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Igual-Munoz A, Genilloud JL, Jolles BM, Mischler S. Influence of Different Sterilization Methods on the Surface Chemistry and Electrochemical Behavior of Biomedical Alloys. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:749. [PMID: 37508776 PMCID: PMC10376536 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterilization is a prerequisite for biomedical devices before contacting the human body. It guarantees the lack of infection by eliminating microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, spores and fungi). It constitutes the last fabrication process of a biomedical device. The aim of this paper is to understand the effect of different sterilization methods (ethanol-EtOH, autoclave-AC, autoclave + ultraviolet radiation-ACUV and gamma irradiation-G) on the surface chemistry and electrochemical reactivity (with special attention on the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction) of CoCrMo and titanium biomedical alloys used as prosthetic materials. To do that, electrochemical measurements (open circuit potential, polarization resistance, cathodic potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and surface analyses (Auger Electron Spectroscopy) of the sterilized surfaces were carried out. The obtained results show that the effect of sterilization on the corrosion behavior of biomedical alloys is material-dependent: for CoCrMo alloys, autoclave treatment increases the thickness and the chromium content of the passive film increasing its corrosion resistance compared to simple sterilization in EtOH, while in titanium and its alloys, autoclave and UV-light accelerates its corrosion rate by accelerating the kinetics of oxygen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Igual-Munoz
- Tribology and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Institut des Matériaux, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Ludovic Genilloud
- Tribology and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Institut des Matériaux, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte M Jolles
- Swiss BioMotion Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Mischler
- Tribology and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Institut des Matériaux, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Mydin RBSMN, Mahboob A, Sreekantan S, Saharudin KA, Qazem EQ, Hazan R, Wajidi MFF. Mechano-cytoskeleton remodeling mechanism and molecular docking studies on nanosurface technology: Titania nanotube arrays. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022. [PMID: 36567620 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In biomedical implant technology, nanosurface such as titania nanotube arrays (TNA) could provide better cellular adaptation, especially for long-term tissue acceptance response. Mechanotransduction activities of TNA nanosurface could involve the cytoskeleton remodeling mechanism. However, there is no clear insight into TNA mechano-cytoskeleton remodeling activities, especially computational approaches. Epithelial cells have played critical interface between biomedical implant surface and tissue acceptance, particularly for long-term interaction. Therefore, this study investigates genomic responses that are responsible for cell-TNA mechano-stimulus using epithelial cells model. Findings suggested that cell-TNA interaction may improve structural and extracellular matrix (ECM) support on the cells as an adaptive response toward the nanosurface topography. More specifically, the surface topography of the TNA might improve the cell polarity and adhesion properties via the interaction of the plasma membrane and intracellular matrix responses. TNA nanosurface might engross the cytoskeleton remodeling activities for multidirectional cell movement and cellular protrusions on TNA nanosurface. These observations are supported by the molecular docking profiles that determine proteins' in silico binding mechanism on TNA. This active cell-surface revamping would allow cells to adapt to develop a protective barrier toward TNA nanosurface, thus enhancing biocompatibility properties distinctly for long-term interaction. The findings from this study will be beneficial toward nano-molecular knowledge of designing functional nanosurface technology for advanced medical implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiatul Basria S M N Mydin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Alam Mahboob
- Division of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Srimala Sreekantan
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Arifah Saharudin
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,Qdos Interconnect Sdn Bhd, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ekhlas Qaid Qazem
- Materials Technology Group, Industrial Technology Division, Nuclear Malaysia Agency, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roshasnorlyza Hazan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen
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3
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Guo T, Oztug NAK, Han P, Ivanovski S, Gulati K. Influence of sterilization on the performance of anodized nanoporous titanium implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112429. [PMID: 34702514 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Towards clinical translation of bioactive nano-engineered titanium implants, achieving appropriate sterilization and understanding its influence on the modified implant characteristics is essential. With limited studies exploring the influence of sterilization techniques on electrochemically anodized titanium with TiO2 nanostructures, we aimed to advance this domain by performing an in-depth evaluation of the influence of common sterilization techniques (ethanol immersion, various UV irradiation times, gamma irradiation, and dry/wet autoclaving) on TiO2 nanopores fabricated on micro-rough Ti surfaces (dual micro-nano) via single step anodization. Various sterilized surfaces were systematically compared in terms of topographical, chemical, crystalline, wettability and mechanical characteristics. Next, we investigated the protein adhesion capacity and functions of primary gingival fibroblasts (proliferation, adhesion/alignment and spreading morphology) to compare the bioactivity of the sterilized nanopores. Ethanol immersion, gamma irradiation and UV irradiation conserved the topography of the fabricated nanopores, while autoclave sterilization (both dry and wet) compromised the nanoporous structures. Various duration of UV-sterilization resulted in no significant changes in the surface topography and chemistry of the fabricated TNPs. Our findings revealed that UV irradiation is the most appropriate technique to sterilize nano-engineered titanium implants for appropriate wettability, protein adhesion capacity and enhanced metabolism and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). This study systematically investigated the influence of sterilization on anodized nano-engineered titanium implants towards achieving reproducible outcomes (in terms of topography, chemistry and bioactivity), and found that UV irradiation holds great promise for application across different nano-engineered metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Guo
