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Carpi M, Palagini L, Fernandes M, Calvello C, Geoffroy PA, Miniati M, Pini S, Gemignani A, Mercuri NB, Liguori C. Clinical usefulness of dual orexin receptor antagonism beyond insomnia: Neurological and psychiatric comorbidities. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109815. [PMID: 38114045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Orexin is a neurotransmitter produced by a small group of hypothalamic neurons. Besides its well-known role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, the orexin system was shown to be relevant in several physiological functions including cognition, mood and emotion modulation, and energy homeostasis. Indeed, the implication of orexin neurotransmission in neurological and psychiatric diseases has been hypothesized via a direct effect exerted by the projections of orexin neurons to several brain areas, and via an indirect effect through orexin-mediated modulation of sleep and wake. Along with the growing evidence concerning the use of dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) in the treatment of insomnia, studies assessing their efficacy in insomnia comorbid with psychiatric and neurological diseases have been set in order to investigate the potential impact of DORAs on both sleep-related symptoms and disease-specific manifestations. This narrative review aimed at summarizing the current evidence on the use of DORAs in neurological and psychiatric conditions comorbid with insomnia, also discussing the possible implication of modulating the orexin system for improving the burden of symptoms and the pathological mechanisms of these disorders. Target searches were performed on PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases and ongoing studies registered on Clinicaltrials.gov were reviewed. Despite some contradictory findings, preclinical studies seemingly support the possible beneficial role of orexin antagonism in the management of the most common neurological and psychiatric diseases with sleep-related comorbidities. However, clinical research is still limited and further studies are needed for corroborating these promising preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Carpi
- Sleep and Epilepsy Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Palagini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmen Calvello
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pierre Alexis Geoffroy
- Département de Psychiatrie et D'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, F-75018, Paris, France; GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France; Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, FHU I2-D2, F-75019, Paris, France.
| | - Mario Miniati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Unit of Psychology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Claudio Liguori
- Sleep and Epilepsy Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Dong P, Dai W, Su M, Wang S, Ma Y, Zhao T, Zheng F, Sun P. The potential role of the orexin system in premenstrual syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1266806. [PMID: 38292774 PMCID: PMC10824941 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs recurrently during the luteal phase of a woman's menstrual cycle and disappears after menstruation ends. It is characterized by abnormal changes in both the body and mood, and in certain cases, severe disruptions in daily life and even suicidal tendencies. Current drugs for treating PMS, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, do not yield satisfactory results. Orexin, a neuropeptide produced in the lateral hypothalamus, is garnering attention in the treatment of neurological disorders and is believed to modulate the symptoms of PMS. This paper reviews the advancements in research on sleep disturbances, mood changes, and cognitive impairment caused by PMS, and suggests potential pathways for orexin to address these symptoms. Furthermore, it delves into the role of orexin in the molecular mechanisms underlying PMS. Orexin regulates steroid hormones, and the cyclic fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PMS. Additionally, orexin also modulates the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system and the inflammatory response involved in coordinating the mechanism of PMS. Unraveling the role of orexin in the pathogenesis of PMS will not only aid in understanding the etiology of PMS but also hold implications for orexin as a novel target for treating PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weibo Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhong Shan, China
| | - Mengyue Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuexiang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Innovation Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Wang L, Wang R, Song M, Lu W, Li N, Gao Y, Huang F, Liu B, Chen H, An C, Wang X. Association between peripheral orexin A/B levels and depression with childhood trauma. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:592-597. [PMID: 37385389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orexin dysfunction has previously been demonstrated to be associated with depression. However, no studies reported the different effects of orexin A/B on depression with and without childhood trauma (CT). In this study,we assessed the correlation between expression of orexin A/B and depression severity in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and healthy controls. METHODS A total of 97 MDD patients and 51 healthy controls were recruited in this study. According to the total scores of childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), the MDD patients were further divided into two subgroups, MDD with CT and MDD without CT. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), and plasma orexin A and orexin B concentrations were measured in all participants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Orexin B plasma levels were significantly higher in MDD patients with CT and without CT than that in the healthy control group (P < 0.05), whereas there was no statistical difference between the two depression groups. After adjusting age and BMI for covariates, the LASSO regression revealed significant association between the plasma orexin B levels and the total scores of HAMD (β = 3.348), CTQ (β = 2.005). There was no difference in plasma orexin A levels among three groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although peripheral orexin B levels are associated with the depression, rather than orexin A, CT appear to play a role in the association between orexin B levels and depression. China Clinical Trial Registration Center (Registration No.: ChiCTR2000039692).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Mei Song
