1
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Wang Y, Li Z, Li J, Sun C. LncRNA NEAT1 promotes MPP+ induced injury of PC12 cells and accelerates the progression of Parkinson's disease in mice through FUS mediated inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Exp Gerontol 2024; 191:112436. [PMID: 38636570 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is involved in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the specific regulatory role needs further exploration. This study showed that the expression of NEAT1 was upregulated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood of patients with different stages of PD. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP)-treated PC 12 cells were transfected with si-NEAT1, and MPP treatment promoted cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory factor secretion. Si-NEAT1 reversed the effects of MPP. NEAT1 silencing eliminated the effect of MPP on the protein expression levels of LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1. By using an online bioinformatics database, Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) was confirmed to be an RNA binding protein of NEAT1, and it was highly expressed in the CSF and peripheral blood of patients with PD. Si-FUS was transfected into MPP-treated PC 12 cells to detect cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory factor secretion and autophagy, and the results were the same as those of transfection of si-NEAT1. Furthermore, MPP treatment reduced the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR, whereas si-FUS reversed the effects of MPP. In vivo, compared with the model group, the PD mice showed reduced NEAT1 and FUS expression levels and activated PI3K pathway after being injected with si-NEAT1. The brain tissue of NEAT1-silenced PD mice had decreased inflammatory infiltration and apoptosis and increased neurological scores. In conclusion, NEAT1 is involved in PD progression through FUS-mediated inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Wang
- Second Department of Neurology, Qingzhou People's Hospital, Weifang 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Two Departments of Brain Disease, Yantai Penglai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Zhangqiu District People's Hospital, Jinan 250200, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China.
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2
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Singh A, Chimata AV, Deshpande P, Bajpai S, Sangeeth A, Rajput M, Singh A. SARS-CoV2 Nsp3 protein triggers cell death and exacerbates amyloid β42-mediated neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1385-1392. [PMID: 37905889 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202406000-00044/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T152229Z/r/image-tiff
Infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) virus, responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, induces symptoms including increased inflammatory response, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), cognitive dysfunction like brain fog, and cardiovascular defects. Long-term effects of SARS-CoV2 COVID-19 syndrome referred to as post-COVID-19 syndrome on age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease remain understudied. Using the targeted misexpression of individual SARS-CoV2 proteins in the retinal neurons of the Drosophila
melanogaster eye, we found that misexpression of nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3), a papain-like protease, ablates the eye and generates dark necrotic spots. Targeted misexpression of Nsp3 in the eye triggers reactive oxygen species production and leads to apoptosis as shown by cell death reporters, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and dihydroethidium staining. Furthermore, Nsp3 misexpression activates both apoptosis and autophagy mechanism(s) to regulate tissue homeostasis. Transient expression of SARS-CoV2 Nsp3 in murine neuroblastoma, Neuro-2a cells, significantly reduced the metabolic activity of these cells and triggers cell death. Misexpression of SARS-CoV2 Nsp3 in an Alzheimer’s disease transgenic fly eye model (glass multiple repeats [GMR]>amyloid β42) further enhances the neurodegenerative rough eye phenotype due to increased cell death. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV2 utilizes Nsp3 protein to potentiate cell death response in a neurodegenerative disease background that has high pre-existing levels of neuroinflammation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Soumya Bajpai
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Anjali Sangeeth
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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3
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Li C, Wang H, Tang Y, Wu J. Characterization of the circRNA Landscape in Interleukin-4 Induced Anti-Inflammatory Microglia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3239. [PMID: 38137460 PMCID: PMC10740700 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident innate immune cells that play an essential role in the development and surveillance of the central nervous system as well as the shared pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia rapidly respond to multiple inflammatory stimuli and activate towards different phenotypes, such as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Cytokines, epigenetic and long non-coding RNA modulations have been shown to regulate microglial activation; however, the role of circRNAs in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation remains elusive. Here, we performed circRNA sequencing in IL-4-treated anti-inflammatory microglia and discovered 120 differentially expressed circRNAs. We systemically verified the identities of circRNAs by assays of PCR, RNase R treatment and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), among others. We found that circAdgre1 promoted IL-4-induced anti-inflammatory responses and further conferred neuroprotective effects upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimuli. Taken together, our results show that circRNAs might be possible therapeutic targets for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (C.L.); (H.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Huakun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (C.L.); (H.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (C.L.); (H.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Junjiao Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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4
