1
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Cifuentes LP, Athamneh AIM, Efremov Y, Raman A, Kim T, Suter DM. A modified motor-clutch model reveals that neuronal growth cones respond faster to soft substrates. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar47. [PMID: 38354034 PMCID: PMC11064671 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-09-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal growth cones sense a variety of cues including chemical and mechanical ones to establish functional connections during nervous system development. Substrate-cytoskeletal coupling is an established model for adhesion-mediated growth cone advance; however, the detailed molecular and biophysical mechanisms underlying the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction process remain unclear. Here, we adapted a motor-clutch model to better understand the changes in clutch and cytoskeletal dynamics, traction forces, and substrate deformation when a growth cone interacts with adhesive substrates of different stiffnesses. Model parameters were optimized using experimental data from Aplysia growth cones probed with force-calibrated glass microneedles. We included a reinforcement mechanism at both motor and clutch level. Furthermore, we added a threshold for retrograde F-actin flow that indicates when the growth cone is strongly coupled to the substrate. Our modeling results are in strong agreement with experimental data with respect to the substrate deformation and the latency time after which substrate-cytoskeletal coupling is strong enough for the growth cone to advance. Our simulations show that it takes the shortest time to achieve strong coupling when substrate stiffness was low at 4 pN/nm. Taken together, these results suggest that Aplysia growth cones respond faster and more efficiently to soft than stiff substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuri Efremov
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Arvind Raman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Daniel M. Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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2
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Stadlmayr S, Peter K, Millesi F, Rad A, Wolf S, Mero S, Zehl M, Mentler A, Gusenbauer C, Konnerth J, Schniepp HC, Lichtenegger H, Naghilou A, Radtke C. Comparative Analysis of Various Spider Silks in Regard to Nerve Regeneration: Material Properties and Schwann Cell Response. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302968. [PMID: 38079208 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve reconstruction through the employment of nerve guidance conduits with Trichonephila dragline silk as a luminal filling has emerged as an outstanding preclinical alternative to avoid nerve autografts. Yet, it remains unknown whether the outcome is similar for silk fibers harvested from other spider species. This study compares the regenerative potential of dragline silk from two orb-weaving spiders, Trichonephila inaurata and Nuctenea umbratica, as well as the silk of the jumping spider Phidippus regius. Proliferation, migration, and transcriptomic state of Schwann cells seeded on these silks are investigated. In addition, fiber morphology, primary protein structure, and mechanical properties are studied. The results demonstrate that the increased velocity of Schwann cells on Phidippus regius fibers can be primarily attributed to the interplay between the silk's primary protein structure and its mechanical properties. Furthermore, the capacity of silk fibers to trigger cells toward a gene expression profile of a myelinating Schwann cell phenotype is shown. The findings for the first time allow an in-depth comparison of the specific cellular response to various native spider silks and a correlation with the fibers' material properties. This knowledge is essential to open up possibilities for targeted manufacturing of synthetic nervous tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Peter
- Institute for Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anda Rad
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sonja Wolf
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sascha Mero
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Axel Mentler
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Claudia Gusenbauer
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln an der Donau, 3430, Austria
| | - Johannes Konnerth
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln an der Donau, 3430, Austria
| | - Hannes C Schniepp
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Institute for Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Aida Naghilou
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Carnicer-Lombarte A, Barone DG, Wronowski F, Malliaras GG, Fawcett JW, Franze K. Regenerative capacity of neural tissue scales with changes in tissue mechanics post injury. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122393. [PMID: 37977006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries have devastating consequences for humans, as mammalian neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) cannot regenerate. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), however, neurons may regenerate to restore lost function following injury. While mammalian CNS tissue softens after injury, how PNS tissue mechanics changes in response to mechanical trauma is currently poorly understood. Here we characterised mechanical rat nerve tissue properties before and after in vivo crush and transection injuries using atomic force microscopy-based indentation measurements. Unlike CNS tissue, PNS tissue significantly stiffened after both types of tissue damage. This nerve tissue stiffening strongly correlated with an increase in collagen I levels. Schwann cells, which crucially support PNS regeneration, became more motile and proliferative on stiffer substrates in vitro, suggesting that changes in tissue stiffness may play a key role in facilitating or impeding nervous system regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK; Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Damiano G Barone
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Filip Wronowski
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK; Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK; Institute of Medical Physics and Micro-Tissue Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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4
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Taylor CS, Barnes J, Prasad Koduri M, Haq S, Gregory DA, Roy I, D'Sa RA, Curran J, Haycock JW. Aminosilane Functionalized Aligned Fiber PCL Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Repair. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300226. [PMID: 37364159 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Silane modification is a simple and cost-effective tool to modify existing biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Aminosilane layer deposition has previously been shown to control NG108-15 neuronal cell and primary Schwann cell adhesion and differentiation by controlling deposition of ─NH2 groups at the submicron scale across the entirety of a surface by varying silane chain length. This is the first study toreport depositing 11-aminoundecyltriethoxysilane (CL11) onto aligned Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration. Fibers are manufactured via electrospinning and characterized using water contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Confirmed modified fibers are investigated using in vitro cell culture of NG108-15 neuronal cells and primary Schwann cells to determine cell viability, cell differentiation, and phenotype. CL11-modified fibers significantly support NG108-15 neuronal cell and Schwann cell viability. NG108-15 neuronal cell differentiation maintains Schwann cell phenotype compared to unmodified PCL fiber scaffolds. 3D ex vivo culture of Dorsal root ganglion explants (DRGs) confirms further Schwann cell migration and longer neurite outgrowth from DRG explants cultured on CL11 fiber scaffolds compared to unmodified scaffolds. Thus, a reproducible and cost-effective tool is reported to modify biomaterials with functional amine groups that can significantly improve nerve guidance devices and enhance nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Taylor
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Joseph Barnes
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Harrison Hughes Building, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK
| | - Manohar Prasad Koduri
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Harrison Hughes Building, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK
| | - Shamsal Haq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - David A Gregory
