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Shao C, Luo T, Wang S, Li Z, Yu X, Wu Y, Jiang S, Zhou B, Song Q, Song S, Wang X, Song H. Selenium nanoparticles alleviates cadmium induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting ferroptosis and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143004. [PMID: 39097112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental toxicant that could cause serious damage to various organs including severe hepatotoxicity in intoxicated animals. Selenium has been reported to possess the protective effects against Cd toxicity, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects and mechanism of chitosan coated selenium nanoparticles (CS-SeNPs) against Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in animal and cellular models. ICR mice and rat hepatocyte BRL-3A cells were exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of CS-SeNPs. Analysis of histopathological images, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ultramicrostructure, serum liver enzyme activities, ferroptosis-related indicators contents, and further molecular biology experiments were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. In vivo experiment results showed that CdCl2 caused significant pathological damage involving significant increase of liver index, contents of tissue MDA and serum ALT and AST, and significant decrease of serum GSH-Px activity. Moreover, CdCl2 exposure upregulated ACSL4 and HO-1 protein levels, downregulated GPX4, TfR1, ferritin protein levels in the liver. Notably, CS-SeNPs increased the expression level of GPX4 and ameliorated CdCl2-induced changes in above-mentioned indicators. In vitro experimental results showed that treatment with CS-SeNPs significantly elevated GSH-Px activity and GPX4 protein level, reversed CdCl2-induced expression of several ferroptosis-related proteins TfR1, FTH1 and HO-1, and repressed ROS production and increased MMP of the cells exposed to CdCl2. Our research indicated that CdCl2 induced hepatocyte injury by inducing ferroptosis, while CS-SeNPs can inhibit ferroptosis and reduce the degree of hepatocyte injury. This study is of great significance for further revealing the mechanism of Cd hepatotoxicity and expanding the clinical application of SeNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongwang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuoyue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanjiang Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengzhe Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houhui Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Kumar A, Pal A, Singh P, Rani I, Tondolo V, Rongioletti M, Squitti R. Might Diet, APOE-APOA1 Axis, and Iron Metabolism Provide Clues About the Discrepancy in Alzheimer's Disease Occurrence Between Humans and Chimpanzees? A Bioinformatics-Based Re-Analysis of Gene Expression Data on Mice Fed with Human and Chimpanzee Diets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3750-3759. [PMID: 37938458 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of conflicting reports on the natural occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in non-human primates has prompted research on the comparison of the role of diet-associated changes in gene expression between humans and non-human primates. This article analyzes the effects of different human and chimpanzee diets and their link with apolipoproteins, lipid, and iron (Fe) metabolism, starting from available data, to find out any gap in the existing knowledge. By using a system biology approach, we have re-analyzed the liver and brain RNA seq data of mice fed with either human or chimpanzee diet for 2 weeks to look for genetic differences that may explain the differences in AD occurrence between those two classes. In liver samples of mice fed with the chimpanzee diet in comparison to the human diet, apolipoprotein A-1, ceruloplasmin, and 10 other genes were upregulated while 21 genes were downregulated. However, brain apolipoprotein E4 gene expression was not changed upon diet. Genetic, structural, and functional differences in apolipoprotein E protein, along with differences in Fe metabolisms and a longer lifespan of humans during evolution may account for the observed disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani, West Bengal, 741245, India.
