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Huang YL, Huang DY, Klochkov V, Chan CM, Chen YS, Lin WW. NLRX1 Inhibits LPS-Induced Microglial Death via Inducing p62-Dependent HO-1 Expression, Inhibiting MLKL and Activating PARP-1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:481. [PMID: 38671928 PMCID: PMC11047433 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of microglia and the production of cytokines are key factors contributing to progressive neurodegeneration. Despite the well-recognized neuronal programmed cell death regulated by microglial activation, the death of microglia themselves is less investigated. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing X1 (NLRX1) functions as a scaffolding protein and is involved in various central nervous system diseases. In this study, we used the SM826 microglial cells to understand the role of NLRX1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell death. We found LPS-induced cell death is blocked by necrostatin-1 and zVAD. Meanwhile, LPS can activate poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) to reduce DNA damage and induce heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression to counteract cell death. NLRX1 silencing and PARP-1 inhibition by olaparib enhance LPS-induced SM826 microglial cell death in an additive manner. Less PARylation and higher DNA damage are observed in NLRX1-silencing cells. Moreover, LPS-induced HO-1 gene and protein expression through the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis are attenuated by NLRX1 silencing. In addition, the Nrf2-mediated positive feedback regulation of p62 is accordingly reduced by NLRX1 silencing. Of note, NLRX1 silencing does not affect LPS-induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but increases mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) activation and cell necroptosis. In addition, NLRX1 silencing blocks bafilomycin A1-induced PARP-1 activation. Taken together, for the first time, we demonstrate the role of NLRX1 in protecting microglia from LPS-induced cell death. The underlying protective mechanisms of NLRX1 include upregulating LPS-induced HO-1 expression via Nrf2-dependent p62 expression and downstream Keap1-Nrf2 axis, mediating PARP-1 activation for DNA repair via ROS- and autophagy-independent pathway, and reducing MLKL activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Vladlen Klochkov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Taiwan University, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin 640203, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
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Chan CW, Chen HW, Wang YW, Lin CI, Chuang YH. IL-21, not IL-17A, exacerbates murine primary biliary cholangitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:137-147. [PMID: 37708215 PMCID: PMC10847827 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease caused by intrahepatic bile duct injuries, resulting in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually liver failure. T helper (Th) 17 cells are proposed to involve in the pathogenesis of PBC. However, how and which Th17 cell-derived cytokines affect PBC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of Th17 effector cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, and IL-21 in PBC using a xenobiotic-induced mouse model of autoimmune cholangitis (inducible chemical xenobiotic models of PBC) treated with cytokine-expressing adeno-associated virus. Our results showed that administration of IL-17A, the well-known main cytokine produced by Th17 cells, did not augment liver inflammation or fibrosis. In contrast, we noted IL-17A-treated mice had lower hepatic Th1 cell numbers and higher hepatic CD11b+Ly6G+ polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell numbers. IL-17F did not alter liver inflammation or fibrosis. However, the administration of IL-21 exacerbated liver inflammatory responses and portal cell infiltration. IL-21 markedly increased the numbers of activated CD8+ T cells and liver tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells. Moreover, IL-21 aggravates liver fibrosis in mice with autoimmune cholangitis. These results emphasized that not IL-17A but IL-21 in Th17 cell-derived cytokines affected the pathogenesis of PBC. IL-21 enhanced liver inflammation and progression to fibrosis by enhancing the numbers and effector activities of CD8+ T cells. Delineation of the effects of different Th17 effector cytokines in PBC offers clues for developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Chan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu MY, Lin KR, Chien YL, Yang BZ, Tsui LY, Chu HP, Wu CSP. ATR phosphorylates DHX9 at serine 321 to suppress R-loop accumulation upon genotoxic stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:204-222. [PMID: 37930853 PMCID: PMC10783509 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA/RNA hybrids (R-loops) formed during transcription and replication disturbances pose threats to genome stability. DHX9 is an RNA helicase involved in R-loop resolution, but how DHX9 is regulated in response to genotoxic stress remains unclear. Here we report that DHX9 is phosphorylated at S321 and S688, with S321 phosphorylation primarily induced by ATR after DNA damage. Phosphorylation of DHX9 at S321 promotes its interaction with γH2AX, BRCA1 and RPA, and is required for its association with R-loops under genotoxic stress. Inhibition of ATR or expression of the non-phosphorylatable DHX9S321A prevents DHX9 from interacting with RPA and R-loops, leading to the accumulation of stress-induced R-loops. Furthermore, depletion of RPA reduces the association between DHX9 and γH2AX, and in vitro binding analysis confirms a direct interaction between DHX9 and RPA. Notably, cells with the non-phosphorylatable DHX9S321A variant exhibit hypersensitivity to genotoxic stress, while those expressing the phosphomimetic DHX9S321D variant prevent R-loop accumulation and display resistance to DNA damage agents. In summary, we uncover a new mechanism by which ATR directly regulates DHX9 through phosphorylation to eliminate stress-induced R-loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yin Liu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Ru Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chien
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Ze Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Tsui
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | | | - Ching-Shyi Peter Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
