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Canzian J, Borba JV, Ames J, Silva RM, Resmim CM, Pretzel CW, Duarte MCF, Storck TR, Mohammed KA, Adedara IA, Loro VL, Gerlai R, Rosemberg DB. The influence of acute dopamine transporter inhibition on manic-, depressive-like phenotypes, and brain oxidative status in adult zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110961. [PMID: 38325745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Functional changes in dopamine transporter (DAT) are related to various psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder (BD) symptoms. In experimental research, the inhibition of DAT induces behavioral alterations that recapitulate symptoms found in BD patients, including mania and depressive mood. Thus, developing novel animal models that mimic BD-related conditions by pharmacologically modulating the dopaminergic signaling is relevant. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been considered a suitable vertebrate system for modeling BD-like responses, due to the well-characterized behavioral responses and evolutionarily conservation of the dopaminergic system of this species. Here, we investigate whether GBR 12909, a selective inhibitor of DAT, causes neurobehavioral alterations in zebrafish similar to those observed in BD patients. Behaviors were recorded after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of GBR 12909 at different doses (3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg). To observe temporal effects on behavior, swim path parameters were measured immediately after the administration period during 30 min. Locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, social preference, aggression, despair-like behavior, and oxidative stress-related biomarkers in the brain were measured 30 min post administration. GBR 12909 induced prominent effects on locomotor activity and vertical exploration during the 30-min period. Hyperactivity was observed in GBR 30 group after 25 min, while all doses markedly reduced vertical drifts. GBR 12909 elicited hyperlocomotion, anxiety-like behavior, decreased social preference, aggression, and induced depressive-like behavior in a behavioral despair task. Depending on the dose, GBR 12909 also decreased SOD activity and TBARS levels, as well as increased GR activity and NPSH content. Collectively, our novel findings show that a single GBR 12909 administration evokes neurobehavioral changes that recapitulate manic- and depressive-like states observed in rodents, fostering the use of zebrafish models to explore BD-like responses in translational neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - João V Borba
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaíne Ames
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rossano M Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cássio M Resmim
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camilla W Pretzel
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília F Duarte
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tamiris R Storck
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Khadija A Mohammed
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vania L Loro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada; Department of Cell and System Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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D'Urso G, Toscano E, Barone A, Palermo M, Dell'Osso B, Di Lorenzo G, Mantovani A, Martinotti G, Fornaro M, Iasevoli F, de Bartolomeis A. Transcranial direct current stimulation for bipolar depression: systematic reviews of clinical evidence and biological underpinnings. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110672. [PMID: 36332699 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite multiple available treatments for bipolar depression (BD), many patients face sub-optimal responses. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been advocated in the management of different conditions, including BD, especially in treatment-resistant cases. The optimal dose and timing of tDCS, the mutual influence with other concurrently administered interventions, long-term efficacy, overall safety, and biological underpinnings nonetheless deserve additional assessment. The present study appraised the existing clinical evidence about tDCS for bipolar depression, delving into the putative biological underpinnings with a special emphasis on cellular and molecular levels, with the ultimate goal of providing a translational perspective on the matter. Two separate systematic reviews across the PubMed database since inception up to August 8th 2022 were performed, with fourteen clinical and nineteen neurobiological eligible studies. The included clinical studies encompass 207 bipolar depression patients overall and consistently document the efficacy of tDCS, with a reduction in depression scores after treatment ranging from 18% to 92%. The RCT with the largest sample clearly showed a significant superiority of active stimulation over sham. Mild-to-moderate and transient adverse effects are attributed to tDCS across these studies. The review of neurobiological literature indicates that several molecular mechanisms may account for the antidepressant effect of tDCS in BD patients, including the action on calcium homeostasis in glial cells, the enhancement of LTP, the regulation of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory mediators, and the modulation of the expression of plasticity-related genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the matter to concurrently provide a synthesis of the clinical evidence and an in-depth appraisal of the putative biological underpinnings, providing consistent support for the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano D'Urso
- Section of Psychiatry, Clinical Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology, Unit of Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Clinical Department of Head and Neck, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Elena Toscano
- Section of Psychiatry, Clinical Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology, Unit of Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Clinical Department of Head and Neck, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Clinical Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology, Unit of Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Clinical Department of Head and Neck, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario Palermo