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Zhu L, Li S, Li XJ, Yin P. Pathological insights from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis animal models: comparisons, limitations, and challenges. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:46. [PMID: 37730668 PMCID: PMC10510301 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to dissect amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a multigenic, multifactorial, and progressive neurodegenerative disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations, researchers have generated numerous animal models to mimic the genetic defects. Concurrent and comparative analysis of these various models allows identification of the causes and mechanisms of ALS in order to finally obtain effective therapeutics. However, most genetically modified rodent models lack overt pathological features, imposing challenges and limitations in utilizing them to rigorously test the potential mechanisms. Recent studies using large animals, including pigs and non-human primates, have uncovered important events that resemble neurodegeneration in patients' brains but could not be produced in small animals. Here we describe common features as well as discrepancies among these models, highlighting new insights from these models. Furthermore, we will discuss how to make rodent models more capable of recapitulating important pathological features based on the important pathogenic insights from large animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhong Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Peng Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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5
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Chimata AV, Darnell H, Raj A, Kango-Singh M, Singh A. Transcriptional pausing factor M1BP regulates cellular homeostasis by suppressing autophagy and apoptosis in Drosophila eye. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:2252307. [PMID: 37746026 PMCID: PMC10512699 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2252307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
During organogenesis cellular homeostasis plays a crucial role in patterning and growth. The role of promoter proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II, which regulates transcription of several developmental genes by GAGA factor or Motif 1 Binding Protein (M1BP), has not been fully understood in cellular homeostasis. Earlier, we reported that M1BP, a functional homolog of ZKSCAN3, regulates wingless and caspase-dependent cell death (apoptosis) in the Drosophila eye. Further, blocking apoptosis does not fully rescue the M1BPRNAi phenotype of reduced eye. Therefore, we looked for other possible mechanism(s). In a forward genetic screen, members of the Jun-amino-terminal-(NH2)-Kinase (JNK) pathway were identified. Downregulation of M1BP ectopically induces JNK, a pro-death pathway known to activate both apoptosis and caspase-independent (autophagy) cell death. Activation of JNK pathway components can enhance M1BPRNAi phenotype and vice-versa. Downregulation of M1BP ectopically induced JNK signaling, which leads to apoptosis and autophagy. Apoptosis and autophagy are regulated independently by their genetic circuitry. Here, we found that blocking either apoptosis or autophagy alone rescues the reduced eye phenotype of M1BP downregulation; whereas, blocking both apoptosis and autophagy together significantly rescues the M1BP reduced eye phenotype to near wild-type in nearly 85% progeny. This data suggests that the cellular homeostasis response demonstrated by two independent cell death mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy, can be regulated by a common transcriptional pausing mechanism orchestrated by M1BP. Since these fundamental processes are conserved in higher organisms, this novel functional link between M1BP and regulation of both apoptosis and autophagy can be extrapolated to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Darnell
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Akanksha Raj
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Integrative Science and Engineering (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration & Engineering (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Integrative Science and Engineering (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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6
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Deshpande P, Chimata AV, Snider E, Singh A, Kango-Singh M, Singh A. N-Acetyltransferase 9 ameliorates Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration in the Drosophila eye. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:478. [PMID: 37507384 PMCID: PMC10382493 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, manifests as accumulation of amyloid-beta-42 (Aβ42) plaques and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that results in microtubule destabilization. Targeted expression of human Aβ42 (GMR > Aβ42) in developing Drosophila eye retinal neurons results in Aβ42 plaque(s) and mimics AD-like extensive neurodegeneration. However, there remains a gap in our understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) for Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. To address this gap in information, we conducted a forward genetic screen, and identified N-acetyltransferase 9 (Mnat9) as a genetic modifier of GMR > Aβ42 neurodegenerative phenotype. Mnat9 is known to stabilize microtubules by inhibiting c-Jun-N- terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. We found that gain-of-function of Mnat9 rescues GMR > Aβ42 mediated neurodegenerative phenotype whereas loss-of-function of Mnat9 exhibits the converse phenotype of enhanced neurodegeneration. Here, we propose a new neuroprotective function of Mnat9 in downregulating the JNK signaling pathway to ameliorate Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration, which is independent of its acetylation activity. Transgenic flies expressing human NAT9 (hNAT9), also suppresses Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration thereby suggesting functional conservation in the interaction of fly Mnat9 or hNAT9 with JNK-mediated neurodegeneration. These studies add to the repertoire of molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death response following accumulation of Aβ42 and may provide new avenues for targeting neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Snider
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Aditi Singh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA.
