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Lone SB, Zeeshan R, Khadim H, Khan MA, Khan AS, Asif A. Synthesis, monomer conversion, and mechanical properties of polylysine based dental composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106398. [PMID: 38237205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to synthesize a new bioactive and antibacterial composite by incorporating reactive calcium phosphate and antibacterial polylysine into a resin matrix and evaluate the effect of these fillers on structural analysis, degree of monomer conversion, mechanical properties, and bioactivity of these newly developed polypropylene based dental composites. METHODOLOGY Stock monomers were prepared by mixing urethane dimethacrylate and polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate and combined with 40 wt% silica to make experimental control (E-C). The other three experimental groups contained a fixed percentage of silica (40 wt%), monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, and β-tri calcium phosphate (5 wt% each) with varying amounts of polylysine (PL). These groups include E-CCP0 (0 wt% PL), E-CCP5 (5 wt% PL) and E-CCP10 (10 wt% PL). The commercial control used was Filtek™ Z250 3M ESPE. The degree of conversion was assessed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Compressive strength and Vicker's micro hardness testing were evaluated after 24 h of curing the samples. For bioactivity, prepared samples were placed in simulated body fluid for 0, 1, 7, and 28 days and were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). SPSS 23 was used to analyze the data and one-way ANOVA and post hoc tukey's test were done, where the significant level was set ≤0.05. RESULTS Group E-C showed better mechanical properties than other experimental and commercial control groups. Group E-C showed the highest degree of conversion (72.72 ± 1.69%) followed by E-CCP0 (72.43 ± 1.47%), Z250 (72.26 ± 1.75%), E-CCP10 (71.07 ± 0.19%), and lowest value was shown by E-CCP5 (68.85 ± 7.23%). In shear bond testing the maximum value was obtained by E-C. The order in decreasing value of bond strength is E-C (8.13 ± 3.5 MPa) > Z250 (2.15 ± 1.1 MPa) > E-CCP10 (2.08 ± 2.1 MPa) > E-CCP5 (0.94 ± 0.8 MPa) > E-CCP0 (0.66 ± 0.2 MPa). In compressive testing, the maximum strength was observed by commercial control i.e., Z250 (210.36 ± 18 MPa) and E-C (206.55 ± 23 MPa), followed by E-CCP0 (108.06 ± 19 MPa), E-CCP5 (94.16 ± 9 MPa), and E-CCP10 (80.80 ± 13 MPa). The maximum number of hardness was shown by E-C (93.04 ± 8.23) followed by E-CCP0 (38.93 ± 9.21) > E-CCP10 (35.21 ± 12.31) > E-CCP5 (34.34 ± 12.49) > Z250 (25 ± 2.61). SEM images showed that the maximum apatite layer as shown by E-CCP10 and the order followed as E-CCP10 > E-CCP5 > E-CCP0 >Z250> E-C. CONCLUSION The experimental formulation showed an optimal degree of conversion with compromised mechanical properties when the polylysine percentage was increased. Apatite layer formation and polylysine at the interface may result in remineralization and ultimately lead to the prevention of secondary caries formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Bano Lone
- Department of Dental Materials, Rashid Latif Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Zeeshan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hina Khadim
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Khan
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anila Asif
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Kazemi M, Navarchian AH, Ahangaran F. Effects of silica surface modification with silane and poly(ethylene glycol) on flexural strength, protein-repellent, and antibacterial properties of acrylic dental nanocomposites. Dent Mater 2023; 39:863-871. [PMID: 37550139 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of the current work was to develop dental acrylic-based composites with protein-repellent and antibacterial properties by using surface-modified silica nanoparticles. The effects of surface modification of silica nanoparticles in protein-repellent and antibacterial activity and mechanical properties of dental composites including flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness were discussed. METHODS The surface of silica nanoparticles was first chemically treated with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as a coupling agent and then with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) bonded to MPS. Dental acrylic-based composites were prepared with mass fractions of 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 % of PEG-modified MPS-silica nanoparticles (PMS). The chemical surface modification of silica nanoparticles with MPS and PEG was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). RESULTS The dental composite containing 20 wt% PMS nanoparticles could reduce the protein adsorption by 28 % as compared with a composite containing 20 wt% MPS-modified silica. The antibacterial test indicated that the PMS nanoparticles can significantly reduce the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and the biofilm formation on the surface of dental composites. It was found that the flexural strength increased by increasing the PMS nanoparticles from 0 to 20 wt% and then decreased by the incorporation of higher percentages of these nanoparticles. Also, with increasing the weight percentage of PMS nanoparticles, the elastic and the flexural modulus and the hardness of resin nanocomposites were increased. SIGNIFICANCE In the current work, for the first time, dental resin composites containing PEG were prepared with excellent protein-repellent and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Kazemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Amir H Navarchian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ahangaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran; Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 68151-44316, Iran
