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Soqia J, Yakoub-Agha L, Mohamad L, Alhomsi R, Shamaa MA, Yazbek A, Alsaid B. Syrian crises effect on specialty choice and the decision to work in the country among residents of six major hospitals in Syria, Damascus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295310. [PMID: 38329984 PMCID: PMC10852239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessing the impact of war on medical residents' specialty choices and migration decisions is critical to ensure the sustainability of healthcare systems worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Syrian crisis on specialty choices, related factors, and decisions to work in Syria among residents of six major university hospitals in Damascus. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire from 20/4/2022 to 20/5/2022, including all eligible residents with no missing data. The questionnaire was comprised of 68 items, and residents were divided into two groups: group 1 included residents who made their specialty choice after the end of the military war in Damascus 2018, while group 2 included residents who made their specialty choice (the point of submitting their lists and applying for residency) during the war. A total of 370 residents were included, with 38.4% females and 61.6% males. Our findings revealed that 30% of residents preferred working in Syria, while 43.5% preferred working abroad. The factor of a "safer and more stable life" was significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (3.86>3.5, p-value = 0.026). Additionally, Group 1 residents were more likely to choose radiology, pathology, laboratory, and psychiatry specialization as their specialties, while choosing surgical specializations and hematology decreased compared to Group 2 (p-value<0.05). Factors related to social life were rated higher by group 1 (mean = 3.31) than by group 2 (mean = 2.27, Standard deviation = 0.19, p-value = 0.002). Moreover, the factor of "a specialization to facilitate traveling abroad" was significantly higher in Group 1 (2.69>2.21, Standard deviation = 0.22, p-value = 0.033). The Syrian crisis and its economic aftermath have influenced residents' specialty choices and practice locations. Even after the war's end, the high level of migration intentions could negatively affect the quality of provided healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Soqia
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Laila Yakoub-Agha
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Lama Mohamad
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Rawan Alhomsi
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Albaraa Yazbek
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Bayan Alsaid
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Toyin-Thomas P, Ikhurionan P, Omoyibo EE, Iwegim C, Ukueku AO, Okpere J, Nnawuihe UC, Atat J, Otakhoigbogie U, Orikpete EV, Erhiawarie F, Gbejewoh EO, Odogu U, Akhirevbulu ICG, Kwarshak YK, Wariri O. Drivers of health workers' migration, intention to migrate and non-migration from low/middle-income countries, 1970-2022: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2023-012338. [PMID: 37156560 PMCID: PMC10174016 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The migration of healthcare workers (HWs) from low/middle-income countries (LMICs) is a pressing global health issue with implications for population-level health outcomes. We aimed to synthesise the drivers of HWs' out-migration, intention to migrate and non-migration from LMICs. METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health and Web of Science, as well as the reference lists of retrieved articles. We included studies (quantitative, qualitative or mixed-methods) on HWs' migration or intention to migrate, published in either English or French between 1 January 1970 and 31 August 2022. The retrieved titles were deduplicated in EndNote before being exported to Rayyan for independent screening by three reviewers. RESULTS We screened 21 593 unique records and included 107 studies. Of the included studies, 82 were single-country studies focusing on 26 countries, while the remaining 25 included data from multiple LMICs. Most of the articles focused on either doctors 64.5% (69 of 107) and/or nurses 54.2% (58 of 107). The UK (44.9% (48 of 107)) and the USA (42% (45 of 107)) were the top destination countries. The LMICs with the highest number of studies were South Africa (15.9% (17 of 107)), India (12.1% (13 of 107)) and the Philippines (6.5% (7 of 107)). The major drivers of migration were macro-level and meso-level factors. Remuneration (83.2%) and security problems (58.9%) were the key macro-level factors driving HWs' migration/intention to migrate. In comparison, career prospects (81.3%), good working environment (63.6%) and job satisfaction (57.9%) were the major meso-level drivers. These key drivers have remained relatively constant over the last five decades and did not differ among HWs who have migrated and those with intention to migrate or across geographical regions. CONCLUSION Growing evidence suggests that the key drivers of HWs' migration or intention to migrate are similar across geographical regions in LMICs. Opportunities exist to build collaborations to develop and implement strategies to halt this pressing global health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Toyin-Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Paul Ikhurionan
- Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Efe E Omoyibo
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria
| | - Chinelo Iwegim
- Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Avwebo O Ukueku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Jermaine Okpere
- Department of Clinical Research, Alpha Research Clinic, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ukachi C Nnawuihe
- Department of Clinical Services, Intercountry Centre for Oral Health for Africa, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Josephine Atat
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Uwaila Otakhoigbogie
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Franca Erhiawarie