| | - Parminder Singh
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Medical Sciences and Research (MMCMSR), Sadopur, Ambala, India
| | - Vincenzo Tondolo
- Digestive and Colorectal Surgery, Ospedale Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186, Rome, Italy
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Science, Ospedale Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Department of Laboratory Science, Ospedale Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186, Rome, Italy
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Maity S, Huang Y, Kilgore MD, Thurmon AN, Vaasjo LO, Galazo MJ, Xu X, Cao J, Wang X, Ning B, Liu N, Fan J. Mapping dynamic molecular changes in hippocampal subregions after traumatic brain injury through spatial proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:32. [PMID: 38735925 PMCID: PMC11089002 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in diverse molecular responses, challenging traditional proteomic studies that measure average changes at tissue levels and fail to capture the complexity and heterogeneity of the affected tissues. Spatial proteomics offers a solution by providing insights into sub-region-specific alterations within tissues. This study focuses on the hippocampal sub-regions, analyzing proteomic expression profiles in mice at the acute (1 day) and subacute (7 days) phases of post-TBI to understand subregion-specific vulnerabilities and long-term consequences. METHODS Three mice brains were collected from each group, including Sham, 1-day post-TBI and 7-day post-TBI. Hippocampal subregions were extracted using Laser Microdissection (LMD) and subsequently analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics. RESULTS The spatial analysis reveals region-specific protein abundance changes, highlighting the elevation of FN1, LGALS3BP, HP, and MUG-1 in the stratum moleculare (SM), suggesting potential immune cell enrichment post-TBI. Notably, established markers of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, IGHM and B2M, exhibit specific upregulation in the dentate gyrus bottom (DG2) independent of direct mechanical injury. Metabolic pathway analysis identifies disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism, coupled with activated cholesterol synthesis pathways enriched in SM at 7-Day post-TBI and subsequently in deeper DG1 and DG2 suggesting a role in neurogenesis and the onset of recovery. Coordinated activation of neuroglia and microtubule dynamics in DG2 suggest recovery mechanisms in less affected regions. Cluster analysis revealed spatial variations post-TBI, indicative of dysregulated neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis and further predisposition to neurological disorders. TBI-induced protein upregulation (MUG-1, PZP, GFAP, TJP, STAT-1, and CD44) across hippocampal sub-regions indicates shared molecular responses and links to neurological disorders. Spatial variations were demonstrated by proteins dysregulated in both or either of the time-points exclusively in each subregion (ELAVL2, CLIC1 in PL, CD44 and MUG-1 in SM, and SHOC2, LGALS3 in DG). CONCLUSIONS Utilizing advanced spatial proteomics techniques, the study unveils the dynamic molecular responses in distinct hippocampal subregions post-TBI. It uncovers region-specific vulnerabilities and dysregulated neuronal processes, and potential recovery-related pathways that contribute to our understanding of TBI's neurological consequences and provides valuable insights for biomarker discovery and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Maity
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mitchell D Kilgore
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Abbigail N Thurmon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Maria J Galazo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane University Translational Sciences Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Jia Fan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Phochantachinda S, Chantong B, Reamtong O, Chatchaisak D. Protein profiling and assessment of amyloid beta levels in plasma in canine refractory epilepsy. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1258244. [PMID: 38192726 PMCID: PMC10772147 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1258244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction has been investigated in canines, and memory impairment was prevalent in dogs with epilepsy. Additionally, canines with epilepsy have greater amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and neuronal degeneration than healthy controls. The present study investigated plasma Aβ42 levels and performed proteomic profiling in dogs with refractory epilepsy and healthy dogs. Methods In total, eight dogs, including four healthy dogs and four dogs with epilepsy, were included in the study. Blood samples were collected to analyze Aβ42 levels and perform proteomic profiling. Changes in the plasma proteomic profiles of dogs were determined by nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results and discussion The plasma Aβ42 level was significantly higher in dogs with epilepsy (99 pg/mL) than in healthy dogs (5.9 pg/mL). In total, 155 proteins were identified, and of these, the expression of 40 proteins was altered in epilepsy. Among these proteins, which are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, 10 (25%) were downregulated in dogs with epilepsy, whereas 12 (30%) were upregulated. The expression of the acute phase proteins haptoglobin and α2-macroglobulin significantly differed between the groups. Complement factor H and ceruloplasmin were only detected in epilepsy dogs, suggesting that neuroinflammation plays a role in epileptic seizures. Gelsolin, which is involved in cellular processes and cytoskeletal organization, was only detected in healthy dogs. Gene Ontology annotation revealed that epilepsy can potentially interfere with biological processes, including cellular processes, localization, and responses to stimuli. Seizures compromised key molecular functions, including catalytic activity, molecular function regulation, and binding. Defense/immunity proteins were most significantly modified during the development of epilepsy. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, complement and coagulation cascades were the most relevant signaling pathways affected by seizures. The findings suggested that haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, α2-macroglobulin, complement factor H, and gelsolin play roles in canine epilepsy and Aβ levels based on proteomic profiling. These proteins could represent diagnostic biomarkers that, after clinical validation, could be used in veterinary practice as well as proteins relevant to disease response pathways. To determine the precise mechanisms underlying these relationships and their implications in canine epilepsy, additional research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sataporn Phochantachinda
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Boonrat Chantong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Chatchaisak