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Necla Asli Kocak Oztug
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Karan Gulati
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
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4
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Shen Z, Wang S, Shen Z, Tang Y, Xu J, Lin C, Chen X, Huang Q. Deciphering controversial results of cell proliferation on TiO 2 nanotubes using machine learning. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab025. [PMID: 34168893 PMCID: PMC8218935 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of biomedical sciences, contradictory results on the relationships between biological responses and material properties emerge continuously, adding to the challenge of interpreting the incomprehensible interfacial process. In the present paper, we use cell proliferation on titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) as a case study and apply machine learning methodologies to decipher contradictory results in the literature. The gradient boosting decision tree model demonstrates that cell density has a higher impact on cell proliferation than other obtainable experimental features in most publications. Together with the variation of other essential features, the controversy of cell proliferation trends on various TNTs is understandable. By traversing all combinational experimental features and the corresponding forecast using an exhausted grid search strategy, we find that adjusting cell density and sterilization methods can simultaneously induce opposite cell proliferation trends on various TNTs diameter, which is further validated by experiments. This case study reveals that machine learning is a burgeoning tool in deciphering controversial results in biomedical researches, opening up an avenue to explore the structure-property relationships of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Shen
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yufei Tang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junbin Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Changjian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.16 Xinsan Road, Hi-tech Industrial Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
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Gulati K, Zhang Y, Di P, Liu Y, Ivanovski S. Research to Clinics: Clinical Translation Considerations for Anodized Nano-Engineered Titanium Implants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:4077-4091. [PMID: 34313123 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Titania nanotubes (TNTs) fabricated on titanium orthopedic and dental implants have shown significant potential in "proof of concept" in vitro, ex vivo, and short-term in vivo studies. However, most studies do not focus on a clear direction for future research towards clinical translation, and there exists a knowledge gap in identifying key research challenges that must be addressed to progress to the clinical setting. This review focuses on such challenges with respect to anodized titanium implants modified with TNTs, including optimized fabrication on clinically utilized microrough surfaces, clinically relevant bioactivity assessments, and controlled/tailored local release of therapeutics. Further, long-term in vivo investigations in compromised animal models under loading conditions are needed. We also discuss and detail challenges and progress related to the mechanical stability of TNT-based implants, corrosion resistance/electrochemical stability, optimized cleaning/sterilization, packaging/aging, and nanotoxicity concerns. This extensive, clinical translation focused review of TNTs modified Ti implants aims to foster improved understanding of key research gaps and advances, informing future research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Gulati
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Di
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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Zielińska A, Soles BB, Lopes AR, Vaz BF, Rodrigues CM, Alves TFR, Klensporf-Pawlik D, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Severino P, Santini A, Chaud MV, Souto EB. Nanopharmaceuticals for Eye Administration: Sterilization, Depyrogenation and Clinical Applications. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100336. [PMID: 33066555 PMCID: PMC7602230 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nanopharmaceuticals have revolutionized the way ophthalmic drugs are administered to overcome ocular delivery barriers and improve drug bioavailability. The design and production of an efficient ocular drug delivery system still remain a challenge. In this review, we discuss the sterilization and depyrogenation methods, commonly used for ophthalmic nanopharmaceuticals, and their clinical applications. Abstract As an immune-privileged target organ, the eyes have important superficial and internal barriers, protecting them from physical and chemical damage from exogenous and/or endogenous origins that would cause injury to visual acuity or even vision loss. These anatomic, physiological and histologic barriers are thus a challenge for drug access and entry into the eye. Novel therapeutic concepts are highly desirable for eye treatment. The design of an efficient ocular drug delivery system still remains a challenge. Although nanotechnology may offer the ability to detect and treat eye diseases, successful treatment approaches are still in demand. The growing interest in nanopharmaceuticals offers the opportunity to improve ophthalmic treatments. Besides their size, which needs to be critically monitored, nanopharmaceuticals for ophthalmic applications have to be produced under sterilized conditions. In this work, we have revised the different sterilization and depyrogenation methods for ophthalmic nanopharmaceuticals with their merits and drawbacks. The paper also describes clinical sterilization of drugs and the outcomes of inappropriate practices, while recent applications of nanopharmaceuticals for ocular drug delivery are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.Z.); (B.B.S.); (A.R.L.); (B.F.V.); (C.M.R.)
