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Li W, Cao J, Liu J, Chen S, Dai M, Zhang M, Hou X, Wang J, Kang Z. Protective effect of Tetrandrine on optic nerve by inhibiting glial activation through NF-κB pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24749. [PMID: 38370256 PMCID: PMC10867623 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to explore the effect and molecular mechanism of Tetrandrine (Tet) onlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induceduveitis andoptic nerve injury in vivo and in vitro. Methods Uveitis was induced by LPS injected into the hindlimb foot pad of Wistar rats and was intervened by retroeyeball injection of Tet (100 nM, 1 μM or 10 μM).The anterior segment inflammation was observed by slit lamp. Tunelassay was used to detect the survival state of ganglion cells and nuclear layers of inner and outer. The detection of characteristic markers in different activation states of glial cells were performed by qualitative and quantitative test of immunofluorescence and western blotting. Also, western blotting was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in retina and the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway. Meanwhile, routine blood test and function of liver and renal were performed. Results The ciliary hyperemia was obvious, and the iris vessels were dilated and tortuous in rats with LPS-induced uveitis. Tet-pretreated obviously elieved these symptoms. In addition, the dilation and hyperemia in Tet group were alleviated compared with LPS group, and the inflammatory scores in Tetgroup were significantly lower than those of LPS group. TUNEL Staining showed that the number ofretinal ganglion cell (RGCs) in Tetgroup was slightly less than that in normal group, but significantly more than that in LPS group, and the cells arranged orderly. Besides, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly less than that in LPS group. Tet reduced LPS-activated gliocyte in a dose-dependent manner. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon gamma (γ-IFN) and IL-2 in retina were increased by LPS but decreased significantly viaTet-pretreatment. Moreover, LPS activate NF-κB signal pathway, while Tet efficiently inhibited this effect.Furthermore, injection of Tet did not damage theroutineblood, liver and kidney. Conclusions Retrobulbar injection of Tet significantly alleviatedLPS-induced uveitisand optic nerve injuryof rats by activating gliocyte and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shijingshan, 100040, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Yinan Branch of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Linyi, 276300, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shijingshan, 100040, Beijing, China
| | - Shuiling Chen
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shijingshan, 100040, Beijing, China
| | - Min Dai
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shijingshan, 100040, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shijingshan, 100040, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Hou
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shijingshan, 100040, Beijing, China
| | - Jianquan Wang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shijingshan, 100040, Beijing, China
| | - Zefeng Kang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shijingshan, 100040, Beijing, China
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2
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Pfaller AM, Kaplan L, Carido M, Grassmann F, Díaz-Lezama N, Ghaseminejad F, Wunderlich KA, Glänzer S, Bludau O, Pannicke T, Weber BHF, Koch SF, Bonev B, Hauck SM, Grosche A. The glucocorticoid receptor as a master regulator of the Müller cell response to diabetic conditions in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:33. [PMID: 38273366 PMCID: PMC10809506 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered a primarily microvascular complication of diabetes. Müller glia cells are at the centre of the retinal neurovascular unit and play a critical role in DR. We therefore investigated Müller cell-specific signalling pathways that are altered in DR to identify novel targets for gene therapy. Using a multi-omics approach on purified Müller cells from diabetic db/db mice, we found the mRNA and protein expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to be significantly decreased, while its target gene cluster was down-regulated. Further, oPOSSUM TF analysis and ATAC- sequencing identified the GR as a master regulator of Müller cell response to diabetic conditions. Cortisol not only increased GR phosphorylation. It also induced changes in the expression of known GR target genes in retinal explants. Finally, retinal functionality was improved by AAV-mediated overexpression of GR in Müller cells. Our study demonstrates an important role of the glial GR in DR and implies that therapeutic approaches targeting this signalling pathway should be aimed at increasing GR expression rather than the addition of more ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Pfaller
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lew Kaplan
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Madalena Carido
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Research and Systems Medicine, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nundehui Díaz-Lezama
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Farhad Ghaseminejad
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kirsten A Wunderlich
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sarah Glänzer
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Bludau
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne F Koch
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Boyan Bonev
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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3
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Hirami Y, Mandai M, Sugita S, Maeda A, Maeda T, Yamamoto M, Uyama H, Yokota S, Fujihara M, Igeta M, Daimon T, Fujita K, Ito T, Shibatani N, Morinaga C, Hayama T, Nakamura A, Ueyama K, Ono K, Ohara H, Fujiwara M, Yamasaki S, Watari K, Bando K, Kawabe K, Ikeda A, Kimura T, Kuwahara A, Takahashi M, Kurimoto Y. Safety and stable survival of stem-cell-derived retinal organoid for 2 years in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1585-1596.e6. [PMID: 38065067 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids into retinal disease animal models has yielded promising results, and several clinical trials on iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial cell transplantation have confirmed its safety. In this study, we performed allogeneic iPSC-derived retinal organoid sheet transplantation in two subjects with advanced retinitis pigmentosa (jRCTa050200027). The primary endpoint was the survival and safety of the transplanted retinal organoid sheets in the first year post-transplantation. The secondary endpoints were the safety of the transplantation procedure and visual function evaluation. The grafts survived in a stable condition for 2 years, and the retinal thickness increased at the transplant site without serious adverse events in both subjects. Changes in visual function were less progressive than those of the untreated eye during the follow-up. Allogeneic iPSC-derived retinal organoid sheet transplantation is a potential therapeutic approach, and the treatment's safety and efficacy for visual function should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Hirami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Research Center, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; RIKEN Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sunao Sugita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akiko Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Research Center, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tadao Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Research Center, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Research Center, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masataka Igeta
- Department of Biostatistics, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Daimon
- Department of Biostatistics, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Fujita
- Research Center, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Research Center, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naoki Shibatani
- Research Center, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Chikako Morinaga
- RIKEN Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayama
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Aya Nakamura
- Technology Research & Development Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ueyama
- Technology Research & Development Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ono
- Technology Research & Development Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ohara
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Office, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Tokyo 103-6012, Japan
| | - Masayo Fujiwara
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamasaki
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kenji Watari
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Bando
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Office, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Tokyo 103-6012, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawabe
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Office, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Tokyo 103-6012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Office, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Tokyo 103-6012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuwahara
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kurimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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Augustine J, Pavlou S, Harkin K, Stitt AW, Xu H, Chen M. IL-33 regulates Müller cell-mediated retinal inflammation and neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050174. [PMID: 37671525 PMCID: PMC10499035 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterised by dysfunction of the retinal neurovascular unit, leading to visual impairment and blindness. Müller cells are key components of the retinal neurovascular unit and diabetes has a detrimental impact on these glial cells, triggering progressive neurovascular pathology of DR. Amongst many factors expressed by Müller cells, interleukin-33 (IL-33) has an established immunomodulatory role, and we investigated the role of endogenous IL-33 in DR. The expression of IL-33 in Müller cells increased during diabetes. Wild-type and Il33-/- mice developed equivalent levels of hyperglycaemia and weight loss following streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Electroretinogram a- and b-wave amplitudes, neuroretina thickness, and the numbers of cone photoreceptors and ganglion cells were significantly reduced in Il33-/- diabetic mice compared with those in wild-type counterparts. The Il33-/- diabetic retina also exhibited microglial activation, sustained gliosis, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins. Primary Müller cells from Il33-/- mice expressed significantly lower levels of neurotransmitter-related genes (Glul and Slc1a3) and neurotrophin genes (Cntf, Lif, Igf1 and Ngf) under high-glucose conditions. Our results suggest that deletion of IL-33 promotes inflammation and neurodegeneration in DR, and that this cytokine is critical for regulation of glutamate metabolism, neurotransmitter recycling and neurotrophin secretion by Müller cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josy Augustine
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sofia Pavlou
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kevin Harkin
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mei Chen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Krylov A, Yu S, Veen K, Newton A, Ye A, Qin H, He J, Jusuf PR. Heterogeneity in quiescent Müller glia in the uninjured zebrafish retina drive differential responses following photoreceptor ablation. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1087136. [PMID: 37575968 PMCID: PMC10413128 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1087136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of neurons in the neural retina is a leading cause of vision loss. While humans do not possess the capacity for retinal regeneration, zebrafish can achieve this through activation of resident Müller glia. Remarkably, despite the presence of Müller glia in humans and other mammalian vertebrates, these cells lack an intrinsic ability to contribute to regeneration. Upon activation, zebrafish Müller glia can adopt a stem cell-like state, undergo proliferation and generate new neurons. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this activation subsequent retinal regeneration remains unclear. Methods/Results To address this, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and report remarkable heterogeneity in gene expression within quiescent Müller glia across distinct dorsal, central and ventral retina pools of such cells. Next, we utilized a genetically driven, chemically inducible nitroreductase approach to study Müller glia activation following selective ablation of three distinct photoreceptor subtypes: long wavelength sensitive cones, short wavelength sensitive cones, and rods. There, our data revealed that a region-specific bias in activation of Müller glia exists in the zebrafish retina, and this is independent of the distribution of the ablated cell type across retinal regions. Notably, gene ontology analysis revealed that injury-responsive dorsal and central Müller glia express genes related to dorsal/ventral pattern formation, growth factor activity, and regulation of developmental process. Through scRNA-seq analysis, we identify a shared genetic program underlying initial Müller glia activation and cell cycle entry, followed by differences that drive the fate of regenerating neurons. We observed an initial expression of AP-1 and injury-responsive transcription factors, followed by genes involved in Notch signaling, ribosome biogenesis and gliogenesis, and finally expression of cell cycle, chromatin remodeling and microtubule-associated genes. Discussion Taken together, our findings document the regional specificity of gene expression within quiescent Müller glia and demonstrate unique Müller glia activation and regeneration features following neural ablation. These findings will improve our understanding of the molecular pathways relevant to neural regeneration in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Krylov