- Section of Psychiatry, Clinical Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology, Unit of Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Clinical Department of Head and Neck, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Ospedale Luigi Sacco Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford University, CA, USA; CRC "Aldo Ravelli" for Neuro-technology & Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Psychiatric and Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute "V. Tiberio" Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy; Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e delle Dipendenze, Azienda Sanitaria Regionale del Molise (ASReM), Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University Gabriele d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Clinical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Herts, UK
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Clinical Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology, Unit of Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Clinical Department of Head and Neck, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Clinical Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology, Unit of Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Clinical Department of Head and Neck, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Clinical Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology, Unit of Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Clinical Department of Head and Neck, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Phenotypes, mechanisms and therapeutics: insights from bipolar disorder GWAS findings. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2927-2939. [PMID: 35351989 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported substantial genomic loci significantly associated with clinical risk of bipolar disorder (BD), and studies combining techniques of genetics, neuroscience, neuroimaging, and pharmacology are believed to help tackle clinical problems (e.g., identifying novel therapeutic targets). However, translating findings of psychiatric genetics into biological mechanisms underlying BD pathogenesis remains less successful. Biological impacts of majority of BD GWAS risk loci are obscure, and the involvement of many GWAS risk genes in this illness is yet to be investigated. It is thus necessary to review the progress of applying BD GWAS risk genes in the research and intervention of the disorder. A comprehensive literature search found that a number of such risk genes had been investigated in cellular or animal models, even before they were highlighted in BD GWAS. Intriguingly, manipulation of many BD risk genes (e.g., ANK3, CACNA1C, CACNA1B, HOMER1, KCNB1, MCHR1, NCAN, SHANK2 etc.) resulted in altered murine behaviors largely restoring BD clinical manifestations, including mania-like symptoms such as hyperactivity, anxiolytic-like behavior, as well as antidepressant-like behavior, and these abnormalities could be attenuated by mood stabilizers. In addition to recapitulating phenotypic characteristics of BD, some GWAS risk genes further provided clues for the neurobiology of this illness, such as aberrant activation and functional connectivity of brain areas in the limbic system, and modulated dendritic spine morphogenesis as well as synaptic plasticity and transmission. Therefore, BD GWAS risk genes are undoubtedly pivotal resources for modeling this illness, and might be translational therapeutic targets in the future clinical management of BD. We discuss both promising prospects and cautions in utilizing the bulk of useful resources generated by GWAS studies. Systematic integrations of findings from genetic and neuroscience studies are called for to promote our understanding and intervention of BD.
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Tracing the psychopathology of bipolar disorder to the functional architecture of intrinsic brain activity and its neurotransmitter modulation: a three-dimensional model. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:793-802. [PMID: 33414499 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) shows complex alterations in psychomotor, affective, and thought dimensions, as described by Kraepelin in his fundamental model of manic-depressive illness. In turn, the expression of behavioral/phenomenological dimensions is traceable to intrinsic brain activity. We reported a data overview on intrinsic brain functioning and its changes in BD. Accordingly, we proposed a three-dimensional model of the relationship between brain functioning and behavioral/phenomenological patterns, along with its application to BD. In this model, intrinsic brain activity is organized in distinct units in accordance to connectivity patterns and related setting of input/output processing, underlying the different behavioral/phenomenological dimensions. An external unit (mainly involving the sensorimotor network) is connected with the external environment and sets the exteroceptive input/somatomotor output processing, underlying the psychomotor dimension. An internal unit (mainly involving the salience network) is connected to the internal/body environment and sets the interoceptive input/visceromotor output processing, underlying the affective dimension. Finally, an associative unit (mainly involving the default-mode network) is not connected with the environment and sets the processing of associative inputs/outputs, underlying the thought dimension. In each unit, neurotransmitter signaling couples the subcortical-cortical loop, which modulates the network activity levels, in turn setting input/output processing and related expression levels of the behavioral/phenomenological dimension. Different combinations in neurotransmitter signaling favor network balancing into distinct functional brain states, which manifest in different combinations of excitation or inhibition in psychomotricity, affectivity, and thought, resulting in the manic, depressive, and mixed states of BD. Our working model might provide a coherent framework for tracing the complex BD psychopathology to core functional brain alterations.
