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Elmi A, Correa F, Ventrella D, Scozzoli M, Vannetti NI, Govoni N, Truzzi E, Belperio S, Trevisi P, Bacci ML, Nannoni E. Can environmental nebulization of lavender essential oil (L. angustifolia) improve welfare and modulate nasal microbiota of growing pigs? Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105251. [PMID: 38554612 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of phytoextracts has been proposed as a method to improve animal welfare, also in pigs, by reducing stress and anxiety and improving performances. Lavandula angustifolia (Miller) essential oil (LaEO) is an interesting calming phytoextract that could be administered by inhalation for prolonged periods of time to help pigs coping with on-farm conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of daily inhalation of vaporized LaEO on pigs' welfare and health indicators, and nasal microbiota, trying to understand whether this phytoextract represents a feasible tool to improve animal welfare under intensive farming conditions. Eighty-four crossbred barrows were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: control (C); lavender (L): 3 vaporization sessions of 10 min each of a custom made 1% solution of LaEO; sham (S): same vaporization sessions of L group but only using the solution vehicle. Experimental readouts included growth parameters, behavioural traits, tail and skin lesions, hair steroids and nasal microbiota. L group animals did not show altered growth performance and seemed calmer (increased recumbency time), with decreased amount of skin lesions also associated with lower severity class for tail lesions. They also showed decreased CORT/DHEA ratio, potentially suggesting a beneficial effect of LaEO. Inhalation of LaEO significantly affected the nasal pig microbiome by reducing its diversity. Overall, the study suggests how inhalation of Lavender essential oil may be capable of improving welfare in growing pigs, yet it is pivotal to consider the microbial modulatory capabilities of essential oils before exploiting them on larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Scozzoli
- SIROE - Italian Society for Research on Essential Oils (Società Italiana per la Ricerca sugli Oli Essenziali), Viale Regina Elena, 299, Roma 00161, Italy
| | - Niccolò Ian Vannetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Govoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Belperio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bernardini C, Nesci S, La Mantia D, Salaroli R, Nauwelaerts N, Ventrella D, Elmi A, Trombetti F, Zannoni A, Forni M. Isolation and characterization of mammary epithelial cells derived from Göttingen Minipigs: A comparative study versus hybrid pig cells from the IMI-ConcePTION Project. Res Vet Sci 2024; 172:105244. [PMID: 38554548 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The value of pig as "large animal model" is a well-known tool for translational medicine, but it can also be beneficial in studying animal health in a one-health vision. The ConcePTION Project aims to provide new information about the risks associated with medication use during breastfeeding, as this information is not available for most commonly used drugs. In the IMI-Conception context, Göttingen Minipigs have been preferred to hybrid pigs for their genetic stability and microbiological control. For the first time, in the present research, three primary cell cultures of mammary epithelial cells were isolated and characterized from Göttingen Minipigs (mpMECs), including their ability to create the epithelial barrier. In addition, a comparative analysis between Göttingen Minipigs and commercial hybrid pig mammary epithelial cells (pMECs) was conducted. Epithelial markers: CKs, CK18, E-CAD, ZO-1 and OCL, were expressed in both mpMECs and pMECs. RT2 Profiler PCR Array Pig Drug Transporters showed a similar profile in mRNA drug transporters. No difference in energy production under basal metabolic condition was evidenced, while under stressed state, a different metabolic behaviour was shown between mpMECs vs pMECs. TEER measurement and sodium fluorescein transport, indicated that mpMECs were able to create an epithelial barrier, although, this turned out to be less compact than pMECs. By comparing mpMECs with mammary epithelial cells isolated from Hybrid pigs (pMECs), although both cell lines have morphological and phenotypic characteristics that make them both useful in barrier studies, some specific differences exist and must be considered in a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nina Nauwelaerts
- KU Leuven Drug Delivery and Disposition Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven University, Belgium.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Monica Forni
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Troisio I, Bertocchi M, Ventrella D, Scozzoli M, Di Vito M, Truzzi E, Benvenuti S, Mattarelli P, Bacci ML, Elmi A. Short- and long-term effects of essential oils on swine spermatozoa during liquid phase refrigeration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:285. [PMID: 38168599 PMCID: PMC10762118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of essential oils as potential alternatives to antibiotics in swine semen storage is promising, due to their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, detrimental effects on spermatozoa should be clarified first. The aim of this study was to evaluate 9 essential oils (EOs; Satureja montana, Pelargonium graveolens, Cymbopogon nardus, Melaleuca leucadendron, Eucaliptus globulus, Citrus limon, Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula hybrida, Mentha piperita) and a blend (GL mix) on key morpho-functional parameters of swine spermatozoa. Test compounds were firstly chemo-characterized and experimental doses were prepared by suspending a fixed number of spermatozoa with 3 different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/mL) of EOs. Experimental doses were stored at 16 °C and sampled after 3 and 120 h for analysis. Overall, S. montana, P. graveolens and L. angustifolia EOs induced the strongest alterations, with C. nardus and E. globulus EOs being the best tolerated. Swine spermatozoa represent a good preliminary testing platform to screen toxicity and its different patterns. The comprehensive overview on the potential mechanisms of action of some of the most common EOs, despite of the direct aim of the study being swine reproduction, may be exploited in other fields of research within both veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Troisio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Scozzoli
- Italian Society for Research on Essential Oils (Società Italiana per la Ricerca sugli Oli Essenziali-SIROE), Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Maura Di Vito
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, MO, Italy
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, MO, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
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Elmi A, Casalini A, Bertocchi M, Emmanuele P, Aniballi C, Parmeggiani A, Govoni N, Ventrella D, Mordenti O, Bacci ML. Comparative evaluation of the effects of different activating media and temperatures on European eel (Anguilla anguilla) sperm motility assessed by computer assisted sperm analysis. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105045. [PMID: 37812988 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The European eel is a critically endangered teleost fish with very poor success rate for captive breeding and artificial reproduction. Therefore, to support its conservation, new strategies are needed to ensure fertilization. Objective analysis of sperm motility may be critical as it potentially represents one of the most important reproductive quality parameters. Spermatozoa acquire motility once in contact with hyperosmotic solutions as saltwater, yet the exact mechanisms and the role of temperature are still to be clarified. The main aim of the study was to assess the effects of 3 activating media (artificial sea water, tank water and commercial Actifish®) at 4 and 20 °C on sperm motility, by means of computer assisted sperm analysis. Secondary aim was to test 2 different concentrations of Actifish® mimicking sea water pH/osmolality, at 4 °C. The results suggested how both temperature and activating media have effects on spermatozoa motility and kinematics, with temperature mainly acting upon interaction with the media type. The samples activated with tank water at 20 °C showed the poorest motility outcomes (mean 38.1%), while the ones activated with Actifish® diluted 1:4 and artificial sea water, at 4 °C, the highest (means 51.8 and 51.5% respectively). Additionally, diluting Actifish® to reach same pH and osmolality of seawater led to worse motility outcomes, suggesting that composition may be the critical factor for activation rather than osmolality itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Antonio Casalini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Pietro Emmanuele
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Camilla Aniballi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Albamaria Parmeggiani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Nadia Govoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy.