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James J, Thomas GV, Sisanth KS, Maria HJ, Rouxel D, Strankowski M, Kalarikkal N, Laroze D, Oluwafemi OS, Volova T, Thomas S. Super tough interpenetrating polymeric network of styrene butadiene
rubber‐poly
(methyl methacrylate) incorporated with general purpose carbon black (
N660
). J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose James
- Research and Post‐Graduate Department of Chemistry St. Joseph's College Moolamattom Kerala India
- Schoool of Energy Materials and International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - George Vazhathara Thomas
- Research and Post‐Graduate Department of Chemistry St. Joseph's College Moolamattom Kerala India
| | - Krishanagegham Sidharathan Sisanth
- Schoool of Energy Materials and International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Hanna Joseph Maria
- Schoool of Energy Materials and International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Didier Rouxel
- Institute of Jean Lamour‐UMR CNRS 7198 Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Nancy Cedex France
| | - Michal Strankowski
- Department of Polymer Technology Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- Schoool of Energy Materials and International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
- School of Pure and Applied Physics Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - David Laroze
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, CEDENNA Universidad de Tarapacá Arica Chile
| | | | - Tatiana Volova
- Department of Biotechnology Siberian Federal University Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Schoool of Energy Materials and International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
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Mazinani A, Zare K, Moradi O, Attar H. Sulfonated calixarene modified Poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles:A promising adsorbent for Removal of Vanadium Ions from aqueous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134459. [PMID: 35367226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based nanoparticle was synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method and then post modified with Calixarene using (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane organo-silane as a linker after OH-treatment. The prepared structure was applied for efficient adsorption of Vanadium ions in the aqueous solution after characterization by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, DLS, and EDX. Additional investigations discovered that the prepared adsorbent has a good capacity to adsorb vanadium ions. The effect of key experimental factors was studied to find the optimal point of adsorbent efficiency including the initial concentration of analyte, sorbent dosage, pH of the solution, contact time, and type/quantity of the eluents. It was specified, the maximum adsorption capacity for the synthesized nanoparticles was obtained about 322 mg g-1. The adsorption mechanism was revealed that the model of Langmuir isotherm well-matched compared to the others due to the calculated equilibrium data. Besides, the kinetics of the adsorption process was fitted with pseudo-second-order. Eventually, the prepared adsorbent was successfully applied in vanadium adsorption from real water media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mazinani
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Attar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering and Technology Faculty, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Carpio D, Torres O, Carvalho O, Silva F, Henriques B, Özcan M, Souza JCM. The influence of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure: an integrative review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5575-5594. [PMID: 35767045 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to perform an integrative review on the effect the inorganic fillers on the light transmission through the resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure. METHOD A bibliographic review was performed on PubMed using the following search terms: "fillers" OR "particle" AND "light curing" OR "polymerization" AND "light transmission" OR "light absorption" OR "light irradiance" OR "light attenuation" OR "light diffusion" AND "resin composite." The search involved articles published in English language in the last 10 years. RESULTS Selected studies reported a decrease in biaxial strength