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuguang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kellie Veen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Axel Newton
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aojun Ye
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiwen Qin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Patricia R. Jusuf
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Jahnke L, Zandi S, Elhelbawi A, Conedera FM, Enzmann V. Characterization of Macroglia Response during Tissue Repair in a Laser-Induced Model of Retinal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119172. [PMID: 37298126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive gliosis is a hallmark of chronic degenerative diseases of the retina. As gliosis involves macroglia, we investigated their gliotic response to determine the role of S100β and intermediate filaments (IFs) GFAP, vimentin, and nestin during tissue repair in a laser-induced model of retinal degeneration. We validated the results with human retinal donor samples. Experiments were performed in zebrafish and mice using an argon laser (532 nm) to induce focal lesions in the outer retina. At different time points following injury induction, the kinetics of retinal degeneration and regeneration were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E). Immunofluorescence was performed to evaluate Müller cell (GS) and astrocyte (GFAP) injury response and to distinguish between both cell types. Additionally, staining was performed in human retinal sections containing drusen. Focal laser treatment elevated the expression of gliotic markers in the area of the damage, which was associated with increased expression of S100β, GFAP, vimentin, and nestin in mice and humans. In zebrafish, we detected S100β at the first time point, but not GFAP or nestin. Double-positive cells with the selected glia markers were detected in all models. However, in zebrafish, no double-positive GFAP/GS cells were found on days 10 and 17, nor were S100β/GS double-positive cells found on day 12. Macroglia cells showed a different pattern in the expression of IFs in degenerative and regenerative models. In particular, S100β may prove to be a target for suppressing chronic gliosis in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jahnke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Souska Zandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Elhelbawi
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Wang J, Feng S, Zhang Q, Qin H, Xu C, Fu X, Yan L, Zhao Y, Yao K. Roles of Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases in the Retinal Development and Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2330-2354. [PMID: 36637745 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of epigenetic modification of histones in maintaining the normal function of the nervous system has attracted increasing attention. Among these modifications, the level of histone acetylation, modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), is essential in regulating gene expression. In recent years, the research progress on the function of HDACs in retinal development and disease has advanced remarkably, while that regarding HATs remains to be investigated. Here, we overview the roles of HATs and HDACs in regulating the development of diverse retinal cells, including retinal progenitor cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and Müller glial cells. The effects of HATs and HDACs on the progression of various retinal diseases are also discussed with the highlight of the proof-of-concept research regarding the application of available HDAC inhibitors in treating retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shuyu Feng
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chunxiu Xu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xuefei Fu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yaqin Zhao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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8
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Zhou ZX, Xu LJ, Wang HN, Cheng S, Li F, Miao Y, Lei B, Gao F, Wang Z. EphA4/ephrinA3 reverse signaling mediated downregulation of glutamate transporter GLAST in Müller cells in an experimental glaucoma model. Glia 2023; 71:720-741. [PMID: 36416239 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of glutamate transporter GLAST in Müller cells may be culpable for excessive extracellular glutamate, which involves in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in glaucoma. We elucidated how GLAST was regulated in rat chronic ocular hypertension (COH) model. Western blot and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that GLAST proteins and GLAST-mediated current densities in Müller cells were downregulated at the early stages of COH. In normal rats, intravitreal injection of the ephrinA3 activator EphA4-Fc mimicked the changes of GLAST in COH retinas. In purified cultured Müller cells, EphA4-Fc treatment reduced GLAST expression at mRNA and protein levels, which was reversed by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 or transfection with ephrinA3-siRNA (Si-EFNA3), suggesting that EphA4/ephrinA3 reverse signaling mediated GLAST downregulation. EphA4/ephrinA3 reverse signaling-induced GLAST downregulation was mediated by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathways since EphA4-Fc treatment of cultured Müller cells reduced the levels of p-Akt/Akt and NF-κB p65, which were reversed by transfecting Si-EFNA3. In Müller cells with ephrinA3 knockdown, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 still decreased the protein levels of NF-κB p65 in the presence of EphA4-Fc, and the mRNA levels of GLAST were reduced by LY294002 and the NF-κB inhibitor SN50, respectively. Pre-injection of the PI3K/Akt pathway activator 740 Y-P reversed the GLAST downregulation in COH retinas. Western blot and TUNEL staining showed that transfecting of Si-EFNA3 reduced Müller cell gliosis and RGC apoptosis in COH retinas. Our results suggest that activated EphA4/ephrinA3 reverse signaling induces GLAST downregulation in Müller cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathways, thus contributing to RGC damage in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Institutes of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Lee AJ, Moon CH, Lee YJ, Jeon HY, Park WS, Ha KS. Systemic C-peptide supplementation ameliorates retinal neurodegeneration by inhibiting VEGF-induced pathological events in diabetes. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22763. [PMID: 36625326 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201390rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is caused by retinal vascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Intraocular delivery of C-peptide has been shown to be beneficial against hyperglycemia-induced microvascular leakage in the retina of diabetes; however, the effect of C-peptide on diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration remains unknown. Moreover, extraocular C-peptide replacement therapy against DR to avoid various adverse effects caused by intravitreal injections has not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that systemic C-peptide supplementation using osmotic pumps or biopolymer-conjugated C-peptide hydrogels ameliorates neurodegeneration by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor-induced pathological events, but not hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression, in the retinas of diabetic mice. C-peptide inhibited hyperglycemia-induced activation of macroglial and microglial cells, downregulation of glutamate aspartate transporter 1 expression, neuronal apoptosis, and histopathological changes by a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species generation in the retinas of diabetic mice, but transglutaminase 2, which is involved in retinal vascular leakage, is not associated with these pathological events. Overall, our findings suggest that systemic C-peptide supplementation alleviates hyperglycemia-induced retinal neurodegeneration by inhibiting a pathological mechanism, involving reactive oxygen species, but not transglutaminase 2, in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Jun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Moon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
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10
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Silva-Parra J, Sandu C, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Hernández-Kelly LC, Ortega A. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Glia Cells: A Plausible Glutamatergic Neurotransmission Orchestrator. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:103-117. [PMID: 36607593 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory amino acid in the vertebrate brain. Glutamatergic signaling is involved in most of the central nervous system functions. Its main components, namely receptors, ion channels, and transporters, are tightly regulated at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels through a diverse array of extracellular signals, such as food, light, and neuroactive molecules. An exquisite and well-coordinated glial/neuronal bidirectional communication is required for proper excitatory amino acid signal transactions. Biochemical shuttles such as the glutamate/glutamine and the astrocyte-neuronal lactate represent the fundamental involvement of glial cells in glutamatergic transmission. In fact, the disruption of any of these coordinated biochemical intercellular cascades leads to an excitotoxic insult that underlies some aspects of most of the neurodegenerative diseases characterized thus far. In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive summary of the involvement of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a ligand-dependent transcription factor in the gene expression regulation of glial glutamate transporters. These receptors might serve as potential targets for the development of novel strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janisse Silva-Parra
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, CDMX, México
| | - Cristina Sandu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Luisa C Hernández-Kelly
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, CDMX, México
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, CDMX, México.
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11
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Pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoid/cells for retinal regeneration therapies: A review. Regen Ther 2023; 22:59-67. [PMID: 36712956 PMCID: PMC9841126 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, many researchers have attempted to restore vision via transplantation of retina/retinal cells in eyes with retinal degeneration. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and retinal organoid induction technologies has boosted research on retinal regeneration therapy. Although the recognition of functional integration of graft photoreceptor cells in the host retina from 2006 has been disputed a decade later by the newly evidenced phenomenon denoted as "material transfer," several reports support possible reconstruction of the host-graft network in the retinas of both end-stage degeneration and in progressing degeneration cases. Based on proof of concept (POC) studies in animal models, a clinical study was conducted in Kobe, Japan in 2020 and showed the feasibility of cell-based therapy using iPSC retinal organoid technology. Although the graft potency of human embryonic stem (ES)/iPS cell-derived retinal organoid/retinal cells has been suggested by previous studies, much is still unknown regarding host capability, that is, how long-standing human degenerating retinas are capable of rewiring with transplanted cells. This review summarizes past POC studies on photoreceptor replacement therapy and introduces some new challenges to maximize the possible efficacy in future human clinical studies of regenerative therapy.