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Tsai NW, Lin CC, Yeh TY, Chiu YA, Chiu HH, Huang HP, Hsieh ST. An induced pluripotent stem cell-based model identifies molecular targets of vincristine neurotoxicity. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049471. [PMID: 36518084 PMCID: PMC10655812 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To model peripheral nerve degeneration and investigate molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we established a cell system of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neurons exposed to vincristine, a drug that frequently causes chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Sensory neurons differentiated from iPSCs exhibit distinct neurochemical patterns according to the immunocytochemical phenotypes, and gene expression of peripherin (PRPH, hereafter referred to as Peri) and neurofilament heavy chain (NEFH, hereafter referred to as NF). The majority of iPSC-derived sensory neurons were PRPH positive/NEFH negative, i.e. Peri(+)/NF(-) neurons, whose somata were smaller than those of Peri(+)/NF(+) neurons. On exposure to vincristine, projections from the cell body of a neuron, i.e. neurites, were degenerated quicker than somata, the lethal concentration to kill 50% (LC50) of neurites being below the LC50 for somata, consistent with the clinical pattern of length-dependent neuropathy. We then examined the molecular expression in the MAP kinase signaling pathways of, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (MAPK1/3, hereafter referred to as ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK11/12/13/14, hereafter referred to as p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (MAPK8/9/10, hereafter referred to as JNK). Regarding these three cascades, only phosphorylation of JNK was upregulated but not that of p38 or ERK1/2. Furthermore, vincristine-treatment resulted in impaired autophagy and reduced autophagic flux. Rapamycin-treatment reversed the effect of impaired autophagy and JNK activation. These results not only established a platform to study peripheral degeneration of human neurons but also provide molecular mechanisms for neurodegeneration with the potential for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Wei Tsai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chen Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Yen Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chiu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Chiu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Department of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Chin W, Chen Y, Lin T, Guo YL, Shiao JSC. Short sleep and chronic neck and shoulder discomfort in nurses. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12236. [PMID: 34085379 PMCID: PMC8175291 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Short sleep duration is common among nurses. Sleep restriction has been associated with musculoskeletal discomfort. However, studies on the effect of short sleep duration on chronic neck and shoulder discomfort in nurses have been lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether short sleep duration is related to chronic neck and shoulder discomfort. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of female nurses in secondary referral health centers in Taiwan. We applied stratified sampling based on region (north, central, south, and east) to select representative centers for this study. A self-administered structured questionnaire, including demographic data, the psychological working environment, and musculoskeletal symptoms, was administered to nurses. Multiple logistic regression and population attributable risk analyses were performed to assess the effect of average sleeping hours per working day on chronic neck and shoulder discomfort. RESULTS A total of 1602 (78.9%) questionnaires were eligible for final analysis. The prevalence rates of chronic neck and shoulder discomfort were 33.9% and 34.7%, respectively. Population attributable risk estimation revealed that a sleep duration of <7 hours per working day was the most crucial factor for chronic neck and shoulder discomfort in the nurses, accounting for 8.8% of chronic neck discomfort and 8.6% of chronic shoulder discomfort respectively. CONCLUSION Our study found that sleep duration on working days was associated with chronic neck and shoulder discomfort in female nurses. Further interventions are warranted for maintaining nurses' sleep hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Shan Chin
- School of NursingCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University (NTU)TaipeiTaiwan
- Department of NursingNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chuan Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health ScienceNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Ti Lin
- School of NursingNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yue‐Liang Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health ScienceNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
- Environment and Occupational MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesNTU College of Public HealthTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Judith S. C. Shiao
- School of NursingCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University (NTU)TaipeiTaiwan
- Department of NursingNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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Hassanin HM, Serya RAT, Abd Elmoneam WR, Mostafa MA. Synthesis and molecular docking studies of some novel Schiff bases incorporating 6-butylquinolinedione moiety as potential topoisomerase IIβ inhibitors. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:172407. [PMID: 30110445 PMCID: PMC6030276 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel pyranoquinolinone-based Schiff's bases were designed and synthesized. They were evaluated for topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) inhibitory activity, and cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) for the development of novel anticancer agents. A molecular docking study was employed to investigate their binding and functional properties as TOP2B inhibitors, using the Discovery Studio 2.5 software, where they showed very interesting ability to intercalate the DNA-topoisomerase complex. Compounds 2a, 2c and 2f showed high docking score values (82.36% -29.98 kcal mol-1 for compound 2a, 78.18% -26.98 kcal mol-1 for compound 2c and 78.65, -28.11 kcal mol-1 for compound 2f) and revealed the highest enzyme inhibition activity. The best hit compounds exhibited highly potent TOP2B inhibitors with submicromolar IC50 at 5 µM compared to the reference doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. Hassanin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University RoxyCairo 11711, Egypt
| | - Rabah A. T. Serya
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R. Abd Elmoneam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University RoxyCairo 11711, Egypt
| | - Mai A. Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University RoxyCairo 11711, Egypt
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