and hardness in traditional resin-matrix composites in function of the depth of polymerization. However, there were no significant differences in biaxial strength and hardness recorded along the polymerization depth of Bulk-Fill™ composites. Strength and hardness were enhanced by increasing the size and content of inorganic fillers although some studies revealed a progressive decrease in the degree of conversion on increasing silica particle size. The translucency of glass-ceramic spherical fillers promoted light diffusion mainly in critical situations such as in the case of deep proximal regions of resin-matrix composites. CONCLUSIONS The amount of light transmitted through the resin-matrix composites is influenced by the size, content, microstructure, and shape of the inorganic filler particles. The decrease of the degree of conversion affects negatively the physical and mechanical properties of the resin-matrix composites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The type and content of inorganic fillers in the chemical composition of resin-matrix composites do affect their polymerization. As a consequence, the clinical performance of resin-matrix composites can be compromised leading to variable physical properties and degradation. The polymerization mode of resin-matrix composites can be improved according to the type of inorganic fillers in their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Daniela Carpio
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Torres
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Oscar Carvalho
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Dental Materials Unit, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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Yao S, Qin L, Wang Z, Zhu L, Zhou C, Wu J. Novel nanoparticle-modified multifunctional microcapsules with self-healing and antibacterial activities for dental applications. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1301-1315. [PMID: 35718598 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although microcapsules (MCs) have been used for dental resins to achieve self-healing capabilities, the fragile organic shell and single healing event functions during the service period limit their use. Herein, a novel nanoparticle-modified MC with a nano-antibacterial inorganic filler (NIF) containing a quaternary ammonium salt was synthesized to address these issues. METHODS MCs with 0 %-30 % NIFs were prepared via an in situ polymerization method and characterized their morphology, chemical composition, thermal stability, roughness, mechanical properties, and antibacterial effect. Subsequently, M-10 MCs were mixed into the resin matrix at a mass fraction of 7.5 %. The self-healing capability and cytotoxicity were evaluated. RESULTS The introduction of nanomaterials enhances the shell of the MCs and endows them with an antibacterial effect. With the addition of NIFs, the roughness, modulus, and hardness values of MCs all increased (p < 0.05). The presence of M-10 MCs reduced the CFU by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared to the control group. The dental resin containing 7.5 % M-10 MCs obtained almost 69 % self-healing efficiency, without significantly compromising cell viability (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Self-healing MCs with NIFs were prepared for the first time with strong antibacterial properties, a substantial self-healing capability, and low toxicity. This multifunctional MC is a promising candidate for use in dental resins to extend the service life and resolve the problem of bulk fracture and secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ludan Qin
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Chuanjian Zhou
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Junling Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Jaber Nasrollah Gavgani, Heidari H, Adelnia H, Eslami H. Synthesis of Polymer Nanoparticles in the Presence of Diatoms as Sustainable Bio-Templates. COLLOID JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x22330018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Towards the development of self-healing and antibacterial dental nanocomposites via incorporation of novel acrylic microcapsules. Dent Mater 2022; 38:858-873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vuksanović MM, Egelja A, Barudžija T, Tomić N, Petrović M, Marinković A, Radojević V, Heinemann RJ. Inorganically modified particles FeAl-LDH@SiO 2 as reinforcement in poly (methyl) methacrylate matrix composite. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210835. [PMID: 34631123 PMCID: PMC8479365 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silica particles were obtained from rice husk to which layered double hydroxide particles were deposited (weight ratio 1 : 1). Fe2+-Al3+ layered double hydroxides (FeAl-LDH) were synthesized by co-precipitation with ratios Fe : Al of 3 : 1 in the presence of SiO2 particles from the rice husk. Characterization of the synthesized FeAl-LDH@SiO2 particles was performed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with EDS. Prepared FeAl-LDH@SiO2 particles were used as reinforcing agents in 1, 3 and 5 wt% quantity in poly (methyl) methacrylate matrix. The aim of this study was to examine whether FeAl-LDH@SiO2 particles affect the mechanical properties of polymer composite materials. The morphology of the composites was examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope. Microindentation, tensile and impact testing determined the mechanical properties of the obtained composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija M. Vuksanović