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12
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Marchese NA, Ríos MN, Guido ME. Müller glial cell photosensitivity: a novel function bringing higher complexity to vertebrate retinal physiology. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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13
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Tran TL, Hamann S, Heegaard S. Aquaporins in Eye. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:203-209. [PMID: 36717496 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The major part of the eye consists of water. Continuous movement of water and ions between the ocular compartments and to the systemic circulation is pivotal for many physiological functions in the eye. The movement of water facilitates removal of the many metabolic products of corneal-, ciliary body-, lens-, and retinal metabolism, while maintaining transparency in the optical compartments. Transport across the corneal epithelium and endothelium maintains the corneal transparency. Also, aqueous humor is continuously secreted by the epithelia of the ciliary body and maintains the intraocular pressure. In the retina, water is transported into the vitreous body and across the retinal pigment epithelium to regulate the extracellular environment and the hydration of the retina. Aquaporins are a major contributor in the water transport throughout the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Linh Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Hamann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Liu B, He J, Zhong L, Huang L, Gong B, Hu J, Qian H, Yang Z. Single-cell transcriptome reveals diversity of Müller cells with different metabolic-mitochondrial signatures in normal and degenerated macula. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1079498. [PMID: 36620436 PMCID: PMC9817153 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1079498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller cell is the most abundant glial cell in mammalian retina, supporting the functions of photoreceptors and other retinal neurons via maintaining environmental homeostasis. In response to injury and/or neuronal degeneration, Müller cells undergo morphological and functional alternations, known as reactive gliosis documented in multiple retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, and traumatic retinal detachment. But the functional consequences of Müller glia cell reactivation or even the regulatory networks of the retinal gliosis are still controversial. In this study, we reveal different subpopulations of Müller cells with distinct metabolic-mitochondrial signatures by integrating single cell transcriptomic data from Early AMD patients and healthy donors. Our results show that a portion of Müller cells exhibits low mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) expressions, reduced protein synthesis, impaired homeostatic regulation, decreased proliferative ability but enhanced proangiogenic function. Interestingly, the major alternation of Müller cells in Early AMD retina is the change of subpopulation abundance, rather than generation of new subcluster. Transcription factor enrichment analysis further highlights the key regulators of metabolic-mitochondrial states of Müller glias in Early AMD patients especially. Our study demonstrates new characteristics of retinal gliosis associated with Early AMD and suggests the possibility to prevent degeneration by intervening mitochondrial functions of Müller cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali He
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulin Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Jing Hu,
| | - Hao Qian
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Hao Qian,
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China,Zhenglin Yang,
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15
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Nsiah NY, Inman DM. Destabilizing COXIV in Müller Glia Increases Retinal Glycolysis and Alters Scotopic Electroretinogram. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233756. [PMID: 36497016 PMCID: PMC9737073 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glia (MG), the principal glial cell of the retina, have a metabolism that defies categorization into glycolytic versus oxidative. We showed that MG mount a strong hypoxia response to ocular hypertension, raising the question of their relative reliance on mitochondria for function. To explore the role of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in MG energy production in vivo, we generated and characterized adult mice in which MG have impaired cytochrome c oxidase (COXIV) activity through knockout of the COXIV constituent COX10. Histochemistry and protein analysis showed that COXIV protein levels were significantly lower in knockout mouse retina compared to control. Loss of COXIV activity in MG did not induce structural abnormalities, though oxidative stress was increased. Electroretinography assessment showed that knocking out COX10 significantly impaired scotopic a- and b-wave responses. Inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in MG also altered the retinal glycolytic profile. However, blocking OXPHOS in MG did not significantly exacerbate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss or photopic negative response after ocular hypertension (OHT). These results suggest that MG were able to compensate for reduced COXIV stability by maintaining fundamental processes, but changes in retinal physiology and metabolism-associated proteins indicate subtle changes in MG function.
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16
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Sun TT, Li XM, Zhu JY, Yao W, Yang TJ, Meng XR, Yao J, Jiang Q. Regulatory effect of long-stranded non-coding RNA-CRNDE on neurodegeneration during retinal ischemia-reperfusion. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10994. [PMID: 36276743 PMCID: PMC9579004 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological mechanism involved in many ocular diseases. I/R is characterized by microvascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms of neurodegeneration induced by I/R remain largely unknown. This study showed that the expression of long non-coding RNA-CRNDE was significantly upregulated after retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR). LncRNA-CRNDE knockdown alleviated retinal neurodegeneration induced by RIR injury, as shown by decreased reactive gliosis and reduced retinal cells loss. Furthermore, lncRNA-CRNDE knockdown directly regulated Müller cell function and indirectly affected RGC function in vitro. In addition, lncRNA-CRNDE knockdown led to a significant reduction in the release of several cytokines after RIR. This study suggests that lncRNA-CRNDE is a promising therapeutic target for RIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Sun
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Miao Li
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Ya Zhu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Yao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Jing Yang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Meng
- Faculty of Art and Science, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jin Yao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Corresponding author.
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17
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Jian Q, Wu Y, Zhang F. Metabolomics in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Potential Biomarkers to Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193005. [PMID: 36230967 PMCID: PMC9563658 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults, is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) featured by metabolic disorders. With the global prevalence of diabetes, the incidence of DR is expected to increase. Prompt detection and the targeting of anti-oxidative stress intervention could effectively reduce visual impairment caused by DR. However, the diagnosis and treatment of DR is often delayed due to the absence of obvious signs of retina imaging. Research progress supports that metabolomics is a powerful tool to discover potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the causes of oxidative stress through profiling metabolites in diseases, which provides great opportunities for DR with metabolic heterogeneity. Thus, this review summarizes the latest advances in metabolomics in DR, as well as potential diagnostic biomarkers, and predicts molecular targets through the integration of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with metabolomics. Metabolomics provides potential biomarkers, molecular targets and therapeutic strategies for controlling the progress of DR, especially the interventions at early stages and precise treatments based on individual patient variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Jian
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Laboratory of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250021, China
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (F.Z.)
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18
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Ardourel M, Pâris A, Felgerolle C, Lesne F, Ranchon-Cole I, Briault S, Perche O. FMRP-related retinal phenotypes: Evidence of glutamate-glutamine metabolic cycle impairment. Exp Eye Res 2022; 224:109238. [PMID: 36067823 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
FMRP, the fragile X mental retardation protein coded by the FMR1 gene, is an RNA-binding protein that assists transport, stabilization and translational regulation of specific synaptic mRNAs. Its expression has been found in multiple cell types of central nervous system (CNS) including glial cells where its involvement in glutamate neurotransmitter homeostasis have been shown. Indeed, glutamate homeostasis deficit has been observed in absence of FMRP in-vivo in cortex and hippocampus structures as well as in vitro on astroglial cell culture. Interestingly, the retina which is an extension of the CNS is presenting electrophysiological alterations in absence of FMRP in both human and murine models suggesting neurotransmitter impairments. Therefore, we investigate the consequences of Fmrp absence on Glutamate-Glutamine cycle in whole retinas and primary retinal Müller cells culture which are the main glial cells of the retina. Using the Fmr1-/y mice, we have shown in vivo and in vitro that the absence of Fmrp in Müller cells is characterized by loss of Glutamate-Glutamine cycle homeostasis due to a lower Glutamine Synthetase protein expression and activity. The lack of Fmrp in the retina induces a reduced flow of glutamine synthesis. Our data established for the first time in literature a direct link between the lack of Fmrp and neurotransmitter homeostasis in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryvonne Ardourel
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Arnaud Pâris
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Chloé Felgerolle
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Fabien Lesne
- Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, 14 Avenue de l'hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Ranchon-Cole
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, 14 Avenue de l'hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France; UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Perche
- Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, 14 Avenue de l'hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France; UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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19
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Qin M, Xie Z, Cao T, Wang Z, Zhang X, Wang F, Wei W, Jin M, Ma J, Zeng L, Wang Y, Pei S, Zhang X. Autophagy in Rat Müller Glial Cells Is Modulated by the Sirtuin 4/AMPK/mTOR Pathway and Induces Apoptosis under Oxidative Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172645. [PMID: 36078054 PMCID: PMC9454555 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glial cells (MGCs) are a group of glial cells in the retina that provide essential support to retinal neurons; however, the understanding of MGC apoptosis and autophagy remains limited. This study was aimed at investigating the role of autophagy in MGCs under normal and oxidative conditions, and identifying the underlying mechanisms. In addition, the sirtuin 4 (SIRT4)-mediated signaling pathway was observed to regulate the autophagic process in MGCs. To assess the effect of autophagy on MGC mitochondrial function and survival, we treated rMC-1 cells—rat-derived Müller glial cells—with rapamycin and 3-methyladenine (3-MA), and found that MGC death was not induced by such treatment, while autophagic dysfunction could increase MGC apoptosis under oxidative stress, as reflected by the expression level of cleaved caspase 3 and PI staining. In addition, the downregulation of autophagy by 3-MA could influence the morphology of the mitochondrial network structure, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under oxidative stress. Moreover, SIRT4 depletion enhanced autophagosome formation, as verified by an increase in the LC3 II/I ratio and a decrease in the expression of SQSTM1/p62, and vice versa. The inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation by compound C could reverse these changes in LC3 II/I and SQSTM1/p62 caused by SIRT4 knockdown. Our research concludes that MGCs can endure autophagic dysfunction in the absence of oxidative stress, while the downregulation of autophagy can cause MGCs to become more sensitized to oxidative stress. Simultaneous exposure to oxidative stress and autophagic dysfunction in MGCs can result in a pronounced impairment of cell survival. Mechanically, SIRT4 depletion can activate the autophagic process in MGCs by regulating the AMPK–mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Qin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhiruo Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shaonan Pei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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20
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Non-vasogenic cystoid maculopathies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101092. [PMID: 35927124 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Besides cystoid macular edema due to a blood-retinal barrier breakdown, another type of macular cystoid spaces referred to as non-vasogenic cystoid maculopathies (NVCM) may be detected on optical coherence tomography but not on fluorescein angiography. Various causes may disrupt retinal cell cohesion or impair retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller cell functions in the maintenance of retinal dehydration, resulting in cystoid spaces formation. Tractional causes include vitreomacular traction, epiretinal membranes and myopic foveoschisis. Surgical treatment does not always allow cystoid space resorption. In inherited retinal dystrophies, cystoid spaces may be part of the disease as in X-linked retinoschisis or enhanced S-cone syndrome, or occur occasionally as in bestrophinopathies, retinitis pigmentosa and allied diseases, congenital microphthalmia, choroideremia, gyrate atrophy and Bietti crystalline dystrophy. In macular telangiectasia type 2, cystoid spaces and cavitations do not depend on the fluid leakage from telangiectasia. Various causes affecting RPE function may result in NVCM such as chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and paraneoplastic syndromes. Non-exudative age macular degeneration may also be complicated by intraretinal cystoid spaces in the absence of fluorescein leakage. In these diseases, cystoid spaces occur in a context of retinal cell loss. Various causes of optic atrophy, including open-angle glaucoma, result in microcystoid spaces in the inner nuclear layer due to a retrograde transsynaptic degeneration. Lastly, drug toxicity may also induce cystoid maculopathy. Identifying NVCM on multimodal imaging, including fluorescein angiography if needed, allows guiding the diagnosis of the causative disease and choosing adequate treatment when available.