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Raechelle A D'Sa
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Harrison Hughes Building, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK
| | - Judith Curran
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Harrison Hughes Building, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK
| | - John W Haycock
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
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5
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Lewis M, David G, Jacobs D, Kuczwara P, Woessner AE, Kim JW, Quinn KP, Song Y. Neuro-regenerative behavior of adipose-derived stem cells in aligned collagen I hydrogels. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100762. [PMID: 37600354 PMCID: PMC10433000 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries persist as a major clinical issue facing the US population and can be caused by stretch, laceration, or crush injuries. Small nerve gaps are simple to treat, and the nerve stumps can be reattached with sutures. In longer nerve gaps, traditional treatment options consist of autografts, hollow nerve guidance conduits, and, more recently, manufactured fibrous scaffolds. These manufactured scaffolds often incorporate stem cells, growth factors, and/or extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to better mimic the native environment but can have issues with homogenous cell distribution or uniformly oriented neurite outgrowth in scaffolds without fibrous alignment. Here, we utilize a custom device to fabricate collagen I hydrogels with aligned fibers and encapsulated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) for potential use as a peripheral nerve repair graft. Initial results of our scaffold system revealed significantly less cell viability in higher collagen gel concentrations; 3 mg/mL gels showed 84.8 ± 7.3% viable cells, compared to 6 mg/mL gels viability of 76.7 ± 9.5%. Mechanical testing of the 3 mg/mL gels showed a Young's modulus of 6.5 ± 0.8 kPa nearly matching 7.45 kPa known to support Schwann cell migration. Further analysis of scaffolds coupled with stretching in vitro revealed heightened angiogenic and factor secretion, ECM deposition, fiber alignment, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurite outgrowth along the axis of fiber alignment. Our platform serves as an in vitro testbed to assess neuro-regenerative potential of ASCs in aligned collagen fiber scaffolds and may provide guidance on next-generation nerve repair scaffold design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Gabriel David
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Danielle Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Patrick Kuczwara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Alan E. Woessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Materials Science & Engineering Program; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kyle P. Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Younghye Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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6
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Naghilou A, Peter K, Millesi F, Stadlmayr S, Wolf S, Rad A, Semmler L, Supper P, Ploszczanski L, Liu J, Burghammer M, Riekel C, Bismarck A, Backus EHG, Lichtenegger H, Radtke C. Insights into the material properties of dragline spider silk affecting Schwann cell migration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125398. [PMID: 37330085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dragline silk of Trichonephila spiders has attracted attention in various applications. One of the most fascinating uses of dragline silk is in nerve regeneration as a luminal filling for nerve guidance conduits. In fact, conduits filled with spider silk can measure up to autologous nerve transplantation, but the reasons behind the success of silk fibers are not yet understood. In this study dragline fibers of Trichonephila edulis were sterilized with ethanol, UV radiation, and autoclaving and the resulting material properties were characterized with regard to the silk's suitability for nerve regeneration. Rat Schwann cells (rSCs) were seeded on these silks in vitro and their migration and proliferation were investigated as an indication for the fiber's ability to support the growth of nerves. It was found that rSCs migrate faster on ethanol treated fibers. To elucidate the reasons behind this behavior, the fiber's morphology, surface chemistry, secondary protein structure, crystallinity, and mechanical properties were studied. The results demonstrate that the synergy of dragline silk's stiffness and its composition has a crucial effect on the migration of rSCs. These findings pave the way towards understanding the response of SCs to silk fibers as well as the targeted production of synthetic alternatives for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Naghilou
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karolina Peter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Wolf
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anda Rad
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Semmler
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Supper
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leon Ploszczanski
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiliang Liu
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Riekel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Taylor CS, Behbehani M, Glen A, Basnett P, Gregory DA, Lukasiewicz BB, Nigmatullin R, Claeyssens F, Roy I, Haycock JW. Aligned Polyhydroxyalkanoate Blend Electrospun Fibers as Intraluminal Guidance Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1472-1485. [PMID: 36848250 PMCID: PMC10015431 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) to treat peripheral nerve injuries is a favorable approach to the current "gold standard" of autografting. However, as simple hollow tubes, they lack specific topographical and mechanical guidance cues present in nerve grafts and therefore are not suitable for treating large gap injuries (30-50 mm). The incorporation of intraluminal guidance scaffolds, such as aligned fibers, has been shown to increase neuronal cell neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell migration distances. A novel blend of PHAs, P(3HO)/P(3HB) (50:50), was investigated for its potential as an intraluminal aligned fiber guidance scaffold. Aligned fibers of 5 and 8 μm diameter were manufactured by electrospinning and characterized using SEM. Fibers were investigated for their effect on neuronal cell differentiation, Schwann cell phenotype, and cell viability in vitro. Overall, P(3HO)/P(3HB) (50:50) fibers supported higher neuronal and Schwann cell adhesion compared to PCL fibers. The 5 μm PHA blend fibers also supported significantly higher DRG neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell migration distance using a 3D ex vivo nerve injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Taylor
- Department
of Materials Science & and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mehri Behbehani
- The
Electrospinning Company, Unit 5, Zephyr Building, Eighth St., Harwell Campus,
Harwell, Didcot OX11 0RL, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Glen
- Department
of Materials Science & and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Basnett
- School
of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Gregory
- Department
of Materials Science & and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara B. Lukasiewicz
- School
of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, United Kingdom
| | - Rinat Nigmatullin
- School
of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department
of Materials Science & and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department
of Materials Science & and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - John W. Haycock
- Department
of Materials Science & and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
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8
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Abstract
Recently, substrate stiffness has been involved in the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. However, the role and function of substrate stiffness remain unclear. Here, we review known effects of substrate stiffness on nerve cell morphology and function in the central and peripheral nervous systems and their involvement in pathology. We hope this review will clarify the research status of substrate stiffness in nerve cells and neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Si
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jihong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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9