- Department of Chemical Dynamics and Permanent Education, ‘VINČA’ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Adela Egelja
- Department of Chemical Dynamics and Permanent Education, ‘VINČA’ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Barudžija
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Condensed Matter Physic, ‘VINČA’ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Tomić
- Innovation Centre of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Petrović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Marinković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Radojević
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Jančić Heinemann
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
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Szewczyk A, Skwira A, Ginter M, Tajer D, Prokopowicz M. Microwave-Assisted Fabrication of Mesoporous Silica-Calcium Phosphate Composites for Dental Application. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E53. [PMID: 33375650 PMCID: PMC7796352 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the microwave-assisted wet precipitation method was used to obtain materials consisting of mesoporous silica (SBA-15) and calcium orthophosphates (CaP). Composites were prepared through immersion of mesoporous silica in different calcification coating solutions and then exposed to microwave radiation. The composites were characterized in terms of molecular structure, crystallinity, morphology, chemical composition, and mineralization potential by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The application of microwave irradiation resulted in the formation of different types of calcium orthophosphates such as calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), octacalcium phosphate (OCP), and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) on the SBA-15 surface, depending on the type of coating solution. The composites for which the progressive formation of hydroxyapatite during incubation in simulated body fluid was observed were further used in the production of final pharmaceutical forms: membranes, granules, and pellets. All of the obtained pharmaceutical forms preserved mineralization properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.G.); (D.T.)
| | - Adrianna Skwira
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.G.); (D.T.)
| | - Marta Ginter
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.G.); (D.T.)
- Scientific Circle of Students, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Polland
| | - Donata Tajer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.G.); (D.T.)
- Scientific Circle of Students, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Polland
| | - Magdalena Prokopowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.G.); (D.T.)
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Potdar SB, Praveen BVS, Sonawane SH. Sonochemical approach for synthesis of zinc oxide-poly methyl methacrylate hybrid nanoparticles and its application in corrosion inhibition. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 68:105200. [PMID: 32512431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) with zinc oxide and polymethyl metha acrylate (inorganic/ polymer) were synthesized through the exploitation of ultrasound approach. The synthesized HNPs were further characterized employing transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. ZnO-PMMA based HNPs exhibit excellent protection properties to mild steel from corrosion when gets exposed to acidic condition. Electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS) analysis was accomplished to evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance of MS panel coated with 2 wt% or 4 wt% of HNPs and its comparison with bare panel and that of loaded with only standard epoxy coating., Tafel plot and Nyquist plot analysis depicted that the corrosion current density (Icorr) decreases from 16.7 A/m2 for bare material to 0.103 A/m2 for 4% coating of HNPs. Applied potential (Ecorr) values shifted from negative to positive side. These results were further supported by qualitative analysis. The images taken over a period of time indicated the increase in lifetime of MS panel from 2 to 3 days for bare panel to 10 days for HNPs coated panel, showing that ZnO-PMMA HNPs have potential application in metal protection from corrosion by forming a passive layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital B Potdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana State 506 004, India
| | - B V S Praveen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, B.V. Raju Institute of Technology, Telangana State 502 313, India
| | - Shirish H Sonawane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana State 506 004, India.