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21
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Yang Y, Jiang X, Li X, Sun K, Zhu X, Zhou B. Specific ablation of Hippo signalling component Yap1 in retinal progenitors and Müller cells results in late onset retinal degeneration. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2673-2689. [PMID: 35533255 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a major component of the Hippo pathway involved in development, growth, repair and homeostasis. Nonsense YAP1 mutations in humans result in autosomal dominant coloboma. Here, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model in which Yap1 was specifically deleted in embryonic retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and in mature Müller cells using a Chx10-Cre driver. Our data demonstrated that the conditional ablation of Yap1 in embryonic RPCs does not prevent normal retinal development and caused no gross changes in retinal structure during embryonic and early postnatal life. Nevertheless, Yap1 deficient in retinal Müller cells in adult mice leads to impaired visual responses and extensive late-onset retinal degeneration, characterized by reduced cell number in all retinal layers. Immunofluorescence data further revealed the degeneration and death of rod and cone photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells to varying degrees in aged knockout mice. Moreover, alteration of glial homeostasis and reactive gliosis were also observed. Finally, cell proliferation and TUNEL assay revealed that the broad retinal degeneration is mainly caused by enhanced apoptosis in late period. Together, this work uncovers that YAP is essential for the normal vision and retinal maintenance, highlighting the crucial role of YAP in retinal function and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kuanxiang Sun
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Departemnt of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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22
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Ohashi K, Hayashi T, Utsunomiya K, Nishimura R. The Mineralocorticoid receptor signal could be a new molecular target for the treatment of diabetic retinal complication. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:479-486. [PMID: 35487592 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2072730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic vascular complications. In recent years, it has been indicated that the MR expressed in retinal Müller cells plays an important role in regulating the potassium and water balance in the retina. Therefore, it has also been speculated that abnormal MR signaling contributes to edematous diseases of the retina. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the effect of high-glucose conditions on MR protein and mRNA levels in human retinal Müller cells and changes in cell size in vitro. We also investigated MR transcriptional activity and signaling in high-glucose conditions. RESULTS The MR protein increased by 2.2-fold with high-glucose treatment. Additionally, high-glucose treatment induced Müller cell swelling. Aldosterone-induced MR transcriptional activity was enhanced in high-glucose conditions, resulting in the upregulation of αENaC, AQP4 and Kir4.1 mRNA. Treatment with an MR antagonist led to the suppression of aldosterone-induced cell swelling, MR transcriptional activity and upregulation of the target genes in high-glucose conditions. CONCLUSIONS High glucose induces Müller cell swelling through activation of MR signaling, which could be associated with aggravation of macular edema. Thus, Müller cell swelling and diabetic macular edema may represent a target for treatment with MR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennosuke Ohashi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
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23
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Cáceres-Vélez PR, Hui F, Hercus J, Bui B, Jusuf PR. Restoring the oxidative balance in age-related diseases - An approach in glaucoma. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101572. [PMID: 35065274 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As human life expectancy increases, age-related health issues including neurodegenerative diseases continue to rise. Regardless of genetic or environmental factors, many neurodegenerative conditions share common pathological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, a hallmark of many age-related health burdens. In this review, we describe oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma, an age-related neurodegenerative eye disease affecting 80 million people worldwide. We consider therapeutic approaches used to counteract oxidative stress in glaucoma, including untapped treatment options such as novel plant-derived antioxidant compounds that can reduce oxidative stress and prevent neuronal loss. We summarize the current pre-clinical models and clinical work exploring the therapeutic potential of a range of candidate plant-derived antioxidant compounds. Finally, we explore advances in drug delivery systems, particular those employing nanotechnology-based carriers which hold significant promise as a carrier for antioxidants to treat age-related disease, thus reviewing the key current state of all of the aspects required towards translation.
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24
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Wei W, Hu P, Qin M, Chen G, Wang F, Yao S, Jin M, Xie Z, Zhang X. SIRT4 Is Highly Expressed in Retinal Müller Glial Cells. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:840443. [PMID: 35185463 PMCID: PMC8854368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.840443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) is one of seven mammalian sirtuins that possesses ADP-ribosyltransferase, lipoamidase and deacylase activities and plays indispensable role in metabolic regulation. However, the role of SIRT4 in the retina is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the location and function of SIRT4 in the retina. Therefore, immunofluorescence was used to analyze the localization of SIRT4 in rat, mouse and human retinas. Western blotting was used to assess SIRT4 and glutamine synthetase (GS) protein expression at different developmental stages in C57BL/6 mice retinas. We further analyzed the retinal structure, electrophysiological function and the expression of GS protein in SIRT4-deficient mice. Excitotoxicity was caused by intravitreal injection of glutamate (50 nmol) in mice with long-term intraperitoneal injection of resveratrol (20 mg/Kg), and then retinas were subjected to Western blotting and paraffin section staining to analyze the effect of SIRT4 on excitotoxicity. We show that SIRT4 co-locates with Müller glial cell markers (GS and vimentin). The protein expression pattern of SIRT4 was similar to that of GS, and both increased with development. There were no significant retinal structure or electrophysiological function changes in 2-month SIRT4-deficient mice, while the expression of GS protein was decreased. Moreover, long-term administration of resveratrol can upregulate the expression of SIRT4 and GS while reducing the retinal injury caused by excessive glutamate. These results suggest that SIRT4 is highly expressed in retinal Müller glial cells and is relevant to the expression of GS. SIRT4 does not appear to be essential in retinal development, but resveratrol, as an activator of SIRT4, can upregulate GS protein expression and protect the retina from excitotoxicity.