| | - Oliviero Mordenti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
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Aniballi C, Elmi A, Govoni N, Bulla T, Canelli E, Casalini A, Bacci ML, Ventrella D. Influence of age and seasonality on boar seminal plasma steroids quantification: A preliminary study. Vet World 2023; 16:2150-2157. [PMID: 38023267 PMCID: PMC10668552 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2150-2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Seasonal changes, especially temperature and photoperiod, are well-known determining factors of swine reproductive capacity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age and seasonal variations on boar seminal plasma steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], cortisol [CORT], and testosterone [TEST]) over 1 year. Materials and Methods Four commercial hybrid adult boars (Large White × Duroc), aged between 12 and 44 months, were repeatedly evaluated at the Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences of the University of Bologna. Daily temperature and light hours relating to the collection date were considered for each observation within the four astronomical seasons: Winter, spring, summer, and autumn. Hormones were quantified using radioimmunoassay. The association between seasonal factors and hormone concentrations was evaluated using linear regression models. Univariate models were estimated for each hormone to assess the influence of the independent variables; two multivariate models were assessed to evaluate the effect of temperature and daylight hours, including boar and season factors. Results Age significantly affected all analyzed hormones (CORT p < 0.0001; DHEA p < 0.0001; and TEST p < 0.0001). The highest average levels were found for each hormone during summertime, suggesting a positive correlation between steroid concentrations with temperature and light hours. Conclusion The results of this study support the hypothesis that the increase in external temperature and light hours is somehow associated with higher levels of steroid concentrations in the seminal plasma of in-housed boars. These findings may help further investigate seasonal fluctuations in reproductive outcomes, which are well-known for porcine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Aniballi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Nadia Govoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Tiziana Bulla
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belle Arti, 41, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Canelli
- Swine Practitioner, PBA s.r.l., Via Gerole, 1, 26861, Fombio, LO, Italy
| | - Antonio Casalini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
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Bernardini C, Mantia DL, Salaroli R, Ventrella D, Elmi A, Zannoni A, Forni M. Isolation of Vascular Wall Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Thoracic Aorta of Adult Göttingen Minipigs: A New Protocol for the Simultaneous Endothelial Cell Collection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2601. [PMID: 37627392 PMCID: PMC10451532 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two main classes of perivascular multipotent populations have been described: the microvascular pericytes and the vascular wall mesenchymal stem cells (VW-MSCs). VW-MSCs are isolated from large vessels in many species and they participate in vascular remodeling together with other cellular components such as endothelial cells. Considering that the Göttingen Minipigs are widely used in Europe as a translational model in the field of cardiovascular diseases, the aim of the present research was to isolate VW-MSCs from the adult aorta of Göttingen Minipigs while preserving and also collecting endothelial cells. The results obtained in the present research demonstrated that this new protocol allows us to obtain a pure population of VW-MSCs and endothelial cells. VW-MSCs from Göttingen Minipigs responded fully to the MSC minima international criteria, being positive to CD105, CD90, and CD44 and negative to CD45 and CD34. Moreover, VW-MSCs presented a differentiative potential towards osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Overall, the present protocol, preserving the viability and phenotypic features of the two isolated populations, opens future possibilities of using minipig VW-MSCs and endothelial cells in in vitro vascular remodeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Monica Forni
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Lorenzin A, Sgarabotto L, Bacci ML, Elmi A, Ventrella D, Aniballi C, Zanella M, Brendolan A, Di Lullo L, Ronco C. Artificial Diuresis: Animal Studies on Efficacy and Safety of a New Miniaturized Device for Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration. Cardiorenal Med 2023; 13:167-175. [PMID: 36977396 DOI: 10.1159/000530382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have recently developed a new miniaturized device for extracorporeal ultrafiltration (UF) to be used in patients with fluid overload: Artificial Diuresis-1 (AD1) (Medica S.p.A., Medolla, Italy). The device has a reduced priming volume, operates at very low pressures and flow regimes, and is designed to perform extracorporeal UF at bedside. After accurate experiments were carried out in vitro, we report in this paper the results of in vivo UF sessions carried out in selected animals according to veterinary best practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AD1 kit is pre-filled with sterile isotonic solution and operates with a polysulfone mini-filter, MediSulfone (polysulfone at 50,000 Dalton). A collection bag with a volumetric scale is connected to the UF line, and the ultrafiltrate is obtained by gravity based on the height at which the ultrafiltrate collection bag is placed. Animals were prepared and anesthetized. The jugular vein was cannulated with a double-lumen catheter. Three 6-h sessions of UF were scheduled with a target fluid removal of 1,500 mL. Heparin was used as anticoagulant. RESULTS In all treatments, the target value of UF was obtained in the absence of major clinical or technical problems with a maximum deviation from the scheduled UF rate lower than 10%. The device resulted to be safe, reliable, accurate, and easily usable thanks to a user-friendly interface and its very small dimensions. CONCLUSIONS This study opens the way for clinical trials in different settings including departments with low intensity of care and even in ambulatory centers or patient's home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lorenzin
- Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant St. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
| | - Luca Sgarabotto
- Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant St. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Aniballi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Zanella
- Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant St. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Brendolan
- Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant St. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Ronco
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
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Nissen L, Aniballi C, Casciano F, Elmi A, Ventrella D, Zannoni A, Gianotti A, Bacci ML. Maternal amoxicillin affects piglets colon microbiota: microbial ecology and metabolomics in a gut model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7595-7614. [PMID: 36239764 PMCID: PMC9666337 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The first weeks of life represent a crucial stage for microbial colonization of the piglets’ gastrointestinal tract. Newborns’ microbiota is unstable and easily subject to changes under stimuli or insults. Nonetheless, the administration of antibiotics to the sow is still considered as common practice in intensive farming for pathological conditions in the postpartum. Therefore, transfer of antibiotic residues through milk may occurs, affecting the piglets’ colon microbiota. In this study, we aimed to extend the knowledge on antibiotic transfer through milk, employing an in vitro dedicated piglet colon model (MICODE—Multi Unit In vitro Colon Model). The authors’ focus was set on the shifts of the piglets’ microbiota composition microbiomics (16S r-DNA MiSeq and qPCR—quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and on the production of microbial metabolites (SPME GC/MS—solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) in response to milk with different concentrations of amoxicillin. The results showed an effective influence of amoxicillin in piglets’ microbiota and metabolites production; however, without altering the overall biodiversity. The scenario is that of a limitation of pathogens and opportunistic taxa, e.g., Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, but also a limitation of commensal dominant Lactobacillaceae, a reduction in commensal Ruminococcaceae and a depletion in beneficial Bifidobactericeae. Lastly, an incremental growth of resistant species, such as Enterococcaceae or Clostridiaceae, was observed. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first evaluating the impact of antibiotic residues towards the piglets’ colon microbiota in an in vitro model, opening the way to include such approach in a pipeline of experiments where a reduced number of animals for testing is employed. Key points • Piglet colon model to study antibiotic transfer through milk. • MICODE resulted a robust and versatile in vitro gut model. • Towards the “3Rs” Principles to replace, reduce and refine the use of animals used for scientific purposes (Directive 2010/63/UE). Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12223-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nissen
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI-AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, Via Q. Bucci 336, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Camilla Aniballi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Flavia Casciano
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI-AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, Via Q. Bucci 336, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Ventrella D, Maya-Vetencourt JF, Elmi A, Barone F, Aniballi C, Muscatello LV, Mete M, Pertile G, Benfenati F, Bacci ML. The p-ERG spatial acuity in the biomedical pig under physiological conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15479. [PMID: 36104429 PMCID: PMC9474814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are becoming an important pre-clinical animal species for translational ophthalmology, due to similarities with humans in anatomical and physiological patterns. Different models of eye disorders have been proposed, and they are good candidates to assess biocompatibility/functionality of retinal prostheses. Electroretinography is a common tool allowing to gain information on retinal function, with several types of electroretinogram (ERG) been implemented including full field (ff-ERG), multifocal (mf-ERG) and pattern (p-ERG). p-ERG represents a valuable tool to monitor Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) activity and can be used to calculate p-ERG spatial acuity. Unfortunately, scarce methodological data are available regarding recording/interpretation of p-ERG and retinal acuity in biomedical pigs yet enhancing knowledge regarding pig vision physiology will allow for more refined and responsible use of such species. Aim of this study was to record p-ERG in juvenile pigs to functionally assess visual acuity. Six female hybrid pigs underwent two p-ERG recording sessions at 16 and 19 weeks of age. Photopic ff-ERG were also recorded; optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histology were used to confirm retinal integrity. ff-ERG signals were repeatable within/across sessions. All p-ERG traces consistently displayed characterizing peaks, and the progressive decrease of amplitude in response to the increment of spatial frequency revealed the reliability of the method. Mean p-ERG spatial acuities were 5.7 ± 0.14 (16 weeks) and 6.2 ± 0.15 cpd (19 weeks). Overall, the p-ERG recordings described in the present work seem reliable and repeatable, and may represent an important tool when it comes to vision assessment in pigs.