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Squitti R, Reale G, Tondolo V, Crescenti D, Bellini S, Moci M, Caliandro P, Padua L, Rongioletti M. Imbalance of Essential Metals in Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Possible Link with Disorders of Consciousness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076867. [PMID: 37047843 PMCID: PMC10095508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the complex cerebral networks underlying wakefulness and awareness is responsible for Disorders of Consciousness (DoC). Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a common cause of DoC, and it is responsible for a multi-dimensional pathological cascade that affects the proper functioning of the brainstem and brain consciousness pathways. Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu) have a role in the neurophysiology of both the ascending reticular activating system, a multi-neurotransmitter network located in the brainstem that is crucial for consciousness, and several brain regions. We aimed to summarize the role of these essential metals in TBI and its possible link with consciousness alterations. We found that TBI alters many neuronal molecular mechanisms involving essential metals, causing neurodegeneration, neural apoptosis, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This final pattern resembles that described for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurological and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, we found that amantadine, zolpidem, and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-the most used treatments for DoC recovery-seem to have an effect on essential metals-related pathways and that Zn might be a promising new therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the neurophysiology of essential metals in the brain structures of consciousness and focuses on the mechanisms underlying their imbalance following TBI, suggesting their possible role in DoC. The scenario supports further studies aimed at getting a deeper insight into metals' role in DoC, in order to evaluate metal-based drugs, such as metal complexes and metal chelating agents, as potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Department of Laboratory Science, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Reale
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensità Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tondolo
- Digestive and Colorectal Surgery, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Crescenti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Moci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensità Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Caliandro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Padua
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensità Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Science, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
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Shi X, Zhou N, Sun B, Wu Y, Hu Y, Ning Y. Perivascular Space Predicts Brain Hypometabolism of Individuals with Underlying Amyloid Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1329-1337. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Reduced signal on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a valid proxy for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Perivascular space (PVS) is believed to be associated with AD pathology and cognitive decline. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations of PVS with FDG-PET and cognitive performance based on the burden of amyloid pathology. Methods: We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). MRI-visible PVS in basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semi-oval (CSO) were visually classified as: none/mild, moderate or frequent/severe. The association of PVS with brain FDG-PET was explored based on the burden of amyloid pathology, where a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) t-tau/Aβ42 with the ratio≥0.27 was defined as high amyloid pathology. Moreover, the relationships between PVS and cognitive performance variables (ADNI-MEM and ADNI-EF) were studied. Results: For participants with higher tau/Aβ42 ratio, CSO-PVS severity was independently associated with lower FDG-PET. There were significant interaction effects between moderate or frequent/severe CSO-PVS and time on FDG decline in people with high amyloid pathology. The interaction between CSO-PVS and time (follow-up) was consistently associated with ADNI-MEM and ADNI-EF decline in individuals with high amyloid pathology. Conclusion: The study established the differential utility of PVS in BG and CSO for predicting brain metabolism. These findings suggest that CSO-PVS serves as a contributing factor to brain metabolism and cognitive decline associated with amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Shi
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongshun Wu
- The Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yachun Hu
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Brain copper may protect from cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease pathology: a community-based study. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4307-4313. [PMID: 36195639 PMCID: PMC9764421 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient for brain health and dyshomeostasis of copper could have a pathophysiological role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, there are limited data from community-based samples. In this study, we investigate the association of brain copper (assessed using ICP-MS in four regions -inferior temporal, mid-frontal, anterior cingulate, and cerebellum) and dietary copper with cognitive decline and AD pathology burden (a quantitative summary of neurofibrillary tangles, diffuse and neuritic plaques in multiple brain regions) at autopsy examination among deceased participants (N = 657; age of death: 90.2(±6.2)years, 70% women, 25% APOE-ɛ4 carriers) in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. During annual visits, these participants completed cognitive assessments using a 19-test battery and dietary assessments (using a food frequency questionnaire). Regression, linear mixed-effects, and logistic models adjusted for age at death, sex, education, and APOE-ε4 status were used. Higher composite brain copper levels were associated with slower cognitive decline (β(SE) = 0.028(0.01), p = 0.001) and less global AD pathology (β(SE) = -0.069(0.02), p = 0.0004). Participants in the middle and highest tertile of dietary copper had slower cognitive decline (T2vs.T1: β = 0.038, p = 0.0008; T3vs.T1: β = 0.028, p = 0.01) than those in the lowest tertile. Dietary copper intake was not associated with brain copper levels or AD pathology. Associations of higher brain copper levels with slower cognitive decline and with less AD pathology support a role for copper dyshomeostasis in AD pathogenesis and suggest that lower brain copper may exacerbate or indicate disease severity. Dietary and brain copper are unrelated but dietary copper is associated with slower cognitive decline via an unknown mechanism.
