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Gorantla A, Hall JTVE, Troidle A, Janjic JM. Biomaterials for Protein Delivery: Opportunities and Challenges to Clinical Translation. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:533. [PMID: 38675344 PMCID: PMC11052476 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of biomaterials for protein delivery is an emerging field that spans materials science, bioengineering, and medicine. In this review, we highlight the immense potential of protein-delivering biomaterials as therapeutic options and discuss the multifaceted challenges inherent to the field. We address current advancements and approaches in protein delivery that leverage stimuli-responsive materials, harness advanced fabrication techniques like 3D printing, and integrate nanotechnologies for greater targeting and improved stability, efficacy, and tolerability profiles. We also discuss the demand for highly complex delivery systems to maintain structural integrity and functionality of the protein payload. Finally, we discuss barriers to clinical translation, such as biocompatibility, immunogenicity, achieving reliable controlled release, efficient and targeted delivery, stability issues, scalability of production, and navigating the regulatory landscape for such materials. Overall, this review summarizes insights from a survey of the current literature and sheds light on the interplay between innovation and the practical implementation of biomaterials for protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Gorantla
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA;
| | | | | | - Jelena M. Janjic
- School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA;
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2
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Bakhshandeh B, Ranjbar N, Abbasi A, Amiri E, Abedi A, Mehrabi M, Dehghani Z, Pennisi CP. Recent progress in the manipulation of biochemical and biophysical cues for engineering functional tissues. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10383. [PMID: 36925674 PMCID: PMC10013802 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is currently considered a cutting-edge discipline that offers the potential for developing treatments for health conditions that negatively affect the quality of life. This interdisciplinary field typically involves the combination of cells, scaffolds, and appropriate induction factors for the regeneration and repair of damaged tissue. Cell fate decisions, such as survival, proliferation, or differentiation, critically depend on various biochemical and biophysical factors provided by the extracellular environment during developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action of these factors is critical to accurately mimic the complex architecture of the extracellular environment of living tissues and improve the efficiency of TE approaches. In this review, we recapitulate the effects that biochemical and biophysical induction factors have on various aspects of cell fate. While the role of biochemical factors, such as growth factors, small molecules, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and cytokines, has been extensively studied in the context of TE applications, it is only recently that we have begun to understand the effects of biophysical signals such as surface topography, mechanical, and electrical signals. These biophysical cues could provide a more robust set of stimuli to manipulate cell signaling pathways during the formation of the engineered tissue. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of different types of signals appears to elicit synergistic responses that are likely to improve functional outcomes, which could help translate results into successful clinical therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Nika Ranjbar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Ardeshir Abbasi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Elahe Amiri
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Ali Abedi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mohammad‐Reza Mehrabi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Zahra Dehghani
- Department of Biotechnology, College of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
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Sapru S, Dill MN, Simmons CS. Biomaterial Design Inspired by Regenerative Research Organisms. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022. [PMID: 36222692 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of implanted biomaterials is largely dependent on the response of the host's immune and stromal cells. Severe foreign body response (FBR) can impede the integration of the implant into the host tissue and compromise the intended mechanical and biochemical function. Many features of FBR, including late-stage fibrotic encapsulation of implants, parallel the formation of fibrotic scar tissue after tissue injury. Regenerative organisms like zebrafish and salamanders can avoid fibrosis after injury entirely, but FBR in these research organisms is rarely investigated because their immune competence is much lower than humans. The recent characterization of a regenerative mammal, the spiny mouse (Acomys), has inspired us to take a closer look at cellular regulation in regenerative organisms across the animal kingdom for insights into avoiding FBR in humans. Here, we highlight how major features of regeneration, such as blastema formation, macrophage polarization, and matrix composition, can be modulated across a range of regenerative research organisms to elucidate common features that may be harnessed to minimize FBR. Leveraging a deeper understanding of regenerative biology for biomaterial design may help to reduce FBR and improve device integration and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Sapru
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Michele N Dill
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Chelsey S Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Biomaterial-Mediated Protein Expression Induced by Peptide-mRNA Nanoparticles Embedded in Lyophilized Collagen Scaffolds. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081619. [PMID: 36015245 PMCID: PMC9414905 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In our aging society, the number of patients suffering from poorly healing bone defects increases. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are used in the clinic to promote bone regeneration. However, poor control of BMP delivery and thus activity necessitates high doses, resulting in adverse effects and increased costs. It has been demonstrated that messenger RNA (mRNA) provides a superior alternative to protein delivery due to local uptake and prolonged expression restricted to the site of action. Here, we present the development of porous collagen scaffolds incorporating peptide-mRNA nanoparticles (NPs). Nanoparticles were generated by simply mixing aqueous solutions of the cationic cell-penetrating peptide PepFect14 (PF14) and mRNA. Peptide-mRNA complexes were uniformly distributed throughout the scaffolds, and matrices fully preserved cell attachment and viability. There was a clear dependence of protein expression on the incorporated amount of mRNA. Importantly, after lyophilization, the mRNA formulation in the collagen scaffolds retained activity also at 4 °C over two weeks. Overall, our results demonstrate that collagen scaffolds incorporating peptide-mRNA complexes hold promise as off-the-shelf functional biomaterials for applications in regenerative medicine and constitute a viable alternative to lipid-based mRNA formulations.
