1
|
Jeelani M. miRNAs in epilepsy: A review from molecular signatures to therapeutic intervention. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130468. [PMID: 38417757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a medical disorder marked by sporadic seizures accompanied by alterations in consciousness. The molecular mechanisms responsible for epilepsy and the factors contributing to alterations in neuronal structure compromised apoptotic responses in neurons, and disturbances in regeneration pathways in glial cells remain unidentified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA that consist of a single strand. They typically contain 21 to 23 nucleotides. miRNAs participate in the process of RNA silencing and the regulation of gene expression after transcription by selectively binding to mRNA molecules that possess complementary sequences. The disruption of miRNA regulation has been associated with the development of epilepsy, and manipulating a single miRNA can impact various cellular processes, hence serving as a potent intervention approach. Despite existing obstacles in the delivery and safety of miRNA-based treatments, researchers are actively investigating the potential of miRNAs to operate as regulators of brain activity and as targets for treating and preventing epilepsy. Hence, the utilization of miRNA-based therapeutic intervention shows potential for future epilepsy management. The objective of our present investigation was to ascertain the involvement of miRNAs in the causation and advancement of epilepsy. Moreover, they have undergone scrutiny for their potential utilization in therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jeelani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parkins EV, Brager DH, Rymer JK, Burwinkel JM, Rojas D, Tiwari D, Hu YC, Gross C. Mir324 knockout regulates the structure of dendritic spines and impairs hippocampal long-term potentiation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21919. [PMID: 38082035 PMCID: PMC10713680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are an emerging class of synaptic regulators. These small noncoding RNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, thereby altering neuronal pathways and shaping cell-to-cell communication. Their ability to rapidly alter gene expression and target multiple pathways makes them interesting candidates in the study of synaptic plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that the proconvulsive microRNA miR-324-5p regulates excitatory synapse structure and function in the hippocampus of mice. Both Mir324 knockout (KO) and miR-324-5p antagomir treatment significantly reduce dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 subregion, and Mir324 KO, but not miR-324-5p antagomir treatment, shift dendritic spine morphology, reducing the proportion of thin, "unstable" spines. Western blot and quantitative Real-Time PCR revealed changes in protein and mRNA levels for potassium channels, cytoskeletal components, and synaptic markers, including MAP2 and Kv4.2, which are important for long-term potentiation (LTP). In line with these findings, slice electrophysiology revealed that LTP is severely impaired in Mir324 KO mice, while neurotransmitter release probability remains unchanged. Overall, this study demonstrates that miR-324-5p regulates dendritic spine density, morphology, and plasticity in the hippocampus, potentially via multiple cytoskeletal and synaptic modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Parkins
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Darrin H Brager
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Rymer
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - John M Burwinkel
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Diego Rojas
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Durgesh Tiwari
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Transgenic Animal and Genome Editing Core Facility, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Christina Gross
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McGann AM, Westerkamp GC, Chalasani A, Danzer CSK, Parkins EV, Rajathi V, Horn PS, Pedapati EV, Tiwari D, Danzer SC, Gross C. MiR-324-5p inhibition after intrahippocampal kainic acid-induced status epilepticus does not prevent epileptogenesis in mice. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1280606. [PMID: 38033777 PMCID: PMC10687438 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1280606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acquired epilepsies are caused by an initial brain insult that is followed by epileptogenesis and finally the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures. The mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis are not fully understood. MicroRNAs regulate mRNA translation and stability and are frequently implicated in epilepsy. For example, antagonism of a specific microRNA, miR-324-5p, before brain insult and in a model of chronic epilepsy decreases seizure susceptibility and frequency, respectively. Here, we tested whether antagonism of miR-324-5p during epileptogenesis inhibits the development of epilepsy. Methods We used the intrahippocampal kainic acid (IHpKa) model to initiate epileptogenesis in male wild type C57BL/6 J mice aged 6-8 weeks. Twenty-four hours after IHpKa, we administered a miR-324-5p or scrambled control antagomir intracerebroventricularly and implanted cortical surface electrodes for EEG monitoring. EEG data was collected for 28 days and analyzed for seizure frequency and duration, interictal spike activity, and EEG power. Brains were collected for histological analysis. Results Histological analysis of brain tissue showed that IHpKa caused characteristic hippocampal damage in most mice regardless of treatment. Antagomir treatment did not affect latency to, frequency, or duration of spontaneous recurrent seizures or interictal spike activity but did alter the temporal development of frequency band-specific EEG power. Conclusion These results suggest that miR-324-5p inhibition during epileptogenesis induced by status epilepticus does not convey anti-epileptogenic effects despite having subtle effects on EEG frequency bands. Our results highlight the importance of timing of intervention across epilepsy development and suggest that miR-324-5p may act primarily as a proconvulsant rather than a pro-epileptogenic regulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. McGann
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Grace C. Westerkamp
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alisha Chalasani
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Cole S. K. Danzer
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Emma V. Parkins
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Valerine Rajathi
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Paul S. Horn
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ernest V. Pedapati
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Durgesh Tiwari
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Steve C. Danzer
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christina Gross