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Pal A, Cerchiaro G, Rani I, Ventriglia M, Rongioletti M, Longobardi A, Squitti R. Iron in Alzheimer's Disease: From Physiology to Disease Disabilities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1248. [PMID: 36139084 PMCID: PMC9496246 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the neurodegeneration processes. Increased oxidative stress damages lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in brain tissue, and it is tied to the loss of biometal homeostasis. For this reason, attention has been focused on transition metals involved in several biochemical reactions producing ROS. Even though a bulk of evidence has uncovered the role of metals in the generation of the toxic pathways at the base of Alzheimer's disease (AD), this matter has been sidelined by the advent of the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis. However, the link between metals and AD has been investigated in the last two decades, focusing on their local accumulation in brain areas known to be critical for AD. Recent evidence revealed a relation between iron and AD, particularly in relation to its capacity to increase the risk of the disease through ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly summarize the major points characterizing the function of iron in our body and highlight why, even though it is essential for our life, we have to monitor its dysfunction, particularly if we want to control our risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani 741245, West Bengal, India
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bl.B, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University (MMU), Mullana, Ambala 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Mariacarla Ventriglia
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Longobardi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
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9
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Hawksworth J, Fernández E, Gevaert K. A new generation of AD biomarkers: 2019 to 2021. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101654. [PMID: 35636691 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and cases are rising worldwide. The effort to fight this disease is hampered by a lack of disease-modifying treatments and the absence of an early, accurate diagnostic tool. Neuropathology begins years or decades before symptoms occur and, upon onset of symptoms, diagnosis can take a year or more. Such delays postpone treatment and make research into the early stages of the disease difficult. Ideally, clinicians require a minimally invasive test that can detect AD in its early stages, before cognitive symptoms occur. Advances in proteomic technologies have facilitated the study of promising biomarkers of AD. Over the last two years (2019-2021) studies have identified and validated many species which can be measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, or in both fluids, and which have a high predictive value for AD. We herein discuss proteins which have been highlighted as promising biomarkers of AD in the last two years, and consider implications for future research within the research framework of the amyloid (A), tau (T), neurodegeneration (N) scoring system. We review recently identified species of amyloid and tau which may improve diagnosis when used in combination with current measures such as amyloid-beta-42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau). In addition, several proteins have been identified as likely proxies for neurodegeneration, including neurofilament light (NfL), synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and neurogranin (NRGN). Finally, proteins originating from diverse processes such as neuroinflammation, lipid transport and mitochondrial dysfunction could aid in both AD diagnosis and patient stratification.
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10
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Zhou J, Li Q, Wu W, Zhang X, Zuo Z, Lu Y, Zhao H, Wang Z. Discovery of Novel Drug Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease by Molecular Network Modeling. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:850217. [PMID: 35493947 PMCID: PMC9051440 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.850217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic agents of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we performed integrative network analysis using multiple transcriptomic profiles of human brains. With the hypothesis that AD pathology involves the whole cerebrum, we first identified co-expressed modules across multiple cerebral regions of the aging human brain. Among them, two modules (M3 and M8) consisting of 1,429 protein-coding genes were significantly enriched with AD-correlated genes. Differential expression analysis of microarray, bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed the dysregulation of M3 and M8 across different cerebral regions in both normal aging and AD. The cell-type enrichment analysis and differential expression analysis at the single-cell resolution indicated the extensive neuronal vulnerability in AD pathogenesis. Transcriptomic-based drug screening from Connectivity Map proposed Gly-His-Lys acetate salt (GHK) as a potential drug candidate that could probably restore the dysregulated genes of the M3 and M8 network. Pretreatment with GHK showed a neuroprotective effect against amyloid-beta-induced injury in differentiated human neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, our findings uncover a dysregulated network disrupted across multiple cerebral regions in AD and propose pretreatment with GHK as a novel neuroprotective strategy against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyong Li
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wensi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huiying Zhao,
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhi Wang,
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11
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Ayton S, Hall S, Janelidze S, Kalinowski P, Palmqvist S, Belaidi AA, Roberts B, Roberts A, Stomrud E, Bush AI, Hansson O. The Neuroinflammatory Acute Phase Response in Parkinsonian-Related Disorders. Mov Disord 2022; 37:993-1003. [PMID: 35137973 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related conditions, yet prior clinical biomarker data report mixed findings. OBJECTIVES The aim was to measure a panel of neuroinflammatory acute phase response (APR) proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of participants with PD and related disorders. METHODS Eleven APR proteins were measured in the CSF of 867 participants from the BioFINDER cohort who were healthy (612) or had a diagnosis of PD (155), multiple system atrophy (MSA) (26), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (22), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (23), or Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) (29). RESULTS CSF APR proteins were mostly unchanged in PD, with only haptoglobin and α1-antitrypsin significantly elevated compared to controls. These proteins were variably increased in the other disorders. Certain protein components yielded unique signatures according to diagnosis: ferritin and transthyretin were selectively elevated in MSA and discriminated these patients from all others. Haptoglobin was selectively increased in PSP, discriminating this disease from MSA when used in combination with ferritin and transthyretin. This panel of proteins did not correlate well with severity of motor impairment in any disease category, but several (particularly ceruloplasmin and ferritin) were associated with memory performance (Mini-Mental State Examination) in patients with DLB and PDD. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into inflammatory changes in PD and related disorders while also introducing biomarkers of potential clinical diagnostic utility. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Hall
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pawel Kalinowski
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Abdel A Belaidi
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Blaine Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anne Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Feng L, Li J, Zhang R. Current research status of blood biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: Diagnosis and prognosis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101492. [PMID: 34673262 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which mainly occurs in the elderly, is a neurodegenerative disease with a hidden onset, which leads to progressive cognitive and behavioral changes. The annually increasing prevalence rate and number of patients with AD exert great pressure on the society. No effective disease-modifying drug treatments are available; thus, there is no cure yet. The disease progression can only be delayed through early detection and drug assistance. Therefore, the importance of exploring associated biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prediction of the disease progress is highlighted. The National Institute on Aging- Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) proposed A/T/N diagnostic criteria in 2018, including Aβ42, p-tau, t-tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and positron emission tomography (PET). However, the invasiveness of lumbar puncture for CSF assessment and non-popularity of PET have prompted researchers to look for minimally invasive, easy to collect, and cost-effective biomarkers. Therefore, studies have largely focused on some novel molecules in the peripheral blood. This is an emerging research field, facing many obstacles and challenges while achieving some promising results.