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7
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Wei X, Huang G, Liu J, Ge J, Zhang W, Mei Z. An update on the role of Hippo signaling pathway in ischemia-associated central nervous system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114619. [PMID: 37004330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent reason of morbidity and mortality in the world, cerebral ischemia sets off a chain of molecular and cellular pathologies that associated with some central nervous system (CNS) disorders mainly including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy and other CNS diseases. In recent times, despite significant advancements in the treatment of the pathological processes underlying various neurological illnesses, effective therapeutic approaches that are specifically targeted to minimizing the damage of such diseases remain absent. Hippo signaling pathway, characterized by enzyme linked reactions between MSTI/2, LAST1/2, and YAP or TAZ proteins, controls cell division, survival, and differentiation, as well as being engaged in a variety of biological activities, such as the development and transformation of the nervous system. Recently, accumulating studies demonstrated that Hippo pathway takes part in the processes of ischemic stroke, AD, PD, etc., including but not limited to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, blood-brain barrier damage, mitochondrial disorders, and neural cells death. Thus, it's crucial to understand the molecular basis of the Hippo signaling pathway for determining potential new therapeutic targets against ischemia-associated CNS diseases. Here, we discuss latest advances in the deciphering of the Hippo signaling pathway and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the pathway in treating ischemia-associated CNS diseases.
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8
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Zhang F, Xiao L, Yang Y, Zhou M, Zhao Y, Xie Z, Ouyang X, Ji F, Tang S, Li L. Human menstrual blood-derived stem cells alleviate autoimmune hepatitis via JNK/MAPK signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Front Med 2023; 17:534-548. [PMID: 37010727 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe globally distributed liver disease that could occur at any age. Human menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have shown therapeutic effect in acute lung injury and liver failure. However, their role in the curative effect of AIH remains unclear. Here, a classic AIH mouse model was constructed through intravenous injection with concanavalin A (Con A). MenSCs were intravenously injected while Con A injection in the treatment groups. The results showed that the mortality by Con A injection was significantly decreased by MenSCs treatment and liver function tests and histological analysis were also ameliorated. The results of phosphoproteomic analysis and RNA-seq revealed that MenSCs improved AIH, mainly by apoptosis and c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein signaling pathways. Apoptosis analysis demonstrated that the protein expression of cleaved caspase 3 was increased by Con A injection and reduced by MenSCs transplantation, consistent with the TUNEL staining results. An AML12 co-culture system and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) were used to verify the JNK/MAPK and apoptosis signaling pathways. These findings suggested that MenSCs could be a promising strategy for AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanlan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Menghao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhongyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Feiyang Ji
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Shima Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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9
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Gogia N, Tare M, Kannan R, Singh A. Editorial: Protein misfolding, altered mechanisms and neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1134855. [PMID: 36818654 PMCID: PMC9930101 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1134855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gogia
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,Neha Gogia ✉
| | - Meghana Tare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Kannan
- Boyer Centre of Molecular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States,Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States,Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States,The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States,Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, United States,*Correspondence: Amit Singh ✉
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10