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Schwann cell functions in peripheral nerve development and repair. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105952. [PMID: 36493976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glial cell of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the Schwann cell (SC), counts among the most multifaceted cells of the body. During development, SCs secure neuronal survival and participate in axonal path finding. Simultaneously, they orchestrate the architectural set up of the developing nerves, including the blood vessels and the endo-, peri- and epineurial layers. Perinatally, in rodents, SCs radially sort and subsequently myelinate individual axons larger than 1 μm in diameter, while small calibre axons become organised in non-myelinating Remak bundles. SCs have a vital role in maintaining axonal health throughout life and several specialized SC types perform essential functions at specific locations, such as terminal SC at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) or SC within cutaneous sensory end organs. In addition, neural crest derived satellite glia maintain a tight communication with the soma of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons and neural crest derivatives are furthermore an indispensable part of the enteric nervous system. The remarkable plasticity of SCs becomes evident in the context of a nerve injury, where SC transdifferentiate into intriguing repair cells, which orchestrate a regenerative response that promotes nerve repair. Indeed, the multiple adaptations of SCs are captivating, but remain often ill-resolved on the molecular level. Here, we summarize and discuss the knowns and unknowns of the vast array of functions that this single cell type can cover in peripheral nervous system development, maintenance, and repair.
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10
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Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
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11
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Vela-Alcantara AM, Rios-Ramirez A, Santiago-Garcia J, Rodriguez-Alba JC, Tamariz Domínguez E. Modulation of DRG neurons response to semaphorin 3A via substrate stiffness. Cells Dev 2022; 171:203800. [PMID: 35717026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2022.203800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3a) is a chemotropic protein that acts as a neuronal guidance cue and plays a major role in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons projection during embryo development. The present study evaluated the impact of stiffness in the repulsive response of DRG neurons to Sema3a when cultured over substrates of variable stiffness. Stiffness modified DRG neurons morphology and regulated their response to Sema3a, reducing the collapse of growth cones when they were cultured on softer substrates. Sema3a receptors expression was also regulated by stiffness, neuropilin-1 was overexpressed and plexin A4 mRNA was downregulated in stiffer substrates. Cytoskeleton distribution was also modified by stiffness. In softer substrates, βIII-tubulin and actin co-localized up to the leading edge of the growth cones, and as the substrate became stiffer, βIII-tubulin was confined to the transition and peripheral domains of the growth cone. Moreover, a decrease in the α-actinin adaptor protein was also observed in softer substrates. Our results show that substrate stiffness plays an important role in regulating the collapse response to Sema3a and that the modulation of cytoskeleton distribution and Sema3a receptors expression are related to the differential collapse responses of the growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Monserrat Vela-Alcantara
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico.
| | - Ariadna Rios-Ramirez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla #3001, 76230 Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Juan Santiago-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Alba
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Elisa Tamariz Domínguez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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12
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Smith CS, Orkwis JA, Bryan AE, Xu Z, Harris GM. The impact of physical, biochemical, and electrical signaling on Schwann cell plasticity. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151277. [PMID: 36265214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) injuries are an ongoing health care concern. While autografts and allografts are regarded as the current clinical standard for traumatic injury, there are inherent limitations that suggest alternative remedies should be considered for therapeutic purposes. In recent years, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have become increasingly popular as surgical repair devices, with a multitude of various natural and synthetic biomaterials offering potential to enhance the design of conduits or supplant existing technologies entirely. From a cellular perspective, it has become increasingly evident that Schwann cells (SCs), the primary glia of the PNS, are a predominant factor mediating nerve regeneration. Thus, the development of severe nerve trauma therapies requires a deep understanding of how SCs interact with their environment, and how SC microenvironmental cues may be engineered to enhance regeneration. Here we review the most recent advancements in biomaterials development and cell stimulation strategies, with a specific focus on how the microenvironment influences the behavior of SCs and can potentially lead to functional repair. We focus on microenvironmental cues that modulate SC morphology, proliferation, migration, and differentiation to alternative phenotypes. Promotion of regenerative phenotypic responses in SCs and other non-neuronal cells that can augment the regenerative capacity of multiple biomaterials is considered along with innovations and technologies for traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne S Smith
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jacob A Orkwis
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Andrew E Bryan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Greg M Harris
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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13
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Curcumin and Ethanol Effects in Trembler-J Schwann Cell Culture. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040515. [PMID: 35454103 PMCID: PMC9025918 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) syndrome is the most common progressive human motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy. CMT type 1E is a demyelinating neuropathy affecting Schwann cells due to peripheral-myelin-protein-22 (PMP22) mutations, modelized by Trembler-J mice. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound obtained from turmeric (Curcuma longa), exhibits dose- and time-varying antitumor, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, however, the neurotherapeutic actions of curcumin remain elusive. Here, we propose curcumin as a possible natural treatment capable of enhancing cellular detoxification mechanisms, resulting in an improvement of the neurodegenerative Trembler-J phenotype. Using a refined method for obtaining enriched Schwann cell cultures, we evaluated the neurotherapeutic action of low dose curcumin treatment on the PMP22 expression, and on the chaperones and autophagy/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in Trembler-J and wild-type genotypes. In wild-type Schwann cells, the action of curcumin resulted in strong stimulation of the chaperone and macroautophagy pathway, whereas the modulation of ribophagy showed a mild effect. However, despite the promising neuroprotective effects for the treatment of neurological diseases, we demonstrate that the action of curcumin in Trembler-J Schwann cells could be impaired due to the irreversible impact of ethanol used as a common curcumin vehicle necessary for administration. These results contribute to expanding our still limited understanding of PMP22 biology in neurobiology and expose the intrinsic lability of the neurodegenerative Trembler-J genotype. Furthermore, they unravel interesting physiological mechanisms of cellular resilience relevant to the pharmacological treatment of the neurodegenerative Tremble J phenotype with curcumin and ethanol. We conclude that the analysis of the effects of the vehicle itself is an essential and inescapable step to comprehensibly assess the effects and full potential of curcumin treatment for therapeutic purposes.