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beatriz B. Soles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.Z.); (B.B.S.); (A.R.L.); (B.F.V.); (C.M.R.)
| | - Ana R. Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.Z.); (B.B.S.); (A.R.L.); (B.F.V.); (C.M.R.)
| | - Beatriz F. Vaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.Z.); (B.B.S.); (A.R.L.); (B.F.V.); (C.M.R.)
| | - Camila M. Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.Z.); (B.B.S.); (A.R.L.); (B.F.V.); (C.M.R.)
| | - Thais F. R. Alves
- Laboratory of Biomaterial and Nanotechnology (LaBNUS). University of Sorocaba, Raposo Tavares 92.5, Sorocaba, 18078-005 São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Dorota Klensporf-Pawlik
- Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Patricia Severino
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women& Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program, University of Tiradentes (Unit), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Brazil
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.V.C.); (E.B.S.); Tel.: +39-81-253-9317 (A.S.); +55-15-98172-4431 (M.V.C.); +351-239-488-400 (E.B.S.)
| | - Marco V. Chaud
- Laboratory of Biomaterial and Nanotechnology (LaBNUS). University of Sorocaba, Raposo Tavares 92.5, Sorocaba, 18078-005 São Paulo, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.V.C.); (E.B.S.); Tel.: +39-81-253-9317 (A.S.); +55-15-98172-4431 (M.V.C.); +351-239-488-400 (E.B.S.)
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.Z.); (B.B.S.); (A.R.L.); (B.F.V.); (C.M.R.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.V.C.); (E.B.S.); Tel.: +39-81-253-9317 (A.S.); +55-15-98172-4431 (M.V.C.); +351-239-488-400 (E.B.S.)
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7
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Wang F, Li C, Zhang S, Liu H. Role of TiO
2
Nanotubes on the Surface of Implants in Osseointegration in Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:501-510. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Medical College of Nankai University Tianjin P.R. China
- Chinese PLA General HospitalInstitute of Stomatological Research Beijing P.R. China
| | - Chuanjie Li
- Medical College of Nankai University Tianjin P.R. China
- Chinese PLA General HospitalInstitute of Stomatological Research Beijing P.R. China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Medical College of Nankai University Tianjin P.R. China
- Chinese PLA General HospitalInstitute of Stomatological Research Beijing P.R. China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- Medical College of Nankai University Tianjin P.R. China
- Chinese PLA General HospitalInstitute of Stomatological Research Beijing P.R. China
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8
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Mu P, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu R, Zhao X, Huang A, Zhang R, Liu X, Huang Q, Lin C. High-Throughput Screening of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behavior on Gradient TiO 2 Nanotubes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2804-2814. [PMID: 33435005 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dimension of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) ranges from several nanometers to hundreds of nanometers. This variety raises the difficulty of screening suitable nanotube dimension for biomedical applications. Herein, we report the use of a simple one-step bipolar anodization method for fabrication of TNT gradients with diameter range from 30 to 100 nm. The gradient TNTs were successfully applied for high-throughput screening of TNT size effect on cell responses, including cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Results reveal that no significant difference in adherent cell number could be found within the range of 30-87 nm in both the presence and absence of serum proteins. On the contrary, large nanotubes (with outer diameter >87 nm) profoundly reduce cell adhesion in both the presence and absence of serum proteins, indicating TNT size could affect cell adhesion directly without the adsorbed proteins. The size effect on cell behavior becomes prominent with time that cell proliferation and differentiation decrease with increasing nanotube size. This size effect can be comprehended by protein adsorption and the formation of focal adhesion. Another two sample applications of gradient TNTs demonstrate gradient TNTs are promising for high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yanran Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangyang Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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9