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Tsai NW, Lin CC, Yeh TY, Chiu YA, Chiu HH, Huang HP, Hsieh ST. An induced pluripotent stem cell-based model identifies molecular targets of vincristine neurotoxicity. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049471. [PMID: 36518084 PMCID: PMC10655812 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To model peripheral nerve degeneration and investigate molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we established a cell system of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neurons exposed to vincristine, a drug that frequently causes chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Sensory neurons differentiated from iPSCs exhibit distinct neurochemical patterns according to the immunocytochemical phenotypes, and gene expression of peripherin (PRPH, hereafter referred to as Peri) and neurofilament heavy chain (NEFH, hereafter referred to as NF). The majority of iPSC-derived sensory neurons were PRPH positive/NEFH negative, i.e. Peri(+)/NF(-) neurons, whose somata were smaller than those of Peri(+)/NF(+) neurons. On exposure to vincristine, projections from the cell body of a neuron, i.e. neurites, were degenerated quicker than somata, the lethal concentration to kill 50% (LC50) of neurites being below the LC50 for somata, consistent with the clinical pattern of length-dependent neuropathy. We then examined the molecular expression in the MAP kinase signaling pathways of, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (MAPK1/3, hereafter referred to as ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK11/12/13/14, hereafter referred to as p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (MAPK8/9/10, hereafter referred to as JNK). Regarding these three cascades, only phosphorylation of JNK was upregulated but not that of p38 or ERK1/2. Furthermore, vincristine-treatment resulted in impaired autophagy and reduced autophagic flux. Rapamycin-treatment reversed the effect of impaired autophagy and JNK activation. These results not only established a platform to study peripheral degeneration of human neurons but also provide molecular mechanisms for neurodegeneration with the potential for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Wei Tsai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chen Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Yen Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chiu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Chiu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Department of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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11
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Fu M, Hu Y, Lan T, Guan KL, Luo T, Luo M. The Hippo signalling pathway and its implications in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:376. [PMID: 36347846 PMCID: PMC9643504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, the Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of numerous biological processes. Thus, substantial efforts have been made to understand the upstream signals that influence the activity of the Hippo pathway, as well as its physiological functions, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, organ growth, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration/wound healing. However, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can cause a variety of diseases, including cancer, eye diseases, cardiac diseases, pulmonary diseases, renal diseases, hepatic diseases, and immune dysfunction. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target dysregulated Hippo components might be promising approaches for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, we review the key components and upstream signals of the Hippo pathway, as well as the critical physiological functions controlled by the Hippo pathway. Additionally, diseases associated with alterations in the Hippo pathway and potential therapies targeting Hippo components will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyang Fu
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ting Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Min Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Drosophila melanogaster as a Tool for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10030036. [PMID: 36135369 PMCID: PMC9505035 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable animal model systems are an integral part of biological research. Ever since Thomas Hunt Morgan won a Nobel Prize for genetic work done using the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) as a model organism, it has played a larger and more important role in genetic research. Drosophila models have long been used to study neurodegenerative diseases and have aided in identifying key disease progression biological pathways. Due to the availability of a vast array of genetic manipulation tools, its relatively short lifespan, and its ability to produce many progenies, D. melanogaster has provided the ability to conduct large-scale genetic screens to elucidate possible genetic and molecular interactions in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). With regards to ALS, many of the gene mutations that have been discovered to be linked to the disease have been modeled in Drosophila to provide a look into a detailed model of pathogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize key and newer developments in ALS research that have utilized Drosophila and to provide insight into the profound use of Drosophila as a tool for modeling this disease.
