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Gu P, Zhu Y, Xu P, Zhao Q, Zhao X, Zhao K, Wang X, Zhang W, Bao Y, Shi W. Poria cocos polysaccharide-loaded Alum Pickering emulsion as vaccine adjuvant to enhance immune responses. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 244:114144. [PMID: 39116600 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Traditional Alum adjuvants mainly elicit a Th2 humoral immune response, but fail to generate a robust Th1 cellular immune response. However, the cellular immune response is essential for vaccination against cancer and a number of chronic infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus infection and tuberculosis. In our previous study, we demonstrated that the polysaccharide from Poria cocos (PCP) has the potential to serve as an immunologic stimulant, enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses. However, this effect was only observed at high concentrations. In this study, to enhance the immune-stimulation effect of PCP and modify the type of immune response elicited by Alum adjuvant, we successfully developed a Pickering emulsion delivery system (PCP-Al-Pickering) using PCP-loaded Alhydrogel particles as the stabilizer. After optimization, the Pickering emulsion exhibited excellent storage capacity and effectively adsorbed the PCP and antigen. As an adjuvant delivery system, the PCP-Al-Pickering emulsion facilitated the antigen uptake by macrophages, increased the recruitment of cells at injection sites, improved the activation of dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes, elicited a potent and durable antibody response, and promoted the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Importantly, the PCP-Al-Pickering emulsion adjuvant elicited a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response, in comparison to Alum adjuvant. The PCP-Al-Pickering emulsion may serve as a safe and promising adjuvant delivery system to enhance immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yixuan Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Panpan Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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Pickering Emulsions Based in Inorganic Solid Particles: From Product Development to Food Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062504. [PMID: 36985475 PMCID: PMC10054141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pickering emulsions (PEs) have attracted attention in different fields, such as food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, mainly due to their good physical stability. PEs are a promising strategy to develop functional products since the particles’ oil and water phases can act as carriers of active compounds, providing multiple combinations potentiating synergistic effects. Moreover, they can answer the sustainable and green chemistry issues arising from using conventional emulsifier-based systems. In this context, this review focuses on the applicability of safe inorganic solid particles as emulsion stabilisers, discussing the main stabilisation mechanisms of oil–water interfaces. In particular, it provides evidence for hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles as Pickering stabilisers, discussing the latest advances. The main technologies used to produce PEs are also presented. From an industrial perspective, an effort was made to list new productive technologies at the laboratory scale and discuss their feasibility for scale-up. Finally, the advantages and potential applications of PEs in the food industry are also described. Overall, this review gathers recent developments in the formulation, production and properties of food-grade PEs based on safe inorganic solid particles.
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Yang D, Feng Y, Yao X, Zhao B, Li D, Liu N, Fang Y, Midgley A, Liu D, Katsuyoshi N. Recent advances in bioactive nanocrystal-stabilized Pickering emulsions: Fabrication, characterization, and biological assessment. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:946-970. [PMID: 36546411 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous literatures have shown the advantages of Pickering emulsion (PE) for the delivery of bioactive ingredients in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics, among others. On this basis, the multi-loading mode of bioactives (internal phase encapsulation and/or loading at the interface) in small molecular bioactives nanocrystal-stabilized PE (BNC-PE) enables them higher loading efficiencies, controlled release, and synergistic or superimposed effects. Therefore, BNC-PE offers an efficacious delivery system. In this review, we briefly summarize BNC-PE fabrication and characterization, with a focus on the processes of possible evolution and absorption of differentially applied BNC-PE when interacting with the body. In addition, methods of monitoring changes and absorption of BNC-PE in vivo, from the nanomaterial perspective, are also introduced. The purpose of this review is to provide an accessible and comprehensive methodology for the characterization and evaluation of BNC-PE after formulation and preparation, especially in relation to biological assessment and detailed mechanisms throughout the absorption process of BNC-PE in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Feng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baofu Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yapeng Fang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adam Midgley
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (MoE), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dechun Liu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nishinari Katsuyoshi
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ahari H, Soufiani SP. Smart and Active Food Packaging: Insights in Novel Food Packaging. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:657233. [PMID: 34305829 PMCID: PMC8299788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.657233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for more healthy foods with longer shelf life has been growing. Food packaging as one of the main aspects of food industries plays a vital role in meeting this demand. Integration of nanotechnology with food packaging systems (FPSs) revealed promising promotion in foods’ shelf life by introducing novel FPSs. In this paper, common classification, functionalities, employed nanotechnologies, and the used biomaterials are discussed. According to our survey, FPSs are classified as active food packaging (AFP) and smart food packaging (SFP) systems. The functionality of both systems was manipulated by employing nanotechnologies, such as metal nanoparticles and nanoemulsions, and appropriate biomaterials like synthetic polymers and biomass-derived biomaterials. “Degradability and antibacterial” and “Indicating and scavenging” are the well-known functions for AFP and SFP, respectively. The main purpose is to make a multifunctional FPS to increase foods’ shelf life and produce environmentally friendly and smart packaging without any hazard to human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ahari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz P Soufiani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Chen L, Ao F, Ge X, Shen W. Food-Grade Pickering Emulsions: Preparation, Stabilization and Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E3202. [PMID: 32674301 PMCID: PMC7397194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Pickering emulsions have emerged as a new method and have attracted much attention in the fields of food sciences. Unlike conventional emulsions, Pickering emulsions are stabilized by solid particles, which can irreversibly adsorb on the oil-water interface to form a dense film to prevent the aggregation of droplets. The research and development of food-grade solid particles are increasingly favored by scientific researchers. Compared with conventional emulsions, Pickering emulsions have many advantages, such as fewer using amounts of emulsifiers, biocompatibility and higher safety, which may offer feasibility to have broad application prospects in a wide range of fields. In this article, we review the preparation methods, stabilization mechanism, degradation of Pickering emulsions. We also summarize its applications in food sciences in recent years and discuss its future prospects and challenges in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Fen Ao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710000, China;
| | - Xuemei Ge
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Wen Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710000, China;
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Wang ZB, Xu J. Better Adjuvants for Better Vaccines: Progress in Adjuvant Delivery Systems, Modifications, and Adjuvant-Antigen Codelivery. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010128. [PMID: 32183209 PMCID: PMC7157724 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional aluminum adjuvants can trigger strong humoral immunity but weak cellular immunity, limiting their application in some vaccines. Currently, various immunomodulators and delivery carriers are used as adjuvants, and the mechanisms of action of some of these adjuvants are clear. However, customizing targets of adjuvant action (cellular or humoral immunity) and action intensity (enhancement or inhibition) according to different antigens selected is time-consuming. Here, we review the adjuvant effects of some delivery systems and immune stimulants. In addition, to improve the safety, effectiveness, and accessibility of adjuvants, new trends in adjuvant development and their modification strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(10)-5224-5008
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