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Roshanali M, Nodehi A, Atai M. Synthesis and characterization of core-shell nanoparticles and their application in dental resins. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103926. [PMID: 32957221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize acrylic core-shell particles and silica-loaded core-shell hybrid particles through emulsion polymerization. Also this work examined the influence of synthesized nanoparticles loading in a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin matrix on some mechanical properties of the dental composite resins. Core-shell particles consisting of polybutyl acrylate (PBA) rubbery core and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polystyrene (PS) shell were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization. For preparing the core-shell hybrid particles, first silica particles with diameters of about 68 nm were synthesized based on the Stöber process. Then the surface of silica particles was treated with ɣ-MPS. Afterwards, polymeric shell was coated on silica nanoparticles through emulsion polymerization. The morphology of core-shell particles was examined by SEM/TEM. Mechanical properties (fracture toughness, flexural strength and flexural modulus) of the photo-cured Bis-GMA/TEGDMA dental resins/composites filled with different mass fractions of synthesized nanoparticles were tested, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the statistical analysis of the acquired data. Formation of glassy shell on PBA core in core-shell particles, grafting of ɣ -MPS onto the silica particles and encapsulation of modified silica by polymeric shell in core-shell hybrid particles were confirmed using various analytical techniques. The results of mechanical tests showed that fracture toughness of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA dental resins improved about 35% by the inclusion of 5 wt% silica-loaded core-shell hybrid particles with little effect on flexural strength. This study shows that incorporation of proper amount of hybrid core-shell particles in dental composites can improve their fracture toughness and thus may extend their service life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Roshanali
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P. O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azizollah Nodehi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P. O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Atai
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P. O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
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Aminoroaya A, Esmaeely Neisiany R, Nouri Khorasani S, Panahi P, Das O, Ramakrishna S. A Review of Dental Composites: Methods of Characterizations. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3713-3744. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Aminoroaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
| | - Saied Nouri Khorasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Parisa Panahi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Oisik Das
- Material Science Division, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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Yadav R, Kumar M. Dental restorative composite materials: A review. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:78-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Raorane DV, Chaughule RS, Pednekar SR, Lokur A. Experimental synthesis of size-controlled TiO 2 nanofillers and their possible use as composites in restorative dentistry. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:194-203. [PMID: 30983829 PMCID: PMC6445524 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to obtain an efficient protocol with a green, fast and facile way to synthesize TiO2 NPs and its application as fillers for enhancement of desired dental properties of light curing dental composites. A comparative study comprised the fabrication of light curing restorative composite materials with incorporating different fillers with varying wt%, varying resin material composition, to determine optimal dental restoration by focusing on the physical properties of dental materials. It was observed that the as-prepared green synthesized TiO2 nanohybrid particles contributed to the improvement in physical properties, thus promoting the green and rapid synthesis of nanohybrid fillers. In addition, mechanical values for experimental cured resin materials with bare and surface modified fillers were obtained. The experimental light curing nanocomposites with 5 wt% (wt%) nanohybrid surface modified filler particles with BisGMA (60 wt%), TEGDMA (20 wt%) and UDMA (20 wt%) resin composition provided increased physical strength and durability with higher compressive stress 195.56 MPa and flexural stress 83.30 MPa. Furthermore, the dental property, such as polymerization shrinkage (PS) obtained from volumetric method was decreased up to 3.4% by the addition of nano-hybrid fillers. In addition to this, the biocompatible and antimicrobial nature of TiO2 and its aesthetics properties such as tooth-like color makes TiO2 favorable to use as fillers. This study presents a green and facile method for the synthesis of TiO2 nanohybrid particles that can be successfully used as fillers in an experimental light curing resin matrix for enhancing its dental properties. This describes the potential of the green synthesized TiO2 nanohybrid particles to use as fillers in restorative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika V. Raorane
- Department of Chemistry, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ramesh S. Chaughule
- Department of Chemistry, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Suhas R. Pednekar
- University of Mumbai, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Fort, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400032, India
| | - Anushree Lokur
- Department of Microbiology, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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Chen S, Yang J, Li K, Lu B, Ren L. Carboxylic acid-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticle-loaded PMMA/PEEK copolymer matrix as a dental resin for 3D complete denture manufacturing by stereolitographic technique. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1534125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenggui Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Junzhong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kaiwu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bingheng Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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17
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Engineered nanomaterials and human health: Part 1. Preparation, functionalization and characterization (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field, as evidenced by the large number of publications on the synthesis, characterization, and biological/environmental effects of new nano-sized materials. The unique, size-dependent properties of nanomaterials have been exploited in a diverse range of applications and in many examples of nano-enabled consumer products. In this account we focus on Engineered Nanomaterials (ENM), a class of deliberately designed and constructed nano-sized materials. Due to the large volume of publications, we separated the preparation and characterisation of ENM from applications and toxicity into two interconnected documents. Part 1 summarizes nanomaterial terminology and provides an overview of the best practices for their preparation, surface functionalization, and analytical characterization. Part 2 (this issue, Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(8): 1325–1356) focuses on ENM that are used in products that are expected to come in close contact with consumers. It reviews nanomaterials used in therapeutics, diagnostics, and consumer goods and summarizes current nanotoxicology challenges and the current state of nanomaterial regulation, providing insight on the growing public debate on whether the environmental and social costs of nanotechnology outweigh its potential benefits.