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14
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Woods I, O'Connor C, Frugoli L, Kerr S, Gutierrez Gonzalez J, Stasiewicz M, McGuire T, Cavanagh B, Hibbitts A, Dervan A, O'Brien FJ. Biomimetic Scaffolds for Spinal Cord Applications Exhibit Stiffness-Dependent Immunomodulatory and Neurotrophic Characteristics. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101663. [PMID: 34784649 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), tissue engineering scaffolds offer a potential bridge for regeneration across the lesion and support repair through proregenerative signaling. Ideal biomaterial scaffolds that mimic the physicochemical properties of native tissue have the potential to provide innate trophic signaling while also minimizing damaging inflammation. To address this challenge, taking cues from the spinal cord's structure, the proregenerative signaling capabilities of native cord components are compared in vitro. A synergistic mix of collagen-IV and fibronectin (Coll-IV/Fn) is found to optimally enhance axonal extension from neuronal cell lines (SHSY-5Y and NSC-34) and induce morphological features typical of quiescent astrocytes. This optimal composition is incorporated into hyaluronic acid scaffolds with aligned pore architectures but varying stiffnesses (0.8-3 kPa). Scaffolds with biomimetic mechanical properties (<1 kPa), functionalized with Coll-IV/Fn, not only modulate primary astrocyte behavior but also stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in a stiffness-dependent manner. Seeded SHSY-5Y neurons generate distributed neuronal networks, while softer biomimetic scaffolds promote axonal outgrowth in an ex vivo model of axonal regrowth. These results indicate that the interaction of stiffness and biomaterial composition plays an essential role in vitro in generating repair-critical cellular responses and demonstrates the potential of biomimetic scaffold design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Woods
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
| | - Cian O'Connor
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
| | - Lisa Frugoli
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
| | - Seán Kerr
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
| | - Javier Gutierrez Gonzalez
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre RCSI 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
| | - Martyna Stasiewicz
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
| | - Tara McGuire
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
| | - Alan Hibbitts
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
| | - Adrian Dervan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre RCSI 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02YN77 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2, D02R590 Ireland
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15
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Liashkovich I, Rosso G, Shahin V. Atomic Force Microscopy for Structural and Biophysical Investigations on Nuclear Pore Complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2502:299-310. [PMID: 35412247 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2337-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables simultaneous generation of topographical and biophysical maps of surfaces of biological samples at nanoresolution in physiologically relevant environments. Here, we describe the application of AFM to study nuclear pore complexes from structural and biophysical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liashkovich
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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16
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Rosso G, Wehner D, Schweitzer C, Möllmert S, Sock E, Guck J, Shahin V. Matrix stiffness mechanosensing modulates the expression and distribution of transcription factors in Schwann cells. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10257. [PMID: 35079632 PMCID: PMC8780053 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, mature Schwann cells (SCs) de-differentiate and undergo cell reprogramming to convert into a specialized cell repair phenotype that promotes nerve regeneration. Reprogramming of SCs into the repair phenotype is tightly controlled at the genome level and includes downregulation of pro-myelinating genes and activation of nerve repair-associated genes. Nerve injuries induce not only biochemical but also mechanical changes in the tissue architecture which impact SCs. Recently, we showed that SCs mechanically sense the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and that SC mechanosensitivity modulates their morphology and migratory behavior. Here, we explore the expression levels of key transcription factors and myelin-associated genes in SCs, and the outgrowth of primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurites, in response to changes in the stiffness of generated matrices. The selected stiffness range matches the physiological conditions of both utilized cell types as determined in our previous investigations. We find that stiffer matrices induce upregulation of the expression of transcription factors Sox2, Oct6, and Krox20, and concomitantly reduce the expression of the repair-associated transcription factor c-Jun, suggesting a link between SC substrate mechanosensing and gene expression regulation. Likewise, DRG neurite outgrowth correlates with substrate stiffness. The remarkable intrinsic physiological plasticity of SCs, and the mechanosensitivity of SCs and neurites, may be exploited in the design of bioengineered scaffolds that promote nerve regeneration upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Christine Schweitzer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institute of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
- Department of PhysicsFAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
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17
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Taylor CS, Chen R, D' Sa R, Hunt JA, Curran JM, Haycock JW. Cost effective optimised synthetic surface modification strategies for enhanced control of neuronal cell differentiation and supporting neuronal and Schwann cell viability. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1713-1723. [PMID: 33749114 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enriching a biomaterial surface with specific chemical groups has previously been considered for producing surfaces that influence cell response. Silane layer deposition has previously been shown to control mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and differentiation. However, it has not been used to investigate neuronal or Schwann cell responses in vitro to date. We report on the deposition of aminosilane groups for peripheral neurons and Schwann cells studying two chain lengths: (a) 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (short chain-SC) and (b) 11-aminoundecyltriethoxysilane (long chain-LC) by coating glass substrates. Surfaces were characterised by water contact angle, AFM and XPS. LC-NH2 was produced reproducibly as a homogenous surface with controlled nanotopography. Primary neuron and NG108-15 neuronal cell differentiation and primary Schwann cell responses were investigated in vitro by S100β, p75, and GFAP antigen expression. Both amine silane surface supported neuronal and Schwann cell growth; however, neuronal differentiation was greater on LC aminosilanes versus SC. Thus, we report that silane surfaces with an optimal chain length may have potential in peripheral nerve repair for the modification and improvement of nerve guidance devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Taylor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raechelle D' Sa
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John A Hunt
- Medical Technologies and Advanced Materials, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Judith M Curran