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fawcett J, Davis S, Manford M. Further advances in epilepsy. J Neurol 2023; 270:5655-5670. [PMID: 37458794 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, one of us reviewed advances in epilepsy (Manford in J Neurol 264:1811-1824, 2017). The current paper brings that review up to date and gives a slight change in emphasis. Once again, the story is of evolution rather than revolution. In recognition that most of our current medications act on neurotransmitters or ion channels, and not on the underlying changes in connectivity and pathways, they have been renamed as antiseizure (ASM) medications rather than antiepileptic drugs. Cenobamate is the one newly licensed medication for broader use in focal epilepsy but there have been a number of developments for specific disorders. We review new players and look forward to new developments in the light of evolving underlying science. We look at teratogenicity; old villains and new concerns in which clinicians play a vital role in explaining and balancing the risks. Medical treatment of status epilepticus, long without evidence, has benefitted from high-quality trials to inform practice; like buses, several arriving at once. Surgical treatment continues to be refined with improvements in the pre-surgical evaluation of patients, especially with new imaging techniques. Alternatives including stereotactic radiotherapy have received further focus and targets for palliative stimulation techniques have grown in number. Individuals' autonomy and quality of life continue to be the subject of research with refinement of what clinicians can do to help persons with epilepsy (PWE) achieve control. This includes seizure management but extends to broader considerations of human empowerment, needs and desires, which may be aided by emerging technologies such as seizure detection devices. The role of specialist nurses in improving that quality has been reinforced by specific endorsement from the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fawcett
- Department of Neurology, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
| | - Sarah Davis
- Department of Neurology, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
| | - Mark Manford
- Department of Neurology, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parkins EV, Burwinkel JM, Ranatunga R, Yaser S, Hu YC, Tiwari D, Gross C. Age-Dependent Regulation of Dendritic Spine Density and Protein Expression in Mir324 KO Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:818-830. [PMID: 37773316 PMCID: PMC10793736 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, dynamic protrusions along the dendrite that comprise more than 90% of excitatory connections in the brain, making them essential sites for neuronal communication. These synaptic sites change throughout the process of development, reducing in density and shifting morphology as synapses are refined. One important class of dendritic spine regulators is microRNA (miRNA), small-noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Several studies suggest that miRNA-324-5p regulates dendritic spine formation. In addition, we have previously shown that miR-324-5p plays a role in seizure and long-term potentiation, both of which involve dendritic spine changes. In this study, we aimed to characterize the role of miRNA-324-5p in developmental spine regulation by assessing the effect of Mir324 knockout (KO) on dendritic spine density and expression of a subset of dendritic proteins at select developmental time points. We show that miR-324-5p expression is developmentally regulated and peaks at 4 weeks of age. We demonstrate that loss of miR-324-5p expression leads to differential changes in both target protein expression and spine density at different time points during development, disrupting the pattern of spine density changes and leading to a premature loss of dendritic spines in KO mice, which is compensated later. Our findings indicate that miR-324-5p plays a role in synaptic refinement across development. Additionally, our data illustrate the importance of context in the study of miRNA, as regulation by and/or of miRNA can vary dramatically across development and in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Parkins
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - John M Burwinkel
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ruvi Ranatunga
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sarah Yaser
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Transgenic Animal and Genome Editing Core Facility, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Durgesh Tiwari
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Christina Gross
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Parkins EV, Burwinkel JM, Ranatunga R, Yaser S, Hu YC, Tiwari D, Gross C. Age-dependent regulation of dendritic spine density and protein expression in Mir324 KO mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3221779. [PMID: 37609225 PMCID: PMC10441466 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3221779/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, dynamic protrusions along the dendrite that comprise more than 90% of excitatory connections in the brain, making them essential sites for neuronal communication. These synaptic sites change throughout the process of development, reducing in density and shifting morphology as synapses are refined. One important class of dendritic spine regulators is microRNA (miRNA), small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Several studies suggest that miRNA-324-5p regulates dendritic spine formation. In addition, we have previously shown that miR-324-5p plays a role in seizure and long-term potentiation, both of which involve dendritic spine changes. In this study, we aimed to characterize the role of miRNA-324-5p in developmental spine regulation by assessing the effect of Mir324 knockout (KO) on dendritic spine density and expression of a subset of dendritic proteins at select developmental time points. We show that miR-324-5p expression is developmentally regulated and peaks at four weeks of age. We demonstrate that loss of miR-324-5p expression leads to differential changes in both target protein expression and spine density at different time points during development, disrupting the pattern of spine density changes and leading to a premature loss of dendritic spines in KO mice, which is compensated later. Our findings indicate that miR-324-5p plays a role in synaptic refinement across development. Additionally, our data illustrate the importance of context in the study of miRNA, as regulation by and/or of miRNA can vary dramatically across development and in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Yaser