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10
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Bernava G, Fermi E, Gelpi G, Rizzi S, Benettin D, Barbuto M, Romagnoni C, Ventrella D, Palmieri MC, Agrifoglio M, Polvani G, Bacci ML, Pasquino E, Pesce M. Lithotripsy of Calcified Aortic Valve Leaflets by a Novel Ultrasound Transcatheter-Based Device. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:850393. [PMID: 35402526 PMCID: PMC8990875 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.850393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of calcific aortic valve disease necessitates the elaboration of new strategies to retard the progression of the pathology with an innovative solution. While the increasing diffusion of the transcatheter aortic valve replacements (TAVRs) allows a mini-invasive approach to aortic valve substitution as an alternative to conventional surgical replacement (SAVR) in an always larger patient population, TAVR implantation still has contraindications for young patients. In addition, it is liable to undergo calcification with the consequent necessity of re-intervention with conventional valve surgery or repeated implantation in the so-called TAVR-in-TAVR procedure. Inspired by applications for non-cardiac pathologies or for vascular decalcification before stenting (i.e., coronary lithotripsy), in the present study, we show the feasibility of human valve treatment with a mini-invasive device tailored to deliver shockwaves to the calcific leaflets. We provide evidence of efficient calcium deposit ruptures in human calcified leaflets treated ex vivo and the safety of the treatment in pigs. The use of this device could be helpful to perform shockwaves valvuloplasty as an option to retard TAVR/SAVR, or as a pretreatment to facilitate prosthesis implantation and minimize the occurrence of paravalvular leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Bernava
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Fermi
- AorticLab S.r.l., Bioindustry Park, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Rizzi
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Benettin
- AorticLab S.r.l., Bioindustry Park, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Marianna Barbuto
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrico Pasquino
- AorticLab S.r.l., Bioindustry Park, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maurizio Pesce
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11
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Elmi A, Govoni N, Zannoni A, Bertocchi M, Bernardini C, Forni M, Ventrella D, Bacci ML. Testicular Melatonin and Its Pathway in Roe Deer Bucks ( Capreolus capreolus) during Pre- and Post-Rut Periods: Correlation with Testicular Involution. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071874. [PMID: 34201764 PMCID: PMC8300110 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The roe deer is a small wild ruminant, very common in Europe and Asia; adult specimens are sexually active only during summer, in very short timeframes. Peculiarly, males, also known as bucks, produce spermatozoa only in this period, with a subsequent morph-functional testicular involution. In seasonal breeders, melatonin plays a pivotal role by converting light information and controlling the testicular hormonal function and, recently, its local production within testes has been described in other species. The aim of the present work was to study testicular melatonin and its synthesis pathway in roe deer during the pre-rut (June–July) and post-rut (August–September) periods, and correlate it with morph-functional testicular changes. Samples were opportunistically obtained from hunted specimens according to the local hunting calendar. The results also seem to suggest a local melatonin production in this species, but no correlations with testicular involution parameters were highlighted, probably due to the very short sampling timeframe. More studies are necessary to understand the role of melatonin in the testicular cycle and provide more information regarding the interesting reproductive physiology of this species. Abstract Roe deer are seasonal breeders with a complete yearly testicular cycle. The peak in reproductive activity is recorded during summer, the rutting period, with the highest levels of androgens and testicular weight. Melatonin plays a pivotal role in seasonal breeders by stimulating the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonads axis and acting locally; in different species, its synthesis within testes has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological melatonin pattern within roe deer testes by comparing data obtained from animals sampled during pre- and post-rut periods. Melatonin was quantified in testicular parenchyma, along with the genetic expression of enzymes involved in its local synthesis (AANAT and ASMT) and function (UCP1). Melatonin receptors, MT1-2, were quantified both at protein and gene expression levels. Finally, to assess changes in reproductive hormonal profiles, testicular dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was quantified and used for a correlation analysis. Melatonin and AANAT were detected in all samples, without significant differences between pre- and post-rut periods. Despite DHEA levels confirming testicular involution during the post-rut period, no correlations appeared between such involution and melatonin pathways. This study represents the first report regarding melatonin synthesis in roe deer testes, opening the way for future prospective studies in the physiology of this species.
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12
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Ventrella D, Ashkenazi N, Elmi A, Allegaert K, Aniballi C, DeLise A, Devine PJ, Smits A, Steiner L, Forni M, Bouisset-Leonard M, Bacci ML. Animal Models for In Vivo Lactation Studies: Anatomy, Physiology and Milk Compositions in the Most Used Non-Clinical Species: A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030714. [PMID: 33808012 PMCID: PMC7998628 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nowadays, the importance of breastfeeding has been very well recognized not only by the scientific world but also by public opinion. Such awareness has nonetheless put a lot of pressure on women under chronic pharmacological medication, or that simply need to alleviate common post-partum health issues, due to the lack of scientific data regarding the potential transfer to the offspring during lactation. In such a scenario, the ConcePTION project aims at creating a trusted ecosystem that can efficiently generate and disseminate reliable evidence-based information regarding the effects of medications used during pregnancy and breastfeeding to women and their healthcare providers. Due to the need for a reliable animal species to obtain scientific data, the present review summarizes the main features contributing to the lactation process in the most commonly used laboratory animal species. Abstract The present review aims to summarize the main features of mammary gland anatomy, and the physiology of lactation and colostrum/milk in the most commonly used animal species for regulatory toxicity. The final goal is the selection of a preferred animal species to be enrolled in studies investigating the potential transfer of drugs and exogenous molecules through milk, within the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) funded project ConcePTION. Reference data regarding humans were also collected and analyzed in order to highlight critical similarities and differences with the studied species. Additional practical considerations were also taken into account, such as ethical consideration regarding the chosen species which affects the group size, financial implications and technical feasibility of lactation trials (e.g., ease of sampling, volume of sampling, husbandry requirements and scientific recognition). In conclusion, the present analysis of the literature confirms the complexity of the decisional process behind the choice of an animal model for in vivo trials. For some of the evaluated species, data were either poor or missing, highlighting the necessity to generate more physiological background studies for species that are routinely used in laboratory settings. Overall, when taking into consideration ethical factors, feasible group size, milk volume and ease of milk collection, and physiological similarities with humans, minipigs seem to represent the most appropriate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emlia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (D.V.); (C.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Nurit Ashkenazi
- Global Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Netanya 42504, Israel; (N.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emlia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (D.V.); (C.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2097923
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Aniballi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emlia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (D.V.); (C.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Anthony DeLise
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA;
| | - Patrick John Devine
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Anne Smits
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.A.); (A.S.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lilach Steiner
- Global Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Netanya 42504, Israel; (N.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emlia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (D.V.); (C.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | | | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emlia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (D.V.); (C.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
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13
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Nauwelaerts N, Deferm N, Smits A, Bernardini C, Lammens B, Gandia P, Panchaud A, Nordeng H, Bacci ML, Forni M, Ventrella D, Van Calsteren K, DeLise A, Huys I, Bouisset-Leonard M, Allegaert K, Annaert P. A comprehensive review on non-clinical methods to study transfer of medication into breast milk - A contribution from the ConcePTION project. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111038. [PMID: 33526310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding plays a major role in the health and wellbeing of mother and infant. However, information on the safety of maternal medication during breastfeeding is lacking for most medications. This leads to discontinuation of either breastfeeding or maternal therapy, although many medications are likely to be safe. Since human lactation studies are costly and challenging, validated non-clinical methods would offer an attractive alternative. This review gives an extensive overview of the non-clinical methods (in vitro, in vivo and in silico) to study the transfer of maternal medication into the human breast milk, and subsequent neonatal systemic exposure. Several in vitro models are available, but model characterization, including quantitative medication transport data across the in vitro blood-milk barrier, remains rather limited. Furthermore, animal in vivo models have been used successfully in the past. However, these models don't always mimic human physiology due to species-specific differences. Several efforts have been made to predict medication transfer into the milk based on physicochemical characteristics. However, the role of transporter proteins and several physiological factors (e.g., variable milk lipid content) are not accounted for by these methods. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling offers a mechanism-oriented strategy with bio-relevance. Recently, lactation PBPK models have been reported for some medications, showing at least the feasibility and value of PBPK modelling to predict transfer of medication into the human milk. However, reliable data as input for PBPK models is often missing. The iterative development of in vitro, animal in vivo and PBPK modelling methods seems to be a promising approach. Human in vitro models will deliver essential data on the transepithelial transport of medication, whereas the combination of animal in vitro and in vivo methods will deliver information to establish accurate in vitro/in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) algorithms and mechanistic insights. Such a non-clinical platform will be developed and thoroughly evaluated by the Innovative Medicines Initiative ConcePTION.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Nauwelaerts
- KU Leuven Drug Delivery and Disposition Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N II Herestraat, 49 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Neel Deferm
- KU Leuven Drug Delivery and Disposition Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N II Herestraat, 49 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anne Smits
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, UZ Leuven, Neonatology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | | | - Peggy Gandia
- Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France.
| | - Alice Panchaud
- Service of Pharmacy Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PB. 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | | | - Anthony DeLise
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ, 07936, USA.
| | - Isabelle Huys
- KU Leuven, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, ON II Herestraat 49 - bus, 521 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Michele Bouisset-Leonard
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Werk Klybeck Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland.