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Pawlik A, Socha RP, Hubalek Kalbacova M, Sulka GD. Surface modification of nanoporous anodic titanium dioxide layers for drug delivery systems and enhanced SAOS-2 cell response. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:58-66. [PMID: 30007219 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, titanium and its alloys are the most commonly used implantable materials. The surface topography and chemistry of titanium-based implants are responsible for osseointegration. One of the methods to improve biocompatibility of Ti implants is a modification with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). In the present study, anodic titanium dioxide (ATO) layers were electrochemically fabricated, and then immersed in a NaOH solution or in NaOH and APTES solutions. The functionalized samples were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All samples were examined as drug delivery systems and scaffolds for cell culturing. Based on the parameters of the fitted desorption-desorption-diffusion (DDD) model parameters, it was concluded that the modification with NaOH increased the amount of released ibuprofen and inhibited the release process. Osteoblast-like cell line (SAOS-2) was used to investigate the cell response on the non-modified and modified ATO samples. The MTS test and immunofluorescent staining were carried out to examine cell adhesion and proliferation. The data showed that the modification of nanoporous TiO2 layers with small molecules such as APTES enhanced metabolic activity of adhered cells compared with the non-modified and NaOH-modified TiO2 layers. In addition, the cells had a polygonal-like morphology with distinct projecting actin filaments and were well dispersed over the whole analyzed surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawlik
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert P Socha
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marie Hubalek Kalbacova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 5, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Grzegorz D Sulka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30387 Krakow, Poland.
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10
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Li T, Gulati K, Wang N, Zhang Z, Ivanovski S. Understanding and augmenting the stability of therapeutic nanotubes on anodized titanium implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 88:182-195. [PMID: 29636134 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Titanium is an ideal material choice for orthopaedic and dental implants, and hence a significant amount of research has been focused towards augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of titanium surfaces. More recently the focus has shifted to nano-engineered implants fabricated via anodization to generate self-ordered nanotubular structures composed of titania (TiO2). These structures (titania nanotubes/TNTs) enable local drug delivery and tailorable cellular modulation towards achieving desirable effects like enhanced osseointegration and antibacterial action. However, the mechanical stability of such modifications is often ignored and remains underexplored, and any delamination or breakage in the TNTs modification can initiate toxicity and lead to severe immuno-inflammatory reactions. This review details and critically evaluates the progress made in relation to this aspect of TNT based implants, with a focus on understanding the interface between TNTs and the implant surface, treatments aimed at augmenting mechanical stability and strategies for advanced mechanical testing within the bone micro-environment ex vivo and in vivo. This review article extends the existing knowledge in this domain of TNTs implant technology and will enable improved understanding of the underlying parameters that contribute towards mechanically robust nano-engineered implants that can withstand the forces associated with implant surgical placement and the load bearing experienced at the bone/implant interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Karan Gulati
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston Qld 4006, Australia.
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston Qld 4006, Australia.