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Na Li
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Fanfan Huang
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Bufan Liu
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Cuixia An
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hebei technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
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Liu Q, Meng Q, Ding Y, Jiang J, Kang C, Yuan L, Guo W, Zhao Z, Yuan Y, Wei X, Hao W. The unfixed light pattern contributes to depressive-like behaviors in male mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139680. [PMID: 37524266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Light pollution is now associated with an increased incidence of mental disorders in humans, and the unfixed light pattern (ULP) is a common light pollution that occurs in such as rotating shift work. However, how much contribution the ULP has to depression and its potential mechanism are yet unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of the ULP on depressive-like behaviors in mice and to explore the links to the circadian-orexinergic system. Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to the ULP by subjecting them to an alternating light pattern every 6 days for 54 days. The tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were conducted to assess depressive-like behaviors. The rhythm of locomotor activity and the circadian expression of cFOS in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), clock genes in the liver, and corticosterone (CORT) in serum were detected to observe changes in the circadian system. The circadian expression of orexin-A (OX-A) in the lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and serotonin (5-HT) in the DRN were measured to determine alterations in the orexinergic system. The results showed that mice exposed to the ULP exhibited increased immobility time in the TST and FST. The ULP significantly disrupted the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity, clock genes in the liver, and CORT in the serum. Importantly, when exposed to the ULP, cFOS expression in the SCN showed decreased amplitude. Its projection area, the LHA, had a lower mesor of OX-A expression. OX-A projection to the DRN and 5-HT expression in the DRN were reduced in mesor. Our research suggests that the ULP contributes to depressive-like behaviors in mice, which might be related to the reduced amplitude of circadian oscillation in the SCN and hypoactivity of the orexinergic system. These findings may provide novel insights into rotating shift work-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Yuecheng Ding
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Chenping Kang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Lilan Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Wanqian Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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Chronic orexin-1 receptor blockage attenuates depressive behaviors and provokes PSD-95 expression in a rat model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114123. [PMID: 36154849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a devastating mood disorder affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Almost 30 % of patients still suffer from treatment resistant depression. Although many reports support the involvement of orexin in the pathophysiology of depression, the precise role of orexin is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the role of the orexin 1 receptor (Orx1R) on depressive behaviors and the alterations in postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) protein in the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 6 groups; Control, CMS, acute SB-334867 (SB), CMS+SB, chronic SB (CSB) and CMS+CSB. Rats were exposed to one or two unpredictable stressors each day for three weeks for the induction of CMS. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of SB-334867, a selective Orx1R antagonist, was performed either 30 min before behavioral tests (acute) or once daily for 14 days (chronic). Behavioral despair was assessed by immobility time in the forced swim test (FST), sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test (SPT), and the number of crosses in the open field test (OFT) on days 1, 11, and 22 of the experiment. Finally, rats were decapitated, and brain tissue of the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were collected, and the relative expression of PSD-95 was evaluated by western blotting. The CMS model rats showed a significant increase in FST immobility time (P = 0.001) and a decrease in locomotion (P = 0.04) and sucrose preference (P = 0.039). Chronic application of SB decreased immobility time to the control values (P = 0.001) and diminished locomotion (P = 0.047) and sucrose preference (P = 0.042) in comparison to the CMS group. Acute SB reversed just the immobility time (P ≤ 0.006). Chronic SB treatment increased the relative PSD-95 expression in PFC (P = 0.001). Hence, chronic antagonism of Orx1R alleviates depressive behaviors induced by CMS and improves PSD-95 expression in PFC.