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A unified model of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:202-211. [PMID: 33859358 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This work provides an overview of the most consistent alterations in bipolar disorder (BD), attempting to unify them in an internally coherent working model of the pathophysiology of BD. Data on immune-inflammatory changes, structural brain abnormalities (in gray and white matter), and functional brain alterations (from neurotransmitter signaling to intrinsic brain activity) in BD were reviewed. Based on the reported data, (1) we hypothesized that the core pathological alteration in BD is a damage of the limbic network that results in alterations of neurotransmitter signaling. Although heterogeneous conditions can lead to such damage, we supposed that the main pathophysiological mechanism is traceable to an immune/inflammatory-mediated alteration of white matter involving the limbic network connections, which destabilizes the neurotransmitter signaling, such as dopamine and serotonin signaling. Then, (2) we suggested that changes in such neurotransmitter signaling (potentially triggered by heterogeneous stressors onto a structurally-damaged limbic network) lead to phasic (and often recurrent) reconfigurations of intrinsic brain activity, from abnormal subcortical-cortical coupling to changes in network activity. We suggested that the resulting dysbalance between networks, such as sensorimotor networks, salience network, and default-mode network, clinically manifest in combined alterations of psychomotricity, affectivity, and thought during the manic and depressive phases of BD. Finally, (3) we supposed that an additional contribution of gray matter alterations and related cognitive deterioration characterize a clinical-biological subgroup of BD. This model may provide a general framework for integrating the current data on BD and suggests novel specific hypotheses, prompting for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of BD.
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Beyer DKE, Horn L, Klinker N, Freund N. Risky decision-making following prefrontal D1 receptor manipulation. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:432-443. [PMID: 34760299 PMCID: PMC8569284 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is involved in cognitive processes. Viral overexpression of this receptor in rats further increases the reward-related behaviors and even its termination induces anhedonia and helplessness. In this study, we investigated the risky decision-making during D1R overexpression and its termination. Rats conducted the rodent version of the Iowa gambling task daily. In addition, the methyl CpG–binding protein-2 (MeCP2), one regulator connecting the dopaminergic system, cognitive processes, and mood-related behavior, was investigated after completion of the behavioral tasks. D1R overexpressing subjects exhibited maladaptive risky decision-making and risky decisions returned to control levels following termination of D1R overexpression; however, after termination, animals earned less reward compared to control subjects. In this phase, MeCP2-positive cells were elevated in the right amygdala. Our results extend the previously reported behavioral changes in the D1R-manipulated animal model to increased risk-taking and revealed differential MeCP2 expression adding further evidence for a bipolar disorder-like phenotype of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K. E. Beyer
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lisa Horn
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadine Klinker
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Decreased motor impulsivity following chronic lithium treatment in male rats is associated with reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the orbitofrontal cortex. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:339-349. [PMID: 32688024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium's efficacy in reducing both symptom severity in bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide risk across clinical populations may reflect its ability to reduce impulsivity. Changes in immune markers are associated with BD and suicidality yet their exact role in symptom expression remains unknown. Evidence also suggests that lithium may decrease levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the periphery and central nervous system, and that such changes are related to its therapeutic efficacy. However, issues of cause and effect are hard to infer from clinical data alone. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic dietary lithium treatment on rats' performance of the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5CSRTT), a well-validated operant behavioural task measuring aspects of impulsivity, attention and motivation. Male Long-Evans rats received a diet supplemented with 0.3% LiCl (n = 13), or the equivalent control diet (n = 16), during behavioural testing. Blood and brain tissue samples were assayed for a wide range of cytokines once any changes in impulsivity became significant. After 12 weeks, chronic lithium treatment reduced levels of motor impulsivity, as indexed by premature responses in the 5CSRTT; measures of sustained attention and motivation were unaffected. Plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-10 and RANTES (CCL-5) were reduced in lithium-treated rats at this time point. IL-1β, IL-6 and RANTES were also reduced selectively within the orbitofrontal cortex of lithium-treated rats, whereas cytokine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens were comparable with control subjects. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lithium may improve impulse control deficits in clinical populations by minimising the effects of pro-inflammatory signalling on neuronal activity, particularly within the orbitofrontal cortex.