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11
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Gulati K, Ivanovski S. Dental implants modified with drug releasing titania nanotubes: therapeutic potential and developmental challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:1009-1024. [PMID: 27892717 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1266332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transmucosal nature of dental implants presents a unique therapeutic challenge, requiring not only rapid establishment and subsequent maintenance of osseointegration, but also the formation of resilient soft tissue integration. Key challenges in achieving long-term success are sub-optimal bone integration in compromised bone conditions and impaired trans-mucosal tissue integration in the presence of a persistent oral microbial biofilm. These challenges can be targeted by employing a drug-releasing implant modification such as TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs), engineered on titanium surfaces via electrochemical anodization. Areas covered: This review focuses on applications of TNT-based dental implants towards achieving optimal therapeutic efficacy. Firstly, the functions of TNT implants will be explored in terms of their influence on osseointegration, soft tissue integration and immunomodulation. Secondly, the developmental challenges associated with such implants are reviewed including sterilization, stability and toxicity. Expert opinion: The potential of TNTs is yet to be fully explored in the context of the complex oral environment, including appropriate modulation of alveolar bone healing, immune-inflammatory processes, and soft tissue responses. Besides long-term in vivo assessment under masticatory loading conditions, investigating drug-release profiles in vivo and addressing various technical challenges are required to bridge the gap between research and clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Gulati
- a School of Dentistry and Oral Health , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,b Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) Group, Understanding Chronic Conditions (UCC) Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- a School of Dentistry and Oral Health , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,b Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) Group, Understanding Chronic Conditions (UCC) Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
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Junkar I, Kulkarni M, Drašler B, Rugelj N, Mazare A, Flašker A, Drobne D, Humpolíček P, Resnik M, Schmuki P, Mozetič M, Iglič A. Influence of various sterilization procedures on TiO2 nanotubes used for biomedical devices. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 109:79-86. [PMID: 26900885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sterilization is the final surface treatment procedure of all implantable devices and is one of the key factors which have to be considered before implementation. Since different sterilization procedures for all implantable devices influence mechanical properties as well as biological response, the influence of different sterilization techniques on titanium nanotubes was studied. Commonly used sterilization techniques such as autoclaving, ultra-violet light sterilization, hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization as well as the not so frequently used gaseous oxygen plasma sterilization were used. Three different nanotube diameters; 15 nm, 50 nm and 100 nm were employed to study the effects of various sterilization techniques. It was observed that autoclave sterilization resulted in destruction of nanotubular features on all three studied nanotube diameters, while UV-light and both kinds of plasma sterilization did not cause any significant morphological changes on the surfaces. Differences between the sterilization techniques employed influenced cytocompatibility, especially in the case of nanotubes with 100 nm diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ita Junkar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Mukta Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Drašler
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Rugelj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anca Mazare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ajda Flašker
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Ovcirnou 3685, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Matic Resnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Patrik Schmuki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miran Mozetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
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Beltrán-Partida E, Valdez-Salas B, Escamilla A, Curiel M, Valdez-Salas E, Nedev N, Bastidas JM. Disinfection of titanium dioxide nanotubes using super-oxidized water decrease bacterial viability without disrupting osteoblast behavior. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 60:239-245. [PMID: 26706527 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs) on Ti6Al4V alloy were synthesized by anodization using a commercially available super-oxidized water (SOW). The NT surfaces were sterilized by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and disinfected using SOW. The adhesion and cellular morphology of pig periosteal osteoblast (PPO) cells and the behavior of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) cultured on the sterilized and disinfected surfaces were investigated. A non-anodized Ti6Al4V disc sterilized by UV irradiation (without SOW) was used as control. The results of this study reveal that the adhesion, morphology and filopodia development of PPO cells in NTs are dramatically improved, suggesting that SOW cleaning may not disrupt the benefits obtained by NTs. Significantly decreased bacterial viability in NTs after cleaning with SOW and comparing with non-cleaned NTs was seen. The results suggest that UV and SOW could be a recommendable method for implant sterilization and disinfection without altering osteoblast behavior while decreasing bacterial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Beltrán-Partida
- Department of Biomaterials, Dental Materials and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Av. Zotoluca and Chinampas St., 21040 Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico; Department of Corrosion and Materials, Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juarez and Normal St., 21280 Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valdez-Salas
- Department of Corrosion and Materials, Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juarez and Normal St., 21280 Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Alan Escamilla
- Department of Corrosion and Materials, Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juarez and Normal St., 21280 Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Mario Curiel
- Department of Corrosion and Materials, Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juarez and Normal St., 21280 Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Valdez-Salas
- Ixchel Medical Centre, Av. Bravo y Obregón, 21000 Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Nicola Nedev
- Department of Corrosion and Materials, Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juarez and Normal St., 21280 Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jose M Bastidas
- National Centre for Metallurgical Research, CSIC, Av. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Titania nanotubes from weak organic acid electrolyte: fabrication, characterization and oxide film properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 49:567-578. [PMID: 25686985 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated using anodic oxidation in fluoride containing weak organic acid for different durations (0.5h, 1h, 2h and 3h). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs reveal that the morphology of titanium oxide varies with anodization time. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the as-formed oxide nanotubes were amorphous in nature, yet transform into crystalline phases (anatase and rutile) upon annealing at 600°C. Wettability measurements show that both as-formed and annealed nanotubes exhibited hydrophilic behavior. The electrochemical behavior was ascertained by DC polarization and AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in 0.9% NaCl solution. The results suggest that the annealed nanotubes showed higher impedance (10(5)-10(6)Ωcm(2)) and lower passive current density (10(-7)Acm(-2)) than the as-formed nanotubes. In addition, we investigated the influence of post heat treatment on the semiconducting properties of the oxides by capacitance measurements. In vitro bioactivity test in simulated body fluid (SBF) showed that precipitation of Ca/P is easier in crystallized nanotubes than the amorphous structure. Our study uses a simple strategy to prepare nano-structured titania films and hints the feasibility of tailoring the oxide properties by thermal treatment, producing surfaces with better bioactivity.