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John W Haycock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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18
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Fornaro M, Marcus D, Rattin J, Goral J. Dynamic Environmental Physical Cues Activate Mechanosensitive Responses in the Repair Schwann Cell Phenotype. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020425. [PMID: 33671410 PMCID: PMC7922665 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells plastically change in response to nerve injury to become a newly reconfigured repair phenotype. This cell is equipped to sense and interact with the evolving and unusual physical conditions characterizing the injured nerve environment and activate intracellular adaptive reprogramming as a consequence of external stimuli. Summarizing the literature contributions on this matter, this review is aimed at highlighting the importance of the environmental cues of the regenerating nerve as key factors to induce morphological and functional changes in the Schwann cell population. We identified four different microenvironments characterized by physical cues the Schwann cells sense via interposition of the extracellular matrix. We discussed how the physical cues of the microenvironment initiate changes in Schwann cell behavior, from wrapping the axon to becoming a multifunctional denervated repair cell and back to reestablishing contact with regenerated axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fornaro
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies (CGS), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine (CCOM), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (D.M.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +001-630-515-6055
| | - Dominic Marcus
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine (CCOM), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (D.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacob Rattin
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine (CCOM), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (D.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Joanna Goral
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies (CGS), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine (CCOM), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (D.M.); (J.R.)
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19
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Carvalho CR, Chang W, Silva‐Correia J, Reis RL, Oliveira JM, Kohn J. Engineering Silk Fibroin-Based Nerve Conduit with Neurotrophic Factors for Proximal Protection after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000753. [PMID: 33169544 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Artificial nerve conduits capable of adequately releasing neurotrophic factors are extensively studied to bridge nerve defects. However, the lack of neurotrophic factors in the proximal area and their visible effects in axonal retrograde transport following nerve injury is one of the factors causing an incomplete nerve regeneration. Herein, an advanced conduit made of silk fibroin is produced, which can incorporate growth factors and promote an effective regeneration after injury. For that, enzymatically crosslinked silk fibroin-based conduits are developed to be used as a platform for the controlled delivery of neurotrophic factors. Nerve growth factor and glial-cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are incorporated using two different methodologies: i) crosslinking and ii) absorption method. The release profile is measured by ELISA technique. The bioactivity of the neurotrophic factors is evaluated in vitro by using primary dorsal root ganglia. When implanted in a 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats, GDNF-loaded silk fibroin conduits reveal retrograde neuroprotection as compared to autografts and plain silk fibroin conduit. Therefore, the novel design presents a substantial improvement of retrograde trafficking, neurons' protection, and motor nerve reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana R. Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group‐Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine University of Minho Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
| | - Wei Chang
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Joana Silva‐Correia
- 3B's Research Group‐Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine University of Minho Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group‐Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine University of Minho Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group‐Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine University of Minho Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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20
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Mota C, Camarero-Espinosa S, Baker MB, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Bioprinting: From Tissue and Organ Development to in Vitro Models. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10547-10607. [PMID: 32407108 PMCID: PMC7564098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting techniques have been flourishing in the field of biofabrication with pronounced and exponential developments in the past years. Novel biomaterial inks used for the formation of bioinks have been developed, allowing the manufacturing of in vitro models and implants tested preclinically with a certain degree of success. Furthermore, incredible advances in cell biology, namely, in pluripotent stem cells, have also contributed to the latest milestones where more relevant tissues or organ-like constructs with a certain degree of functionality can already be obtained. These incredible strides have been possible with a multitude of multidisciplinary teams around the world, working to make bioprinted tissues and organs more relevant and functional. Yet, there is still a long way to go until these biofabricated constructs will be able to reach the clinics. In this review, we summarize the main bioprinting activities linking them to tissue and organ development and physiology. Most bioprinting approaches focus on mimicking fully matured tissues. Future bioprinting strategies might pursue earlier developmental stages of tissues and organs. The continuous convergence of the experts in the fields of material sciences, cell biology, engineering, and many other disciplines will gradually allow us to overcome the barriers identified on the demanding path toward manufacturing and adoption of tissue and organ replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Yao K, Gong G, Fu Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li G, Yang Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytocompatible Alkyne-Containing Poly(β-amino ester)-Based Hydrogels Functionalized via Click Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1391-1397. [PMID: 35638631 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although poly(β-amino esters) (PAEs) have been widely applied in nonviral gene transfection, drug delivery systems, and regenerative medicine, the multifunctional modification of PAEs and bio-orthogonal strategies of PAE-based hydrogel functionalization is still a challenge. Herein, a strategy of poly(β-amino ester)-based hydrogel functionalization was developed via bio-orthogonal reactions in this study. Acrylate-terminated poly(β-amino esters) containing alkyne groups were synthesized by Michael addition reaction. Alkyne groups on poly(β-amino esters) could conjugate bioactive molecules with azide of K(N3)RGD via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, and terminal acrylate groups could in situ polymerize to prepare a hydrogel. A biomimetic peptide K(N3)RGD functionalized hydrogel was prepared by polymerization of acrylate-terminated poly(β-amino esters) containing conjugated peptide and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). The storage modulus and mechanical properties exhibited an increased trend with the increased concentration; nevertheless, swelling ratio and surface wetting properties demonstrated a decreased tendency by increased concentrations. Cell proliferation and live/dead staining showed that Schwann cells plated on the hydrogel with an elastic modulus of 25.39 KPa are more suitable for proliferation and function exertion of Schwann cells compared with that of 42.11 and 57.86 KPa, and KRGD-conjugated hydrogel could increase the elongation of Schwann cells relative to nonconjugated hydrogels. This azide-alkyne strategy may be a promising candidate for hydrogel functionalization in tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Guangming Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zexi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Luzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