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heiland M, Connolly NMC, Mamad O, Nguyen NT, Kesavan JC, Langa E, Fanning K, Sanfeliu A, Yan Y, Su J, Venø MT, Costard LS, Neubert V, Engel T, Hill TDM, Freiman TM, Mahesh A, Tiwari VK, Rosenow F, Bauer S, Kjems J, Morris G, Henshall DC. MicroRNA-335-5p suppresses voltage-gated sodium channel expression and may be a target for seizure control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216658120. [PMID: 37463203 PMCID: PMC10372546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216658120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There remains an urgent need for new therapies for treatment-resistant epilepsy. Sodium channel blockers are effective for seizure control in common forms of epilepsy, but loss of sodium channel function underlies some genetic forms of epilepsy. Approaches that provide bidirectional control of sodium channel expression are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs which negatively regulate gene expression. Here we show that genome-wide miRNA screening of hippocampal tissue from a rat epilepsy model, mice treated with the antiseizure medicine cannabidiol, and plasma from patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy, converge on a single target-miR-335-5p. Pathway analysis on predicted and validated miR-335-5p targets identified multiple voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). Intracerebroventricular injection of antisense oligonucleotides against miR-335-5p resulted in upregulation of Scn1a, Scn2a, and Scn3a in the mouse brain and an increased action potential rising phase and greater excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in brain slice recordings, consistent with VGSCs as functional targets of miR-335-5p. Blocking miR-335-5p also increased voltage-gated sodium currents and SCN1A, SCN2A, and SCN3A expression in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Inhibition of miR-335-5p increased susceptibility to tonic-clonic seizures in the pentylenetetrazol seizure model, whereas adeno-associated virus 9-mediated overexpression of miR-335-5p reduced seizure severity and improved survival. These studies suggest modulation of miR-335-5p may be a means to regulate VGSCs and affect neuronal excitability and seizures. Changes to miR-335-5p may reflect compensatory mechanisms to control excitability and could provide biomarker or therapeutic strategies for different types of treatment-resistant epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Heiland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Niamh M. C. Connolly
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Omar Mamad
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ngoc T. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Jaideep C. Kesavan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Elena Langa
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Kevin Fanning
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Albert Sanfeliu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Yan Yan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Omiics, 8200Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Junyi Su
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten T. Venø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Omiics, 8200Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lara S. Costard
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Valentin Neubert
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Thomas D. M. Hill
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Thomas M. Freiman
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, Rostock18057, Germany
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000Odense, Denmark
| | - Vijay K. Tiwari
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000Odense, Denmark
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University, BelfastBT9 7BL, United Kingdom
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000Odense, Denmark
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gareth Morris
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang LM, Chen L, Zhao YF, Duan WM, Zhong LM, Liu MW. Identification of key potassium channel genes of temporal lobe epilepsy by bioinformatics analyses and experimental verification. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1175007. [PMID: 37483435 PMCID: PMC10361730 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1175007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most prevalent types of epilepsy is temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), which has unknown etiological factors and drug resistance. The detailed mechanisms underlying potassium channels in human TLE have not yet been elucidated. Hence, this study aimed to mine potassium channel genes linked to TLE using a bioinformatic approach. The results found that Four key TLE-related potassium channel genes (TERKPCGs) were identified: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member (KCNA) 1, KCNA2, potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ11), and KCNS1. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to analyze the relationship between TERKPCGs and other key module genes. The results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for a single gene indicated that the four TERKPCGs were highly linked to the cation channel, potassium channel, respiratory chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. The mRNA-TF network was established using four mRNAs and 113 predicted transcription factors. A ceRNA network containing seven miRNAs, two mRNAs, and 244 lncRNAs was constructed based on the TERKPCGs. Three common small-molecule drugs (enflurane, promethazine, and miconazole) target KCNA1, KCNA2, and KCNS1. Ten small-molecule drugs (glimepiride, diazoxide, levosimendan, and thiamylal et al.) were retrieved for KCNJ11. Compared to normal mice, the expression of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNJ11, and KCNS1 was downregulated in the brain tissue of the epilepsy mouse model at both the transcriptional and translational levels, which was consistent with the trend of human data from the public database. The results indicated that key potassium channel genes linked to TLE were identified based on bioinformatics analysis to investigate the potential significance of potassium channel genes in the development and treatment of TLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-fei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-mei Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lian-mei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-wei Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu Z, Huang X, Du M, Wu C, Fu J, Tan W, Wu B, Zhang J, Liao ZB. Recent advances in the role of miRNAs in post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2630-2644. [PMID: 37340171 PMCID: PMC10615752 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is usually considered a psychiatric disorder upon emotional trauma. However, with the rising number of conflicts and traffic accidents around the world, the incidence of PTSD has skyrocketed along with traumatic brain injury (TBI), a complex neuropathological disease due to external physical force and is also the most common concurrent disease of PTSD. Recently, the overlap between PTSD and TBI is increasingly attracting attention, as it has the potential to stimulate the emergence of novel treatments for both conditions. Of note, treatments exploiting the microRNAs (miRNAs), a well-known class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have rapidly gained momentum in many nervous system disorders, given the miRNAs' multitudinous and key regulatory role in various biological processes, including neural development and normal functioning of the nervous system. Currently, a wealth of studies has elucidated the similarities of PTSD and TBI in pathophysiology and symptoms; however, there is a dearth of discussion with respect to miRNAs in both PTSD and TBI. In this review, we summarize the recent available studies of miRNAs in PTSD and TBI and discuss and highlight promising miRNAs therapeutics for both conditions