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13
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Jakaria M, Belaidi AA, Bush AI, Ayton S. Ferroptosis as a mechanism of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2021; 159:804-825. [PMID: 34553778 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, with complex pathophysiology that is not fully understood. While β-amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles define the pathology of the disease, the mechanism of neurodegeneration is uncertain. Ferroptosis is an iron-mediated programmed cell death mechanism characterised by phospholipid peroxidation that has been observed in clinical AD samples. This review will outline the growing molecular and clinical evidence implicating ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AD, with implications for disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakaria
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdel Ali Belaidi
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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14
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VanDusen KW, Li YJ, Cai V, Hall A, Hiles S, Thompson JW, Moseley MA, Cooter M, Acker L, Levy JH, Ghadimi K, Quiñones QJ, Devinney MJ, Chung S, Terrando N, Moretti EW, Browndyke JN, Mathew JP, Berger M. Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Changes in Older Non-Cardiac Surgical Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1281-1297. [PMID: 33682719 PMCID: PMC8052629 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), a syndrome of cognitive deficits occurring 1–12 months after surgery primarily in older patients, is associated with poor postoperative outcomes. POCD is hypothesized to result from neuroinflammation; however, the pathways involved remain unclear. Unbiased proteomic analyses have been used to identify neuroinflammatory pathways in multiple neurologic diseases and syndromes but have not yet been applied to POCD. Objective: To utilize unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify potential neuroinflammatory pathways underlying POCD. Methods: Unbiased LC-MS/MS proteomics was performed on immunodepleted cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained before, 24 hours after, and 6 weeks after major non-cardiac surgery in older adults who did (n = 8) or did not develop POCD (n = 6). Linear mixed models were used to select peptides and proteins with intensity differences for pathway analysis. Results: Mass spectrometry quantified 8,258 peptides from 1,222 proteins in > 50%of patient samples at all three time points. Twelve peptides from 11 proteins showed differences in expression over time between patients with versus without POCD (q < 0.05), including proteins previously implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology. Additionally, 283 peptides from 182 proteins were identified with trend-level differences (q < 0.25) in expression over time between these groups. Among these, pathway analysis revealed that 50 were from 17 proteins mapping to complement and coagulation pathways (q = 2.44*10–13). Conclusion: These data demonstrate the feasibility of performing unbiased mass spectrometry on perioperative CSF samples to identify pathways associated with POCD. Additionally, they provide hypothesis-generating evidence for CSF complement and coagulation pathway changes in patients with POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W VanDusen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Victor Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Hall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Hiles
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Will Thompson
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Arthur Moseley
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary Cooter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leah Acker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kamrouz Ghadimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Quintin J Quiñones
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Devinney
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stacey Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eugene W Moretti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Browndyke
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Division of Geriatric Behavioral Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph P Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Miles Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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15
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Amadoro G, Latina V, Balzamino BO, Squitti R, Varano M, Calissano P, Micera A. Nerve Growth Factor-Based Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:735928. [PMID: 34566573 PMCID: PMC8459906 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.735928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease which is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. Imbalance in nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling, metabolism, and/or defect in NGF transport to the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons occurs in patients affected with AD. According to the cholinergic hypothesis, an early and progressive synaptic and neuronal loss in a vulnerable population of basal forebrain involved in memory and learning processes leads to degeneration of cortical and hippocampal projections followed by cognitive impairment with accumulation of misfolded/aggregated Aβ and tau protein. The neuroprotective and regenerative effects of NGF on cholinergic neurons have been largely demonstrated, both in animal models of AD and in living patients. However, the development of this neurotrophin as a disease-modifying therapy in humans is challenged by both delivery limitations (inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), poor pharmacokinetic profile) and unwanted side effects (pain and weight loss). Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal disease which represents the major cause of blindness in developed countries and shares several clinical and pathological features with AD, including alterations in NGF transduction pathways. Interestingly, nerve fiber layer thinning, degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and changes of vascular parameters, aggregation of Aβ and tau protein, and apoptosis also occur in the retina of both AD and AMD. A protective effect of ocular administration of NGF on both photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cell degeneration has been recently described. Besides, the current knowledge about the detection of essential trace metals associated with AD and AMD and their changes depending on the severity of diseases, either systemic or locally detected, further pave the way for a promising diagnostic approach. This review is aimed at describing the employment of NGF as a common therapeutic approach to AMD and AD and the diagnostic power of detection of essential trace metals associated with both diseases. The multiple approaches employed to allow a sustained release/targeting of NGF to the brain and its neurosensorial ocular extensions will be also discussed, highlighting innovative technologies and future translational prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Amadoro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-CNR, Rome, Italy
- European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Varano
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
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16
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Squitti R, Faller P, Hureau C, Granzotto A, White AR, Kepp KP. Copper Imbalance in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Link with the Amyloid Hypothesis: Towards a Combined Clinical, Chemical, and Genetic Etiology. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:23-41. [PMID: 34219710 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is incompletely defined. To date, no mono-causal treatment has so far reached its primary clinical endpoints, probably due to the complexity and diverse neuropathology contributing to the neurodegenerative process. In the present paper, we describe the plausible etiological role of copper (Cu) imbalance in the disease. Cu imbalance is strongly associated with neurodegeneration in dementia, but a complete biochemical etiology consistent with the clinical, chemical, and genetic data is required to support a causative association, rather than just correlation with disease. We hypothesize that a Cu imbalance in the aging human brain evolves as a gradual shift from bound metal ion pools, associated with both loss of energy production and antioxidant function, to pools of loosely bound metal ions, involved in gain-of-function oxidative stress, a shift that may be aggravated by chemical aging. We explain how this may cause mitochondrial deficits, energy depletion of high-energy demanding neurons, and aggravated protein misfolding/oligomerization to produce different clinical consequences shaped by the severity of risk factors, additional comorbidities, and combinations with other types of pathology. Cu imbalance should be viewed and integrated with concomitant genetic risk factors, aging, metabolic abnormalities, energetic deficits, neuroinflammation, and the relation to tau, prion proteins, α-synuclein, TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) as well as systemic comorbidity. Specifically, the Amyloid Hypothesis is strongly intertwined with Cu imbalance because amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP)/Aβ are probable Cu/Zn binding proteins with a potential role as natural Cu/Zn buffering proteins (loss of function), and via the plausible pathogenic role of Cu-Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Alberto Granzotto
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Copper and lipid metabolism: A reciprocal relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129979. [PMID: 34364973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper and lipid metabolism are intimately linked, sharing a complex, inverse relationship in the periphery (outside of the central nervous system), which remains to be fully elucidated. SCOPE Copper and lipids have independently been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases involving dyslipidaemia, including obesity, cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and also in Wilson disease, an inherited disorder of copper overload. Here we review the relationship between copper and lipid regulatory pathways, which are potential druggable targets for therapeutic intervention. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS While the inverse relationship between copper and lipids is apparent, tissue-specific roles for the copper regulatory protein, ATP7B provide further insight into the association between copper and lipid metabolism. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the relationship between copper and lipid metabolism is important for identifying druggable targets for diseases with disrupted copper and/or lipid metabolism; and may reveal similar connections within the brain and in neurological diseases with impaired copper and lipid transport.