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Orexin Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Depression: A Leading Article Summarising Pre-clinical and Clinical Studies. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:1-12. [PMID: 36436175 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The orexin (hypocretin) system comprises two neuropeptides (orexin-A and orexin-B) and two G-protein coupled receptors (the orexin type 1 and the orexin type 2 receptor). The system regulates several biological functions including appetite, the sleep-wake cycle, the stress response, and motivation and reward processing. Dysfunction of the orexin system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression in human and animal studies, although the exact nature of this dysfunction remains unclear. Orexin receptor antagonists (ORAs) are a class of compounds developed for the treatment of insomnia and have demonstrated efficacy in this area. Three dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) have received licences for treatment of primary insomnia and some ORAs have since been investigated as potential treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). In this leading article, we summarise the existing literature on use of ORAs in depression, in pre-clinical and clinical studies. In rodent models of depression, investigated ORAs have included the DORA almorexant and TCS1102, the selective orexin 1 receptor antagonists SB334867 and SB674042 and the selective orexin 2 receptor antagonists LSN2424100, MK-1064 and TCS-OX2-29. These pre-clinical studies suggest a possible antidepressant effect of systemic DORA treatment, however the evidence from selective ORAs is conflicting. To date, four published RCTs (one with the DORA filorexant and three with the selective orexin 2 receptor antagonist seltorexant), have compared an ORA with placebo in the treatment of MDD. Only one of these demonstrated a statistically significant difference relative to placebo.
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Saadati N, Bananej M, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR, Alibeik H. The effects of citalopram, SB-334867 and orexin-1, alone or in various combinations, on the anxiogenic-like effects of REM sleep deprivation in male mice. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:559-566. [PMID: 36165531 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation may induce anxiety. On the other hand, anxiety disorders elicit main changes in the quality of sleep. Moreover, orexin and citalopram play a role in the modulation of insomnia and mood diseases. Thus, we planned preclinical research to evaluate the effect of combinations of orexin agents and citalopram on anxiety behavior in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-deprived mice. For drug intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion, the guide cannula was surgically implanted in the left lateral ventricle of mice. REM sleep deprivation was conducted via water tank apparatus for 24 h. The anxiety behavior of mice was evaluated using the elevated plus maze (EPM). Our results revealed that REM sleep deprivation reduced the percentage of open arm time (%OAT) and the percentage of the open arm entries (%OAE) but not closed arm entries (locomotor activity) in the EPM test, presenting an anxiogenic response ( P < 0.05). We found a sub-threshold dose of SB-334867, orexin-1 receptor antagonist, and orexin-1 which did not alter anxiety reaction in the REM sleep-deprived mice ( P > 0.05). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of citalopram (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased both %OAT and %OAE ( P < 0.001) representing an anxiolytic effect, but not locomotor activity in the REM sleep-deprived mice. Interestingly, co-treatment of citalopram (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg; i.p.) and SB-334867 (0.1 µg/mouse; i.c.v.) potentiated the anxiolytic effect in the REM sleep-deprived mice. On the other hand, co-treatment of different dosages of citalopram along with a sub-threshold dose of orexin-1 did not alter %OAT, %OAE, and locomotor activity in the REM sleep-deprived mice. We found a synergistic anxiolytic effect of citalopram and SB-334867 in the REM sleep-deprived mice. These results suggested an interaction between citalopram and SB-334867 to prevent anxiogenic behavior in the REM sleep-deprived mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Saadati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch
| | - Maryam Bananej
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch
| | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hengameh Alibeik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch
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Saadati N, Bananej M, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR, Alibeik H. Synergistic antidepressant effects of citalopram and SB-334867 in the REM sleep-deprived mice: Possible role of BDNF. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 219:173449. [PMID: 35973584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was done to evaluate the effect of co-treatment of orexin agents along with citalopram on the modulation of depression-like behavior and the expression of BDNF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of sleep-deprived male mice. A sleep deprivation model was performed in which rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was completely prohibited, and non-REM sleep was intensely reduced for 24 h. For drug microinjection, the guide cannula was surgically fixed in the left lateral ventricle of mice. Furthermore, we used the open-field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and splash test for recording depression-like behavior as well as Real-Time PCR amplification for assessing the expression of BDNF in the PFC of REM sleep-deprived mice. Our results revealed that REM sleep deprivation did not change locomotor activity while increased depressive-like behavior in FST, TST, and splash tests. However, the expression of BDNF was decreased in the PFC. Intraperitoneally (i.p.) administration of citalopram induced antidepressant effect in the normal and REM sleep-deprived mice. Moreover, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) microinjection of a non-effective dose of SB-334867, an orexin antagonist, potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of citalopram. On the other hand, a non-significant dosage of orexin-1 reversed the antidepressant effect of citalopram in the normal and REM sleep-deprived animals. Furthermore, our results showed that injection of citalopram alone or with SB-334867 increased the mRNA expression level of BDNF in the PFC of REM sleep-deprived mice. These data suggest that REM sleep deprivation interferes with the neural systems underlying the depression-like process and supports a likely interaction of the orexin system with citalopram on the modulation of depression-like behavior in REM sleep-deprived mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Saadati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bananej
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hengameh Alibeik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Kawashima H, Aono Y, Watanabe Y, Waddington JL, Saigusa T. In vivo microdialysis reveals that blockade of accumbal orexin OX 2 but not OX 1 receptors enhances dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:733-745. [PMID: 34989064 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens contains orexinergic neural inputs and orexin OX1 -and OX2 -receptors. Behavioural studies suggest that accumbal orexin receptors modulate accumbal dopaminergic activity-dependent locomotion in rats. We studied the effects of intra-accumbal injection of orexin receptor ligands on accumbal extracellular dopamine levels in freely moving rats, using in vivo microdialysis, and analysed the roles of OX1 - and OX2 -receptors in the regulation of basal accumbal dopamine efflux. The orexin receptor ligands were applied intra-accumbally though a microinjection needle attached with a dialysis probe. Neither the non-selective OX1 - and OX2 -receptor agonist orexin-A nor the preferential OX2 -receptor agonist orexin-B (500.0 pg and 5.0 ng) altered accumbal dopamine levels. The non-selective OX1 - and OX2 -receptor antagonist MK-4305 (suvorexant, 500.0 pg, 2.5 and 5.0 ng) enhanced dopamine efflux. A 2-h tetrodotoxin infusion into nucleus accumbens through the probe or co-administration of orexin-A (500.0 pg) strongly inhibited MK-4305 (5.0 ng)-induced accumbal dopamine efflux. The selective OX2 -receptor antagonist EMPA (90.0 and 900.0 pg, 9.0 ng) increased dopamine efflux. Intra-accumbal infusion of tetrodotoxin abolished EMPA (9.0 ng)-induced dopamine efflux. The selective OX1 -receptor antagonist SB-334867 (10.0 and 20.0 ng) failed to alter dopamine efflux. Co-administration of orexin-B (500.0 pg) inhibited both EMPA (9.0 ng)- and MK-4305 (5.0 ng)-induced dopamine efflux. Intraperitoneal injection of MK-4305 (10.0 mg/kg) did not affect accumbal dopamine efflux. The present study provides in vivo neuropharmacological evidence that accumbal OX2 - but not OX1 -receptors exert inhibitory regulation of basal accumbal dopamine efflux and that blockade of accumbal OX2 -receptors enhances dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawashima
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Oral Molecular Pharmacology, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuri Aono
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuriko Watanabe
- Department of Oral surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tadashi Saigusa
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Oral Molecular Pharmacology, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Knez R, Stevanovic D, Fernell E, Gillberg C. Orexin/Hypocretin System Dysfunction in ESSENCE (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations). Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2683-2702. [PMID: 36411777 PMCID: PMC9675327 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s358373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCE) is an umbrella term covering a wide range of neurodevelopmental difficulties and disorders. Thus, ESSENCE includes attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and difficulties, with a variety of symptoms in cognitive, motor, sensory, social, arousal, regulatory, emotional, and behavioral developmental domains, frequently co-occurring and likely having partly common neurobiological substrates. The ESSENCE concept is a clinical paradigm that promotes organizing NDDs in everyday clinical practice according to their coexistence, symptom dimensions overlapping, and treatment possibilities. Despite increased knowledge regarding NDDs, the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie them and other ESSENCE-related problems, are not well understood. With its wide range of neural circuits and interactions with numerous neurotransmitters, the orexin/hypocretin system (Orx-S) is possibly associated with a variety of neurocognitive, psychobiological, neuroendocrine, and physiological functions and