in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuekang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengran Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiayuanyuan Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weilin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Biying Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Z B Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Urdánoz-Casado A, Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa J, Robles M, Roldan M, Macías Conde M, Acha B, Blanco-Luquin I, Mendioroz M. circRNA from APP Gene Changes in Alzheimer's Disease Human Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054308. [PMID: 36901741 PMCID: PMC10002054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the precursor of Aβ peptides, and its role in AD has been widely investigated. Recently, it has been reported that a circular RNA (circRNA) originated from APP gene can serve as a template for Aβ synthesis, postulating it as an alternative pathway for the Aβ biogenesis. Moreover, circRNAs play important roles in brain development and in neurological diseases. Therefore, our aim was to study the expression of a circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) and its linear cognate in AD human entorhinal cortex, a brain region most vulnerable to AD pathology. First, we confirmed the presence of circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) in human entorhinal cortex samples using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing of PCR products. Next, a 0.49-fold decrease in circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) levels was observed in entorhinal cortex of AD cases compared to controls (p-value < 0.05) by qPCR. In contrast, APP mRNA expression did not show changes in the entorhinal cortex between AD cases and controls (Fold-change = 1.06; p-value = 0.81). A negative correlation was found between Aβ deposits and circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) and APP expression levels (Rho Spearman = -0.56, p-value < 0.001 and Rho Spearman = -0.44, p-values < 0.001, respectively). Finally, by using bioinformatics tools, 17 miRNAs were predicted to bind circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556), and the functional analysis predicted that they were involved in some pathways, such as the Wnt-signaling pathway (p = 3.32 × 10-6). Long-term potentiation (p = 2.86 × 10-5), among others, is known to be altered in AD. To sum up, we show that circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) is deregulated in the entorhinal cortex of AD patients. These results add to the notion that circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) could be playing a role in the pathogenesis of AD disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Urdánoz-Casado
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Maitane Robles
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Miren Roldan
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Mónica Macías Conde
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Blanca Acha
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Maite Mendioroz
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-848422677
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun X, Lv Y, Lin J. The mechanism of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A mini review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1137182. [PMID: 36815002 PMCID: PMC9939452 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1137182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is defined as a sudden, unexpected, non-traumatic, non-drowning death in a person with epilepsy. SUDEP is generally considered to result from seizure-related cardiac dysfunction, respiratory depression, autonomic nervous dysfunction, or brain dysfunction. Frequency of generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS), prone posture, and refractory epilepsy are considered risk factors. SUDEP has also been associated with inherited cardiac ion channel disease and severe obstructive sleep apnea. Most previous studies of SUDEP mechanisms have focused on cardiac and respiratory dysfunction and imbalance of the neural regulatory system. Cardiac-related mechanisms include reduction in heart rate variability and prolongation of QT interval, which can lead to arrhythmias. Laryngospasm and amygdala activation may cause obstructive and central apnea, respectively. Neural mechanisms include impairment of 5-HT and adenosine neuromodulation. The research to date regarding molecular mechanisms of SUDEP is relatively limited. Most studies have focused on p-glycoprotein, catecholamines, potassium channels, and the renin-angiotensin system, all of which affect cardiac and respiratory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yehui Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,Institute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yehui Lv ✉
| | - Jian Lin
- Institute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang S, He X, Bao N, Chen M, Ding X, Zhang M, Zhao L, Wang S, Jiang G. Potentials of miR-9-5p in promoting epileptic seizure and improving survival of glioma patients. ACTA EPILEPTOLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42494-022-00097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epilepsy affects over 70 million people worldwide; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have essential functions in epilepsy. miRNA-9, a brain-specific/enriched miRNA, plays a role in various nervous system diseases and tumors, but whether miRNA-9 is involved in epilepsy and glioma-associated epilepsy remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the potential role of miR-9-5p in seizures and its effect on the survival of glioma patients, in order to provide new targets for the treatment of epilepsy and glioma.
Methods
The YM500v2 database was used to validate the expression of hsa-miR-9-5p in tissues. Moreover, qRT-PCR was performed to investigate the expression of miR-9-5p in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and rats with lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizures. Recombinant adeno-associated virus containing miR-9-5p was constructed to overexpress miR-9-5p in vivo. The effects of miR-9-5p on the behavior and electroencephalographic activities of the lithium-pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy were tested. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the targets of miR-9-5p and explore its potential role in epilepsy and glioma-associated epilepsy.
Results
The expression of miR-9-5p increased at 6 h and 7 days after lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. Overexpression of miR-9-5p significantly shortened the latency of seizures and increased seizure intensity at 10 min and 20 min after administration of pilocarpine (P < 0.05). Predicted targets of miR-9-5p were abundant and enriched in the brain, and affected various pathways related to epilepsy and tumor. Survival analysis revealed that overexpression of miR-9-5p significantly improved the survival of patients from with low-grade gliomas and glioblastomas. The involvement of miR-9-5p in the glioma-associated epileptic seizures and the improvement of glioma survival may be related to multiple pathways, including the Rho GTPases and hub genes included SH3PXD2B, ARF6, and ANK2.