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Martino M, Magioncalda P, Conio B, Capobianco L, Russo D, Adavastro G, Tumati S, Tan Z, Lee HC, Lane TJ, Amore M, Inglese M, Northoff G. Abnormal Functional Relationship of Sensorimotor Network With Neurotransmitter-Related Nuclei via Subcortical-Cortical Loops in Manic and Depressive Phases of Bipolar Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:163-174. [PMID: 31150559 PMCID: PMC6942162 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder (BD) show opposite psychomotor symptoms. Neuronally, these may depend on altered relationships between sensorimotor network (SMN) and subcortical structures. The study aimed to investigate the functional relationships of SMN with substantia nigra (SN) and raphe nuclei (RN) via subcortical-cortical loops, and their alteration in bipolar mania and depression, as characterized by psychomotor excitation and inhibition. METHOD In this resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on healthy (n = 67) and BD patients (n = 100), (1) functional connectivity (FC) between thalamus and SMN was calculated and correlated with FC from SN or RN to basal ganglia (BG)/thalamus in healthy; (2) using an a-priori-driven approach, thalamus-SMN FC, SN-BG/thalamus FC, and RN-BG/thalamus FC were compared between healthy and BD, focusing on manic (n = 34) and inhibited depressed (n = 21) patients. RESULTS (1) In healthy, the thalamus-SMN FC showed a quadratic correlation with SN-BG/thalamus FC and a linear negative correlation with RN-BG/thalamus FC. Accordingly, the SN-related FC appears to enable the thalamus-SMN coupling, while the RN-related FC affects it favoring anti-correlation. (2) In BD, mania showed an increase in thalamus-SMN FC toward positive values (ie, thalamus-SMN abnormal coupling) paralleled by reduction of RN-BG/thalamus FC. By contrast, inhibited depression showed a decrease in thalamus-SMN FC toward around-zero values (ie, thalamus-SMN disconnection) paralleled by reduction of SN-BG/thalamus FC (and RN-BG/thalamus FC). The results were replicated in independent HC and BD datasets. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an abnormal relationship of SMN with neurotransmitters-related areas via subcortical-cortical loops in mania and inhibited depression, finally resulting in psychomotor alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Martino
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Magioncalda
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Mind Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Clinica Psichiatrica, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; tel: +390103537668, fax: +390103537669, e-mail:
| | - Benedetta Conio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Capobianco
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniel Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Adavastro
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Shankar Tumati
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Mind Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zhonglin Tan
- Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Timothy J Lane
- Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Mind Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Radiology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Mind Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Kwiatkowski MA, Hellemann G, Sugar CA, Cope ZA, Minassian A, Perry W, Geyer MA, Young JW. Dopamine transporter knockdown mice in the behavioral pattern monitor: A robust, reproducible model for mania-relevant behaviors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 178:42-50. [PMID: 29289701 PMCID: PMC10014035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to replicate results from both basic and clinical models have highlighted problems with reproducibility in science. In psychiatry, reproducibility issues are compounded because the complex behavioral syndromes make many disorders challenging to model. We develop translatable tasks that quantitatively measure psychiatry-relevant behaviors across species. The behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) was designed to analyze exploratory behaviors, which are altered in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), especially during mania episodes. We have repeatedly assessed the behavioral effects of reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) expression in the BPM using a DAT knockdown (KD) mouse line (~10% normal expression). DAT KD mice exhibit a profile in the BPM consistent with acutely manic BD patients in the human version of the task-hyperactivity, increased exploratory behavior, and reduced spatial d (Perry et al., 2009). We collected data from multiple DAT KD BPM experiments in our laboratory to assess the reproducibility of behavioral outcomes across experiments. The four outcomes analyzed were: 1) transitions (amount of locomotor activity); 2) rearings (exploratory activity); 3) holepokes (exploratory activity); and 4) spatial d (geometrical pattern of locomotor activity). By comparing DAT KD mice to wildtype (WT) littermates in every experiment, we calculated effect sizes for each of the four outcomes and then calculated a mean effect size using a random effects model. DAT KD mice exhibited robust, reproducible changes in each of the four outcomes, including increased transitions, rearings, and holepokes, and reduced spatial d, vs. WT littermates. Our results demonstrate that the DAT KD mouse line in the BPM is a consistent, reproducible model of mania-relevant behaviors. More work must be done to assess reproducibility of behavioral outcomes across experiments in order to advance the field of psychiatry and develop more effective therapeutics for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Catherine A Sugar
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Zackary A Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Arpi Minassian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - William Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Mark A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA.; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, USA
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA.; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, USA..