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, ON II Herestraat 49 - bus, 521 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Pieter Annaert
- KU Leuven Drug Delivery and Disposition Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N II Herestraat, 49 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Ventrella D, Salaroli R, Elmi A, Carnevali G, Forni M, Baldi F, Bacci ML. A novel ex vivo porcine model of acid-induced esophageal damage for preliminary functional evaluations of anti-gastroesophageal reflux disease medical devices. Vet World 2020; 13:2728-2735. [PMID: 33487991 PMCID: PMC7811544 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2728-2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to set up a porcine ex vivo model of acid-induced damage and to evaluate its performance by means of multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII-pH) live recording, histology, and Evans blue (EB) permeability assay. Materials and Methods Thirteen esophagi, collected at a slaughterhouse, were ablated of their sphincters, pinned upright on a support, and placed in a thermostatic hood at 37°C with two infusion tubes and an MII-pH probe inserted in the top end. Three esophagi (histology controls) were only left in the hood for 3.5 h before sampling, while the remaining organs underwent the experimental protocol including saline infusion and recovery recording, and acid solution infusion and recovery recording. Results MII-pH analysis highlighted a significantly stronger decrease during acid infusion when compared to saline, but a better post-infusion recovery for saline solution. At the end of the protocol, MII was still statistically lower than baseline. The acid-damaged esophagi significantly absorbed more EB dye, and histology revealed strong mucosal exfoliation. Conclusion The proposed model of esophageal acid damage seems to be repeatable, reliable, and achievable using organs collected at the slaughterhouse. MII recording proved to have good sensitivity in detecting mucosal alterations also in ex vivo trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Giacomo Carnevali
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Fabio Baldi
- Center for the Study of Diseases of the Esophagus, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (RA), Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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15
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Salaroli R, Ventrella D, Bernardini C, Elmi A, Zannoni A, Bacci ML, Forni M, Calanni F, Ferrieri A, Baldi F. Barrier Effect of a New Topical Agent on Damaged Esophageal Mucosa: Experimental Study on an ex vivo Swine Model. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:569-576. [PMID: 33223844 PMCID: PMC7671490 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s269568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AL2106 is a new medical device based on a mixture of chondroitin sulphate in a xyloglucan and glycerol solution made to maximize its bioadhesive capability to the esophageal mucosa. The aim of the present study was twofold to evaluate the AL2106 protective effect on the esophageal mucosa when exposed to an acidic solution mimicking gastric reflux and to assess the resilience of this effect to saline washing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A porcine ex vivo model was used and the effects of the new medical device were compared to a sodium alginate suspension (SAS) already present on the market which was assumed as reference. Mucosal damage was induced in 19 porcine esophagi by perfusion with an acidic solution added with pepsin, and Evans blue dye (EBD) tissue uptake was used as an indicator of mucosal permeability. The EBD penetration, expressed as EBD µg/g of dry tissue, was assessed in specimens of untreated damaged mucosa and in specimens treated with AL2106 or SAS. The same evaluation was carried out after washing with normal saline. RESULTS Both topical agents tested significantly reduced the EBD uptake by more than 60% (AL2106 8.4±4.5, SAS 3.6±2.7 vs control 23.2±13.1, p<0.01). The saline washing did not cause any significant reduction in the protective effect of AL2106 (8.6±5.9), while it significantly reduced that of SAS (5.9±4.3, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The new AL2106 medical device showed a good barrier effect against a reflux-like damaging solution and preserved this effect after the mucosal washing test, thus suggesting its possible relevance for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Ferrieri
- Division of Clinical Research, Department of Research and Development, Alfasigma, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Baldi
- Center for the Study of Diseases of the Esophagus, University of Bologna and Gruppo Villa Maria Care & Research, Ravenna, Italy
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16
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Maya-Vetencourt JF, Di Marco S, Mete M, Di Paolo M, Ventrella D, Barone F, Elmi A, Manfredi G, Desii A, Sannita WG, Bisti S, Lanzani G, Pertile G, Bacci ML, Benfenati F. Biocompatibility of a Conjugated Polymer Retinal Prosthesis in the Domestic Pig. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:579141. [PMID: 33195139 PMCID: PMC7605258 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.579141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors is one of the most significant causes of blindness in humans. Conjugated polymers represent an attractive solution to the field of retinal prostheses, and a multi-layer fully organic prosthesis implanted subretinally in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats was able to rescue visual functions. As a step toward human translation, we report here the fabrication and in vivo testing of a similar device engineered to adapt to the human-like size of the eye of the domestic pig, an excellent animal paradigm to test therapeutic strategies for photoreceptors degeneration. The active conjugated polymers were layered onto two distinct passive substrates, namely electro-spun silk fibroin (ESF) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Naive pigs were implanted subretinally with the active device in one eye, while the contralateral eye was sham implanted with substrate only. Retinal morphology and functionality were assessed before and after surgery by means of in vivo optical coherence tomography and full-field electroretinogram (ff-ERG) analysis. After the sacrifice, the retina morphology and inflammatory markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry of the excised retinas. Surprisingly, ESF-based prostheses caused a proliferative vitreoretinopathy with disappearance of the ff-ERG b-wave in the implanted eyes. In contrast, PET-based active devices did not evoke significant inflammatory responses. As expected, the subretinal implantation of both PET only and the PET-based prosthesis locally decreased the thickness of the outer nuclear layer due to local photoreceptor loss. However, while the implantation of the PET only substrate decreased the ff-ERG b-wave amplitude with respect to the pre-implant ERG, the eyes implanted with the active device fully preserved the ERG responses, indicating an active compensation of the surgery-induced photoreceptor loss. Our findings highlight the possibility of developing a new generation of conjugated polymer/PET-based prosthetic devices that are highly biocompatible and potentially suitable for subretinal implantation in patients suffering from degenerative blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernando Maya-Vetencourt
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Marco
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mete
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Paolo
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Desii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter G Sannita
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bisti
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB, Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Pertile
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
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17
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Di Prima S, Winiarski T, Angulo-Jaramillo R, Stewart RD, Castellini M, Abou Najm MR, Ventrella D, Pirastru M, Giadrossich F, Capello G, Biddoccu M, Lassabatere L. Detecting infiltrated water and preferential flow pathways through time-lapse ground-penetrating radar surveys. Sci Total Environ 2020; 726:138511. [PMID: 32320879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to identify the incidence and extent of preferential flow at two experimental areas located in Lyon, France. We used time-lapse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in conjunction with automatized single-ring infiltration experiments to create three-dimensional (3D) representations of infiltrated water. In total we established three 100 cm × 100 cm GPR grids and used differenced radargrams from pre- and post-infiltration surveys to detect wetting patterns. The analyzed time-lapse GPR surveys revealed the linkage between nonuniform flow and heterogeneous soil structures and plant roots. At the first experimental area, subsurface coarse gravels acted as capillary barriers that concentrated flow into narrow pathways via funneled flow. At the second experimental area, the interpolated 3D patterns closely matched direct observation of dyed patterns, thereby validating the applied protocol. They also highlighted the important role of plant roots in facilitating preferential water movement through the subsurface. The protocol presented in this study represents a valuable tool for improving the hydraulic characterization of highly heterogeneous soils, while also alleviating some of the excessive experimental efforts currently needed to detect preferential flow pathways in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Prima
- Agricultural Department, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69518, Vaulx-en- Velin, France.
