gutiérrez-Praena D, Jos A, Cameán AM. In vitro toxicological evaluation of essential oils and their main compounds used in active food packaging: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 81:9-27. [PMID: 25865936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and their main constituent compounds have been extensively investigated due to their application in the food industry for improving the shelf life of perishable products. Although they are still not available for use in food packaging in the market in Europe, considerable research in this field has been carried out recently. The safety of these EOs should be guaranteed before being commercialized. The aim of this work was to review the scientific publications, with a primary focus on the last 10 years, with respect to different in vitro toxicological aspects, mainly focussed on mutagenicity/genotoxicity. In general, fewer genotoxic studies have been reported on EOs in comparison to their main components, and most of them did not show mutagenic activity. However, more studies are needed in this field since the guidelines of the European Food Safety Authority have not always been followed accurately. The mutagenic/genotoxic activities of these substances have been related to metabolic activation. Therefore, in vivo tests are required to confirm the absence of genotoxic effects. Considering the great variability of the EOs and their main compounds, a case-by-case evaluation is needed to assure their safe use in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Llana-Ruiz-Cabello
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Pichardo
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Maisanaba
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Masoum S, Mehran M, Ghaheri S. Identification of potential antioxidant compounds in the essential oil of thyme by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and multivariate calibration techniques. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:410-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Masoum
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan; I. R. Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan; I. R. Iran
| | - Salehe Ghaheri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan; I. R. Iran
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Hagag HA, Bazaid SA, Abdel-Hameed ESS, Salman M. Cytogenetic, cytotoxic and GC-MS studies on concrete and absolute oils from Taif rose, Saudi Arabia. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:913-23. [PMID: 24101441 PMCID: PMC4235938 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taif rose (Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck) is a sort of damask rose, which is considered as one of the most important economic products of Taif. In this study, the authors investigated the possible cytotoxic, genotoxic, antimutagenic and anticancer effect of concrete and absolute rose oils. The results showed that both concrete and absolute rose oils were cytotoxically and genotoxically safe at a dose of 10 μg/ml when tested on cultures of normal human blood lymphocytes. Also, the results showed significant antimutagenic activity at p < 0.001 for absolute rose oil at the same dose level when tested on cultures of normal human blood lymphocytes supplemented with 300 ng/ml mitomycin C (MMC). On the other hand, concrete and absolute oils exerted a cytotoxic activity against two kinds of human cancer cell lines: HepG2 and MCF7. Concrete oil showed cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and MCF7 with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 16.28 and 18.09 μg/ml, respectively, whereas absolute rose oil showed its cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and MCF7 with an IC50 of 24.94 and 19.69, respectively. From this study, it is concluded that concrete and absolute rose oils are cytotoxically and genotoxically safe at a dose of 10 μg/ml when tested on cultures of normal human blood lymphocytes. In addition, absolute oil has an antimutagenic activity at the same dose. Further investigations are needed to study the activity of higher doses of both oils in vitro and in vivo in experimental animals in order to evaluate the capability of using these oils as therapeutic for treatment of some kinds of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Hagag
- />Cytogentic Unit, Main Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salih A. Bazaid
- />Natural Products Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed S. Abdel-Hameed
- />Natural Products Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- />Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmood Salman
- />Natural Products Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Grondona E, Gatti G, López AG, Sánchez LR, Rivero V, Pessah O, Zunino MP, Ponce AA. Bio-efficacy of the essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare Lamiaceae. Ssp. Hirtum). PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 69:351-357. [PMID: 25266989 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the bioactivity of the essential oil isolated from Origanum vulgare L. (EOv). We analyzed the in vivo anti-inflammatory properties in a mouse-airway inflammation model and the in vitro antimicrobial activity, genotoxicity over the anaphase-telophase with the Allium cepa strain and its cytotoxicity/viability in A549 culture cells. In vivo, EOv modified the levels of tumor necrosis factor -α and viable activated macrophages and was capable to mitigate the effects of degradation of conjugated dienes. In vitro, EOv reduced the viability of cultured A549 cells as well as the mitotic index and a number of chromosomal aberrations; however, it did not change the number of phases. We found that EOv presents antimicrobial activity against different Gram (-) and (+) strains, measured by disc-diffusion test and confirmed with a more accurate method, the AutoCad software. We postulate that EOv presents antibacterial, antioxidant and chemopreventive properties and could be play an important role as bioprotector agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Grondona
- Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Lesgards JF, Baldovini N, Vidal N, Pietri S. Anticancer Activities of Essential Oils Constituents and Synergy with Conventional Therapies: A Review. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1423-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Baldovini
- Faculté des Sciences; University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR 7272, Institut de Chimie de Nice; Avenue Valrose 06108 Nice Cedex 2 France
| | - Nicolas Vidal
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Sylvia Pietri
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273; 13397 Marseille France
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40