behaviors. Dysfunction of Orx-S has been implicated in various psychiatric and neurological disorders. This article provides an overview of Orx-S dysfunctions' possible involvement in the development, presentation, and maintenance of ESSENCE. We provide a focused review of current research evidence linking orexin neuropeptides with specific clinical NDDs symptoms, mostly in ADHD and ASD, within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. We propose that Orx-S dysfunction might have an important role in some of these neurodevelopmental symptom domains, such as arousal, wakefulness, sleep, motor and sensory processing, mood and emotional regulation, fear processing, reward, feeding, attention, executive functions, and sociability. Our perspective is presented from a clinical point of view. Further, more thorough systematic reviews are needed as well as planning of extensive new research into the Orx-S's role in ESSENCE, especially considering RDoC elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajna Knez
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.,School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Dejan Stevanovic
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Fernell
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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12
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Song Y, Li J, Li H, Cai M, Miao D. The role of ventral tegmental area orexinergic afferents in depressive-like behavior in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 579:22-28. [PMID: 34583191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Orexin has been implicated in comorbid diseases of depression, making it a promising target for anti-depression treatment. Although orexin neurons exhibit abnormal activity in depression, the neurocircuit mechanism of orexin remains unclear. As one of the important downstream factors of orexin neurons, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is considered crucial to the mechanism of depression. However, the role of VTA orexinergic afferents in depression remains unclear. In this study, we applied a combination of opto/chemogenetic and neuropharmacology methods to investigate whether the VTA orexinergic afferents participate in the pathogenesis of depression in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model. We found that c-Fos expression in these VTA-projecting orexin neurons specifically decreased in CUMS-treated mice. Optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of orexin terminals in the VTA significantly reversed depressive behavior. Microinjection of orexin-A, but not orexin-B, into the VTA significantly improved depressive-like behavior. Our study provided direct evidence that the VTA orexinergic afferents participate in the mechanism of depression, and the orexin-1 receptor plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Song
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danmin Miao
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Akça ÖF, Sağlam E, Kılınç I, Bilgiç A. Orexin a levels of adolescents with major depressive disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2021; 25:403-406. [PMID: 34032542 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2021.1927106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines orexin A levels in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Serum orexin A levels of adolescents with MDD (n = 40) were compared to healthy controls (n = 38) using ANCOVA test. In addition, the relationship between orexin A levels and MDD symptom severity (i.e., child depression inventory) was investigated in the MDD group using correlation and linear regression analyses. RESULTS Orexin A levels of the subjects with MDD were similar to controls while controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and anxiety levels of the subjects. In addition, correlation and regression analyses did not reveal any relationship between orexin A and MDD symptoms. DISCUSSION Adolescent MDD is not associated with orexin A according to the findings of this study. Future studies considering the effect of stress on this relationship would improve our understanding of this issue.Key PointsAdult studies exploring the relationship between orexin A and major depressive disorder reported contradictory findings.This study showed no relationship between serum orexin A levels and depressive symptom severity among adolescents with major depressive disorder.Orexin A levels of the subjects with major depressive disorder are not significantly different from healthy adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ö F Akça
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - E Sağlam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I Kılınç