| | - Thierry Winiarski
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69518, Vaulx-en- Velin, France
| | - Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69518, Vaulx-en- Velin, France
| | - Ryan D Stewart
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Mirko Castellini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Agriculture and Environment Research Center (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Majdi R Abou Najm
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Agriculture and Environment Research Center (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Pirastru
- Agricultural Department, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Filippo Giadrossich
- Agricultural Department, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Capello
- Institute for Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines (IMAMOTER), National Research Council of Italy, 10135 Torino, Strada delle Cacce, 73, Italy
| | - Marcella Biddoccu
- Institute for Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines (IMAMOTER), National Research Council of Italy, 10135 Torino, Strada delle Cacce, 73, Italy
| | - Laurent Lassabatere
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69518, Vaulx-en- Velin, France
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18
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Bertocchi M, Rigillo A, Elmi A, Ventrella D, Aniballi C, G. Scorpio D, Scozzoli M, Bettini G, Forni M, Bacci ML. Preliminary Assessment of the Mucosal Toxicity of Tea Tree ( Melaleuca alternifolia) and Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis) Essential Oils on Novel Porcine Uterus Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093350. [PMID: 32397373 PMCID: PMC7247571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance, an ever-growing global crisis, is strongly linked to the swine production industry. In previous studies, Melaleucaalternifolia and Rosmarinusofficinalis essential oils have been evaluated for toxicity on porcine spermatozoa and for antimicrobial capabilities in artificial insemination doses, with the future perspective of their use as antibiotic alternatives. The aim of the present research was to develop and validate in vitro and ex vivo models of porcine uterine mucosa for the evaluation of mucosal toxicity of essential oils. The in vitro model assessed the toxicity of a wider range of concentrations of both essential oils (from 0.2 to 500 mg/mL) on sections of uterine tissue, while the ex vivo model was achieved by filling the uterine horns. The damage induced by the oils was assessed by Evans Blue (EB) permeability assay and histologically. The expression of ZO-1, a protein involved in the composition of tight junctions, was assessed through immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis. The results showed that low concentrations (0.2–0.4 mg/mL) of both essential oils, already identified as non-spermicidal but still antimicrobial, did not alter the structure and permeability of the swine uterine mucosa. Overall, these findings strengthen the hypothesis of a safe use of essential oils in inseminating doses of boar to replace antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (M.B.); (A.R.); (D.V.); (C.A.); (D.G.S.); (G.B.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Antonella Rigillo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (M.B.); (A.R.); (D.V.); (C.A.); (D.G.S.); (G.B.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (M.B.); (A.R.); (D.V.); (C.A.); (D.G.S.); (G.B.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512097923
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (M.B.); (A.R.); (D.V.); (C.A.); (D.G.S.); (G.B.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Camilla Aniballi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (M.B.); (A.R.); (D.V.); (C.A.); (D.G.S.); (G.B.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Diana G. Scorpio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (M.B.); (A.R.); (D.V.); (C.A.); (D.G.S.); (G.B.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (M.B.); (A.R.); (D.V.); (C.A.); (D.G.S.); (G.B.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (M.B.); (A.R.); (D.V.); (C.A.); (D.G.S.); (G.B.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (M.B.); (A.R.); (D.V.); (C.A.); (D.G.S.); (G.B.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
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19
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Elmi A, Zannoni A, Govoni N, Bertocchi M, Forni M, Ventrella D, Bacci ML. Uncovering the Physiological Mechanisms Underlying the Roe Deer ( Capreolus capreolus) Testicular Cycle: Analyses of Gelatinases and VEGF Patterns and Correlation with Testes Weight and Testosterone. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030444. [PMID: 32155893 PMCID: PMC7143327 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is a wild, small ruminant common in Europe and Asia with a peculiar reproductive cycle. The adult male shows a complete suspension of spermatozoa production during the winter that start again in spring with the peak of sexual activity in summer (July–August). The physiological mechanism underlying such a cycle is yet to be clarified. The work aimed at the analysis of some molecules, like gelatinases (MMP) and vascular growth factor, physiologically involved in tissue remodeling, in roe deer samples collected before (June–July) and after (August–September) the rutting period. Samples were provided by hunters of the Bologna Apennines area (Italy) according to the regional hunting plan. The result showed a post-rut reduction of testicular weight and testosterone, indicative of testes involution, correlated with an increase in pro-MMP2, the latent gelatinase capable of sustaining spermatogenesis once activated. It can be assumed that gelatinases are involved in the testicular cycle and start accumulating after the rutting period to be then activated in preparation of the next reproductive season inducing spermatozoa development and migration. Future studies on this pathway during all seasonal testicular cycles will provide more information about the interesting reproductive physiology of roe deer. Abstract The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) represents a spontaneous model of testicular inactivation: During winter, bucks show a suspension of spermatogenesis that starts again in spring and peaks during the breeding season (July–August). The underlying mechanisms to the regulation of the cyclic testicular changes are still not fully clear but seem to be imputable to the spermatogenic cell line since other testicular cell populations remain stable without apoptotic phenomena. The aim of the study was to investigate apoptosis, gelatinases (MMP2 and 9), their inhibiting factors (TIMP 1-2), and two isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF121 and 165) with its receptors (VEGFR1-2) in testes collected during pre- and post-rut periods, and to correlate them with testicular weight (TW) and testosterone (TEST). Testes from 18 adult sexually mature bucks were collected in Bologna Apennines (Italy). Samples were weighed and parenchyma collected. Radioimmunoassay, real-time PCR, and zymography were performed. The results showed a post-rut decrease in TW and TEST and an increase in proMMP2, also highlighting a correlation between the gelatinases and the testicular functionality. The VEGF pattern did not show modifications nor correlation with TW and TEST. Overall, gelatinases and their inhibitors, described herein for the first time in roe deer testes, seem to play an important role in the testicular cycle.
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20
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Ventrella D, Forni M, Bacci ML, Annaert P. Non-clinical Models to Determine Drug Passage into Human Breast Milk. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:534-548. [PMID: 30894104 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190320165904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful practice of clinical perinatal pharmacology requires a thorough understanding of the pronounced physiological changes during lactation and how these changes affect various drug disposition processes. In addition, pharmacokinetic processes unique to lactation have remained understudied. Hence, determination of drug disposition mechanisms in lactating women and their babies remains a domain with important knowledge gaps. Indeed, lack of data regarding infant risk during breastfeeding far too often results in discontinuation of breastfeeding and subsequent loss of all the associated benefits to the breastfed infant. In the absence of age-specific toxicity data, human lactation data alone are considered insufficient to rapidly generate the required evidence regarding risks associated with medication use during lactation. METHODS Systematic review of literature to summarize state-of-the art non-clinical approaches that have been developed to explore the mechanisms underlying drug milk excretion. RESULTS Several studies have reported methods to predict (to some extent) milk drug excretion rates based on physicochemical properties of the compounds. In vitro studies with primary mammary epithelial cells appear excellent approaches to determine transepithelial drug transport rates across the mammary epithelium. Several of these in vitro tools have been characterized in terms of transporter expression and activity as compared to the mammary gland tissue. In addition, with the advent of physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling, these in vitro transport data may prove instrumental in predicting drug milk concentration time profiles prior to the availability of data from clinical lactation studies. In vivo studies in lactating animals have proven their utility in elucidating the mechanisms underlying drug milk excretion. CONCLUSION By combining various non-clinical tools (physicochemistry-based, in vitro and PBPK, in vivo animal) for drug milk excretion, valuable and unique information regarding drug milk concentrations during lactation can be obtained. The recently approved IMI project ConcePTION will address several of the challenges outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ventrella
- University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Barone F, Muscatello LV, Ventrella D, Elmi A, Romagnoli N, Mandrioli L, Maya-Vetencourt JF, Bombardi C, Mete M, Sarli G, Benfenati F, Pertile G, Bacci ML. The porcine iodoacetic acid model of retinal degeneration: Morpho-functional characterization of the visual system. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107979. [PMID: 32087230 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Porcine models of ophthalmological diseases are often used in pre-clinical translational studies due to pigs' similarities to humans. In particular, the iodoacetic acid (IAA) model of photoreceptor degeneration seems to mimic well the endstage phenotype of human pathologies as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, with high potential for prosthesis/retinal devices testing. IAA is capable of inducing photoreceptor death by blockage of glycolysis, and its effects on the retina have been described. Nonetheless, up to date, literature lacks of a comprehensive morpho-functional characterization of the entire visual system of this model. This gap is particularly critical for prosthesis testing as inner retinal structures and optic pathways must be preserved to elicit cortical responses and restore vision. In this study, we investigated the functional and anatomical features of the visual system of IAA-treated pigs and compared them to control animals. IAA was administered intravenously at 12 mg/kg; control animals received saline solution (NaCl 0.9% w/v). Electrophysiological analyses included full-field (ffERGs) and pattern (PERGs) electroretinograms and flash visually evoked potentials (fVEPs). Histological evaluations were performed on the retina and the optic pathways and included thickness of the different retinal layers, ganglion cells count, and immunohistochemistry for microglial cells, macroglial cells, and oligodendrocytes. The histological results indicate that IAA treatment does not affect the morphology of the inner retina and optic pathways. Electrophysiology confirms the selective rod and partial cone degeneration, but is ambiguous as to the functionality of the optic pathways, seemingly preserved as indicated by the still detectable fVEPs. Overall, the work ameliorates the characterization of such rapid and cost-effective model, providing more strength and reliability for future pre-clinical translational trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Barone
- National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, 20814, MD, USA; Ophthalmology Department, Sacro Cuore Hospital - Don Calabria, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, Negrar, 37024, VR, Italy
| | - Luisa Vera Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univerisity of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univerisity of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy.