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10
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Ironside ML, Johnson SL, Carver CS. Identity in bipolar disorder: Self-worth and achievement. J Pers 2019; 88:45-58. [PMID: 30714166 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article considers self and self-concept in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder, defined on the basis of manic symptoms, is a highly debilitating psychopathology. It is heavily grounded in biology but symptom course is still very responsive to psychological and social forces in the lives of persons who have the disorder. This review assumes an overall view of the self that is typical of personality psychology: self as traits, self as goals and aspirations, and ongoing efforts to attain those goals. In this review, we will discuss two different facets of self and identity in bipolar disorder. First, we review a body of goal pursuit literature suggesting that persons with bipolar disorder endorse heightened ambitions for attaining goals and recognition from others. Second, we will review multiple findings which suggest that among persons with bipolar disorder, self-worth depends on measurable success in an extreme way. We will consider how the intersection of these two themes may lead to unique identity challenges for people with bipolar disorder, drawing from self-report, behavioral, and neuroscience findings to critically examine this viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon L Ironside
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Charles S Carver
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
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11
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Shin EJ, Dang DK, Hwang YG, Tran HQ, Sharma N, Jeong JH, Jang CG, Nah SY, Nabeshima T, Yoneda Y, Cadet JL, Kim HC. Significance of protein kinase C in the neuropsychotoxicity induced by methamphetamine-like psychostimulants. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:162-170. [PMID: 30654115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of methamphetamine (MA), an amphetamine (AMPH)-type stimulant, has been demonstrated to be associated with various neuropsychotoxicity, including memory impairment, psychiatric morbidity, and dopaminergic toxicity. Compelling evidence from preclinical studies has indicated that protein kinase C (PKC), a large family of serine/threonine protein kinases, plays an important role in MA-induced neuropsychotoxicity. PKC-mediated N-terminal phosphorylation of dopamine transporter has been identified as one of the prerequisites for MA-induced synaptic dopamine release. Consistently, it has been shown that PKC is involved in MA (or AMPH)-induced memory impairment and mania-like behaviors as well as MA drug dependence. Direct or indirect regulation of factors related to neuronal plasticity seemed to be critical for these actions of PKC. In addition, PKC-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress or impaired antioxidant defense system has been suggested to play a role in psychiatric and cognitive disturbance induced by MA (or AMPH). In MA-induced dopaminergic toxicity, particularly PKCδ has been shown to trigger oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, pro-apoptotic changes, and neuroinflammation. Importantly, PKCδ may be a key mediator in the positive feedback loop composed of these detrimental events to potentiate MA-induced dopaminergic toxicity. This review outlines the role of PKC and its individual isozymes in MA-induced neuropsychotoxicity. Better understanding on the molecular mechanism of PKCs might provide a great insight for the development of potential therapeutic or preventive candidates for MA (or AMPH)-associated neuropsychotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy-Khanh Dang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Quyen Tran
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yukio Yoneda
- Section of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Kanazawa University Venture Business Laboratory, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- NIDA Intramural Program, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Pappas AL, Bey AL, Wang X, Rossi M, Kim YH, Yan H, Porkka F, Duffney LJ, Phillips SM, Cao X, Ding JD, Rodriguiz RM, Yin HH, Weinberg RJ, Ji RR, Wetsel WC, Jiang YH. Deficiency of Shank2 causes mania-like behavior that responds to mood stabilizers. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92052. [PMID: 29046483 PMCID: PMC5846902 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in the synaptic scaffolding protein gene, SHANK2, are linked to a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and bipolar disorder, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the pleotropic effects of SHANK2 mutations are poorly understood. We generated and characterized a line of Shank2 mutant mice by deleting exon 24 (Δe24). Shank2Δe24-/- mice engage in significantly increased locomotor activity, display abnormal reward-seeking behavior, are anhedonic, have perturbations in circadian rhythms, and show deficits in social and cognitive behaviors. While these phenotypes recapitulate the pleotropic behaviors associated with human SHANK2-related disorders, major behavioral features in these mice are reminiscent of bipolar disorder. For instance, their hyperactivity was augmented with amphetamine but was normalized with the mood stabilizers lithium and valproate. Shank2 deficiency limited to the forebrain recapitulated the bipolar mania phenotype. The composition and functions of NMDA and AMPA receptors were altered at Shank2-deficient synapses, hinting toward the mechanism underlying these behavioral abnormalities. Human genetic findings support construct validity, and the behavioral features in Shank2 Δe24 mice support face and predictive validities of this model for bipolar mania. Further genetic studies to understand the contribution of SHANK2 deficiencies in bipolar disorder are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Pappas