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Patchouli alcohol, an essential oil of Pogostemon cablin, exhibits anti-tumorigenic activity in human colorectal cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:184-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zotti M, Colaianna M, Morgese MG, Tucci P, Schiavone S, Avato P, Trabace L. Carvacrol: from ancient flavoring to neuromodulatory agent. Molecules 2013; 18:6161-72. [PMID: 23708230 PMCID: PMC6270539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oregano and thyme essential oils are used for therapeutic, aromatic and gastronomic purposes due to their richness in active substances, like carvacrol; however, the effects of the latter on the central nervous system have been poorly investigated. The aim of our study was to define the effects of carvacrol on brain neurochemistry and behavioural outcome in rats. Biogenic amine content in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus after chronic or acute oral carvacrol administration was measured. Animals were assessed by a forced swimming test. Carvacrol, administered for seven consecutive days (12.5 mg/kg p.o.), was able to increase dopamine and serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. When single doses were used (150 and 450 mg/kg p.o.), dopamine content was increased in the prefrontal cortex at both dose levels. On the contrary, a significant dopamine reduction in hippocampus of animals treated with 450 mg/kg of carvacrol was found. Acute carvacrol administration only significantly reduced serotonin content in either the prefrontal cortex or in the hippocampus at the highest dose. Moreover, acute carvacrol was ineffective in producing changes in the forced swimming test. Our data suggest that carvacrol is a brain-active molecule that clearly influences neuronal activity through modulation of neurotransmitters. If regularly ingested in low concentrations, it might determine feelings of well-being and could possibly have positive reinforcer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Zotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy; E-Mails: (M.Z.); (M.C.); (M.G.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Marilena Colaianna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy; E-Mails: (M.Z.); (M.C.); (M.G.M.); (P.T.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy; E-Mails: (M.Z.); (M.C.); (M.G.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy; E-Mails: (M.Z.); (M.C.); (M.G.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; E-Mail:
| | - Pinarosa Avato
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, “A. Moro”, Bari 70125, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy; E-Mails: (M.Z.); (M.C.); (M.G.M.); (P.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0881-588056; Fax: +39-0881-588037
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Silva CL, Câmara JS. Profiling of volatiles in the leaves of Lamiaceae species based on headspace solid phase microextraction and mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sözmen F, Uysal B, Köse EO, Aktaş Ö, Cinbilgel I, Oksal BS. Extraction of the Essential Oil from Endemic Origanum bilgeri P.H.Davis with Two Different Methods: Comparison of the Oil Composition and Antibacterial Activity. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:1356-63. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bostancıoğlu RB, Kürkçüoğlu M, Başer KHC, Koparal AT. Assessment of anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral potentials of Origanum onites L. essential oil. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2002-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Deb DD, Parimala G, Saravana Devi S, Chakraborty T. Effect of thymol on peripheral blood mononuclear cell PBMC and acute promyelotic cancer cell line HL-60. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 193:97-106. [PMID: 21640085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thymol, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, has been known for its antioxidant, anti microbial, and anti inflammatory activity. Thymol has also been reported as anti-cancer agent, but its anti-cancer mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate anticancer activity of thymol on HL-60 (acute promyelotic leukemia) cells. In our study, thymol demonstrated dose dependent cytotoxic effects on HL-60 cells after 24h of exposure. However, thymol did not show any cytotoxic effect in normal human PBMC. The cytotoxic effect of thymol on HL-60 cells appears to be associated with induction of cell cycle arrest at sub G0/G1 phase, and apoptotic cell death based on genomic DNA fragmentation pattern. Thymol also showed significant increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, increase in mitochondrial H(2)O(2) production and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. On performing Western Blot analysis, thymol showed increase in Bax protein level with a concomitant decrease in Bcl2 protein expression in a dose dependent manner. Our study also showed activation of caspase -9, -8 and -3 and concomitant PARP cleavage, which is the hallmark of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, to rule out the involvement of other mechanisms in apoptosis induction by thymol, we also studied its effect on apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). Thymol induced AIF translocation from mitochondria to cytosol and to nucleus, thus indicating its ability to induce caspase independent apoptosis. We conclude that, thymol-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells involves both caspase dependent and caspase independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Dutta Deb
- Environmental Health Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India.
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Babili FE, Bouajila J, Souchard JP, Bertrand C, Bellvert F, Fouraste I, Moulis C, Valentin A. Oregano: Chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Its Antimalarial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C512-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sœur J, Marrot L, Perez P, Iraqui I, Kienda G, Dardalhon M, Meunier JR, Averbeck D, Huang ME. Selective cytotoxicity of Aniba rosaeodora essential oil towards epidermoid cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 718:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Vicuña GC, Stashenko EE, Fuentes JL. Chemical composition of the Lippia origanoides essential oils and their antigenotoxicity against bleomycin-induced DNA damage. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:343-9. [PMID: 19874875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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Bouhdid S, Abrini J, Zhiri A, Espuny MJ, Manresa A. Investigation of functional and morphological changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus cells induced by Origanum compactum essential oil. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1558-68. [PMID: 19226402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Evaluation of the cellular effects of Origanum compactum essential oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. METHODS AND RESULTS The damage induced by O. compactum essential oil on these two strains has been studied using different techniques: plate count, potassium leakage, flow cytometry (FC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that oil treatment led to reduction of cells viability and dissipated potassium ion gradients. Flow cytometric analysis showed that oil treatment promoted the accumulation of bis-oxonol and the membrane-impermeable nucleic acid stain propidium iodide (PI), indicating the loss of membrane potential and permeability. The ability to reduce 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride was inhibited. Unlike in Ps. aeruginosa, membrane potential and membrane permeability in Staph. aureus cells were affected by oil concentration and contact time. Finally, TEM showed various structural effects. Mesosome-like structures were seen in oil-treated Staph. aureus cells whereas in Ps. aeruginosa, coagulated cytoplasmic material and liberation of membrane vesicles were observed, and intracellular material was seen in the surrounding environment. Both FC and TEM revealed that the effects in Ps. aeruginosa were greater than in Staph. aureus. CONCLUSIONS Oregano essential oil induces membrane damage showed by the leakage of potassium and uptake of PI and bis-oxonol. Ultrastructural alterations and the loss of cell viability were observed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Understanding the mode of antibacterial effect of the oil studied is of a great interest in it further application as natural preservative in food or pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bouhdid
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, Equipe de Biotechnologies et Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco
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