Conclusions
miR-9-5p may play a key role in promoting epileptic seizures and improving glioma survival, probably through multiple pathways, including GTPases of the Rho family and hub genes including SH3PXD2B, ARF6 and ANK2. Understanding the roles of miR-9-5p in epilepsy and glioma and the underlying mechanisms may provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy and glioma.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao K, Lin Z, Wen S, Jiang Y. Potassium channels and epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:699-707. [PMID: 36225112 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With the development and application of next-generation sequencing technology, the aetiological diagnosis of genetic epilepsy is rapidly becoming easier and less expensive. Additionally, there is a growing body of research into precision therapy based on genetic diagnosis. The numerous genes in the potassium ion channel family constitute the largest family of ion channels: this family is divided into different subtypes. Potassium ion channels play a crucial role in the electrical activity of neurons and are directly involved in the mechanism of epileptic seizures. In China, scientific research on genetic diagnosis and studies of precision therapy for genetic epilepsy are progressing rapidly. Many cases of epilepsy caused by mutation of potassium channel genes have been identified, and several potassium channel gene targets and drug candidates have been discovered. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the progress of research on the precise diagnosis and treatment of potassium ion channel-related genetic epilepsy, especially the research conducted in China. Here in, we review several large cohort studies on the genetic diagnosis of epilepsy in China in recent years, summarized the proportion of potassium channel genes. We focus on the progress of precison therapy on some hot epilepsy related potassium channel genes: KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNB1, KCNC1, KCND2, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, KCNMA1, and KCNT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China.,Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zehong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China.,Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China.,Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Investigation of MicroRNA-134 as a Target against Seizures and SUDEP in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0112-22.2022. [PMID: 36240080 PMCID: PMC9522462 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0112-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a catastrophic form of pediatric epilepsy mainly caused by noninherited mutations in the SCN1A gene. DS patients suffer severe and life-threatening focal and generalized seizures which are often refractory to available anti-seizure medication. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) based approaches may offer treatment opportunities in DS. MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that play a key role in brain structure and function by post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression, including ion channels. Inhibiting miRNA-134 (miR-134) using an antimiR ASO (Ant-134) has been shown to reduce evoked seizures in juvenile and adult mice and reduce epilepsy development in models of focal epilepsy. The present study investigated the levels of miR-134 and whether Ant-134 could protect against hyperthermia-induced seizures, spontaneous seizures and mortality (SUDEP) in F1.Scn1a(+/-)tm1kea mice. At P17, animals were intracerebroventricular injected with 0.1-1 nmol of Ant-134 and subject to a hyperthermia challenge at postnatal day (P)18. A second cohort of P21 F1.Scn1a(+/-)tm1kea mice received Ant-134 and were followed by video and EEG monitoring until P28 to track the incidence of spontaneous seizures and SUDEP. Hippocampal and cortical levels of miR-134 were similar between wild-type (WT) and F1.Scn1a(+/-)tm1kea mice. Moreover, Ant-134 had no effect on hyperthermia-induced seizures, spontaneous seizures and SUDEP incidence were unchanged in Ant-134-treated DS mice. These findings suggest that targeting miR-134 does not have therapeutic applications in DS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kadkhoda S, Hussen BM, Eslami S, Ghafouri-Fard S. A review on the role of miRNA-324 in various diseases. Front Genet 2022; 13:950162. [PMID: 36035118 PMCID: PMC9399342 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.950162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed important functions of several microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of human diseases. miR-324 is an example of miRNAs with crucial impacts on the pathogenesis of a wide range of disorders. Gene ontology studies have indicated possible role of miR-324 in responses of cells to the leukemia inhibitory factor, long-term synaptic potentiation, positive regulation of cytokines production and sensory perception of sound. In human, miR-324 is encoded by MIR324 gene which resides on chromosome 17p13.1. In the current manuscript, we provide a concise review of the role of miR-324 in the pathogenesis of cancers as well as non-cancerous conditions such as aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, diabetic nephropathy, epilepsy, pulmonary/renal fibrosis, ischemic stroke and ischemia reperfusion injuries. Moreover, we summarize the role of this miRNA as a prognostic marker for malignant disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Solat Eslami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Su Z, Li Y, Chen S, Liu X, Zhao K, Peng Y, Zhou L. Identification of Ion Channel-Related Genes and miRNA-mRNA Networks in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Genet 2022; 13:853529. [PMID: 35422840 PMCID: PMC9001885 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.853529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: It aimed to construct the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network related to ion channel genes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), and further identify the vital node in the network. Methods: Firstly, we identified ion channel-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mTLE using the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology (GTP) database, neXtProt database, GeneCards database, and the high-throughput sequencing dataset. Then the STRING online database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs, and the hub module in the PPI network was identified using the cytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape software. In addition, the Single Cell Portal database was used to distinguish genes expression in different cell types. Based on the TarBase database, EpimiRBase database and the high-throughput sequencing dataset GSE99455, miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed from selected miRNAs and their corresponding target genes from the identified DEGs. Finally, the rats were selected to construct chronic li-pilocarpine epilepsy model for the next stage experimental verification, and the miR-27a-3p mimic was used to regulate the miRNA expression level in PC12 cells. The relative expression of miR-27a-3p and its targeting mRNAs were determined by RT-qPCR. Results: 80 mTLE ion channel-related DEGs had been screened. The functional enrichment analysis results of these genes were highly enriched in voltage-gated channel activation and ion transport across membranes. In addition, the hub module, consisting of the Top20 genes in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, was identified, which was mainly enriched in excitatory neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Besides, 14 miRNAs targeting hub module genes were screened, especially the miR-27a-3p deserving particular attention. miR-27a-3p was capable of regulating multiple mTLE ion channel-related DEGs. Moreover, in Li–pilocarpine-induced epilepsy models, the expression level of miR-27a-3p was increased and the mRNAs expression level of KCNB1, SCN1B and KCNQ2 was decreased significantly. The mRNAs expression level of KCNB1 and KCNQ2 was decreased significantly following PC12 cells transfection with miR-27a-3p mimics. Conclusion: The hub ion channel-related DEGs in mTLE and the miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks had been identified. Moreover, the network of miR-27a-3p regulating ion channel genes will be of great value in mTLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Su