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Uyoyo Odogu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Oghenebrume Wariri
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Taherahmadi M, Khabaz Mafinejad M, Sayarifard A, Akbari Sari A, Farahani P. Iranian medical students' tendency to migrate and its associated factors. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:232. [PMID: 37046306 PMCID: PMC10091681 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical staff migration is one of the challenges for both developed and developing countries affecting society's health and welfare, which limits access to equity. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to investigate the tendency to migrate and the factors affecting it among medical students of the Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2019. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed among 472 medical students using a valid questionnaire which was designed after reviewing the literature and using the opinions of experts. The tendency to migrate and its associated factors were analyzed and reported using the Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA test, Tukey post-hock test, and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. RESULTS According to this study, the tendency to migrate was 6.13 ± 2.82 out of 10. While there was no significant relationship between age, marital status, medical educational phase and the tendency to migrate (p > 0.05); There was a significant relationship between willingness to migrate with variables of gender (p = 0.027), pre-university study region (p < 0.001), father's academic degree (p = 0.007), mother's academic degree (p < 0.001), having the relative abroad (p < 0.001), foreign trip experience (p < 0.001), foreign language skills (p < 0.001), number of published articles (p = 0.005) and Iran's National Elite Foundation membership (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Females, elites, and those with higher socioeconomic state, previous exposure to foreign countries, the ability to speak foreign languages, and research activity are more likely to migrate. Considering the high tendency to migrate among Iranian medical students, urgent and severe strategies must be undertaken to solve this social and health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahboobeh Khabaz Mafinejad
- Health Professions Education Research Center, Department of Medical Education, Education Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Sayarifard
- Center for Academic and Health Policy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari Sari
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Farahani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tosunöz İK, Nazik E. Career future perceptions and attitudes towards migration of nursing students: A cross-sectional multicenter study. Nurse Educ Pract 2022; 63:103413. [PMID: 35901527 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to understand the perceptions of career plans and attitudes towards migration of nursing students so that it can be possible to review the education programs in this direction and plan an effective health workforce. AIM To determine nursing students' career future perceptions and attitudes towards migration. DESIGN Descriptive and cross-sectional online survey. METHODS The study was completed with 3053 students from 52 universities located in seven different regions of Turkey who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using the "Student Information Form", "Attitude Scale for Brain Drain (ASBD)" and "Career Futures Inventory (CFI)" with an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance and correlation were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Mean age of the students was 20.29 ± 2.28 and most were females. Students' mean total scores of ASBD, and CFI were 56.64 ± 12.22 and 91.32 ± 11.71 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the total mean scores of ASBD and the region of the university where the students studied, gender, being multilingual, desire to work abroad after graduation and experience of participating in student exchange programs and between the total mean scores of CFI and experience of participating in an exchange program. There was a positive and statistically significant relationship between ASBD and CFI total mean scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nursing students' attitudes towards migration and perceptions of career future were positive and there was a positive relationship between attitudes towards migration and perceptions of career future.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Köse Tosunöz
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Evşen Nazik
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Adana, Turkey.
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Tripković K, Šantrić-Milićević M, Vasić M, Živković-Šulović M, Odalović M, Mijatović-Jovanović V, Bukumirić Z. Factors Associated with Intention of Serbian Public Health Workers to Leave the Job: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182010652. [PMID: 34682398 PMCID: PMC8535250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment and retention of public health workers (PHWs) is crucial for the optimal functioning of the public health system at a time of budget cuts and the threat of a pandemic. Individual and job-related variables were examined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of the intention to leave a job during the COVID-19 outbreak among Serbian PHWs in 25 institutes of public health (n = 1663 respondents, of which 73.1% were female). A total of 20.3% of PHWs intended to leave their current job within the next five years. Males and persons aged younger than 55 years who had additional practice were more likely to report an intention to leave their job than females, those older than 54 years and those without additional work. While uncertainty and fear of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic were almost perceived as job attractiveness, other job-related characteristics were identified as significant barriers to maintaining the sufficient capacity of qualified PHWs in the future. Authorities need to address these factors, including the following: the feeling of tension, stress or pressure, and unavailability of information during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as dissatisfaction with respect, valuation, and the job in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katica Tripković