- Department of Neurobiology
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fiona Porkka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jin-dong Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramona M. Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry H. Yin
- Department of Neurobiology
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
| | - Richard J. Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Neurobiology
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department of Neurobiology
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology
- Duke Institute of Brain Science, and
| | - Yong-hui Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program
- Department of Pediatrics
- Duke Institute of Brain Science, and
- Genomics and Genetics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Beyer DKE, Freund N. Animal models for bipolar disorder: from bedside to the cage. Int J Bipolar Disord 2017; 5:35. [PMID: 29027157 PMCID: PMC5638767 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-017-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent manic and depressive episodes. Patients suffering from this disorder experience dramatic mood swings with a wide variety of typical behavioral facets, affecting overall activity, energy, sexual behavior, sense of self, self-esteem, circadian rhythm, cognition, and increased risk for suicide. Effective treatment options are limited and diagnosis can be complicated. To overcome these obstacles, a better understanding of the neurobiology underlying bipolar disorder is needed. Animal models can be useful tools in understanding brain mechanisms associated with certain behavior. The following review discusses several pathological aspects of humans suffering from bipolar disorder and compares these findings with insights obtained from several animal models mimicking diverse facets of its symptomatology. Various sections of the review concentrate on specific topics that are relevant in human patients, namely circadian rhythms, neurotransmitters, focusing on the dopaminergic system, stressful environment, and the immune system. We then explain how these areas have been manipulated to create animal models for the disorder. Even though several approaches have been conducted, there is still a lack of adequate animal models for bipolar disorder. Specifically, most animal models mimic only mania or depression and only a few include the cyclical nature of the human condition. Future studies could therefore focus on modeling both episodes in the same animal model to also have the possibility to investigate the switch from mania-like behavior to depressive-like behavior and vice versa. The use of viral tools and a focus on circadian rhythms and the immune system might make the creation of such animal models possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K. E. Beyer
- Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Milienne-Petiot M, Groenink L, Minassian A, Young JW. Blockade of dopamine D 1-family receptors attenuates the mania-like hyperactive, risk-preferring, and high motivation behavioral profile of mice with low dopamine transporter levels. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:1334-1346. [PMID: 28950781 PMCID: PMC10773978 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117731162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder mania exhibit poor cognition, impulsivity, risk-taking, and goal-directed activity that negatively impact their quality of life. To date, existing treatments for bipolar disorder do not adequately remediate cognitive dysfunction. Reducing dopamine transporter expression recreates many bipolar disorder mania-relevant behaviors (i.e. hyperactivity and risk-taking). The current study investigated whether dopamine D1-family receptor blockade would attenuate the risk-taking, hypermotivation, and hyperactivity of dopamine transporter knockdown mice. METHODS Dopamine transporter knockdown and wild-type littermate mice were tested in mouse versions of the Iowa Gambling Task (risk-taking), Progressive Ratio Breakpoint Test (effortful motivation), and Behavioral Pattern Monitor (activity). Prior to testing, the mice were treated with the dopamine D1-family receptor antagonist SCH 23390 hydrochloride (0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg), or vehicle. RESULTS Dopamine transporter knockdown mice exhibited hyperactivity and hyperexploration, hypermotivation, and risk-taking preference compared with wild-type littermates. SCH 23390 hydrochloride treatment decreased premature responding in dopamine transporter knockdown mice and attenuated their hypermotivation. SCH 23390 hydrochloride flattened the safe/risk preference, while reducing activity and exploratory levels of both genotypes similarly. CONCLUSIONS Dopamine transporter knockdown mice exhibited mania-relevant behavior compared to wild-type mice. Systemic dopamine D1-family receptor antagonism attenuated these behaviors in dopamine transporter knockdown, but not all effects were specific to only the knockdown mice. The normalization of behavior via blockade of dopamine D1-family receptors supports the hypothesis that D1 and/or D5 receptors could contribute to the mania-relevant behaviors of dopamine transporter knockdown mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Milienne-Petiot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, United States of America
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucianne Groenink