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18
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Squitti R, Ventriglia M, Simonelli I, Bonvicini C, Costa A, Perini G, Binetti G, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Koch G, Borroni B, Albanese A, Sensi SL, Rongioletti M. Copper Imbalance in Alzheimer's Disease: Meta-Analysis of Serum, Plasma, and Brain Specimens, and Replication Study Evaluating ATP7B Gene Variants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:960. [PMID: 34209820 PMCID: PMC8301962 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) show signs of copper (Cu) dyshomeostasis. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of Cu dysregulation as an AD susceptibility factor. We performed a meta-analysis of 56 studies investigating Cu biomarkers in brain specimens (pooled total of 182 AD and 166 healthy controls, HC) and in serum/plasma (pooled total of 2929 AD and 3547 HC). We also completed a replication study of serum Cu biomarkers in 97 AD patients and 70 HC screened for rs732774 and rs1061472 ATP7B, the gene encoding for the Cu transporter ATPase7B. Our meta-analysis showed decreased Cu in AD brain specimens, increased Cu and nonbound ceruloplasmin (Non-Cp) Cu in serum/plasma samples, and unchanged ceruloplasmin. Serum/plasma Cu excess was associated with a three to fourfold increase in the risk of having AD. Our replication study confirmed meta-analysis results and showed that carriers of the ATP7B AG haplotype were significantly more frequent in the AD group. Overall, our study shows that AD patients fail to maintain a Cu metabolic balance and reveals the presence of a percentage of AD patients carrying ATP7B AG haplotype and presenting Non-Cp Cu excess, which suggest that a subset of AD subjects is prone to Cu imbalance. This AD subtype can be the target of precision medicine-based strategies tackling Cu dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Mariacarla Ventriglia
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Ilaria Simonelli
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.)
- Department of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Perini
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.)
- Department of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alberto Albanese
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefano L. Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Mind Impairments and Neurological Disorders—iMIND, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy;
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19
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Lei P, Ayton S, Bush AI. The essential elements of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100105. [PMID: 33219130 PMCID: PMC7948403 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.008207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) directed against the prominent amyloid plaque neuropathology are yet to be proved effective despite many phase 3 clinical trials. There are several other neurochemical abnormalities that occur in the AD brain that warrant renewed emphasis as potential therapeutic targets for this disease. Among those are the elementomic signatures of iron, copper, zinc, and selenium. Here, we review these essential elements of AD for their broad potential to contribute to Alzheimer’s pathophysiology, and we also highlight more recent attempts to translate these findings into therapeutics. A reinspection of large bodies of discovery in the AD field, such as this, may inspire new thinking about pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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20
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De Luca A, Fostinelli S, Ferrari C, Binetti G, Benussi L, Borroni B, Rossi L, Rongioletti M, Ghidoni R, Squitti R. Iron Serum Markers Profile in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1373-1380. [PMID: 33185611 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a progressive neurodegenerative syndrome. Defects of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) homeostasis are involved in the development of several neurodegenerative diseases and their homeostasis is interconnected by the Cu-protein ceruloplasmin (Cp), responsible for Fe oxidative state. In this study we assessed Fe, transferrin (Trf), ferritin, Cp specific activity (eCp/iCp), Cp/Trf ratio, and Trf saturation in 60 FTLD patients and 43 healthy controls, and discussed the results in relation to Cu homeostasis. The significant decrease of the eCp/iCp in the FTLD patients supports the involvement of Fe imbalance in the onset and progression of FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Fostinelli
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Statistics Service, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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21
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Zhou SY, Cui GZ, Yan XL, Wang X, Qu Y, Guo ZN, Jin H. Mechanism of Ferroptosis and Its Relationships With Other Types of Programmed Cell Death: Insights for Potential Interventions After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:589042. [PMID: 33281547 PMCID: PMC7691292 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.589042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which no effective therapies are currently available. Brain tissue damage caused by ICH is mediated by a newly identified form of non-apoptotic programmed cell death, called ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is characterized by the iron-induced accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to intracellular oxidative stress. Lipid ROS cause damage to nucleic acids, proteins, and cell membranes, eventually resulting in ferroptosis. Numerous biological processes are involved in ferroptosis, including iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione biosynthesis; therefore, iron chelators, lipophilic antioxidants, and other specific inhibitors can suppress ferroptosis, suggesting that these modulators are beneficial for treating brain injury due to ICH. Accumulating evidence indicates that ferroptosis differs from other types of programmed cell death, such as necroptosis, apoptosis, oxytosis, and pyroptosis, in terms of ultrastructural characteristics, signaling pathways, and outcomes. Although several studies have emphasized the importance of ferroptosis due to ICH, the detailed mechanism underlying ferroptosis remains unclear. This review summarizes the available evidence on the mechanism underlying ferroptosis and its relationship with other types of cell death, with the aim to identify therapeutic targets and potential interventions for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Cui