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Schindeler A, Lee LR, O'Donohue AK, Ginn SL, Munns CF. Curative Cell and Gene Therapy for Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:826-836. [PMID: 35306687 PMCID: PMC9324990 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) describes a series of genetic bone fragility disorders that can have a substantive impact on patient quality of life. The multidisciplinary approach to management of children and adults with OI primarily involves the administration of antiresorptive medication, allied health (physiotherapy and occupational therapy), and orthopedic surgery. However, advances in gene editing technology and gene therapy vectors bring with them the promise of gene-targeted interventions to provide an enduring or perhaps permanent cure for OI. This review describes emergent technologies for cell- and gene-targeted therapies, major hurdles to their implementation, and the prospects of their future success with a focus on bone disorders. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Schindeler
- Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, the Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Lucinda R Lee
- Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, the Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Alexandra K O'Donohue
- Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, the Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Samantha L Ginn
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - Craig F Munns
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Rajendran AK, Amirthalingam S, Hwang NS. A brief review of mRNA therapeutics and delivery for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8889-8900. [PMID: 35424872 PMCID: PMC8985089 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00713d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutics for bone tissue regeneration requires constant advancements owing to the steady increase in the number of patients suffering from bone-related disorders, and also to find efficient and cost-effective treatment modalities. One of the major advancements in the field of therapeutics is the development of mRNAs. mRNAs, which have been extensively tested for the vaccines, could be very well utilized as a potential inducer for bone regeneration. The ability of mRNAs to enter the cells and instruct the cellular machinery to produce the required native proteins such as BMP or VEGF is a great way to avoid the issues faced with growth factor deliveries such as the production cost, loss of biological function etc. However, there have been a few hurdles for using mRNAs as an effective therapeutic agent, such as proper dosing, tolerating the degradation by RNases, improving the half-life, controlling the spatio-temporal release and reducing the off-target effects. This brief review discusses the various developments in the field of mRNA therapeutics especially for bone tissue engineering, how nano-formulations are being developed to effectively deliver the mRNAs into the cells by evading the immune responses, how researchers have developed certain strategies to increase the half-life, to successfully deliver the mRNAs to specific bone defect area and bring about effective bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Rajendran
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bio-Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Engineering Research, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Delehedde C, Even L, Midoux P, Pichon C, Perche F. Intracellular Routing and Recognition of Lipid-Based mRNA Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070945. [PMID: 34202584 PMCID: PMC8308975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is being extensively used in gene therapy and vaccination due to its safety over DNA, in the following ways: its lack of integration risk, cytoplasmic expression, and transient expression compatible with fine regulations. However, clinical applications of mRNA are limited by its fast degradation by nucleases, and the activation of detrimental immune responses. Advances in mRNA applications, with the recent approval of COVID-19 vaccines, were fueled by optimization of the mRNA sequence and the development of mRNA delivery systems. Although delivery systems and mRNA sequence optimization have been abundantly reviewed, understanding of the intracellular processing of mRNA is mandatory to improve its applications. We will focus on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as they are the most advanced nanocarriers for the delivery of mRNA. Here, we will review how mRNA therapeutic potency can be affected by its interactions with cellular proteins and intracellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Delehedde
- Innovative Therapies & Nanomedicine, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France; (C.D.); (P.M.)
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France;
| | - Luc Even
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France;
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Innovative Therapies & Nanomedicine, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France; (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Innovative Therapies & Nanomedicine, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France; (C.D.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (F.P.); Tel.: +33-2-3825-5595 (C.P.); Tel.: +33-2-3825-5544 (F.P.)
| | - Federico Perche
- Innovative Therapies & Nanomedicine, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France; (C.D.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (F.P.); Tel.: +33-2-3825-5595 (C.P.); Tel.: +33-2-3825-5544 (F.P.)
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