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univerisity of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univerisity of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univerisity of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Josè Fernando Maya-Vetencourt
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, GE, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Alessandro Volta 4Bis, Pisa, 56126, PI, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univerisity of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mete
- Ophthalmology Department, Sacro Cuore Hospital - Don Calabria, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, Negrar, 37024, VR, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univerisity of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, GE, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via Leon Battista Alberti 2, Genova, 16132, GE, Italy
| | - Grazia Pertile
- Ophthalmology Department, Sacro Cuore Hospital - Don Calabria, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, Negrar, 37024, VR, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univerisity of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
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22
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Tura G, Pellegrino V, Avallone G, Barone F, Bacci ML, Villa R, Spadari A, Ventrella D, Dondi F, Corradetti V, La Manna G, Sarli G. Polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a gilt. Vet Q 2020; 39:136-142. [PMID: 31571521 PMCID: PMC8923020 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1661542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Tura
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , BO , Italy
| | - Valeria Pellegrino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , BO , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , BO , Italy
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , BO , Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , BO , Italy
| | - Riccardo Villa
- Cellular Substrates, The Lombardy and Emilia Romagna experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER) , Brescia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Spadari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , BO , Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , BO , Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , BO , Italy
| | - Valeria Corradetti
- U.O. Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital , Bologna , Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- U.O. Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital , Bologna , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , BO , Italy
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23
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Forni M, Bernardini C, Zamparini F, Zannoni A, Salaroli R, Ventrella D, Parchi G, Degli Esposti M, Polimeni A, Fabbri P, Fava F, Prati C, Gandolfi MG. Vascular Wall-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation on 3D Biodegradable Highly Porous CaSi-DCPD Doped Poly (α-hydroxy) Acids Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10020243. [PMID: 32013247 PMCID: PMC7075175 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is a crucial factor when approaching any engineered tissue. Vascular wall-mesenchymal stem cells are an excellent in vitro model to study vascular remodeling due to their strong angiogenic attitude. This study aimed to demonstrate the angiogenic potential of experimental highly porous scaffolds based on polylactic acid (PLA) or poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) doped with calcium silicates (CaSi) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), namely PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD and PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD, designed for the regeneration of bone defects. Vascular wall-mesenchymal stem cells (VW-MSCs) derived from pig thoracic aorta were seeded on the scaffolds and the expression of angiogenic markers, i.e. CD90 (mesenchymal stem/stromal cell surface marker), pericyte genes α-SMA (alpha smooth muscle actin), PDGFR-β (platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β), and NG2 (neuron-glial antigen 2) was evaluated. Pure PLA and pure PCL scaffolds and cell culture plastic were used as controls (3D in vitro model vs. 2D in vitro model). The results clearly demonstrated that the vascular wall mesenchymal cells colonized the scaffolds and were metabolically active. Cells, grown in these 3D systems, showed the typical gene expression profile they have in control 2D culture, although with some main quantitative differences. DNA staining and immunofluorescence assay for alpha-tubulin confirmed a cellular presence on both scaffolds. However, VW-MSCs cultured on PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD showed an individual cells growth, whilst on PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD scaffolds VW-MSCs grew in spherical clusters. In conclusion, vascular wall mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated the ability to colonize PLA and PCL scaffolds doped with CaSi-DCPD for new vessels formation and a potential for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.Z.); (R.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.Z.); (R.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Green Materials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.Z.); (R.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.Z.); (R.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.Z.); (R.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Greta Parchi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Green Materials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Micaela Degli Esposti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.E.); (P.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Sciences, Pediatric Dentistry Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Fabbri
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.E.); (P.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.E.); (P.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Green Materials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Ventrella D, Elmi A, Bertocchi M, Aniballi C, Parmeggiani A, Govoni N, Bacci ML. Progesterone and Cortisol Levels in Blood and Hair of Wild Pregnant Red Deer ( Cervus Elaphus) Hinds. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E143. [PMID: 31963117 PMCID: PMC7022734 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The red deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) is one of the largest deer species in the world. Females are seasonal polyestrous, with negative photoperiod: the increase of the night peak of melatonin determines the secretion of GnRH and, therefore, LH and FSH. To date there is little information regarding the hormonal control during pregnancy for this species; this could be due to the difficulty of sampling wild subjects, while farmed animals' hormonal concentrations may not reflect the physiology of the animal in a natural state. In this study we evaluated the concentration of cortisol and progesterone, extracted from blood and hair, on 10 wild and pregnant red deer females. Belonging to the population of the Bolognese Apennines (Italy), the hinds were sampled in the January-March 2018 period, according to the regional selective hunting plan. Plasma progesterone (P4) ranged from a minimum of 1.9 to a maximum of 7.48 ng/mL; while hair P4 concentrations varied from 41.68 to 153.57 pg/mg. The plasma and hair cortisol ranges are respectively 0.4-2.97 ng/mL and 0.03-0.55 pg/mg; the only significant correlation was found between hair concentration of P4 and the date of death. The results of this preliminary study represent a small step towards a better knowledge of this species' physiology during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (D.V.); (A.E.); (C.A.); (A.P.); (N.G.); (M.L.B.)