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25
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Yamasaki S, Tu HY, Matsuyama T, Horiuchi M, Hashiguchi T, Sho J, Kuwahara A, Kishino A, Kimura T, Takahashi M, Mandai M. A Genetic modification that reduces ON-bipolar cells in hESC-derived retinas enhances functional integration after transplantation. iScience 2022; 25:103657. [PMID: 35024589 PMCID: PMC8733179 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived retinal sheet transplanted in vivo can form structured photoreceptor layers, contact with host bipolar cells, and transmit light signals to host retinas. However, a major concern is the presence of graft bipolar cells that may impede host-graft interaction. In this study, we used human ESC-retinas with the deletion of Islet-1 (ISL1) gene to achieve the reduced graft ON-bipolar cells after xenotransplantation into end-stage retinal degeneration model rats. Compared with wild-type graft, ISL1−/− hESC-retinas showed better host-graft contact, with indication of host-graft synapse formation and significant restoration of light responsiveness in host ganglion cells. We further analyzed to find out that improved functional integration of ISL1−/− hESC-retinas seemed attributed by a better host-graft contact and a better preservation of host inner retina. ISL1−/− hESC-retinas are promising for the efficient reconstruction of a degenerated retinal network in future clinical application. Deletion of ISL1 in hESC-retinas resulted in a reduced number of ON-bipolar cells Photoreceptors in ISL1−/− hESC-retinas achieved functional maturation in vivo ISL1−/− hESC-retinas showed better host-graft contact with putative synapses ISL1−/− hESC-retinas better restored RGC light responsiveness in degenerated retina
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yamasaki
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hung-Ya Tu
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Take Matsuyama
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Matsuri Horiuchi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hashiguchi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Junki Sho
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuwahara
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kishino
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms (DMP), RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub., Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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26
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Yao F, Zhang X, Yao X, Ren X, Xia X, Jiang J, Ding L. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Activation Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Ischemia-Reperfusion Retinas. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:788663. [PMID: 35004756 PMCID: PMC8732875 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.788663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) leads to massive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and characterizes several blind-causing ophthalmic diseases. However, the mechanism related to retinal IR is controversial, and a drug that could prevent the RGC loss caused by IR is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the role of endogenous retinal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and the therapeutic effect of its agonist, fenofibric acid (FA), in IR-related retinopathy. Materials and Methods: Fenofibric acid treatment was applied to the Sprague-Dawley rats with IR and retinal cell line 28 cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) (an in vitro model of IR). Western blotting, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression levels of PPARα, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, propidium iodide (PI) staining, retrograde tracing, and flash visual-evoked potential (FVEP) were applied to assess RGC injury and visual function. Results: Retinal IR down-regulated PPARα expression in vitro and in vivo. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation by FA promoted survival of RGCs, mitigated thinning of the ganglion cell complex, and decreased the latency of positive waves of FVEPs after IR injury. Further, FA treatment enhanced the expression of endogenous PPARα and suppressed the expression of GFAP and COX2 significantly. Conclusion: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation by FA is protective against RGC loss in retinal IR condition, which may occur by restoring PPARα expression, inhibiting activation of glial cells, and suppressing retinal inflammation. All these findings indicate the translational potential of FA in treating IR-related retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yao
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xueyan Yao
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Department of Human Resource, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Department of Human Resource, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lexi Ding
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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27
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Insights on the Regeneration Potential of Müller Glia in the Mammalian Retina. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081957. [PMID: 34440726 PMCID: PMC8394255 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glia, the major glial cell types in the retina, maintain retinal homeostasis and provide structural support to retinal photoreceptors. They also possess regenerative potential that might be used for retinal repair in response to injury or disease. In teleost fish (such as zebrafish), the Müller glia response to injury involves reprogramming events that result in a population of proliferative neural progenitors that can regenerate the injured retina. Recent studies have revealed several important mechanisms for the regenerative capacity of Müller glia in fish, which may shed more light on the mechanisms of Müller glia reprogramming and regeneration in mammals. Mammalian Müller glia can adopt stem cell characteristics, and in response to special conditions, be persuaded to proliferate and regenerate, although their native regeneration potential is limited. In this review, we consider the work to date revealing the regenerative potential of the mammalian Müller glia and discuss whether they are a potential source for cell regeneration therapy in humans.
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28
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Tams ALM, Sanz-Morello B, Westi EW, Mouhammad ZA, Andersen JV, Freude KK, Vohra R, Hannibal J, Aldana BI, Kolko M. Decreased Glucose Metabolism and Glutamine Synthesis in the Retina of a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:291-303. [PMID: 34259962 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Visual changes are some of the earliest symptoms that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience. Pathophysiological processes such as amyloid-β plaque formation, vascular changes, neuroinflammation, and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have been detected in the retina of AD patients and animal models. However, little is known about the molecular processes that underlie retinal neurodegeneration in AD. The cellular architecture and constant sensory activity of the retina impose high metabolic demands. We thus hypothesized that energy metabolism might be compromised in the AD retina similarly to what has been observed in the AD brain. To address this question, we explored cellular alterations and retinal metabolic activity in the 5 × FAD mouse model of AD. We used 8-month-old female 5 × FAD mice, in which the AD-related pathology has been shown to be apparent. We observed that RGC density is selectively affected in the retina of 5 × FAD mice. To map retinal metabolic activity, we incubated isolated retinal tissue with [U-13C] glucose and analyzed tissue extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that the retinas of 5 × FAD mice exhibit glucose hypometabolism. Moreover, we detected decreased glutamine synthesis in 5 × FAD retinas but no changes in the expression of markers of Müller glia, the main glial cell type responsible for glutamate uptake and glutamine synthesis in the retina. These findings suggest that AD presents with metabolic alterations not only in the brain but also in the retina that may be detrimental to RGC activity and survival, potentially leading to the visual impairments that AD patients suffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luna Mølgaard Tams
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berta Sanz-Morello
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Winther Westi
- Neurometabolism Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zaynab Ahmad Mouhammad
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Velde Andersen
- Neurometabolism Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Karla Freude
- Group of Stem Cells and Modeling of Neurodegeneration, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Group of Stem Cells and Modeling of Neurodegeneration, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Hannibal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca Irene Aldana
- Neurometabolism Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.
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29
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Chronic Glaucoma Using Biodegradable Microspheres to Induce Intraocular Pressure Elevation. Six-Month Follow-Up. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060682. [PMID: 34208744 PMCID: PMC8235213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To compare two prolonged animal models of glaucoma over 24 weeks of follow-up. A novel pre-trabecular model of chronic glaucoma was achieved by injection of biodegradable poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres (10–20 µm) (Ms20/10) into the ocular anterior chamber to progressively increase ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: Rat right eyes were injected to induce OHT: 50% received a suspension of Ms20/10 in the anterior chamber at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks, and the other 50% received a sclerosing episcleral vein injection biweekly (EPIm). Ophthalmological clinical signs, intraocular pressure (IOP), neuroretinal functionality measured by electroretinography (ERG), and structural analysis of the retina, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) protocols using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histological exams were performed. Results: Both models showed progressive neuroretinal degeneration (p < 0.05), and contralateral eye affectation. The Ms20/10 model showed a more progressive increase in IOP and better preservation of ocular surface. Although no statistical differences were found between models, the EPIm showed a tendency to produce thicker retinal and thinner GCL thicknesses, slower latency and smaller amplitude as measured using ERG, and more aggressive disturbances in retinal histology. In both models, while the GCL showed the greatest percentage loss of thickness, the RNFL showed the greatest and earliest rate of thickness loss. Conclusions: The intracameral model with biodegradable microspheres resulted more like the conditions observed in humans. It was obtained by a less-aggressive mechanism, which allows for adequate study of the pathology over longer periods.
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30
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Kalloniatis M, Loh CS, Acosta ML, Tomisich G, Zhu Y, Nivison‐smith L, Fletcher EL, Chua J, Sun D, Arunthavasothy N. Retinal amino acid neurochemistry in health and disease. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 96:310-32. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kalloniatis
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - Chee Seang Loh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - Monica L Acosta
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - Guido Tomisich
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Yuan Zhu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Lisa Nivison‐smith
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - Daniel Sun
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - Niru Arunthavasothy
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
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Iglesias-Osma MC, Blanco EJ, Carretero-Hernández M, Catalano-Iniesta L, García-Barrado MJ, Sánchez-Robledo V, Blázquez JL, Carretero J. The lack of Irs2 induces changes in the immunocytochemical expression of aromatase in the mouse retina. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151726. [PMID: 33798691 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate (Irs) belongs to a family of proteins that mediate the intracellular signaling of insulin and IGF-1. Insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs2) is necessary for retinal function, since its failure in Irs2-deficient mice in hyperglycemic situation promotes photoreceptor degeneration and visual dysfunction, like in diabetic retinopathy. The expression of P450 aromatase, which catalyzes androgen aromatization to form 17ß-estradiol, increases in some neurodegenerative diseases thus promoting the local synthesis of neuroestrogens that exert relevant neuroprotective functions. Aromatase is also expressed in neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), including the retina. To further understand the role of Irs2 at the retinal level, we performed an immunocytochemical study in adult normoglycemic Irs2-deficient mice. For this aim, the retinal immunoexpression of neuromodulators, such as aromatase, glutamine synthetase (GS), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was analyzed, joint to a morphometric and planimetric study of the retinal layers. Comparing with wild-type (WT) control mice, the Irs2-knockout (Irs2-KO) animals showed a significant increase in the immunopositivity to aromatase in almost all of the retinal layers. Besides, Irs2-KO mice exhibited a decreased immunopositive reaction for GS and TH, in Müller and amacrine cells, respectively; morphological variations were also found in these retinal cell types. Furthermore, the retina of Irs2-KO mice displayed alterations in the structural organization, and a generalized decrease in the retinal thickness was observed in each of the layers, except for the inner nuclear layer. Our findings suggest that the absence of Irs2 induces retinal neurodegenerative changes in Müller and amacrine cells that are unrelated to hyperglycemia. Accordingly, in the Irs2-KO mice, the increased retinal immunocytochemical reactivity of aromatase could be associated with an attempt to repair such neural retina injuries by promoting local neuroprotective mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Iglesias-Osma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Enrique J Blanco
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero-Hernández
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leonardo Catalano-Iniesta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Jose García-Barrado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Virginia Sánchez-Robledo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Blázquez
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose Carretero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain.