- Department for Analysis, Planning and Organization of Health Care, City Institute of Public Health Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Milena Šantrić-Milićević
- Centre–School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vasić
- Faculty of Dentistry Pancevo, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia;
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | | | - Marina Odalović
- Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Mijatović-Jovanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bukumirić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Efendi F, Oda H, Kurniati A, Hadjo SS, Nadatien I, Ritonga IL. Determinants of nursing students' intention to migrate overseas to work and implications for sustainability: The case of Indonesian students. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 23:103-112. [PMID: 32677133 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High graduation of nurses and limited job opportunities in Indonesia may lead to the emigration of nurses particularly through facilitated migration. This study aimed at identifying the prevalence of Indonesian nursing students with intention to work in Japan and predictors of their intention to migrate as well as having a definite plan to work in Japan. The study adopted cross-sectional design with a sample of 1,407 Indonesian nursing students. Factors associated with having migration intention, as well as a definite plan to work in Japan, were age, residence, and overseas experience. Other factors related to a definite plan to work abroad were family income, mastering a foreign language, knowledge about the nurse migration related to Indonesia-Japan cooperation, and their motivations to migrate to Japan. Sustainability of this international recruitment of nurses is possible by understanding the context of both source and destination countries. Maximizing benefits of migration of nurses for Indonesia and Japan requires structured policies targeting the educational sector and addressing the sustainability issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferry Efendi
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,School of Nursing & Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hisaya Oda
- Faculty of Policy Science, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anna Kurniati
- Center for Planning and Management of Human Resources for Health, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Samuel S Hadjo
- Faculty of Nursing, Klabat University, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia
| | - Ima Nadatien
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Kyoko S, Naruse K, Puangrat B. Does the mutual recognition agreement on nursing services accelerate nurse migration in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations? Nurs Open 2020; 7:1187-1196. [PMID: 32587739 PMCID: PMC7308680 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To clarify the situations of nursing education and activity, its affecting factors and the nursing educators' views on nurse migration relating Mutual Recognition Agreement on Nursing Services in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Design: Descriptive qualitative research. Methods The individual semi-structured interviews with 11 nursing educators, analysed using thematic analysis. Results Nursing educators acknowledged that the change in nursing was mainly due to the creation and amendment of laws, acts and regulations regarding nursing and improvements in nursing education systems. Some of these improvements occurred by this mutual agreement. The conceptualization of the progress indicated an improvement in the quality of nursing. Nurse migration to the outside of Southeast Asian countries might be accelerated due to concurrent improvements in the quality of nursing. New trends among nurses working as caregivers in surrounding countries such as China, South Korea and Japan to deal with demographic ageing should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudo Kyoko
- National College of NursingNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
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Nahariani P, Ratna KW, Kolifah K, Noviana I, Rosmaharani S. Japanese Language Interest on Nursing Students toward Intention to Work in Japan at Stikes Pemkab Jombang. J Ners 2020. [DOI: 10.20473/jn.v14i3.17123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In Indonesia, the working prevalence of nurses was that 95% worked in the country and 5% were working abroad. The government provides opportunities for nurses who want to work in Japan through networking (Indonesia Japan Economic Partnership Agreement). However, there isn’t a lot of interest due to the lack of knowledge of the Japanese language. This study aimed to analyze the Japanese language related to the nursing students’ interest concerning working in Japan.Methods: The design of the study was correlational research with a cross-sectional approach which was conducted between May 31st and June 1st, 2016. The population consisted of nursing Bachelor’s program students and the population totaled 41; the samples totaled as many as 37. The data collection used Japanese observation test scores and questionnaires.Results: The results showed that most of the 75.6% got a good score (B). Nearly half (48.6%) of them were intending to work in Japan and 2.7% got great scores, also with the intent to work Japan. Based on the test results, the statistical value = 0.798 that the ρ value> α (0.05).Conclusion: This means that there is no correlation between the Japanese language and the nurse’s working interest related to Japan. The recommendation in this study is the implementation of an active Japanese language course. Further research should analyze the factors that affect the interests of Indonesian nurses when it comes to working in Japan.