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13
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Abstract
Cell death maintains tissue homeostasis by eliminating dispensable cells. Misregulation of cell death is seen in diseases like cancer, neurodegeneration, etc. Therefore, cell death assays like TUNEL have become reliable tools, where fragmented DNA of dying cells gets fluorescently labeled and can be detected under microscope. We used TUNEL assay in Drosophila melanogaster third-instar larval eye-antennal imaginal discs to label and quantify cell death. This assay is sensitive to detect DNA fragmentation, an important event, during apoptosis in retinal neurons. For complete details on the use and execution of this profile, please refer to Wang et al. (1999), Tare et al. (2011), and Mehta et al. (2021). Combines immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay to measure cell death Marks the fragmented DNA to quantify dying cells in specific regions of the tissue This protocol can be adapted to assay cell death in other tissues as well
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14
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Wang J, Gan Y, Cao J, Dong X, Ouyang W. Pathophysiology of stress granules: An emerging link to diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:44. [PMID: 35137915 PMCID: PMC8846937 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under unfavorable environmental conditions, eukaryotic cells may form stress granules (SGs) in the cytosol to protect against injury and promote cell survival. The initiation, mRNA and protein composition, distribution and degradation of SGs are subject to multiple intracellular post-translational modifications and signaling pathways to cope with stress damage. Despite accumulated comprehensive knowledge of their composition and dynamics, the function of SGs remains poorly understood. When the stress persists, aberrant and/or persistent intracellular SGs and aggregation of SGs-related proteins may lead to various diseases. In the present article, the research progress regarding the generation, modification and function of SGs was reviewed. The regulatory effects and influencing factors of SGs in the development of tumors, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections and neurodegenerative diseases were also summarized, which may provide novel insight for preventing and treating SG-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Human Sciences, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Yixia Gan
- Department of Kinesiology and Human Sciences, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Kinesiology and Human Sciences, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Xuefen Dong
- Department of Kinesiology and Human Sciences, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Department of Kinesiology and Human Sciences, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
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15
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Mehta AS, Deshpande P, Chimata AV, Tsonis PA, Singh A. Newt regeneration genes regulate Wingless signaling to restore patterning in Drosophila eye. iScience 2021; 24:103166. [PMID: 34746690 PMCID: PMC8551474 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newts utilize their unique genes to restore missing parts by strategic regulation of conserved signaling pathways. Lack of genetic tools poses challenges to determine the function of such genes. Therefore, we used the Drosophila eye model to demonstrate the potential of 5 unique newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) gene(s), viropana1-viropana5 (vna1-vna5), which were ectopically expressed in L 2 mutant and GMR-hid, GMR-GAL4 eye. L 2 exhibits the loss of ventral half of early eye and head involution defective (hid) triggers cell-death during later eye development. Surprisingly, newt genes significantly restore missing photoreceptor cells both in L 2 and GMR>hid background by upregulating cell-proliferation and blocking cell-death, regulating evolutionarily conserved Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway and exhibit non-cell-autonomous rescues. Further, Wg/Wnt signaling acts downstream of newt genes. Our data highlights that unique newt proteins can regulate conserved pathways to trigger a robust restoration of missing photoreceptor cells in Drosophila eye model with weak restoration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, USA
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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16
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Liguori F, Amadio S, Volonté C. Fly for ALS: Drosophila modeling on the route to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis modifiers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6143-6160. [PMID: 34322715 PMCID: PMC11072332 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, devastating disease, causing movement impairment, respiratory failure and ultimate death. A plethora of genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms are involved in ALS signature, although the initiating causes and progressive pathological events are far from being understood. Drosophila research has produced seminal discoveries for more than a century and has been successfully used in the past 25 years to untangle the process of ALS pathogenesis, and recognize potential markers and novel strategies for therapeutic solutions. This review will provide an updated view of several ALS modifiers validated in C9ORF72, SOD1, FUS, TDP-43 and Ataxin-2 Drosophila models. We will discuss basic and preclinical findings, illustrating recent developments and novel breakthroughs, also depicting unsettled challenges and limitations in the Drosophila-ALS field. We intend to stimulate a renewed debate on Drosophila as a screening route to identify more successful disease modifiers and neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Liguori
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Amadio
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143, Rome, Italy.
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti", National Research Council (IASI-CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Sahana TG, Zhang K. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080969. [PMID: 34440173 PMCID: PMC8394856 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease. Multiple genetic and non-genetic risk factors are associated with disease pathogenesis, and several cellular processes, including protein homeostasis, RNA metabolism, vesicle transport, etc., are severely impaired in ALS conditions. Despite the heterogeneity of the disease manifestation and progression, ALS patients show protein aggregates in the motor cortex and spinal cord tissue, which is believed to be at least partially caused by aberrant phase separation and the formation of persistent stress granules. Consistent with this notion, many studies have implicated cellular stress, such as ER stress, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and growth factor depletion, in ALS conditions. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a fundamental mitogen/stress-activated signal transduction pathway that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. Here we summarize the fundamental role of MAPK in physiology and ALS pathogenesis. We also discuss pharmacological inhibitors targeting this pathway tested in pre-clinical models, suggesting their role as potential drug candidates.