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Jaroszynska N, Harding P, Moosajee M. Metabolism in the Zebrafish Retina. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:10. [PMID: 33804189 PMCID: PMC8006245 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal photoreceptors are amongst the most metabolically active cells in the body, consuming more glucose as a metabolic substrate than even the brain. This ensures that there is sufficient energy to establish and maintain photoreceptor functions during and after their differentiation. Such high dependence on glucose metabolism is conserved across vertebrates, including zebrafish from early larval through to adult retinal stages. As the zebrafish retina develops rapidly, reaching an adult-like structure by 72 hours post fertilisation, zebrafish larvae can be used to study metabolism not only during retinogenesis, but also in functionally mature retinae. The interplay between rod and cone photoreceptors and the neighbouring retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells establishes a metabolic ecosystem that provides essential control of their individual functions, overall maintaining healthy vision. The RPE facilitates efficient supply of glucose from the choroidal vasculature to the photoreceptors, which produce metabolic products that in turn fuel RPE metabolism. Many inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) result in photoreceptor degeneration, either directly arising from photoreceptor-specific mutations or secondary to RPE loss, leading to sight loss. Evidence from a number of vertebrate studies suggests that the imbalance of the metabolic ecosystem in the outer retina contributes to metabolic failure and disease pathogenesis. The use of larval zebrafish mutants with disease-specific mutations that mirror those seen in human patients allows us to uncover mechanisms of such dysregulation and disease pathology with progression from embryonic to adult stages, as well as providing a means of testing novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippa Harding
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
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EARLY SPECTRAL-DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY BIOMARKERS TO CONFIRM FELLOW EYE CHANGES IN ASYMMETRIC TYPE-2 MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA. Retina 2021; 41:471-479. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ambrosio L, Williams JS, Gutierrez A, Swanson EA, Munro RJ, Ferguson RD, Fulton AB, Akula JD. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition in X-linked retinoschisis: An eye on the photoreceptors. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108344. [PMID: 33186570 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The retinoschisin protein is encoded on the short arm of the X-chromosome by RS1, is expressed abundantly in photoreceptor inner segments and in bipolar cells, and is secreted as an octamer that maintains the structural integrity of the retina. Mutations in RS1 lead to X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS), a disease characterized by the formation of cystic spaces between boys' retinal layers that frequently present in ophthalmoscopy as a "spoke-wheel" pattern on their maculae and by progressively worsening visual acuity (VA). There is no proven therapy for XLRS, but there is mixed evidence that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) produce multiple beneficial effects, including improved VA and decreased volume of cystic spaces. Consequently, linear mixed-effects (LME) models were used to evaluate the effects of CAI therapy on VA and central retinal thickness (CRT, a proxy for cystic cavity volume) in a review of 19 patients' records. The mechanism of action of action of CAIs is unclear but, given that misplaced retinoschisin might accumulate in the photoreceptors, it is possible-perhaps even likely-that CAIs act to benefit the function of photoreceptors and the neighboring retinal pigment epithelium by acidification of the extracellular milieu; patients on CAIs have among the most robust photoreceptor responses. Therefore, a small subset of five subjects were recruited for imaging on a custom multimodal adaptive optics retinal imager for inspection of their parafoveal cone photoreceptors. Those cones that were visible, which numbered far fewer than in controls, were enlarged, consistent with the retinoschisin accumulation hypothesis. Results of the LME modeling found that there is an initial benefit to both VA and CRT in CAI therapy, but these wane, in both cases, after roughly two years. That said, even a short beneficial effect of CAIs on the volume of the cystic spaces may give CAI therapy an important role as pretreatment before (or immediately following) administration of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ambrosio
- Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Williams
- Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Biology, Northeastern University, USA
| | - Alfredo Gutierrez
- Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Community Health, Tufts University, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne B Fulton
- Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - James D Akula
- Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, USA; Psychology, Northeastern University, USA.
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Santhanam A, Shihabeddin E, Atkinson JA, Nguyen D, Lin YP, O’Brien J. A Zebrafish Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa Shows Continuous Degeneration and Regeneration of Rod Photoreceptors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102242. [PMID: 33036185 PMCID: PMC7599532 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 1.5 million people suffer from Retinitis Pigmentosa, with many experiencing partial to complete vision loss. Regenerative therapies offer some hope, but their development is challenged by the limited regenerative capacity of mammalian model systems. As a step toward investigating regenerative therapies, we developed a zebrafish model of Retinitis Pigmentosa that displays ongoing regeneration. We used Tol2 transgenesis to express mouse rhodopsin carrying the P23H mutation and an epitope tag in zebrafish rod photoreceptors. Adult and juvenile fish were examined by immunofluorescence, TUNEL and BrdU incorporation assays. P23H transgenic fish expressed the transgene in rods from 3 days post fertilization onward. Rods expressing the mutant rhodopsin formed very small or no outer segments and the mutant protein was delocalized over the entire cell. Adult fish displayed thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and loss of rod outer segments, but retained a single, sparse row of rods. Adult fish displayed ongoing apoptotic cell death in the ONL and an abundance of proliferating cells, predominantly in the ONL. There was a modest remodeling of bipolar and Müller glial cells. This transgenic fish will provide a useful model system to study rod photoreceptor regeneration and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Santhanam
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.O.); Tel.: +1-713-500-5995 (A.S.); +1-713-500-5983 (J.O.)
| | - Eyad Shihabeddin
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
- The MD Anderson Cancer Center/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua A. Atkinson
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - Ya-Ping Lin
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - John O’Brien
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
- The MD Anderson Cancer Center/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.O.); Tel.: +1-713-500-5995 (A.S.); +1-713-500-5983 (J.O.)
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36
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Oxidative stress in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE): Role of aging, and DJ-1. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101623. [PMID: 32826201 PMCID: PMC7767746 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of oxidative radicals generated by daily light exposure and high metabolic rate suggest that the antioxidant machinery of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is crucial for their survival. DJ-1 is a redox-sensitive protein that has been shown to have neuroprotective function in the brain in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we analyzed the role of DJ-1 in the retina during oxidative stress and aging. We induced low-level oxidative stress in young (3-month-old) and old (15-month-old) C57BL/6J (WT) and DJ-1 knockout (KO) mice and evaluated effects in the RPE and retina. Absence of DJ-1 resulted in increased retinal dysfunction in response to low levels of oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that loss of DJ-1 affects the RPE antioxidant machinery, rendering it unable to combat and neutralize low-level oxidative stress, irrespective of age. Moreover, they draw a parallel to the retinal degeneration observed in AMD, where the occurrence of genetic variants may leave the retina and RPE unable to fight sustained, low-levels of oxidative stress. Antioxidants are upregulated in young DJ-1 KO RPE but downregulated in the retina. DJ-1 KO retinas are degenerated under low-level oxidative stress, regardless of age. Retinas of both young C57BL and DJ-1 KO were able to regulate antioxidant genes upon low-level oxidative stress. Retinas of both aged C57BL and DJ-1 KO were unable to regulate antioxidant genes upon low-level oxidative stress. RPE of aged C57BLl mice upregulated some antioxidant genes.