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22
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Kayal C, Moeendarbary E, Shipley RJ, Phillips JB. Mechanical Response of Neural Cells to Physiologically Relevant Stiffness Gradients. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901036. [PMID: 31793251 PMCID: PMC8407326 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of the mechanical environment on neurite behavior is crucial in the development of peripheral nerve repair solutions, and could help tissue engineers to direct and guide regeneration. In this study, a new protocol to fabricate physiologically relevant hydrogel substrates with controlled mechanical cues is proposed. These hydrogels allow the analysis of the relative effects of both the absolute stiffness value and the local stiffness gradient on neural cell behavior, particularly for low stiffness values (1-2 kPa). NG108-15 neural cell behavior is studied using well-characterized collagen gradient substrates with stiffness values ranging from 1 to 10 kPa and gradient slopes of either 0.84 or 7.9 kPa mm-1 . It is found that cell orientation is influenced by specific combinations of stiffness value and stiffness gradient. The results highlight the importance of considering the type of hydrogel as well as both the absolute value of the stiffness and the steepness of its gradient, thus introducing a new framework for the development of tissue engineered scaffolds and the study of substrate stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Kayal
- UCL Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonBrunswick Square, BloomsburyLondonWC1N 1AXUK
- UCL Centre for Nerve EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- UCL Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02142USA
| | - Rebecca J. Shipley
- UCL Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- UCL Centre for Nerve EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - James B. Phillips
- UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonBrunswick Square, BloomsburyLondonWC1N 1AXUK
- UCL Centre for Nerve EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
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23
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Kočí Z, Sridharan R, Hibbitts AJ, Kneafsey SL, Kearney CJ, O'Brien FJ. The Use of Genipin as an Effective, Biocompatible, Anti-Inflammatory Cross-Linking Method for Nerve Guidance Conduits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900212. [PMID: 32293152 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A number of natural polymer biomaterial-based nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are developed to facilitate repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Cross-linking ensures mechanical integrity and desired degradation properties of the NGCs; however, common methods such as formaldehyde are associated with cellular toxicity. Hence, there is an unmet clinical need for alternative nontoxic cross-linking agents. In this study, collagen-based NGCs with a collagen/chondroitin sulfate luminal filler are used to study the effect of cross-linking on mechanical and structural properties, degradation, biocompatibility, and immunological response. A simplified manufacturing method of genipin cross-linking is developed, by incorporating genipin into solution prior to freeze-drying the NGCs. This leads to successful cross-linking as demonstrated by higher cross-linking degree and similar tensile strength of genipin cross-linked conduits compared to formaldehyde cross-linked conduits. Genipin cross-linking also preserves NGC macro and microstructure as observed through scanning electron microscopy and spectral analysis. Most importantly, in vitro cell studies show that genipin, unlike the formaldehyde cross-linked conduits, supports the viability of Schwann cells. Moreover, genipin cross-linked conduits direct macrophages away from a pro-inflammatory and toward a pro-repair state. Overall, genipin is demonstrated to be an effective, safe, biocompatible, and anti-inflammatory alternative to formaldehyde for cross-linking clinical grade NGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kočí
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02YN77, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02PN40, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Rukmani Sridharan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02YN77, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02PN40, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Alan J Hibbitts
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02YN77, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02PN40, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Simone L Kneafsey
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02YN77, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02PN40, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Cathal J Kearney
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02YN77, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02PN40, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02YN77, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02PN40, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02YN77, Ireland
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24
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Rosso G, Guck J. Mechanical changes of peripheral nerve tissue microenvironment and their structural basis during development. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:036107. [PMID: 31893255 PMCID: PMC6932855 DOI: 10.1063/1.5108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves are constantly exposed to mechanical stresses associated with body growth and limb movements. Although some aspects of these nerves' biomechanical properties are known, the link between nerve biomechanics and tissue microstructures during development is poorly understood. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to comprehensively investigate the elastic modulus of living peripheral nerve tissue cross sections ex vivo at distinct stages of development and correlated these elastic moduli with various cellular and extracellular aspects of the underlying histological microstructure. We found that local nerve tissue stiffness is spatially heterogeneous and evolves biphasically during maturation. Furthermore, we found the intracellular microtubule network and the extracellular matrix collagens type I and type IV as major contributors to the nerves' biomechanical properties, but surprisingly not cellular density and myelin content as previously shown for the central nervous system. Overall, these findings characterize the mechanical microenvironment that surrounds Schwann cells and neurons and will further our understanding of their mechanosensing mechanisms during nerve development. These data also provide the design of artificial nerve scaffolds to promote biomedical nerve regeneration therapies by considering mechanical properties that better reflect the nerve microenvironment.