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - A Bilgiç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Sauer CS, Phetsanthad A, Riusech OL, Li L. Developing mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of neuropeptides. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:607-621. [PMID: 34375152 PMCID: PMC8522511 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1967146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropeptides are signaling molecules originating in the neuroendocrine system that can act as neurotransmitters and hormones in many biochemical processes. Their exact function is difficult to characterize, however, due to dependence on concentration, post-translational modifications, and the presence of other comodulating neuropeptides. Mass spectrometry enables sensitive, accurate, and global peptidomic analyses that can profile neuropeptide expression changes to understand their roles in many biological problems, such as neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic function. AREAS COVERED We provide a brief overview of the fundamentals of neuropeptidomic research, limitations of existing methods, and recent progress in the field. This review is focused on developments in mass spectrometry and encompasses labeling strategies, post-translational modification analysis, mass spectrometry imaging, and integrated multi-omic workflows, with discussion emphasizing quantitative advancements. EXPERT OPINION Neuropeptidomics is critical for future clinical research with impacts in biomarker discovery, receptor identification, and drug design. While advancements are being made to improve sensitivity and accuracy, there is still room for improvement. Better quantitative strategies are required for clinical analyses, and these methods also need to be amenable to mass spectrometry imaging, post-translational modification analysis, and multi-omics to facilitate understanding and future treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ashley Phetsanthad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Olga L. Riusech
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53075, USA
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Wang D, Li A, Dong K, Li H, Guo Y, Zhang X, Cai M, Li H, Zhao G, Yang Q. Lateral hypothalamus orexinergic inputs to lateral habenula modulate maladaptation after social defeat stress. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100298. [PMID: 33569507 PMCID: PMC7859368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Social stress, a common stressor, causes multiple forms of physical and mental dysfunction. Prolonged exposure to social stress is associated with a higher risk of psychological disorders, including anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD). The orexinergic system is involved in the regulation of multiple motivated behaviors. The current study examined the regulatory effect of orexinergic projections from the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to the lateral habenula (LHb) in depression- and anxiety-like behaviors after chronic social defeat stress. When mice were defeated during social interaction, both orexinergic neurons in the LHA and glutamatergic neurons in the LHb were strongly activated, as indicated by the FosTRAP strategy. Infusion of orexin in the LHb significantly alleviated social avoidance and depression-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress. Administration of an orexin receptor 2 antagonist in the LHb further aggravated the depressive phenotype. Photoactivation of orexinergic cell bodies in the LHA or terminals in the LHb relieved anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress. Collectively, we identified the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of the circuit from LHA orexinergic neurons to the LHb in response to chronic social stress, providing new evidence of the antidepressant properties of LHA orexin circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keyi Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangchao Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Yamakawa G, Brady R, Sun M, McDonald S, Shultz S, Mychasiuk R. The interaction of the circadian and immune system: Desynchrony as a pathological outcome to traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2020; 9:100058. [PMID: 33364525 PMCID: PMC7752723 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2020.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex and costly worldwide phenomenon that can lead to many negative health outcomes including disrupted circadian function. There is a bidirectional relationship between the immune system and the circadian system, with mammalian coordination of physiological activities being controlled by the primary circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN receives light information from the external environment and in turn synchronizes rhythms throughout the brain and body. The SCN is capable of endogenous self-sustained oscillatory activity through an intricate clock gene negative feedback loop. Following TBI, the response of the immune system can become prolonged and pathophysiological. This detrimental response not only occurs in the brain, but also within the periphery, where a leaky blood brain barrier can permit further infiltration of immune and inflammatory factors. The prolonged and pathological immune response that follows TBI can have deleterious effects on clock gene cycling and circadian function not only in the SCN, but also in other rhythmic areas throughout the body. This could bring about a state of circadian desynchrony where different rhythmic structures are no longer working together to promote optimal physiological function. There are many parallels between the negative symptomology associated with circadian desynchrony and TBI. This review discusses the significant contributions of an immune-disrupted circadian system on the negative symptomology following TBI. The implications of TBI symptomology as a disorder of circadian desynchrony are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R.D. Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - M. Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S.J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S.R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - R. Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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