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37
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El-Mansi AA, Al-Kahtani MA, Al-Sayyad KM, Ahmed EA, Gad AR. Visual adaptability and retinal characterization of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus, Pteropodidae): New insights into photoreceptors spatial distribution and melanosomal activity. Micron 2020; 137:102897. [PMID: 32563026 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our study was conducted to characterize the retinal structure of the Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus to determine the distribution of photoreceptors and melanosomal populations in various retinal zones. Also, we paid attention to the specific structural and functional adaptations related to their nocturnal habits. We analyzed the retinae of 12 adult male Egyptian fruit bats using morphometrical, histological, ultrastructural, and immunoblotting standard techniques. Histological findings revealed that the retinal cells have variations in geometrical architecture and different retinal thickness together with their corresponding layers bearing specific choroidal papillae projecting towards the inner retina. Immunoblotting and ultrastructure results showed that the microstructure of the retina conforms to that pattern found in mammalian species. The retinal photoreceptors are rod-dominant; alternatively, possess two spectral types of cones: SWS and LW/MWS cones as evidence for the basis for dichromatic vision. In addition, the outer retina showed densely-distributed melanin granules with a significant increase in the number of pigment epithelium cells in the eccentric retina. Furthermore, the asymmetric distribution among the retinal quadrants for the visual pigments of both rods and cones coinciding with neuronal cells such as bipolar and ganglion cells confers instructive information about their visual perception and orientation. In conclusion, our findings indicate that R. aegyptiacus efficiently discriminates colors with complex visual adaptations to mediate increased visual acuity coopted for the nocturnal niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - M A Al-Kahtani
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - K M Al-Sayyad
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - E A Ahmed
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - A R Gad
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Conedera FM, Quintela Pousa AM, Presby DM, Mercader N, Enzmann V, Tschopp M. Diverse Signaling by TGFβ Isoforms in Response to Focal Injury is Associated with Either Retinal Regeneration or Reactive Gliosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:43-62. [PMID: 32219603 PMCID: PMC7811507 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Müller cells may have stem cell-like capability as they regenerate photoreceptor loss upon injury in some vertebrates, but not in mammals. Indeed, mammalian Müller cells undergo major cellular and molecular changes summarized as reactive gliosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) isoforms are multifunctional cytokines that play a central role, both in wound healing and in tissue repair. Here, we studied the role of TGFβ isoforms and their signaling pathways in response to injury induction during tissue regeneration in zebrafish and scar formation in mouse. Our transcriptome analysis showed a different activation of canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways and how they shaped the injury response. In particular, TGFβ3 promotes retinal regeneration via Smad-dependent canonical pathway upon regulation of junb gene family and mycb in zebrafish Müller cells. However, in mice, TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 evoke the p38MAPK signaling pathway. The activation of this non-canonical pathway leads to retinal gliosis. Thus, the regenerative versus reparative effect of the TGFβ pathway observed may rely on the activation of different signaling cascades. This provides one explanation of the different injury response in zebrafish and mouse retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maria Conedera
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana Maria Quintela Pousa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Mikal Presby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Tschopp
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
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Neuroprotective Strategies for Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration: Current Status and Challenges Ahead. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072262. [PMID: 32218163 PMCID: PMC7177277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output cells of the retina into the brain. In mammals, these cells are not able to regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, leaving the patients with optic neuropathies with permanent visual loss. An effective RGCs-directed therapy could provide a beneficial effect to prevent the progression of the disease. Axonal injury leads to the functional loss of RGCs and subsequently induces neuronal death, and axonal regeneration would be essential to restore the neuronal connectivity, and to reestablish the function of the visual system. The manipulation of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors has been proposed in order to stimulate axonal regeneration and functional repairing of axonal connections in the visual pathway. However, there is a missing point in the process since, until now, there is no therapeutic strategy directed to promote axonal regeneration of RGCs as a therapeutic approach for optic neuropathies.
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40
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Singh C, Tran V, McCollum L, Bolok Y, Allan K, Yuan A, Hoppe G, Brunengraber H, Sears JE. Hyperoxia induces glutamine-fuelled anaplerosis in retinal Müller cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1277. [PMID: 32152301 PMCID: PMC7062830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although supplemental oxygen is required to promote survival of severely premature infants, hyperoxia is simultaneously harmful to premature developing tissues such as in the retina. Here we report the effect of hyperoxia on central carbon metabolism in primary mouse Müller glial cells and a human Müller glia cell line (M10-M1 cells). We found decreased flux from glycolysis entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Müller cells accompanied by increased glutamine consumption in response to hyperoxia. In hyperoxia, anaplerotic catabolism of glutamine by Müller cells increased ammonium release two-fold. Hyperoxia induces glutamine-fueled anaplerosis that reverses basal Müller cell metabolism from production to consumption of glutamine. Prematurely born babies need extra oxygen to survive, but this can cause damage to the eyes and lead to infant blindness. Here the authors show that this hyperoxia changes the metabolism of Müller cells in the retina such that they use up, rather than produce, glutamine and secrete excess ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charandeep Singh
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Vincent Tran
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Leah McCollum
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Youstina Bolok
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Kristin Allan
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Alex Yuan
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - George Hoppe
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Henri Brunengraber
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan E Sears
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Preparation of Nanocrystals for Insoluble Drugs by Top-Down Nanotechnology with Improved Solubility and Bioavailability. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051080. [PMID: 32121076 PMCID: PMC7179175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Midazolam is a rapidly effective benzodiazepine drug that is widely used as a sedative worldwide. Due to its poor solubility in a neutral aqueous solution, the clinical use of midazolam is significantly limited. As one of the most promising formulations for poorly water-soluble drugs, nanocrystals have drawn worldwide attention. We prepared a stable nanosuspension system that causes little muscle irritation. The particle size of the midazolam nanocrystals (MDZ/NCs) was 286.6 ± 2.19 nm, and the crystalline state of midazolam did not change in the size reduction process. The dissolution velocity of midazolam was accelerated by the nanocrystals. The pharmacokinetics study showed that the AUC0–t of the MDZ/NCs was 2.72-fold (p < 0.05) higher than that of the midazolam solution (MDZ/S), demonstrating that the bioavailability of the MDZ/NC injection was greater than that of MDZ/S. When midazolam was given immediately after the onset of convulsions, the ED50 for MDZ/NCs was significantly more potent than that for MDZ/S and DZP/S. The MDZ/NCs significantly reduced the malondialdehyde content in the hippocampus of the seizures model rats and significantly increased the glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. These results suggest that nanocrystals significantly influenced the dissolution behavior, pharmacokinetic properties, anticonvulsant effects, and neuroprotective effects of midazolam and ultimately enhanced their efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
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42
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Obana A, Gohto Y, Sasano H, Gellermann W, Sharifzadeh M, Seto T, Bernstein PS. Spatial distribution of macular pigment estimated by autofluorescence imaging in elderly Japanese individuals. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2020; 64:160-170. [PMID: 31989400 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-020-00716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the spatial distribution types of macular pigment (MP) in elderly Japanese individuals and to consider their origin. STUDY DESIGN Observational case series. METHODS Local MP optical density (MPOD) at some eccentricities and MP volume were measured using the MPOD module of a MultiColor Spectralis in 96 pseudophakic eyes of 96 participants (age range, 52-86 years; mean age, 72.8 ± 8.3 years). The MP distribution types were determined from the MP spatial profiles. The retinal thickness (RT) at the foveal center, at both 0.5° and 0.9° eccentricities, and the foveal width were measured using optical coherence tomography. RESULTS The mean local MPOD at the foveal center was 0.79. Spatial distribution was classified into four types: central peak (24.0%), ring-like (40.6%), intermediate (22.9%), and central dip (12.5%). The ring-like type was the most frequent in these Japanese participants. The central-peak type showed lower MPOD than did the other types in the area outside 0.9°. The ring-like type occurred frequently in eyes with small RT at 0.5° and wider foveal width. A rough contour of the Müller cell cone was found more frequently in the central-dip type than in the other types. CONCLUSIONS The present characteristics of the different distribution patterns could be explained by the hypothesis that MP presents mainly in the Müller cell cone within 0.5° and in Müller cells in the outer and inner plexiform layers in the area outside 0.5°. The anatomic characteristics of Müller cells at the fovea and parafovea likely affect the MP distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan. .,Hamamatsu BioPhotonics Innovation Chair, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Yuko Gohto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan
| | | | | | - Takahiko Seto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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Abstract
Retinal degeneration is a leading cause of untreatable blindness in the industrialised world. It is typically irreversible and there are few curative treatments available. The use of stem cells to generate new retinal neurons for transplantation purposes has received significant interest in recent years and is beginning to move towards clinical trials. However, such approaches are likely to be most effective for relatively focal areas of repair. An intriguing complementary approach is endogenous self-repair. Retinal cells from the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller glial cells (MG) have all been shown to play a role in retinal repair, typically in lower vertebrates. Among them, MG have received renewed interest, due to their distribution throughout (centre to periphery) the neural retina and their potential to re-acquire a progenitor-like state following retinal injury with the ability to proliferate and generate new neurons. Triggering these innate self-repair mechanisms represents an exciting therapeutic option in treating retinal degeneration. However, these cells behave differently in mammalian and non-mammalian species, with a considerably restricted potential in mammals. In this short review, we look at some of the recent progress made in our understanding of the signalling pathways that underlie MG-mediated regeneration in lower vertebrates, and some of the challenges that have been revealed in our attempts to reactivate this process in the mammalian retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Langhe
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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44
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Vohra R, Aldana BI, Waagepetersen H, Bergersen LH, Kolko M. Dual Properties of Lactate in Müller Cells: The Effect of GPR81 Activation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:999-1008. [PMID: 30884529 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Besides being actively metabolized, lactate may also function as a signaling molecule by activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81). Thus, we aimed to characterize the metabolic effects of GPR81 activation in Müller cells. Method Primary Müller cells from mice were treated with and without 10 mM L-lactate in the presence or absence of 6 mM glucose. The effects of lactate receptor GPR81 activation were evaluated by the addition of 5 mM 3,5-DHBA (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid), a GPR81 agonist. Western blot analyses were used to determine protein expression of GPR81. Cell survival was assessed through 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assays. Lactate release was quantified by commercially available lactate kits. 13C-labeling studies via mass spectroscopy and Seahorse analyses were performed to evaluate metabolism of lactate and glucose, and mitochondrial function. Finally, Müller cell function was evaluated by measuring glutamate uptake. Results The lactate receptor, GPR81, was upregulated during glucose deprivation. Treatment with a GPR81 agonist did not affect Müller cell survival. However, GPR81 activation diminished lactate release allowing lactate to be metabolized intracellularly. Furthermore, GPR81 activation increased metabolism of glucose and mitochondrial function. Finally, maximal glutamate uptake decreased in response to GPR81 activation during glucose deprivation. Conclusions The present study revealed dual properties of lactate via functioning as an active metabolic energy substrate and a regulatory molecule by activation of the GPR81 receptor in primary Müller cells. Thus, combinational therapy of lactate and GPR81 agonists may be of future interest in maintaining Müller cell survival, ultimately leading to increased resistance toward retinal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Vohra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
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45
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Retinal and optic nerve degeneration in liver X receptor β knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16507-16512. [PMID: 31371497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904719116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina is an extension of the brain. Like the brain, neurodegeneration of the retina occurs with age and is the cause of several retinal diseases including optic neuritis, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are expressed in the brain where they play a key role in maintenance of cerebrospinal fluid and the health of dopaminergic neurons. Herein, we report that LXRs are expressed in the retina and optic nerve and that loss of LXRβ, but not LXRα, leads to loss of ganglion cells in the retina. In the retina of LXRβ-/- mice, there is an increase in amyloid A4 and deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates but no change in the level of apoptosis or autophagy in the ganglion cells and no activation of microglia or astrocytes. However, in the optic nerve there is a loss of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in astrocytes and an increase in activation of microglia. Since loss of AQP4 and microglial activation in the optic nerve precedes the loss of ganglion cells, and accumulation of Aβ in the retina, the cause of the neuronal loss appears to be optic nerve degeneration. In patients with optic neuritis there are frequently AQP4 autoantibodies which block the function of AQP4. LXRβ-/- mouse is another model of optic neuritis in which AQP4 antibodies are not detectable, but AQP4 function is lost because of reduction in its expression.