- Department of Hepatology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Monette A, Mouland AJ. Zinc and Copper Ions Differentially Regulate Prion-Like Phase Separation Dynamics of Pan-Virus Nucleocapsid Biomolecular Condensates. Viruses 2020; 12:E1179. [PMID: 33081049 PMCID: PMC7589941 DOI: 10.3390/v12101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a rapidly growing research focus due to numerous demonstrations that many cellular proteins phase-separate to form biomolecular condensates (BMCs) that nucleate membraneless organelles (MLOs). A growing repertoire of mechanisms supporting BMC formation, composition, dynamics, and functions are becoming elucidated. BMCs are now appreciated as required for several steps of gene regulation, while their deregulation promotes pathological aggregates, such as stress granules (SGs) and insoluble irreversible plaques that are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Treatment of BMC-related diseases will greatly benefit from identification of therapeutics preventing pathological aggregates while sparing BMCs required for cellular functions. Numerous viruses that block SG assembly also utilize or engineer BMCs for their replication. While BMC formation first depends on prion-like disordered protein domains (PrLDs), metal ion-controlled RNA-binding domains (RBDs) also orchestrate their formation. Virus replication and viral genomic RNA (vRNA) packaging dynamics involving nucleocapsid (NC) proteins and their orthologs rely on Zinc (Zn) availability, while virus morphology and infectivity are negatively influenced by excess Copper (Cu). While virus infections modify physiological metal homeostasis towards an increased copper to zinc ratio (Cu/Zn), how and why they do this remains elusive. Following our recent finding that pan-retroviruses employ Zn for NC-mediated LLPS for virus assembly, we present a pan-virus bioinformatics and literature meta-analysis study identifying metal-based mechanisms linking virus-induced BMCs to neurodegenerative disease processes. We discover that conserved degree and placement of PrLDs juxtaposing metal-regulated RBDs are associated with disease-causing prion-like proteins and are common features of viral proteins responsible for virus capsid assembly and structure. Virus infections both modulate gene expression of metalloproteins and interfere with metal homeostasis, representing an additional virus strategy impeding physiological and cellular antiviral responses. Our analyses reveal that metal-coordinated virus NC protein PrLDs initiate LLPS that nucleate pan-virus assembly and contribute to their persistence as cell-free infectious aerosol droplets. Virus aerosol droplets and insoluble neurological disease aggregates should be eliminated by physiological or environmental metals that outcompete PrLD-bound metals. While environmental metals can control virus spreading via aerosol droplets, therapeutic interference with metals or metalloproteins represent additional attractive avenues against pan-virus infection and virus-exacerbated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Monette
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mouland
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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23
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D’Mello SR, Kindy MC. Overdosing on iron: Elevated iron and degenerative brain disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1444-1473. [PMID: 32878460 PMCID: PMC7553095 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220953065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Brain degenerative disorders, which include some neurodevelopmental disorders and age-associated diseases, cause debilitating neurological deficits and are generally fatal. A large body of emerging evidence indicates that iron accumulation in neurons within specific regions of the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many of these disorders. Iron homeostasis is a highly complex and incompletely understood process involving a large number of regulatory molecules. Our review provides a description of what is known about how iron is obtained by the body and brain and how defects in the homeostatic processes could contribute to the development of brain diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as four other disorders belonging to a class of inherited conditions referred to as neurodegeneration based on iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders. A description of potential therapeutic approaches being tested for each of these different disorders is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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24
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Ayton S, Janelidze S, Roberts B, Palmqvist S, Kalinowski P, Diouf I, Belaidi AA, Stomrud E, Bush AI, Hansson O. Acute phase markers in CSF reveal inflammatory changes in Alzheimer's disease that intersect with pathology, APOE ε4, sex and age. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 198:101904. [PMID: 32882319 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown how neuroinflammation may feature in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We profiled acute phase response (APR) proteins (α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, ceruloplasmin, complement C3, ferritin, α-fibrinogen, β-fibrinogen, γ-fibrinogen, haptoglobin, hemopexin) in CSF of 1291 subjects along the clinical and biomarker spectrum of AD to investigate the association between inflammatory changes, disease outcomes, and demographic variables. Subjects were stratified by Aβ42/t-tau as well as the following clinical diagnoses: cognitively normal (CN); subjective cognitive decline (SCD); mild cognitive impairment (MCI); and AD dementia. In separate multiple regressions (adjusting for diagnosis, age, sex, APOE-ε4) of each APR protein and a composite of all APR proteins, CSF Aβ42/t-tau status was associated with elevated ferritin, but not any other APR protein in CN and SCD subjects. Rather, the APR was elevated along with symptomatic progression (CN < SCD < MCI < AD), and this was elevation was mediated by CSF p-tau181. APOE ε4 status did not affect levels of any APR proteins in CSF, while these were elevated in males and with increased age. The performance of the APR in predicting clinical diagnosis was influenced by APOE ε4 status, sex, and age. These data provide new insight into inflammatory changes in AD and how this intersects with pathology changes and patient demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Blaine Roberts
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pawel Kalinowski
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ibrahima Diouf
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Abdel A Belaidi
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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