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinchao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuda Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianyue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liemin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
AMPK-Regulated Astrocytic Lactate Shuttle Plays a Non-Cell-Autonomous Role in Neuronal Survival. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108092. [PMID: 32877674 PMCID: PMC7531170 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate is used as an energy source by producer cells or shuttled to neighboring cells and tissues. Both glucose and lactate fulfill the bioenergetic demand of neurons, the latter imported from astrocytes. The contribution of astrocytic lactate to neuronal bioenergetics and the mechanisms of astrocytic lactate production are incompletely understood. Through in vivo1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 13C glucose mass spectroscopy, and electroencephalographic and molecular studies, here we show that the energy sensor AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates neuronal survival in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Ampk-null mice are deficient in brain lactate and are seizure prone. Ampk deletion in astroglia, but not neurons, causes neuronal loss in both mammalian and fly brains. Mechanistically, astrocytic AMPK phosphorylated and destabilized thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), enabling expression and surface translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT1, glucose uptake, and lactate production. Ampk loss in astrocytes causes TXNIP hyperstability, GLUT1 misregulation, inadequate glucose metabolism, and neuronal loss. Muraleedharan et al. demonstrate that AMPK is required for astrocytic glycolysis, lactate production, and lactate shuttle as an energy source to neurons such that AMPK loss in glia causes non-cell-autonomous neuronal loss in the mammalian and fly brain.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang C, Guo X, Wang Y, Wang H. Silencing of miR-324-5p alleviates rat spinal cord injury by Sirt1. Neurosci Res 2021; 173:34-43. [PMID: 34051279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI) as primary regulators. Previous studies have reported that miR-324-5p is involved in the modulation of neural injury, while the underlying mechanisms of miR-324-5p in SCI remain unclear. In a SCI rat model, miR-324-5p was significantly upregulated in the spinal cord tissues after SCI. Downregulation of miR-324-5p via injection of adeno-associated viruses (AAV) expressing miR-324-5p inhibitor relieved animal motor deficits and pathological changes in the tissues. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-324-5p significantly altered the expression of genes regulating neural growth, apoptosis, and the inflammatory and antioxidant response, which are implicated in SCI pathogenesis. In a H2O2-induced cell injury model, miR-324-5p silencing rescued the elevated apoptosis of PC12 cells. Finally, miR-324-5p directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region of NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) and negatively regulated the levels of Sirt1, an anti-inflammatory protein involved in SCI. Silencing of Sirt1 aggravated SCI and rescued the effects of miR-324-5p downregulation in rats. Overall, our findings indicated that silencing of miR-324-5p alleviates the loss of animal locomotion and concurrently mediates several degenerative processes relevant to the pathogenesis of SCI by Sirt1, which may provide clues for SCI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yangtai, 264001, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiuli Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yangtai, 264001, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yangtai, 264001, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yangtai, 264001, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hayman DJ, Modebadze T, Charlton S, Cheung K, Soul J, Lin H, Hao Y, Miles CG, Tsompani D, Jackson RM, Briggs MD, Piróg KA, Clark IM, Barter MJ, Clowry GJ, LeBeau FEN, Young DA. Increased hippocampal excitability in miR-324-null mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10452. [PMID: 34001919 PMCID: PMC8129095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that act to downregulate the expression of target genes by translational repression and degradation of messenger RNA molecules. Individual microRNAs have the ability to specifically target a wide array of gene transcripts, therefore allowing each microRNA to play key roles in multiple biological pathways. miR-324 is a microRNA predicted to target thousands of RNA transcripts and is expressed far more highly in the brain than in any other tissue, suggesting that it may play a role in one or multiple neurological pathways. Here we present data from the first global miR-324-null mice, in which increased excitability and interictal discharges were identified in vitro in the hippocampus. RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes in miR-324-null mice which may contribute to this increased hippocampal excitability, and 3'UTR luciferase assays and western blotting revealed that two of these, Suox and Cd300lf, are novel direct targets of miR-324. Characterisation of microRNAs that produce an effect on neurological activity, such as miR-324, and identification of the pathways they regulate will allow a better understanding of the processes involved in normal neurological function and in turn may present novel pharmaceutical targets in treating neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Hayman
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Tamara Modebadze
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sarah Charlton
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kat Cheung
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jamie Soul
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Hua Lin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Yao Hao
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Orthopedics Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Colin G Miles
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Dimitra Tsompani
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Robert M Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Michael D Briggs
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Katarzyna A Piróg
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ian M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Matt J Barter
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Gavin J Clowry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Fiona E N LeBeau
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - David A Young
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Opportunities and challenges for microRNA-targeting therapeutics for epilepsy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:605-616. [PMID: 33992468 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common and serious neurological disorder characterised by recurrent spontaneous seizures. Frontline pharmacotherapy includes small-molecule antiseizure drugs that typically target ion channels and neurotransmitter systems, but these fail in 30% of patients and do not prevent either the development or progression of epilepsy. An emerging therapeutic target is microRNA (miRNA), small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate sets of proteins. Their multitargeting action offers unique advantages for certain forms of epilepsy with complex underlying pathophysiology, such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). miRNA can be inhibited by designed antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs; e.g., antimiRs). Here, we outline the prospects for miRNA-based therapies. We review design considerations for nucleic acid-based approaches and the challenges and next steps in developing therapeutic miRNA-targeting molecules for epilepsy.