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arpi Minassian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, United States of America
| | - Jared W. Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, United States of America
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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15
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Acute Frequency-Dependent Hypomania Induced by Ventral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Report. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:e39-e41. [PMID: 28017300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Bhakta SG, Young JW. The 5 choice continuous performance test (5C-CPT): A novel tool to assess cognitive control across species. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 292:53-60. [PMID: 28754432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders including Tourette's syndrome (TS) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by significant impairment in attention and cognitive control. These cognitive deficits persist throughout development, contribute significantly to socio-occupational impairment, and are relatively impervious to available treatment. A critical challenge in pro-cognitive drug discovery is translatability of findings across species, underscoring the need for developing valid and reliable cross-species cognitive tasks. NEW METHOD Here we describe a cross-species 5 choice continuous performance task that was developed to measure cognitive control processes of attention, vigilance, and response inhibition, enabling the translation of findings for pro-cognitive drug discovery across species and delineate neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control construct. RESULTS Construct validity of 5C-CPT has been verified by multiple cross-species studies. Several lines of evidence report consistent findings across species including, deficits resulting from 36-h sleep deprivation studies, engagement of parietal cortex in human brain imaging and rodent lesion studies, and vigilance decrements over time. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD Unlike the widely used rodent 5 choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) and the sustained attention task (SAT), the rodent 5C-CPT includes both target and non-target stimuli that allow measuring of cognitive control elements including response inhibition, an ability to inhibit pre-potent response during non-target trials, detect vigilance decrement and calculate signal detection parameters in rodents analogous to human CPT. CONCLUSION The cross-species 5C-CPT is a robust translational tool to characterize the neurobiological substrates underlying cognitive control deficits in clinical population including, ADHD and TS and develop targeted pro-cognitive therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita G Bhakta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Research Service MIRECC, VISN 22, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
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17
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Milienne-Petiot M, Geyer MA, Arnt J, Young JW. Brexpiprazole reduces hyperactivity, impulsivity, and risk-preference behavior in mice with dopamine transporter knockdown-a model of mania. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1017-1028. [PMID: 28160035 PMCID: PMC5391249 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bipolar disorder (BD) is a unique mood disorder defined by periods of depression and mania. The defining diagnosis of BD is the presence of mania/hypomania, with symptoms including hyperactivity and risk-taking. Since current treatments do not ameliorate cognitive deficits such as risky decision-making, and impulsivity that can negatively affect a patient's quality of life, better treatments are needed. OBJECTIVES Here, we tested whether acute treatment with brexpiprazole, a serotonin-dopamine activity modulator with partial agonist activity at D2/3 and 5-HT1A receptors, would attenuate the BD mania-relevant behaviors of the dopamine transporter (DAT) knockdown mouse model of mania. METHODS The effects of brexpiprazole on DAT knockdown and wild-type littermate mice were examined in the behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) and Iowa gambling task (IGT) to quantify activity/exploration and impulsivity/risk-taking behavior respectively. RESULTS DAT knockdown mice exhibited hyper-exploratory behavior in the BPM and made fewer safe choices in the IGT. Brexpiprazole attenuated the mania-like hyper-exploratory phenotype and increased safe choices in risk-preferring DAT knockdown mice. Brexpiprazole also reduced safe choices in safe-preferring mice irrespective of genotype. Finally, brexpiprazole reduced premature (impulsive-like) responses in both groups of mice. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with earlier reports, DAT knockdown mice exhibited hyper-exploratory, risk-preferring, and impulsive-like profiles consistent with patients with BD mania in these tasks. These behaviors were attenuated after brexpiprazole treatment. These data therefore indicate that brexpiprazole could be a novel treatment for BD mania and/or risk-taking/impulsivity disorders, since it remediates some relevant behavioral abnormalities in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Milienne-Petiot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0804, USA
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0804, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jørn Arnt
- Sunred Pharma Consulting, Solrod Strand, Denmark
- Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, DK, Denmark
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0804, USA.