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46
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Volonté YA, Vallese-Maurizi H, Dibo MJ, Ayala-Peña VB, Garelli A, Zanetti SR, Turpaud A, Craft CM, Rotstein NP, Politi LE, German OL. A Defective Crosstalk Between Neurons and Müller Glial Cells in the rd1 Retina Impairs the Regenerative Potential of Glial Stem Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:334. [PMID: 31402853 PMCID: PMC6670004 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Müller glial cells (MGC) are stem cells in the retina. Although their regenerative capacity is very low in mammals, the use of MGC as stem cells to regenerate photoreceptors (PHRs) during retina degenerations, such as in retinitis pigmentosa, is being intensely studied. Changes affecting PHRs in diseased retinas have been thoroughly investigated; however, whether MGC are also affected is still unclear. We here investigated whether MGC in retinal degeneration 1 (rd1) mouse, an animal model of retinitis pigmentosa, have impaired stem cell properties or structure. rd1 MGC showed an altered morphology, both in culture and in the whole retina. Using mixed neuron-glial cultures obtained from newborn mice retinas, we determined that proliferation was significantly lower in rd1 than in wild type (wt) MGC. Levels of stem cell markers, such as Nestin and Sox2, were also markedly reduced in rd1 MGC compared to wt MGC in neuron-glial cultures and in retina cryosections, even before the onset of PHR degeneration. We then investigated whether neuron-glial crosstalk was involved in these changes. Noteworthy, Nestin expression was restored in rd1 MGC in co-culture with wt neurons. Conversely, Nestin expression decreased in wt MGC in co-culture with rd1 neurons, as occurred in rd1 MGC in rd1 neuron-glial mixed cultures. These results imply that MGC proliferation and stem cell markers are reduced in rd1 retinas and might be restored by their interaction with “healthy” PHRs, suggesting that alterations in rd1 PHRs lead to a disruption in neuron-glial crosstalk affecting the regenerative potential of MGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanel A Volonté
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Harmonie Vallese-Maurizi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcos J Dibo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Victoria B Ayala-Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Andrés Garelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Samanta R Zanetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Axel Turpaud
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cheryl Mae Craft
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nora P Rotstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Luis E Politi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Olga L German
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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47
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Fernández-Albarral JA, Salobrar-García E, Martínez-Páramo R, Ramírez AI, de Hoz R, Ramírez JM, Salazar JJ. Retinal glial changes in Alzheimer's disease - A review. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2019; 12:198-207. [PMID: 30377086 PMCID: PMC6612028 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative dementia characterized by the deposition of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. Until now, the techniques used to analyze these deposits have been difficult to access, invasive, and expensive. This leads us to consider new access routes to the central nervous system (CNS), allowing us to diagnose the disease before the first symptoms appear. Recent studies have shown that microglial and macroglial cell activation could play a role in the development of this disease. Glial cells in the CNS can respond to various damages, such as neurodegenerative pathologies, with morphological and functional changes. These changes are a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. The retina is considered an extension of the CNS and has a population of glial cells similar to that of the CNS. When glial cells are activated, various molecules are released and changes in glial cell expression occur, which can be indicators of neuronal damage. The objective of this review is to compile the most relevant findings in the last 10 years relating to alterations in the eye in AD, and the role that glial cells play in the degenerative process in the retina in the context of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Fernández-Albarral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Páramo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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48
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Aquaporin 4 Suppresses Neural Hyperactivity and Synaptic Fatigue and Fine-Tunes Neurotransmission to Regulate Visual Function in the Mouse Retina. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8124-8135. [PMID: 31190144 PMCID: PMC6834759 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The bidirectional water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is abundantly expressed in the neural tissue. The advantages and disadvantages of AQP4 neural tissue deficiency under pathological conditions, such as inflammation, and relationship with neural diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, have been previously reported. However, the physiological functions of AQP4 are not fully understood. Here, we evaluated the role of AQP4 in the mouse retina using Aqp4 knockout (KO) mice. Aqp4 was expressed in Müller glial cells surrounding the synaptic area between photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Both scotopic and photopic electroretinograms showed hyperactive visual responses in KO mice, gradually progressing with age. Moreover, the amplitude reduction after frequent stimuli and synaptic fatigue was more severe in KO mice. Glutamine synthetase, glutamate aspartate transporter, synaptophysin, and the inward potassium channel Kir2.1, but not Kir4.1, were downregulated in KO retinas. KIR2.1 colocalized with AQP4 in Müller glial cells at the synaptic area, and its expression was affected by Aqp4 levels in primary Müller glial cell cultures. Intraocular injection of potassium in wild-type mice led to visual function hyperactivity, as observed in Aqp4 KO mice. Mitochondria molecules, such as Pgc1α and CoxIV, were downregulated, while apoptotic markers were upregulated in KO retinas. AQP4 may fine-tune synaptic activity, most likely by regulating potassium metabolism, at least in part, via collaborating with KIR2.1, and possibly indirectly regulating glutamate kinetics, to inhibit neural hyperactivity and synaptic fatigue which finally affect mitochondria and cause neurodegeneration.
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49
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Triplett J, Nicholson G, Sue C, Hornemann T, Yiannikas C. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IC accompanied by upper motor neuron abnormalities and type II juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasias. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2019; 24:224-229. [PMID: 30866134 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN-1) is an autosomal dominant sensory neuropathy occurring secondary to mutations in the SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 genes. We present two generations of a single family with Ser384Phe mutation in the SPTLC2 gene located on chromosome 14q24 characterized by a typical HSAN-1c presentation, with additional findings upper motor neuron signs, early demyelinating features on nerve conduction studies, and type II juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasias also known as macular telangiectasias (MacTel II). Although HSAN1 is characterized as an axonal neuropathy, demyelinating features were identified in two subjects on serial nerve conduction studies comprising motor conduction block, temporal dispersion, and prolongation of F-waves. MacTell II is a rare syndrome characterized by bilateral macular depigmentation and Müller cell loss. It has a presumed genetic basis, and these cases suggest that the accumulation of toxic sphingoplipids may lead to Müller cell degeneration, subsequent neuronal loss, depigmentation, and progressive central macular thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Triplett
- Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Garth Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Medicine, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolyn Sue
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Con Yiannikas
- Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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50
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Elmi A, Ventrella D, Laghi L, Carnevali G, Zhu C, Pertile G, Barone F, Benfenati F, Bacci ML. 1H NMR Spectroscopy Characterization of Porcine Vitreous Humor in Physiological and Photoreceptor Degeneration Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:741-747. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carnevali
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chenglin Zhu
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Pertile
- Ophthalmology Department, Sacro Cuore Hospital - Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Ophthalmology Department, Sacro Cuore Hospital - Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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