Collapse
|
21
|
Singh S, Singh TG, Rehni AK. An Insight into Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Epileptogenesis. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:750-779. [PMID: 32914725 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200910153827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the second most common neurological disease with abnormal neural activity involving the activation of various intracellular signalling transduction mechanisms. The molecular and system biology mechanisms responsible for epileptogenesis are not well defined or understood. Neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and Epigenetic modification elicit epileptogenesis. The excessive neuronal activities in the brain are associated with neurochemical changes underlying the deleterious consequences of excitotoxicity. The prolonged repetitive excessive neuronal activities extended to brain tissue injury by the activation of microglia regulating abnormal neuroglia remodelling and monocyte infiltration in response to brain lesions inducing axonal sprouting contributing to neurodegeneration. The alteration of various downstream transduction pathways resulted in intracellular stress responses associating endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, activation of nucleases, proteases mediated neuronal death. The recently novel pharmacological agents modulate various receptors like mTOR, COX-2, TRK, JAK-STAT, epigenetic modulators and neurosteroids are used for attenuation of epileptogenesis. Whereas the various molecular changes like the mutation of the cell surface, nuclear receptor and ion channels focusing on repetitive episodic seizures have been explored by preclinical and clinical studies. Despite effective pharmacotherapy for epilepsy, the inadequate understanding of precise mechanisms, drug resistance and therapeutic failure are the current fundamental problems in epilepsy. Therefore, the novel pharmacological approaches evaluated for efficacy on experimental models of epilepsy need to be identified and validated. In addition, we need to understand the downstream signalling pathways of new targets for the treatment of epilepsy. This review emphasizes on the current state of novel molecular targets as therapeutic approaches and future directions for the management of epileptogenesis. Novel pharmacological approaches and clinical exploration are essential to make new frontiers in curing epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashish Kumar Rehni
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tiwari D, Schaefer TL, Schroeder-Carter LM, Krzeski JC, Bunk AT, Parkins EV, Snider A, Danzer R, Williams MT, Vorhees CV, Danzer SC, Gross C. The potassium channel Kv4.2 regulates dendritic spine morphology, electroencephalographic characteristics and seizure susceptibility in mice. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113437. [PMID: 32822706 PMCID: PMC7642025 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv4.2 is a critical regulator of dendritic excitability in the hippocampus and is crucial for dendritic signal integration. Kv4.2 mRNA and protein expression as well as function are reduced in several genetic and pharmacologically induced rodent models of epilepsy and autism. It is not known, however, whether reduced Kv4.2 is just an epiphenomenon or a disease-contributing cause of neuronal hyperexcitability and behavioral impairments in these neurological disorders. To address this question, we used male and female mice heterozygous for a Kv.2 deletion and adult-onset manipulation of hippocampal Kv4.2 expression in male mice to assess the role of Kv4.2 in regulating neuronal network excitability, morphology and anxiety-related behaviors. We observed a reduction in dendritic spine density and reduced proportions of thin and stubby spines but no changes in anxiety, overall activity, or retention of conditioned freezing memory in Kv4.2 heterozygous mice compared with wildtype littermates. Using EEG analyses, we showed elevated theta power and increased spike frequency in Kv4.2 heterozygous mice under basal conditions. In addition, the latency to onset of kainic acid-induced seizures was significantly shortened in Kv4.2 heterozygous mice compared with wildtype littermates, which was accompanied by a significant increase in theta power. By contrast, overexpressing Kv4.2 in wildtype mice through intrahippocampal injection of Kv4.2-expressing lentivirus delayed seizure onset and reduced EEG power. These results suggest that Kv4.2 is an important regulator of neuronal network excitability and dendritic spine morphology, but not anxiety-related behaviors. In the future, manipulation of Kv4.2 expression could be used to alter seizure susceptibility in epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Tiwari
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tori L Schaefer
- Division of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Krzeski
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alexander T Bunk
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emma V Parkins
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew Snider
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Reese Danzer
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael T Williams
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feng Y, Yang H, Yue Y, Tian F. MicroRNAs and target genes in epileptogenesis. Epilepsia 2020; 61:2086-2096. [PMID: 32944964 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain dysfunction. Current antiepileptic medicines cannot prevent epileptogenesis. Increasing data have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are selectively altered within the epileptic hippocampi of experimental models and human tissues, and these alterations affect the genes that control epileptogenesis. Furthermore, manipulation of miRNAs in animal models can modify epileptogenesis. As a result, miRNAs have been proposed as promising targets for treating epilepsy. We searched PubMed using the terms "microRNAs/miRNAs AND epilepsy", "microRNAs/miRNAs AND epileptogenesis", and "microRNAs/miRNAs AND seizure". We selected the articles in which the relationship between miRNAs and target gene(s) was validated and manipulation of miRNAs in in vivo epilepsy models modified epileptogenesis during the chronic phase via gene regulation. A total of 13 miRNAs were found in the present review. Based on the current analysis of miRNAs and their target gene(s), each miRNA has limitations as a potential epilepsy target. Importantly, miR-211 or miR-128 transgenic mice displayed seizures. These findings highlight new developments for epileptogenesis prevention. Developing novel strategies to modify epileptogenesis will be effective in curing epilepsy patients. This article provides an overview of the clinical application of miRNAs as novel targets for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haojun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinyan Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fafa Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