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Nazarabady MM, Farzi G. Morphology control to design p(acrylic acid)/silica nanohybrids with controlled mechanical properties. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Illangakoon UE, Mahalingam S, Matharu RK, Edirisinghe M. Evolution of Surface Nanopores in Pressurised Gyrospun Polymeric Microfibers. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100508. [PMID: 30965811 PMCID: PMC6418950 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of a solvent or solvent system and the ensuing polymer–solvent interactions are crucial factors affecting the preparation of fibers with multiple morphologies. A range of poly(methylmethacrylate) fibers were prepared by pressurised gyration using acetone, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), ethyl acetate and dichloromethane as solvents. It was found that microscale fibers with surface nanopores were formed when using chloroform, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane and poreless fibers were formed when using acetone and DMF as the solvent. These observations are explained on the basis of the physical properties of the solvents and mechanisms of pore formation. The formation of porous fibers is caused by many solvent properties such as volatility, solubility parameters, vapour pressure and surface tension. Cross-sectional images show that the nanopores are only on the surface of the fibers and they were not inter-connected. Further, the results show that fibers with desired nanopores (40–400 nm) can be prepared by carefully selecting the solvent and applied pressure in the gyration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Eranka Illangakoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | | | - Rupy K Matharu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
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Effect of CePO4 nanostructures in transparent PMMA/castor-oil based PU IPNs on thermal stability, optical and mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Niem T, Schmidt A, Wöstmann B. Bonding resin thixotropy and viscosity influence on dentine bond strength. J Dent 2016; 51:21-8. [PMID: 27234437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of bonding resin thixotropy and viscosity on dentine tubule penetration, blister formation and consequently on dentine bond strength as a function of air-blowing pressure (air-bp) intensity. METHODS Two HEMA-free, acetone-based, one-bottle self-etch adhesives with similar composition except disparate silica filler contents and different bonding resin viscosities were investigated. The high-filler-containing adhesive (G-Bond) featured a lower viscous bonding resin with inherent thixotropic resin (TR) properties compared to the low-filler-containing adhesive (iBond) exhibiting a higher viscous bonding resin with non-thixotropic resin (NTR) properties. Shear bond strength tests for each adhesive with low (1.5bar; 0.15MPa; n=16) and high (3.0bar; 0.30MPa; n=16) air-bp application were performed after specimen storage in distilled water (24h; 37.0±1.0°C). Results were analysed using a Student's t-test to identify statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Fracture surfaces of TR adhesive specimens were morphologically characterised by SEM. RESULTS Statistically significant bond strength differences were obtained for the thixotropic resin adhesive (high-pressure: 24.6MPa, low-pressure: 9.6MPa). While high air-bp specimens provided SEM images revealing resin-plugged dentine tubules, resin tags and only marginally blister structures, low air-bp left copious droplets and open dentine tubules. In contrast, the non-thixotropic resin adhesive showed no significant bond strength differences (high-pressure: 9.3MPa, low-pressure: 7.6MPa). CONCLUSIONS A pressure-dependent distinct influence of bonding resin thixotropy and viscosity on dentine bond strength has been demonstrated. Stronger adhesion with high air-bp application is explained by improved resin fluidity and facilitated resin penetration into dentine tubules. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Filler particles used in adhesive systems may induce thixotropic effects in bonding resin layers, accounting for improved free-flowing resin properties. In combination with high air-bp this effect allows an easy plugging of dentine tubules and elimination of blister structures, both resulting in superior dentine bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Niem