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Vetten MA, Yah CS, Singh T, Gulumian M. Challenges facing sterilization and depyrogenation of nanoparticles: effects on structural stability and biomedical applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1391-9. [PMID: 24709329 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines and compares techniques that are currently available for the sterilization of nanoparticles and addresses the topic of endotoxin contamination. Several techniques are available for the removal of microbial contamination from nanoparticles developed for use in nanomedicine applications. These techniques include filtration, autoclaving and irradiation, as well as formaldehyde, ethylene oxide and gas plasma treatments. Of these sterilization methodologies, filtration may potentially remove microbial contamination without altering the physicochemical properties of the carrier nanoparticles, nor affecting their toxicity and functionality. However, no single process may be applied to all nanoparticle preparations and, therefore, it is recommended that each nanoparticle-drug system be validated on a case-by-case basis. From the clinical editor: This comprehensive review covers the currently available methods for removal of microbial contaminations from nanoparticles for nanomedicine applications. The review highlights the pros and cons of each available method. Authors conclude that there is no single best method and recommend a customized approach for each nanoparticle system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Vetten
- Toxicology and Biochemistry Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Clarence S Yah
- Human Sciences Research Council, Newton Park, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tanusha Singh
- Immunology and Microbiology Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Immunology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Toxicology and Biochemistry Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Roman I, Trusca RD, Soare ML, Fratila C, Krasicka-Cydzik E, Stan MS, Dinischiotu A. Titanium dioxide nanotube films: Preparation, characterization and electrochemical biosensitivity towards alkaline phosphatase. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 37:374-82. [PMID: 24582263 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Titania nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared by anodization on different substrates (titanium, Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb alloys) in ethylene glycol and glycerol. The influence of the applied potential and processing time on the nanotube diameter and length is analyzed. The as-formed nanotube layers are amorphous but they become crystalline when subjected to subsequent thermal treatment in air at 550°C; TNT layers grown on titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy substrates consist of anatase and rutile, while those grown on Ti6Al7Nb alloy consist only of anatase. The nanotube layers grown on Ti6Al7Nb alloy are less homogeneous, with supplementary islands of smaller diameter nanotubes, spread across the surface. Better adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts was found for the nanotubes grown on all three substrates by comparison to an unprocessed titanium plate. The sensitivity towards bovine alkaline phosphatase was investigated mainly by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in relation to the crystallinity, the diameter and the nature of the anodization electrolyte of the TNT/Ti samples. The measuring capacity of the annealed nanotubes of 50nm diameter grown in glycerol was demonstrated and the corresponding calibration curve was built for the concentration range of 0.005-0.1mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Roman
- S.C. METAV-Research and Development S.R.L., Bucharest, 31C. A. Rosetti, 020011, Romania.