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Gacevic M, Santric Milicevic M, Vasic M, Horozovic V, Milicevic M, Milic N. The relationship between dual practice, intention to work abroad and job satisfaction: A population-based study in the Serbian public healthcare sector. Health Policy 2018; 122:1132-1139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Djordjevic G, Dagovic A, Ristic V, Kanjevac T, Brajkovic D, Popovic M. Trends and Patterns of Disparities in Oral Cavity and Pharyngeal Cancer in Serbia: Prevalence and Economic Consequences in a Transitional Country. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:385. [PMID: 28670280 PMCID: PMC5472664 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandar Dagovic
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of KragujevacKragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ristic
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of BelgradeBeograd, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of KragujevacKragujevac, Serbia
| | - Denis Brajkovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of KragujevacKragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Popovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of KragujevacKragujevac, Serbia
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Asadi H, Ahmadi B, Nedjat S, Sari AA, Gorji HA, Zalani GS. Factors affecting intent to immigration among Iranian health workers in 2016. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4669-4677. [PMID: 28848646 PMCID: PMC5557151 DOI: 10.19082/4669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of human resources in the health sector through migration has caused many problems in the delivery of healthcare services in developing countries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing intention to migrate in skilled human resources in Iran's healthcare sector. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2016 in Iran. The study population included health sector human resources at the Tehran and Iran University of Medical Sciences. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 827 people were selected for participation. Participants included four groups: hospital staff, health workers, medical students, and postgraduate students (Masters and PhD). Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive parameters, chi-square and logistic regression test using SPSS version 18. RESULTS Inclination to migrate, in the study population, was 54.77%. There was a significant relationship between inclination to migrate and age, work experience, employment status, marital status, familiarity with a foreign language, foreign language skills, foreign language courses, having relatives or family living abroad, and prior experience of being abroad (p<0.05). The most important factors influencing inclination to migrate were: reaching out for better life (81.92±21.95), interdisciplinary discrimination (80.83±20.75), and experience of living and studying abroad. (80.55±18.12). CONCLUSION Considering the high rate of intention to emigrate in the studied population (54.77%), a lot of whom will emigrate if their situation is ready, it can be a serious problem for the health system in the near future in which it will face lack of skilled health workers, and so requires more attention of health sector authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshmatollah Asadi
- M.Sc. of Health Services Management, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batoul Ahmadi
- Ph.D. of Health Services Management, Associate Professor, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nedjat
- Ph.D. of Epidemiology, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari Sari
- Ph.D. of Health Policy & Management, Professor, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Abolghasem Gorji
- Ph.D. of Health Services Management, Assistant Professor, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Salehi Zalani
- Ph.D. of Psychology, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Deputy of Curative Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Santric-Milicevic M, Vasic V, Terzic-Supic Z. Do health care workforce, population, and service provision significantly contribute to the total health expenditure? An econometric analysis of Serbia. Hum Resour Health 2016; 14:50. [PMID: 27526854 PMCID: PMC4986341 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-016-0146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In times of austerity, the availability of econometric health knowledge assists policy-makers in understanding and balancing health expenditure with health care plans within fiscal constraints. The objective of this study is to explore whether the health workforce supply of the public health care sector, population number, and utilization of inpatient care significantly contribute to total health expenditure. METHODS The dependent variable is the total health expenditure (THE) in Serbia from the years 2003 to 2011. The independent variables are the number of health workers employed in the public health care sector, population number, and inpatient care discharges per 100 population. The statistical analyses include the quadratic interpolation method, natural logarithm and differentiation, and multiple linear regression analyses. The level of significance is set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The regression model captures 90 % of all variations of observed dependent variables (adjusted R square), and the model is significant (P < 0.001). Total health expenditure increased by 1.21 standard deviations, with an increase in health workforce growth rate by 1 standard deviation. Furthermore, this rate decreased by 1.12 standard deviations, with an increase in (negative) population growth rate by 1 standard deviation. Finally, the growth rate increased by 0.38 standard deviation, with an increase of the growth rate of inpatient care discharges per 100 population by 1 standard deviation (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Study results demonstrate that the government has been making an effort to control strongly health budget growth. Exploring causality relationships between health expenditure and health workforce is important for countries that are trying to consolidate their public health finances and achieve universal health coverage at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Santric-Milicevic
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Center School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V. Vasic
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, Kamenicka 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Z. Terzic-Supic
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Center School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Santric Milicevic M, Vasic M, Edwards M. Mapping the governance of human resources for health in Serbia. Health Policy 2015; 119:1613-20. [PMID: 26358245 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article maps the current governance of human resources for health (HRH) in relation to universal health coverage in Serbia since the health sector reforms in 2003. The study adapts the Global Health Workforce Alliance/World Health Organization four-dimensional framework of HRH in the context of governance for universal health coverage. A set of proxies was established for the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of HRH. Analysis of official HRH documentation from relevant institutions and reports were used to construct a governance profile of HRH for Serbia from the introduction of the reform in 2003 up to 2013. The results show that all Serbian districts (except Sremski) surpass the availability threshold of 59.4 skilled midwives, nurses and physicians per 10,000 inhabitants. District accessibility of health workforce greatly differed from the national average with variances from +26% to -34%. Analysis of national averages and patient load of general practitioners showed variances among districts by ± 21%, whilst hospital discharges per 100 inhabitants deviated between +52% and -45%. Pre-service and in-service education of health workforce is regulated and accredited. However, through its efforts to respond to population health needs Serbia lacks a single coordinating entity to take overall responsibility for effective and coordinated HRH planning, management and development within the broader landscape of health strategy development.
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