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Sorrentino NC, Cacace V, De Risi M, Maffia V, Strollo S, Tedesco N, Nusco E, Romagnoli N, Ventrella D, Huang Y, Liu N, Kalled SL, Choi VW, De Leonibus E, Fraldi A. Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of Sulfamidase for the Treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 15:333-342. [PMID: 31788497 PMCID: PMC6881609 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS-IIIA) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by inherited defect of sulfamidase, a lysosomal sulfatase. MPS-IIIA is one of the most common and severe forms of LSDs with CNS involvement. Presently there is no cure. Here we have developed a new gene delivery approach for the treatment of MPS-IIIA based on the use of a modified version of sulfamidase expression cassette. This cassette encodes both a chimeric sulfamidase containing an alternative signal peptide (sp) to improve enzyme secretion and sulfatase-modifying factor 1 (SUMF1) to increase sulfamidase post-translational activation rate. We demonstrate that improved secretion and increased activation of sulfamidase act synergistically to enhance enzyme biodistribution in wild-type (WT) pigs upon intrathecal adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-mediated gene delivery. Translating such gene delivery strategy to a mouse model of MPS-IIIA results in a rescue of brain pathology, including memory deficit, as well as improvement in somatic tissues. These data may pave the way for developing effective gene delivery replacement protocols for the treatment of MPS-IIIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Cacace
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Maffia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Strollo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Novella Tedesco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yan Huang
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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Elmi A, Prosperi A, Zannoni A, Bertocchi M, Scorpio DG, Forni M, Foni E, Bacci ML, Ventrella D. Antimicrobial capabilities of non-spermicidal concentrations of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oils on the liquid phase of refrigerated swine seminal doses. Res Vet Sci 2019; 127:76-81. [PMID: 31678456 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is increasing within the porcine industry with consequential high impact on human health, leading to a need for new antimicrobials. Lately, the scientific community has turned its interest towards natural compounds, and different essential oils have been tested on spermatozoa for preliminary assessment of toxicity before considering them as good substitutes for standard antibiotics. The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential antimicrobial effect of Melaleuca alternifolia and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils, already evaluated for toxicity, on swine artificial insemination doses deprived of spermatozoa and stored at 16 °C for 5 days. This was accomplished by setting up an in vitro model with a standardized quantity of E. coli. Essential oils, previously chemo-characterized by means of gas chromatography, were tested at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/ml. Analyses, performed at 24 and 120 h, included optical density evaluation, bacterial DNA quantification by qPCR, and colony count. The results demonstrate that both Melaleuca alternifolia and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils, at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml, are capable of delivering similar effects to ampicillin, used as control, on the experimental samples. At the lower concentration, M. alternifolia essential oil seemed more effective when compared to R. officinalis. Overall, these findings strengthen the hypothesis of the potential use of phyto-complexes as antimicrobial agents for reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alice Prosperi
- Section of Parma, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via dei Mercati 13/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Diana G Scorpio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Emanuela Foni
- Section of Parma, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via dei Mercati 13/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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Zucchelli M, Bastianini S, Ventrella D, Barone F, Elmi A, Romagnoli N, Hitrec T, Berteotti C, Di Cristoforo A, Luppi M, Amici R, Bacci ML, Cerri M. Autonomic effects induced by pharmacological activation and inhibition of Raphe Pallidus neurons in anaesthetized adult pigs. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:281-285. [PMID: 31625617 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Raphe Pallidus (RPa) is a region of the brainstem that was shown to modulate the sympathetic outflow to many tissues and organs involved in thermoregulation and energy expenditure. In rodents, the pharmacological activation of RPa neurons was shown to increase the activity of the brown adipose tissue, heart rate, and expired CO2 , whereas their inhibition was shown to induce cutaneous vasodilation and a state of hypothermia that, when prolonged, leads to a state resembling torpor referred to as synthetic torpor. If translatable to humans, this synthetic torpor-inducing procedure would be advantageous in many clinical settings. A first step to explore such translatability, has been to verify whether the neurons within the RPa play the same role described for rodents in a larger mammal such as the pig. In the present study, we show that the physiological responses inducible by the pharmacological stimulation of RPa neurons are very similar to those observed in rodents. Injection of the GABAA agonist GABAzine in the RPa induced an increase in heart rate (from 99 to 174 bpm), systolic (from 87 to 170 mm Hg) and diastolic (from 51 to 98 mm Hg) arterial pressure, and end-tidal CO2 (from 49 to 62 mm Hg). All these changes were reversed by the injection in the same area of the GABAA agonist muscimol. These results support the possibility for RPa neurons to be a key target in the research for a safe and effective procedure for the induction of synthetic torpor in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mino Zucchelli
- Neurochirurgia Pediatrica, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianini
- Neurochirurgia Pediatrica, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Cristoforo
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Luppi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Amici
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Garofalo P, Ventrella D, Kersebaum KC, Gobin A, Trnka M, Giglio L, Dubrovský M, Castellini M. Water footprint of winter wheat under climate change: Trends and uncertainties associated to the ensemble of crop models. Sci Total Environ 2019; 658:1186-1208. [PMID: 30677982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change could undermine the future grain production as a consequence of increased temperature and drought condition or improve the crop performance owing to the increased CO2 in the atmosphere. Wheat water demand and yield are strictly related to climate conditions of the area where the plants are cropped. In this study, we assessed the future trends of grain yield and water consumption in two European regions, Germany (Continental region) and Italy (Mediterranean region) in the light of the multiple sources of uncertainty related to climate and yield forecasts. Four crop models were set up under combinations of two European climate regions, five Global Circulation Models and two Representative CO2 Concentration Pathways, 486 ppm and 540 ppm in 2050. Yield and water use were assessed under rainfed and irrigated regimes, and the water footprint of green water and total water was estimated. Our results indicated that projected yields were comparable (Mediterranean area) or even improved (+9%; Continental area) in rainfed conditions in comparison to the current trend; and water supply enhanced crop performance (+22% in Germany and +19% in Italy, as mean). Crop water consumption (both green and blue) remained stable in future projections but the water footprint was 5% lower on average in Italy and 23% in Germany when compared to the baseline. Despite the uncertainty in future predictions related to the factors analysed, our result indicated that current wheat production and its water footprint could become more favourable under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Garofalo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anne Gobin
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute (CzechGlobe), 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luisa Giglio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Martin Dubrovský
- Global Change Research Institute (CzechGlobe), 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mirko Castellini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Elmi A, Ventrella D, Laghi L, Carnevali G, Zhu C, Pertile G, Barone F, Benfenati F, Bacci ML. 1H NMR Spectroscopy Characterization of Porcine Vitreous Humor in Physiological and Photoreceptor Degeneration Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:741-747. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carnevali
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chenglin Zhu
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Pertile
- Ophthalmology Department, Sacro Cuore Hospital - Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Ophthalmology Department, Sacro Cuore Hospital - Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Barone F, Laghi L, Gianotti A, Ventrella D, Saa DLT, Bordoni A, Forni M, Brigidi P, Bacci ML, Turroni S. In Vivo Effects of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Bread on the Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolome, and on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in the Pig Model. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010016. [PMID: 30577558 PMCID: PMC6356388 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) is characterized by high content of proteins, bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, fructans, tocols, carotenoids, alkylresorcinols, and phytosterols, and lower α-, β-amylase and lipoxygenase activities compared to polyploid wheat. These features make einkorn flour a good candidate to provide healthier foods. In the present study, we investigated the effects of einkorn bread (EB) on the intestinal physiology and metabolism of the pig model by characterizing the glycemic and insulinemic response, and the microbiota and metabolome profiles. Sixteen commercial hybrid pigs were enrolled in the study; four pigs were used to characterize postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses and twelve pigs underwent a 30-day dietary intervention to assess microbiota and metabolome changes after EB or standard wheat bread (WB) consumption. The postprandial insulin rise after an EB meal was characterized by a lower absolute level, and, as also observed for glucose, by a biphasic shape in contrast to that in response to a WB meal. The consumption of EB led to enrichment in short-chain fatty acid producers (e.g., Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Oscillospira) in the gut microbiota and to higher metabolic diversity with lower content of succinate, probably related to improved absorption and therefore promoting intestinal gluconeogenesis. The observed changes, at both a compositional and metabolic scale, strongly suggest that EB consumption may support a health-promoting configuration of the intestinal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Hamidov A, Helming K, Bellocchi G, Bojar W, Dalgaard T, Ghaley BB, Hoffmann C, Holman I, Holzkämper A, Krzeminska D, Kværnø SH, Lehtonen H, Niedrist G, Øygarden L, Reidsma P, Roggero PP, Rusu T, Santos C, Seddaiu G, Skarbøvik E, Ventrella D, Żarski J, Schönhart M. Impacts of climate change adaptation options on soil functions: A review of European case-studies. Land Degrad Dev 2018; 29:2378-2389. [PMID: 30393451 PMCID: PMC6199005 DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soils are vital for supporting food security and other ecosystem services. Climate change can affect soil functions both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include temperature, precipitation, and moisture regime changes. Indirect effects include those that are induced by adaptations such as irrigation, crop rotation changes, and tillage practices. Although extensive knowledge is available on the direct effects, an understanding of the indirect effects of agricultural adaptation options is less complete. A review of 20 agricultural adaptation case-studies across Europe was conducted to assess implications to soil threats and soil functions and the link to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The major findings are as follows: (a) adaptation options reflect local conditions; (b) reduced soil erosion threats and increased soil organic carbon are expected, although compaction may increase in some areas; (c) most adaptation options are anticipated to improve the soil functions of food and biomass production, soil organic carbon storage, and storing, filtering, transforming, and recycling capacities, whereas possible implications for soil biodiversity are largely unknown; and (d) the linkage between soil functions and the SDGs implies improvements to SDG 2 (achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture) and SDG 13 (taking action on climate change), whereas the relationship to SDG 15 (using terrestrial ecosystems sustainably) is largely unknown. The conclusion is drawn that agricultural adaptation options, even when focused on increasing yields, have the potential to outweigh the negative direct effects of climate change on soil degradation in many European regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hamidov