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25
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Azzam I, Liashkovich I, Luchtefeld I, Kouzel IU, Shahin V. Facilitating plasmid nuclear delivery by interfering with the selective nuclear pore barrier. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:e10136. [PMID: 31572794 PMCID: PMC6764801 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are sophisticated transporters assembled from diverse proteins termed nucleoporins (Nups). They control all nucleocytoplasmic transport and form a stringent barrier between the cytosol and the nucleus. While selective receptor-mediated transport enables translocation of macromolecules up to striking sizes approaching megadalton-scale, the upper cutoff for diffusion is at 40 kDa. Raising the cutoff is of particular importance for nuclear delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles, for example, gene and chemotherapy. In this work, we set out to present compounds capable of raising the cutoff to an extent enabling nuclear delivery of 6 kbp pDNA (150 kDa) in cultured human vascular endothelial cells. Of all tested compounds one is singled out, 1,6-hexanediol (1,6-HD). Our observations reveal that 1,6-HD facilitates nuclear delivery of pDNA in up to 10-20% of the tested cells, compared to no delivery at all in control conditions. It acts by interfering with bonds between Nups that occupy the NPC channel and confer transport selectivity. It also largely maintains cell viability even at high concentrations. We envisage that 1,6-HD may serve as a lead substance and usher in the design of potent new strategies to increase nuclear delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Azzam
- Institute of Physiology IIUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | | | | | | | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology IIUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
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26
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Rosso G, Liashkovich I, Shahin V. In Situ Investigation of Interrelationships Between Morphology and Biomechanics of Endothelial and Glial Cells and their Nuclei. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801638. [PMID: 30643730 PMCID: PMC6325600 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Morphology and biomechanics of cells and nuclei are interlinked with one another and play key roles in fundamental physiological processes. While powerful approaches are available for performing separate morphological and biomechanical investigations on cells and nuclei, simultaneous investigations in situ are challenging. Here, an appropriate approach is presented based on the simultaneous combination of atomic force microscopy and confocal microscopy in situ. Two cell types with entirely different morphologies, physiological roles, and biomechanical environments are investigated: vascular endothelial cells (ECs) with dense cytoskeletal actin, and nervous system glial cells (Schwann cells (SCs)) with dense vimentin network. Results reveal that ECs and their nuclei show high pliability and tend to undergo deformation only at compression sites. SCs, in contrast, show greater ability to resist mechanical deformation. Likewise, SC nuclei are harder to deform than EC nuclei, despite that SC nuclei have significantly lower amounts of lamins A/C, which reportedly scale with nuclear stiffness. The morphology-biomechanics interrelationships in SCs, ECs, and their nuclei may be a key factor in ensuring their physiological functions. In adult SCs, mechanosensitivity is presumably traded for mechanical strength to protect the neurons they encase, whereas ECs maintain mechanosensitivity to ensure specific local physiological response to mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rosso
- Biotechnology CenterTechnische Universität DresdenTatzberg 47/4901307DresdenGermany
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- Institute of Physiology IIUniversity of MünsterRobert‐Koch Str. 27b48149MünsterGermany
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology IIUniversity of MünsterRobert‐Koch Str. 27b48149MünsterGermany
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27
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Duffy P, McMahon S, Wang X, Keaveney S, O'Cearbhaill ED, Quintana I, Rodríguez FJ, Wang W. Synthetic bioresorbable poly-α-hydroxyesters as peripheral nerve guidance conduits; a review of material properties, design strategies and their efficacy to date. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4912-4943. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Implantable tubular devices known as nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have drawn considerable interest as an alternative to autografting in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Duffy
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology
- School of Medicine
- University College Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Seán McMahon
- Ashland Specialties Ireland Ltd
- Synergy Centre
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Xi Wang
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology
- School of Medicine
- University College Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Shane Keaveney
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
- University College Dublin
- Dublin
| | - Eoin D. O'Cearbhaill
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
- University College Dublin
- Dublin
| | - Iban Quintana
- IK4-Tekniker
- Surface Engineering and Materials Science Unit
- Eibar
- Spain
| | | | - Wenxin Wang
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology
- School of Medicine
- University College Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
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28
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Evans EB, Brady SW, Tripathi A, Hoffman-Kim D. Schwann cell durotaxis can be guided by physiologically relevant stiffness gradients. Biomater Res 2018; 22:14. [PMID: 29780613 PMCID: PMC5948700 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful nerve regeneration depends upon directed migration of morphologically specialized repair state Schwann cells across a nerve defect. Although several groups have studied directed migration of Schwann cells in response to chemical or topographic cues, the current understanding of how the mechanical environment influences migration remains largely understudied and incomplete. Therefore, the focus of this study was to evaluate Schwann cell migration and morphodynamics in the presence of stiffness gradients, which revealed that Schwann cells can follow extracellular gradients of increasing stiffness, in a form of directed migration termed durotaxis. Methods Polyacrylamide substrates were fabricated to mimic the range of stiffness found in peripheral nerve tissue. We assessed Schwann cell response to substrates that were either mechanically uniform or embedded with a shallow or steep stiffness gradient, respectively corresponding to the mechanical niche present during either the fluid phase or subsequent matrix phase of the peripheral nerve regeneration process. We examined cell migration (velocity and directionality) and morphology (elongation, spread area, nuclear aspect ratio, and cell process dynamics). We also characterized the surface morphology of Schwann cells by scanning electron microscopy. Results On laminin-coated polyacrylamide substrates embedded with either a shallow (∼0.04 kPa/mm) or steep (∼0.95 kPa/mm) stiffness gradient, Schwann cells displayed durotaxis, increasing both their speed and directionality along the gradient materials, fabricated with elastic moduli in the range found in peripheral nerve tissue. Uniquely and unlike cell behavior reported in other cell types, the durotactic response of Schwann cells was not dependent upon the slope