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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18
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Research Domain Criteria versus DSM V: How does this debate affect attempts to model corticostriatal dysfunction in animals? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 76:301-316. [PMID: 27826070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the nosology of mental illness has been based largely upon the descriptions in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM). A recent challenge to the DSM approach to psychiatric nosology from the National Institute on Mental Health (USA) defines Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) as an alternative. For RDoC, psychiatric illnesses are not defined as discrete categories, but instead as specific behavioral dysfunctions irrespective of DSM diagnostic categories. This approach was driven by two primary weaknesses noted in the DSM: (1) the same symptoms occur in very different disease states; and (2) DSM criteria lack grounding in the underlying biological causes of mental illness. RDoC intends to ground psychiatric nosology in those underlying mechanisms. This review addresses the suitability of RDoC vs. DSM from the view of modeling mental illness in animals. A consideration of all types of psychiatric dysfunction is beyond the scope of this review, which will focus on models of conditions associated with frontostriatal dysfunction.
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19
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Cope ZA, Powell SB, Young JW. Modeling neurodevelopmental cognitive deficits in tasks with cross-species translational validity. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:27-44. [PMID: 26667374 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous psychiatric disorders whose cognitive dysfunction links to functional outcome have neurodevelopmental origins including schizophrenia, autism and bipolar disorder. Treatments are needed for these cognitive deficits, which require development using animal models. Models of neurodevelopmental disorders are as varied and diverse as the disorders themselves, recreating some but not all aspects of the disorder. This variety may in part underlie why purported procognitive treatments translated from these models have failed to restore functioning in the targeted patient populations. Further complications arise from environmental factors used in these models that can contribute to numerous disorders, perhaps only impacting specific domains, while diagnostic boundaries define individual disorders, limiting translational efficacy. The Research Domain Criteria project seeks to 'develop new ways to classify mental disorders based on behavioral dimensions and neurobiological measures' in hopes of facilitating translational research by remaining agnostic toward diagnostic borders derived from clinical presentation in humans. Models could therefore recreate biosignatures of cognitive dysfunction irrespective of disease state. This review highlights work within the field of neurodevelopmental models of psychiatric disorders tested in cross-species translational cognitive paradigms that directly inform this newly developing research strategy. By expounding on this approach, the hopes are that a fuller understanding of each model may be attainable in terms of the cognitive profile elicited by each manipulation. Hence, conclusions may begin to be drawn on the nature of cognitive neuropathology on neurodevelopmental and other disorders, increasing the chances of procognitive treatment development for individuals affected in specific cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - S B Powell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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20
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Parekh PK, McClung CA. Circadian Mechanisms Underlying Reward-Related Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity. Front Psychiatry 2016; 6:187. [PMID: 26793129 PMCID: PMC4709415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from clinical and preclinical research provides an undeniable link between disruptions in the circadian clock and the development of psychiatric diseases, including mood and substance abuse disorders. The molecular clock, which controls daily patterns of physiological and behavioral activity in living organisms, when desynchronized, may exacerbate or precipitate symptoms of psychiatric illness. One of the outstanding questions remaining in this field is that of cause and effect in the relationship between circadian rhythm disruption and psychiatric disease. Focus has recently turned to uncovering the role of circadian proteins beyond the maintenance of homeostatic systems and outside of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master pacemaker region of the brain. In this regard, several groups, including our own, have sought to understand how circadian proteins regulate mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter signaling in mesocorticolimbic brain regions, which are known to be critically involved in reward processing and mood. This regulation can come in the form of direct transcriptional control of genes central to mood and reward, including those associated with dopaminergic activity in the midbrain. It can also be seen at the circuit level through indirect connections of mesocorticolimbic regions with the SCN. Circadian misalignment paradigms as well as genetic models of circadian disruption have helped to elucidate some of the complex interactions between these systems and neural activity influencing behavior. In this review, we explore findings that link circadian protein function with synaptic adaptations underlying plasticity as it may contribute to the development of mood disorders and addiction. In light of recent advances in technology and sophisticated methods for molecular and circuit-level interrogation, we propose future directions aimed at teasing apart mechanisms through which the circadian system modulates mood and reward-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja K. Parekh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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