White AR, Tiwari D, MacLeod MC, Danzer SC, Gross C. PI3K isoform-selective inhibition in neuron-specific PTEN-deficient mice rescues molecular defects and reduces epilepsy-associated phenotypes. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105026. [PMID: 32712265 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy affects all ages, races, genders, and socioeconomic groups. In about one third of patients, epilepsy is uncontrolled with current medications, leaving a vast need for improved therapies. The causes of epilepsy are diverse and not always known but one gene mutated in a small subpopulation of patients is phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Moreover, focal cortical dysplasia, which constitutes a large fraction of refractory epilepsies, has been associated with signaling defects downstream of PTEN. So far, most preclinical attempts to reverse PTEN deficiency-associated neurological deficits have focused on mTOR, a signaling hub several steps downstream of PTEN. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), by contrast, are the direct enzymatic counteractors of PTEN, and thus may be alternative treatment targets. PI3K activity is mediated by four different PI3K catalytic isoforms. Studies in cancer, where PTEN is commonly mutated, have demonstrated that inhibition of only one isoform, p110β, reduces progression of PTEN-deficient tumors. Importantly, inhibition of a single PI3K isoform leaves critical functions of general PI3K signaling throughout the body intact. Here, we show that this disease mechanism-targeted strategy borrowed from cancer research rescues or ameliorates neuronal phenotypes in male and female mice with neuron-specific PTEN deficiency. These phenotypes include cell signaling defects, protein synthesis aberrations, seizures, and cortical dysplasia. Of note, p110β is also dysregulated and a promising treatment target in the intellectual disability Fragile X syndrome, pointing towards a shared biological mechanism that is therapeutically targetable in neurodevelopmental disorders of different etiologies. Overall, this work advocates for further assessment of p110β inhibition not only in PTEN deficiency-associated neurodevelopmental diseases but also other brain disorders characterized by defects in the PI3K/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R White
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Durgesh Tiwari
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45229, USA
| | - Molly C MacLeod
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45229, USA
| | - Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
MicroRNAs as regulators of brain function and targets for treatment of epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:506-519. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
26
|
van Loo KMJ, Becker AJ. Transcriptional Regulation of Channelopathies in Genetic and Acquired Epilepsies. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:587. [PMID: 31992970 PMCID: PMC6971179 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent uncontrolled seizures and has an idiopathic “genetic” etiology or a symptomatic “acquired” component. Genetic studies have revealed that many epilepsy susceptibility genes encode ion channels, including voltage-gated sodium, potassium and calcium channels. The high prevalence of ion channels in epilepsy pathogenesis led to the causative concept of “ion channelopathies,” which can be elicited by specific mutations in the coding or promoter regions of genes in genetic epilepsies. Intriguingly, expression changes of the same ion channel genes by augmentation of specific transcription factors (TFs) early after an insult can underlie acquired epilepsies. In this study, we review how the transcriptional regulation of ion channels in both genetic and acquired epilepsies can be controlled, and compare these epilepsy “ion channelopathies” with other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M J van Loo
- Department of Neuropathology, Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Albert J Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The contribution of an impaired astrocytic K+ regulation system to epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability has been increasingly recognized in the last decade. A defective K+ regulation leads to an elevated extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o). When [K+]o reaches peaks of 10-12 mM, it is strongly associated with seizure initiation during hypersynchronous neuronal activities. On the other hand, reactive astrocytes during a seizure attack restrict influx of K+ across the membrane both passively and actively. In addition to decreased K+ buffering, aberrant Ca2+ signaling and declined glutamate transport have also been observed in astrogliosis in epileptic specimens, precipitating an increased neuronal discharge and induction of seizures. This review aims to provide an overview of experimental findings that implicated astrocytic modulation of extracellular K+ in the mechanism of epileptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fushun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA; Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health; Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Su ZJ, Wang XY, Zhou C, Chai Z. Down-regulation of miR-3068-3p enhances kcnip4-regulated A-type potassium current to protect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. J Neurochem 2019; 153:617-630. [PMID: 31792968 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main cause of excitotoxic neuronal death in ischemic stroke is the massive release of glutamate. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play an essential role in stroke pathology, although the molecular mechanisms remain to be investigated. Here, to identify potential candidate miRNAs involved in excitotoxicity, we treated rat primary cortical neurons with glutamate and found that miR-3068-3p, a novel miRNA, was up-regulated. We hypothesized that restoring miR-3068-3p expression might influence the neuronal injury outcomes. The inhibition of miR-3068-3p, using tough decoy lentiviruses, significantly attenuated the effects of glutamate on neuronal viability and intracellular calcium overload. To unravel the mechanisms, we employed bioinformatics analysis and RNA sequencing to identify downstream target genes. Additional luciferase assays and western blots validated kcnip4, a Kv4-mediated A-type potassium current (IA ) regulator, as a direct target of miR-3068-3p. The inhibition of miR-3068-3p increased kcnip4 expression and vice versa. In addition, the knockdown of kcnip4 by shRNA abolished the protective effect of miR-3068-3p, and over-expressing kcnip4 alone was sufficient to play a neuroprotective role in excitotoxicity. Moreover the inhibition of miR-3068-3p enhanced the IA density, and the pharmacological inhibition of IA abrogated the protective role of miR-3068-3p inhibition and kcnip4 over-expression. Therefore, we conclude that inhibition of miR-3068-3p protects against excitotoxicity via its target gene, kcnip4, and kcnip4-regulated IA . Our data suggest that the miR-3068-3p/kcnip4 axis may serve as a novel target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|