of the gradient. When we examined whether durotaxis behavior was accompanied by a pro-regenerative Schwann cell phenotype, we observed altered cell morphology, including increases in spread area and the number, elongation, and branching of the cellular processes, on the steep but not the shallow gradient materials. This phenotype emerged within hours of the cells adhering to the materials and was sustained throughout the 24 hour duration of the experiment. Control experiments also showed that unlike most adherent cells, Schwann cells did not alter their morphology in response to uniform substrates of different stiffnesses. Conclusion This study is notable in its report of durotaxis of cells in response to a stiffness gradient slope, which is greater than an order of magnitude less than reported elsewhere in the literature, suggesting Schwann cells are highly sensitive detectors of mechanical heterogeneity. Altogether, this work identifies durotaxis as a new migratory modality in Schwann cells, and further shows that the presence of a steep stiffness gradient can support a pro-regenerative cell morphology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40824-018-0124-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth B Evans
- 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912 USA
| | - Samantha W Brady
- 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912 USA
| | - Anubhav Tripathi
- 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912 USA.,2Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912 USA
| | - Diane Hoffman-Kim
- 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912 USA.,2Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912 USA.,3Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912 USA.,4Center to Advance Predictive Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912 USA
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29
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Ryan AJ, Lackington WA, Hibbitts AJ, Matheson A, Alekseeva T, Stejskalova A, Roche P, O'Brien FJ. A Physicochemically Optimized and Neuroconductive Biphasic Nerve Guidance Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28975768 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clinically available hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have had limited success in treating large peripheral nerve injuries. This study aims to develop a biphasic NGC combining a physicochemically optimized collagen outer conduit to bridge the transected nerve, and a neuroconductive hyaluronic acid-based luminal filler to support regeneration. The outer conduit is mechanically optimized by manipulating crosslinking and collagen density, allowing the engineering of a high wall permeability to mitigate the risk of neuroma formation, while also maintaining physiologically relevant stiffness and enzymatic degradation tuned to coincide with regeneration rates. Freeze-drying is used to seamlessly integrate the luminal filler into the conduit, creating a longitudinally aligned pore microarchitecture. The luminal stiffness is modulated to support Schwann cells, with laminin incorporation further enhancing bioactivity by improving cell attachment and metabolic activity. Additionally, this biphasic NGC is shown to support neurogenesis and gliogenesis of neural progenitor cells and axonal outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia. These findings highlight the paradigm that a successful NGC requires the concerted optimization of both a mechanical support phase capable of bridging a nerve defect and a neuroconductive phase with an architecture capable of supporting both Schwann cells and neurons in order to achieve functional regenerative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Ryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - William A. Lackington
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Alan J. Hibbitts
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Austyn Matheson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Tijna Alekseeva
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Anna Stejskalova
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Phoebe Roche
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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30
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Rosso G, Young P, Shahin V. Implications of Schwann Cells Biomechanics and Mechanosensitivity for Peripheral Nervous System Physiology and Pathophysiology. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:345. [PMID: 29118694 PMCID: PMC5660964 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of bones around the central nervous system (CNS) provides it with highly effective physiologically crucial mechanical protection. The peripheral nervous system (PNS), in contrast, lacks this barrier. Consequently, the long held belief is that the PNS is mechanically vulnerable. On the other hand, the PNS is exposed to a variety of physiological mechanical stresses during regular daily activities. This fact prompts us to question the dogma of PNS mechanical vulnerability. As a matter of fact, impaired mechanics of PNS nerves is associated with neuropathies with the liability to mechanical stresses paralleled by significant impairment of PNS physiological functions. Our recent biomechanical integrity investigations on nerve fibers from wild-type and neuropathic mice lend strong support in favor of natural mechanical protection of the PNS and demonstrate a key role of Schwann cells (SCs) therein. Moreover, recent works point out that SCs can sense mechanical properties of their microenvironment and the evidence is growing that SCs mechanosensitivity is important for PNS development and myelination. Hence, SCs exhibit mechanical strength necessary for PNS mechanoprotection as well as mechanosensitivity necessary for PNS development and myelination. This mini review reflects on the intriguing dual ability of SCs and implications for PNS physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rosso
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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31
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Lackington WA, Ryan AJ, O'Brien FJ. Advances in Nerve Guidance Conduit-Based Therapeutics for Peripheral Nerve Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1221-1235. [PMID: 33440511 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries have high incidence rates, limited treatment options and poor clinical outcomes, rendering a significant socioeconomic burden. For effective peripheral nerve repair, the gap or site of injury must be structurally bridged to promote correct reinnervation and functional regeneration. However, effective repair becomes progressively more difficult with larger gaps. Autologous nerve grafting remains the best clinical option for the repair of large gaps (20-80 mm) despite being associated with numerous limitations including permanent donor site morbidity, a lack of available tissue and the formation of neuromas. To meet the clinical demand of large gap repair and overcome these limitations, tissue engineering has led to the development of nerve guidance conduit-based therapeutics. This review focuses on the advances of nerve guidance conduit-based therapeutics in terms of their structural properties including biomimetic composition, permeability, architecture, and surface modifications. Associated biochemical properties, pertaining to the incorporation of cells and neurotrophic factors, are also reviewed. After reviewing the progress in the field, we conclude by presenting an outlook on their clinical translatability and the next generation of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Lackington
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alan J Ryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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