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18
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Deshpande P, Gogia N, Chimata AV, Singh A. Unbiased automated quantitation of ROS signals in live retinal neurons of Drosophila using Fiji/ImageJ. Biotechniques 2021; 71:416-424. [PMID: 34350780 PMCID: PMC10288391 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous imaging modules are utilized to study changes that occur during cellular processes. Besides qualitative (immunohistochemical) or semiquantitative (Western blot) approaches, direct quantitation method(s) for detecting and analyzing signal intensities for disease(s) biomarkers are lacking. Thus, there is a need to develop method(s) to quantitate specific signals and eliminate noise during live tissue imaging. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2•-) radicals results in oxidative damage of biomolecules, which leads to oxidative stress. This can be detected by dihydroethidium staining in live tissue(s), which does not rely on fixation and helps prevent stress on tissues. However, the signal-to-noise ratio is reduced in live tissue staining. We employ the Drosophila eye model of Alzheimer's disease as a proof of concept to quantitate ROS in live tissue by adapting an unbiased method. The method presented here has a potential application for other live tissue fluorescent images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Gogia
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration & Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- The Integrative Science & Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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19
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Li X, Li K, Chen Y, Fang F. The Role of Hippo Signaling Pathway in the Development of the Nervous System. Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:263-270. [PMID: 34350875 DOI: 10.1159/000515633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo signaling pathway is a highly conserved and crucial signaling pathway that controls the size of tissues and organs by regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of cells. The nervous system is a complicated system that participates in information collection, integration, and procession. The balance of various aspects of the nervous system is vital for the normal regulation of physiological conditions of the body, like the population and distribution of nerve cells, nerve connections, and so on. Defects in these aspects may lead to cognitive, behavioral, and neurological dysfunction, resulting in various nervous system diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence proposes that Hippo pathway maintains numerous biological functions in the nervous system development, including modulating the proliferation and differentiation of nerve cells and promoting the development of synapse, corpus callosum, and cortex. In this review, we will summarize recent findings of Hippo pathway in the nervous system to improve our understanding on its function and to provide potential therapeutic strategies of nervous system diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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20
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Liguori F, Amadio S, Volonté C. Where and Why Modeling Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083977. [PMID: 33921446 PMCID: PMC8070525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, researchers have leveraged a host of different in vivo models in order to dissect amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory disease that is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation and is multigenic, multifactorial and non-cell autonomous. These models include both vertebrates and invertebrates such as yeast, worms, flies, zebrafish, mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs and, more recently, non-human primates. Despite their obvious differences and peculiarities, only the concurrent and comparative analysis of these various systems will allow the untangling of the causes and mechanisms of ALS for finally obtaining new efficacious therapeutics. However, harnessing these powerful organisms poses numerous challenges. In this context, we present here an updated and comprehensive review of how eukaryotic unicellular and multicellular organisms that reproduce a few of the main clinical features of the disease have helped in ALS research to dissect the pathological pathways of the disease insurgence and progression. We describe common features as well as discrepancies among these models, highlighting new insights and emerging roles for experimental organisms in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Liguori
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Susanna Amadio
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (S.A.)
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “A. Ruberti”, National Research Council (IASI—CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-50170-3084
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21
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Layalle S, They L, Ourghani S, Raoul C, Soustelle L. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020904. [PMID: 33477509 PMCID: PMC7831090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motoneurons. Most ALS cases are sporadic but approximately 10% of ALS cases are due to inherited mutations in identified genes. ALS-causing mutations were identified in over 30 genes with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), fused in sarcoma (FUS), and TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP, encoding TDP-43) being the most frequent. In the last few decades, Drosophila melanogaster emerged as a versatile model for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. In this review, we describe the different Drosophila ALS models that have been successfully used to decipher the cellular and molecular pathways associated with SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TDP-43. The study of the known fruit fly orthologs of these ALS-related genes yielded significant insights into cellular mechanisms and physiological functions. Moreover, genetic screening in tissue-specific gain-of-function mutants that mimic ALS-associated phenotypes identified disease-modifying genes. Here, we propose a comprehensive review on the Drosophila research focused on four ALS-linked genes that has revealed novel pathogenic mechanisms and identified potential therapeutic targets for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layalle
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Laetitia They
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Sarah Ourghani
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Laurent Soustelle
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.S.)