| | - Roxana Doina Trusca
- S.C. METAV-Research and Development S.R.L., Bucharest, 31C. A. Rosetti, 020011, Romania
| | - Maria-Laura Soare
- S.C. METAV-Research and Development S.R.L., Bucharest, 31C. A. Rosetti, 020011, Romania
| | - Corneliu Fratila
- Research and Development National Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals, Pantelimon, 102 Biruintei, 077145, Romania
| | - Elzbieta Krasicka-Cydzik
- University of Zielona Gora, Department of Biomedical Engineering Division, 9 Licealna, 65-417, Poland
| | - Miruna-Silvia Stan
- University of Bucharest, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 36-46 Mihail Kogalniceanu, 050107, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- University of Bucharest, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 36-46 Mihail Kogalniceanu, 050107, Romania
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Minagar S, Berndt CC, Gengenbach T, Wen C. Fabrication and characterization of TiO2–ZrO2–ZrTiO4nanotubes on TiZr alloy manufactured via anodization. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:71-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Liu X, Zhou W, Wu Y, Cheng Y, Zheng Y. Effect of sterilization process on surface characteristics and biocompatibility of pure Mg and MgCa alloys. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4144-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zheng D, Neoh KG, Shi Z, Kang ET. Assessment of stability of surface anchors for antibacterial coatings and immobilized growth factors on titanium. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 406:238-46. [PMID: 23810547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) has been functionalized with biomolecules for biomedical purposes. However, there is very limited information on the stability of such functionalities. Ti surface functionalized with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) has been reported to inhibit bacterial colonization while at the same time enhances osteoblast functions. In this work, three types of anchoring molecules, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (Silane), dopamine (DA), and polydopamine (PDA), were used for immobilizing the CMCS on Ti. The CMCS-modified surfaces were subjected to 70% ethanol treatment, autoclaving, and prolonged immersion in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). After the treatment procedures, the ability of the CMCS-modified substrates to inhibit colonization by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) was assessed to evaluate the stability of the immobilized CMCS. The bacterial adhesion assays showed that the CMCS-DA- and CMCS-PDA-modified Ti remained stable after 70% ethanol treatment, autoclaving, and prolonged immersion in PBS, whereas the CMCS-Silane-modified Ti was less stable after autoclaving and prolonged immersion in PBS. The CMCS-DA- and CMCS-PDA-modified Ti substrates were functionalized with BMP-2 and used to support osteoblast growth. Evaluation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition from osteoblasts cultured on these substrates, which have been treated with 70% ethanol, or subjected to autoclaving, and prolonged immersion in PBS indicated that the immobilized BMP-2 on these surfaces retained its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Kummer KM, Taylor EN, Durmas NG, Tarquinio KM, Ercan B, Webster TJ. Effects of different sterilization techniques and varying anodized TiO₂ nanotube dimensions on bacteria growth. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:677-88. [PMID: 23359494 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection of titanium (Ti)-based orthopedic implants is a growing problem due to the ability of bacteria to develop a resistance to today's antibiotics. As an attempt to develop a new strategy to combat bacteria functions, Ti was anodized in the present study to possess different diameters of nanotubes. It is reported here for the first time that Ti anodized to possess 20 nm tubes then followed by heat treatment to remove fluorine deposited from the HF anodization electrolyte solution significantly reduced both S. aureus and S. epidermidis growth compared to unanodized Ti controls. It was further found that the sterilization method used for both anodized nanotubular Ti and conventional Ti played an important role in the degree of bacteria growth on these substrates. Overall, UV light and ethanol sterilized samples decreased bacteria growth, while autoclaving resulted in the highest amount of bacteria growth. In summary, this study indicated that through a simple and inexpensive process, Ti can be anodized to possess 20 nm tubes that no matter how sterilized (UV light, ethanol soaking, or autoclaving) reduces bacteria growth and, thus, shows great promise as an antibacterial implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Kummer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Nano size effects of TiO2 nanotube array on the glioma cells behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 14:244-54. [PMID: 23344031 PMCID: PMC3565261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the interplay between the cells and TiO2 nanotube array, and to explore the ability of cells to sense the size change in nano-environment, we reported on the behavior of glioma C6 cells on nanotube array coatings in terms of proliferation and apoptosis. The behavior of glioma C6 cells was obviously size-dependent on the coatings; the caliber with 15 nm diameter provided effective spacing to improve the cells proliferation and enhanced the cellular activities. C6 cells’ biological behaviors showed many similar tendencies to many phorocytes; the matching degree of geometry between nanotube and integrin defined that a spacing of 15 nm was optimal for inducing signals to nucleus, which results in achieving maximum activity of glioma cells. In addition, the immune behavior of cells was studied, a variety of inflammatory mediator’s gene expression levels were controlled by the nanoscale dimension, the expressions of IL-6 and IL-10 were higher on 30 nm than on 15 nm nanotube.
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