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Kim H, Kwon J, Kim H, Lee S, Kim S, Lee JY, Rahaman KA, Kim T, Lee H, Ok MR, Chung S, Han HS, Kim YC. Controlled Magnesium Ion Delivery via Mg-Sputtered Nerve Conduit for Enhancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2025:e2500063. [PMID: 40289425 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2025] [Revised: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
Autologous nerve grafting remains the gold standard for treating peripheral nerve injuries; however, it is constrained by limited donor nerve availability, the need for secondary surgeries, and sensory loss at the donor site. Biodegradable material-based nerve conduits have emerged as a promising alternative to address these limitations and enhance nerve regeneration. Among these materials, magnesium stands out due to its exceptional biocompatibility, biofunctionality, and neuroprotective properties. Despite its potential, magnesium's rapid corrosion rate and the need for controlled ion release necessitate advanced modifications, such as the development of Mg alloys. However, these approaches often face challenges, including viability concerns and material hardness, which can hinder nerve repair and damage surrounding tissues. In this study, a novel solution is introduced by sputtering magnesium onto a soft collagen sheet, achieving controlled magnesium ion release while preserving the material's nerve-like softness. This Mg-sputtered collagen sheet demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and significantly improves axon regeneration, muscle reinnervation, and functional recovery in a sciatic nerve defect model. These findings highlight the potential of an innovative Mg-based biodegradable nerve conduit, offering transformative applications across various medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kwon
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Khandoker Asiqur Rahaman
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- SKKU-KIST, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Ryul Ok
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- Department of Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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Liu C, Sun M, Lin L, Luo Y, Peng L, Zhang J, Qiu T, Liu Z, Yin J, Yu M. Potentially commercializable nerve guidance conduits for peripheral nerve injury: Past, present, and future. Mater Today Bio 2025; 31:101503. [PMID: 40018056 PMCID: PMC11867546 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Revised: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 01/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are a prevalent global issue that has garnered great concern. Although autografts remain the preferred clinical approach to repair, their efficacy is hampered by factors like donor scarcity. The emergence of nerve guidance conduits as novel tissue engineering tools offers a promising alternative strategy. This review aims to interpret nerve guidance conduits and their commercialization from both clinical and laboratory perspectives. To enhance comprehension of clinical situations, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of the clinical efficacy of nerve conduits approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. It proposes that the initial six months post-transplantation is a critical window period for evaluating their efficacy. Additionally, this study conducts a systematic discussion on the research progress of laboratory conduits, focusing on biomaterials and add-on strategies as pivotal factors for nerve regeneration, as supported by the literature analysis. The clinical conduit materials and prospective optimal materials are thoroughly discussed. The add-on strategies, together with their distinct obstacles and potentials are deeply analyzed. Based on the above evaluations, the development path and manufacturing strategy for the commercialization of nerve guidance conduits are envisioned. The critical conclusion promoting commercialization is summarized as follows: 1) The optimization of biomaterials is the fundamental means; 2) The phased application of additional strategies is the emphasized direction; 3) The additive manufacturing techniques are the necessary tools. As a result, the findings of this research provide academic and clinical practitioners with valuable insights that may facilitate future commercialization endeavors of nerve guidance conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundi Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Mouyuan Sun
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lining Lin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yaxian Luo
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lianjie Peng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jun Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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QingNing S, Mohd Ismail ZI, Ab Patar MNA, Mat Lazim N, Hadie SNH, Mohd Noor NF. The limelight of adipose-derived stem cells in the landscape of neural tissue engineering for peripheral nerve injury. Tissue Cell 2024; 91:102556. [PMID: 39293138 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Challenges in treating peripheral nerve injury include prolonged repair time and insufficient functional recovery. Stem cell therapy coupled with neural tissue engineering has been shown to induce nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. Among these stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are preferred due to their accessibility, expansion, multidirectional differentiation, and production of essential nutrient factors for nerve growth. In recent years, ADSC-laden nerve guide conduit has been utilized to enhance the therapeutic effects of tissue-engineered nerve grafts. This review explores existing research that recognizes the roles played by ADSCs in inducing peripheral nerve regeneration following injury and summarizes the different methods of application of ADSC-laden nerve conduit in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun QingNing
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Department of Rehabilitation, School of Special Education, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China.
| | - Zul Izhar Mohd Ismail
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nor Azim Ab Patar
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Norhafiza Mat Lazim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nurma Hanim Hadie
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Farid Mohd Noor
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Medical Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu 20400, Malaysia.