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22
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Gogia N, Chimata AV, Deshpande P, Singh A, Singh A. Hippo signaling: bridging the gap between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:643-652. [PMID: 33063715 PMCID: PMC8067938 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, regulation of organ size requires a balance between cell proliferation, growth and cell death. Dysregulation of these fundamental processes can cause a variety of diseases. Excessive cell proliferation results in cancer whereas excessive cell death results in neurodegenerative disorders. Many signaling pathways known-to-date have a role in growth regulation. Among them, evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway is unique as it controls both cell proliferation and cell death by a variety of mechanisms during organ sculpture and development. Neurodegeneration, a complex process of progressive death of neuronal population, results in fatal disorders with no available cure to date. During normal development, cell death is required for sculpting of an organ. However, aberrant cell death in neuronal cell population can result in neurodegenerative disorders. Hippo pathway has gathered major attention for its role in growth regulation and cancer, however, other functions like its role in neurodegeneration are also emerging rapidly. This review highlights the role of Hippo signaling in cell death and neurodegenerative diseases and provide the information on the chemical inhibitors employed to block Hippo pathway. Understanding Hippo mediated cell death mechanisms will aid in development of reliable and effective therapeutic strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gogia
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Aditi Singh
- Medical Candidate, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology; Premedical Program; Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND); The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH; Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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23
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Yeates CJ, Sarkar A, Deshpande P, Kango-Singh M, Singh A. A Two-Clone Approach to Study Signaling Interactions among Neuronal Cells in a Pre-clinical Alzheimer's Disease Model. iScience 2020; 23:101823. [PMID: 33319169 PMCID: PMC7724150 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the progression of Alzheimer's disease, studies often rely on ectopic expression of amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) throughout an entire tissue. Uniform ectopic expression of Aβ42 may obscure cell-cell interactions that contribute to the progression of the disease. We developed a two-clone system to study the signaling cross talk between GFP-labeled clones of Aβ42-expressing neurons and wild-type neurons simultaneously generated from the same progenitor cell by a single recombination event. Surprisingly, wild-type clones are reduced in size as compared with Aβ42-producing clones. We found that wild-type cells are eliminated by the induction of cell death. Furthermore, aberrant activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in Aβ42-expressing neurons sensitizes neighboring wild-type cells to undergo progressive neurodegeneration. Blocking JNK signaling in Aβ42-producing clones restores the size of wild-type clones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | | | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.,Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.,Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.,The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.,Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.,Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.,The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.,Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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24
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Sahu MR, Mondal AC. Neuronal Hippo signaling: From development to diseases. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:92-109. [PMID: 33275833 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hippo signaling pathway is a highly conserved and familiar tissue growth regulator, primarily dealing with cell survival, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is the key transcriptional effector molecule, which is under negative regulation of the Hippo pathway. Wealth of studies have identified crucial roles of Hippo/YAP signaling pathway during the process of development, including the development of neuronal system. We provide here, an overview of the contributions of this signaling pathway at multiple stages of neuronal development including, proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), migration of NSCs toward their destined niche, maintaining NSCs in the quiescent state, differentiation of NSCs into neurons, neuritogenesis, synaptogenesis, brain development, and in neuronal apoptosis. Hyperactivation of the neuronal Hippo pathway can also lead to a variety of devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Instances of aberrant Hippo pathway leading to neurodegenerative diseases along with the approaches utilizing this pathway as molecular targets for therapeutics has been highlighted in this review. Recent evidences suggesting neuronal repair and regenerative potential of this pathway has also been pointed out, that will shed light on a novel aspect of Hippo pathway in regenerative medicine. Our review provides a better understanding of the significance of Hippo pathway in the journey of neuronal system from development to diseases as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Ranjan Sahu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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25