- Department of Prosthodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Wöstmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Li J, He Q, Xu R, Hu B. Cyanate Ester/Functionalized Silica Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization and Properties. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Besinis A, De Peralta T, Tredwin CJ, Handy RD. Review of nanomaterials in dentistry: interactions with the oral microenvironment, clinical applications, hazards, and benefits. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2255-2289. [PMID: 25625290 DOI: 10.1021/nn505015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as either nanomedicines or dental materials/devices in clinical dentistry is growing. This review aims to detail the ultrafine structure, chemical composition, and reactivity of dental tissues in the context of interactions with ENMs, including the saliva, pellicle layer, and oral biofilm; then describes the applications of ENMs in dentistry in context with beneficial clinical outcomes versus potential risks. The flow rate and quality of saliva are likely to influence the behavior of ENMs in the oral cavity, but how the protein corona formed on the ENMs will alter bioavailability, or interact with the structure and proteins of the pellicle layer, as well as microbes in the biofilm, remains unclear. The tooth enamel is a dense crystalline structure that is likely to act as a barrier to ENM penetration, but underlying dentinal tubules are not. Consequently, ENMs may be used to strengthen dentine or regenerate pulp tissue. ENMs have dental applications as antibacterials for infection control, as nanofillers to improve the mechanical and bioactive properties of restoration materials, and as novel coatings on dental implants. Dentifrices and some related personal care products are already available for oral health applications. Overall, the clinical benefits generally outweigh the hazards of using ENMs in the oral cavity, and the latter should not prevent the responsible innovation of nanotechnology in dentistry. However, the clinical safety regulations for dental materials have not been specifically updated for ENMs, and some guidance on occupational health for practitioners is also needed. Knowledge gaps for future research include the formation of protein corona in the oral cavity, ENM diffusion through clinically relevant biofilms, and mechanistic investigations on how ENMs strengthen the tooth structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy De Peralta
- ‡Plymouth University Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park, Plymouth PL6 8BU, U.K
| | - Christopher J Tredwin
- ‡Plymouth University Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park, Plymouth PL6 8BU, U.K
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Gu X, Song X, Zhang Y, Sun H, Kong XZ, Fu C, Cui S, Zhang Z. A green approach to crosslinked polymer microspheres with undoped methacrylate monomers and their potential application as dental restorative materials. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01788b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure polymer microspheres with undoped methacrylate monomers were prepared and firstly applied as organic fillers for dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Gu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients
- Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations
- College of Medicine and Nursing
- Dezhou University
- Dezhou
| | - Xinfeng Song
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients
- Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations
- College of Medicine and Nursing
- Dezhou University
- Dezhou
| | - Yancong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients
- Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations
- College of Medicine and Nursing
- Dezhou University
- Dezhou
| | - Hanwen Sun
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients
- Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations
- College of Medicine and Nursing
- Dezhou University
- Dezhou
| | - Xiang Zheng Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Chunhua Fu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients
- Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations
- College of Medicine and Nursing
- Dezhou University
- Dezhou
| | - Shuqin Cui
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients
- Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations
- College of Medicine and Nursing
- Dezhou University
- Dezhou
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients
- Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations
- College of Medicine and Nursing
- Dezhou University
- Dezhou
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