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Xie Y, Ma C, Zhu Q, Fu T, Bai L, Lan X, Liu L, Xiao J. Facial nerve regeneration via body-brain crosstalk: The role of stem cells and biomaterials. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 200:106650. [PMID: 39197536 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The human body is a complex, integral whole, and disruptions in one organ can lead to dysfunctions in other parts of the organ network. The facial nerve, as the seventh cranial nerve, arises from the brainstem, controls facial expression muscles and plays a crucial role in brain-body communication. This vulnerable nerve can be damaged by trauma, inflammation, tumors, and congenital diseases, often impairing facial expression. Stem cells have gained significant attention for repairing peripheral nerve injuries due to their multidirectional differentiation potential. Additionally, various biomaterials have been used in tissue engineering for regeneration and repair. However, the therapeutic potential of stem cells and biomaterials in treating facial nerve injuries requires further exploration. In this review, we summarize the roles of stem cells and biomaterials in the regeneration and repair of damaged facial nerves, providing a theoretical basis for the recovery and reconstruction of body-brain crosstalk between the brain and facial expression muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Xie
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaorong Lan
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Jingang Xiao
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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5
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Wan T, Li QC, Qin MY, Wang YL, Zhang FS, Zhang XM, Zhang YC, Zhang PX. Strategies for Treating Traumatic Neuromas with Tissue-Engineered Materials. Biomolecules 2024; 14:484. [PMID: 38672500 PMCID: PMC11048257 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroma, a pathological response to peripheral nerve injury, refers to the abnormal growth of nerve tissue characterized by disorganized axonal proliferation. Commonly occurring after nerve injuries, surgeries, or amputations, this condition leads to the formation of painful nodular structures. Traditional treatment options include surgical excision and pharmacological management, aiming to alleviate symptoms. However, these approaches often offer temporary relief without addressing the underlying regenerative challenges, necessitating the exploration of advanced strategies such as tissue-engineered materials for more comprehensive and effective solutions. In this study, we discussed the etiology, molecular mechanisms, and histological morphology of traumatic neuromas after peripheral nerve injury. Subsequently, we summarized and analyzed current nonsurgical and surgical treatment options, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, we emphasized recent advancements in treating traumatic neuromas with tissue-engineered material strategies. By integrating biomaterials, growth factors, cell-based approaches, and electrical stimulation, tissue engineering offers a comprehensive solution surpassing mere symptomatic relief, striving for the structural and functional restoration of damaged nerves. In conclusion, the utilization of tissue-engineered materials has the potential to significantly reduce the risk of neuroma recurrence after surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qi-Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ming-Yu Qin
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215026, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Feng-Shi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi-Chong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- Peking University People’s Hospital Qingdao Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
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Adhikari B, Stager MA, Krebs MD. Cell-instructive biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:660-681. [PMID: 36779265 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of biomaterials aims to improve regenerative outcomes or scientific understanding for a wide range of tissue types and ailments. Biomaterials can be fabricated from natural or synthetic sources and display a plethora of mechanical, electrical, and geometrical properties dependent on their desired application. To date, most biomaterial systems designed for eventual translation to the clinic rely on soluble signaling moieties, such as growth factors, to elicit a specific cellular response. However, these soluble factors are often limited by high cost, convoluted synthesis, low stability, and difficulty in regulation, making the translation of these biomaterials systems to clinical or commercial applications a long and arduous process. In response to this, significant effort has been dedicated to researching cell-directive biomaterials which can signal for specific cell behavior in the absence of soluble factors. Cells of all tissue types have been shown to be innately in tune with their microenvironment, which is a biological phenomenon that can be exploited by researchers to design materials that direct cell behavior based on their intrinsic characteristics. This review will focus on recent developments in biomaterials that direct cell behavior using biomaterial properties such as charge, peptide presentation, and micro- or nano-geometry. These next generation biomaterials could offer significant strides in the development of clinically relevant medical devices which improve our understanding of the cellular microenvironment and enhance patient care in a variety of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Adhikari
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael A Stager
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa D Krebs
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
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Zhang H, Guo J, Wang Y, Shang L, Chai R, Zhao Y. Natural Polymer‐Derived Bioscaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202203829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
Abstract
AbstractIn recent decades, artificial nerve scaffolds have become a promising substitute for peripheral nerve repair. Considerable efforts have been devoted to improving the therapeutic effectiveness of artificial scaffolds. Among numerous biomaterials for tissue engineering scaffolds fabrication, natural polymers are considered as tremendous candidates because of their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, high cell affinity, wide source, and environmental protection. With the development of engineering technology, a variety of natural polymer‐derived nerve scaffolds have emerged, which are endowed with biological properties and appropriate physicochemical performances to gradually adapt to the needs of nerve regeneration. Significantly, the intergradation of exogenous biomolecules onto the artificial scaffolds is able to avoid low stability, rapid degradation, and redistribution of direct therapeutic drugs in vivo, thereby enhancing nerve regeneration and functional reconstruction. Here, the development of nerve scaffolds derived from natural polymers, and their applications in continuous administration and peripheral nerve regeneration are comprehensively and carefully reviewed, providing an advanced perspective of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital School of Life Science and Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital School of Life Science and Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital School of Life Science and Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital Zhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics the International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology) Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health) Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Zhongda Hospital School of Life Sciences Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical Research Southeast University 87# Dingjiaqiao Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital School of Life Science and Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health) Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
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