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Tare M, Chimata AV, Gogia N, Narwal S, Deshpande P, Singh A. An E3 ubiquitin ligase, cullin-4 regulates retinal differentiation in Drosophila eye. Genesis 2020; 58:e23395. [PMID: 32990387 PMCID: PMC9277906 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During organogenesis, cell proliferation is followed by the differentiation of specific cell types to form an organ. Any aberration in differentiation can result in developmental defects, which can result in a partial to a near-complete loss of an organ. We employ the Drosophila eye model to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the process of differentiation. In a forward genetic screen, we identified, cullin-4 (cul-4), which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to play an important role in retinal differentiation. During development, cul-4 is known to be involved in protein degradation, regulation of genomic stability, and regulation of cell cycle. Previously, we have reported that cul-4 regulates cell death during eye development by downregulating Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway. We found that loss-of-function of cul-4 results in a reduced eye phenotype, which can be due to onset of cell death. However, we found that loss-of-function of cul-4 also affects retinal development by downregulating retinal determination (RD) gene expression. Early markers of retinal differentiation are dysregulated in cul-4 loss of function conditions, indicating that cul-4 is necessary for differentiation. Furthermore, loss-of-function of cul-4 ectopically induces expression of negative regulators of eye development like Wg and Homothorax (Hth). During eye development, Wg is known to block the progression of a synchronous wave of differentiation referred to as Morphogenetic furrow (MF). In cul-4 loss-of-function background, expression of dpp-lacZ, a MF marker, is significantly downregulated. Our data suggest a new role of cul-4 in retinal differentiation. These studies may have significant bearings on our understanding of early eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Tare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Neha Gogia
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park Drive, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Sonia Narwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prajakta Deshpande
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park Drive, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park Drive, Dayton, OH, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, 300 College Park Drive, Dayton, OH, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration & Engineering (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park Drive, Dayton, OH, USA
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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26
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Raj A, Chimata AV, Singh A. Motif 1 Binding Protein suppresses wingless to promote eye fate in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17221. [PMID: 33057115 PMCID: PMC7560846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pausing at transcription start site (TSS) is one of the key rate-limiting steps in regulating genome-wide gene expression. In Drosophila embryo, Pol II pausing is known to regulate the developmental control genes expression, however, the functional implication of Pol II pausing during later developmental time windows remains largely unknown. A highly conserved zinc finger transcription factor, Motif 1 Binding Protein (M1BP), is known to orchestrate promoter-proximal pausing. We found a new role of M1BP in regulating Drosophila eye development. Downregulation of M1BP function suppresses eye fate resulting in a reduced eye or a "no-eye" phenotype. The eye suppression function of M1BP has no domain constraint in the developing eye. Downregulation of M1BP results in more than two-fold induction of wingless (wg) gene expression along with robust induction of Homothorax (Hth), a negative regulator of eye fate. The loss-of-eye phenotype of M1BP downregulation is dependent on Wg upregulation as downregulation of both M1BP and wg, by using wgRNAi, shows a significant rescue of a reduced eye or a "no-eye" phenotype, which is accompanied by normalizing of wg and hth expression levels in the eye imaginal disc. Ectopic induction of Wg is known to trigger developmental cell death. We found that upregulation of wg as a result of downregulation of M1BP also induces apoptotic cell death, which can be significantly restored by blocking caspase-mediated cell death. Our data strongly imply that transcriptional regulation of wg by Pol II pausing factor M1BP may be one of the important regulatory mechanism(s) during Drosophila eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Raj
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA. .,Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA. .,Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA. .,Integrative Science and Engineering (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA. .,Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA.
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Chen L. FUS mutation is probably the most common pathogenic gene for JALS, especially sporadic JALS. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 177:333-340. [PMID: 33036763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) is a rare and severe form of ALS. The development of gene sequencing methods has resulted in increased reports of JALS cases in recent years, and additional gene mutations in FUS have been identified. Fused in sarcoma (FUS) mutations, appeared rarely in classical ALS but indeed were the most frequent pathogenic mutations in JALS, especially in sporadic JALS. After studied the reports in the last 10 years about JALS cases, the case characteristics caused by FUS mutations and the commonality of the mutation sites were summarized in this review. FUS mutation associated with more than half of JALS and the very majority of sporadic JALS. It's worth noting that almost all of the mutations occur in nuclear localization signal (NLS) of FUS in sporadic JALS. This discovery emphasized a new perspective focus on NLS for the diagnosis and etiology of sporadic JALS as well as for further study about new treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Janshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan Province, China.
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