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)Eberswalder Straße 8415374MünchebergGermany
- Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers (TIIAME)39 Kary‐Niyaziy StreetTashkent100000Uzbekistan
| | - Katharina Helming
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)Eberswalder Straße 8415374MünchebergGermany
- Faculty of Landscape Management and Nature ConservationUniversity for Sustainable Development (HNEE)Schickler Straße 516225EberswaldeGermany
| | - Gianni Bellocchi
- INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCA, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur Écosystème Prairial (UREP)63000Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Waldemar Bojar
- Faculty of ManagementUniversity of Science and TechnologyFordońska 430 St.85‐790BydgoszczPoland
| | - Tommy Dalgaard
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityBlichers Allé 20DK‐8830TjeleDenmark
| | - Bhim Bahadur Ghaley
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenHøjbakkegård Allé 30DK‐2630TaastrupDenmark
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Institute for Regional DevelopmentEuropean Academy of BolzanoViale Druso 139100BolzanoItaly
| | - Ian Holman
- Cranfield Water Science InstituteCranfield UniversityCranfieldBedfordMK43 0ALUK
| | - Annelie Holzkämper
- Agroscope, Climate and Agriculture GroupReckenholzstrasse 1918046ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Sigrun H. Kværnø
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NIBIOPostbox 1151431ÅsNorway
| | - Heikki Lehtonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Latokartanonkaari 9FI‐00790HelsinkiFinland
| | - Georg Niedrist
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEuropean Academy of BolzanoViale Druso 139100BolzanoItaly
| | - Lillian Øygarden
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NIBIOPostbox 1151431ÅsNorway
| | - Pytrik Reidsma
- Plant Production Systems groupWageningen University and ResearchP.O. Box 4306700 AKWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Pier Paolo Roggero
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Sassariviale Italia 3907100SassariItaly
- Desertification Research CentreUniversity of Sassariviale Italia 3907100SassariItaly
| | - Teodor Rusu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj‐NapocaManastur Street 3‐5400372Cluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Cristina Santos
- IFAPA‐Centro Alameda del Obispo, Junta de AndalucíaP.O. Box 309214080CórdobaSpain
| | - Giovanna Seddaiu
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Sassariviale Italia 3907100SassariItaly
- Desertification Research CentreUniversity of Sassariviale Italia 3907100SassariItaly
| | - Eva Skarbøvik
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NIBIOPostbox 1151431ÅsNorway
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA‐AA)Via Celso Ulpiani 570125BariItaly
| | - Jacek Żarski
- Faculty of Agriculture and BiotechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyBernardyńska St. 685029BydgoszczPoland
| | - Martin Schönhart
- Department of Economics and Social SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Feistmantelstraße 41180ViennaAustria
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Ventrella D, Elmi A, Barone F, Carnevali G, Govoni N, Bacci ML. Hair Testosterone and Cortisol Concentrations in Pre- and Post-Rut Roe Deer Bucks: Correlations with Blood Levels and Testicular Morphometric Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8070113. [PMID: 29986391 PMCID: PMC6071184 DOI: 10.3390/ani8070113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The roe deer is a seasonally breeding species with a reproductive cycle regulated by endogenous rhythms and photoperiod-sensitivity. Sexually mature bucks show hormonal and testicular activation during the reproductive season, with a peak in the rut period, and following gradual involution. Hair is a good matrix for non-invasive endocrinological analyses that provide long-term information without being influenced by the hormones’ pulsating release patterns in blood. The aim of the work was to quantify hair concentrations of testosterone and cortisol in wild roe deer bucks hunted during the pre- and post-rut period, using a radioimmunoassay methodology, and to look for differences between the two periods. The secondary objective was the evaluation of possible correlations of such hair concentrations with blood and morphometric parameters of the testes. Both hormones showed statistical differences, with opposing trends, when comparing the two periods: testosterone increased while cortisol decreased. The correlation analysis was in agreement with existing literature regarding metabolism/actions of these hormones and testicular morphometric parameters. This study represents the first report of the use of radioimmunoassay techniques to quantify testosterone and cortisol in roe deer hair, and may provide interesting insights into their reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Giacomo Carnevali
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Nadia Govoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
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Barone F, Nannoni E, Elmi A, Lambertini C, Scorpio DG, Ventrella D, Vitali M, Maya-Vetencourt JF, Martelli G, Benfenati F, Bacci ML. Behavioral Assessment of Vision in Pigs. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2018; 57:350-356. [PMID: 29966544 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-17-000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Swine (Sus scrofa) are often the 'gold standard' laboratory animal for ophthalmology research due to the anatomic and physiologic similarities between the porcine and human eye and retina. Despite the importance of this model, few tools for behavioral vision assessment in pigs are available. The aim of this study was to identify and validate a feasible and reproducible behavioral test to assess vision in a pig model of photoreceptor degeneration. In addition, a robust behavioral test will reduce stress and enhance enrichment by allowing animals opportunities for environmental exploration and by reducing the number of invasive experimental procedures. Two distinct behavioral approaches were tested: the obstacle-course test and temperament test. In the obstacle-course test, pigs were challenged (after an initial training period) to navigate a 10-object obstacle course; time and the number of collisions with the objects were recorded. In the temperament test, the time needed for pigs to complete 3 different tasks (human-approach, novel-object, and open-door tests) was recorded. The obstacle-course test revealed significant differences in time and number of collisions between swine with vision impairment and control animals, and the training period proved to be pivotal to avoid bias due to individual animal characteristics. In contrast, the temperament test was not altered by vision impairment but was validated to measure stress and behavioral alterations in laboratory pigs undergoing experimental procedures, thus achieving marked refinement of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Lambertini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Diana Gerardi Scorpio
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy;,
| | - Marika Vitali
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - José F Maya-Vetencourt
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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Elmi A, Banchelli F, Barone F, Fantinati P, Ventrella D, Forni M, Bacci ML. Semen evaluation and in vivo fertility in a Northern Italian pig farm: Can advanced statistical approaches compensate for low sample size? An observational study. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 192:61-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Botta S, de Prisco N, Marrocco E, Renda M, Sofia M, Curion F, Bacci ML, Ventrella D, Wilson C, Gesualdo C, Rossi S, Simonelli F, Surace EM. Targeting and silencing of rhodopsin by ectopic expression of the transcription factor KLF15. JCI Insight 2017; 2:96560. [PMID: 29263295 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome-wide activity of transcription factors (TFs) on multiple regulatory elements precludes their use as gene-specific regulators. Here we show that ectopic expression of a TF in a cell-specific context can be used to silence the expression of a specific gene as a therapeutic approach to regulate gene expression in human disease. We selected the TF Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) based on its putative ability to recognize a specific DNA sequence motif present in the rhodopsin (RHO) promoter and its lack of expression in terminally differentiated rod photoreceptors (the RHO-expressing cells). Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated ectopic expression of KLF15 in rod photoreceptors of pigs enables Rho silencing with limited genome-wide transcriptional perturbations. Suppression of a RHO mutant allele by KLF15 corrects the phenotype of a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa with no observed toxicity. Cell-specific-context conditioning of TF activity may prove a novel mode for somatic gene-targeted manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Marrocco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario Renda
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Sofia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiola Curion
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cathal Wilson
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Gesualdo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Surace
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Elmi A, Ventrella D, Barone F, Filippini G, Benvenuti S, Pisi A, Scozzoli M, Bacci ML. Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. and Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) Essential Oils: In Vitro Effects and Toxicity on Swine Spermatozoa. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122162. [PMID: 29211030 PMCID: PMC6149686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils possess a variety of biological properties (i.e., antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic) that could possibly be applied in reproductive medicine, but their effects on spermatozoa are still partially unknown. The aim of the study was to describe the effects of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. and Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) essential oils on the main morpho-functional parameters of swine spermatozoa. Essential oils were preliminary characterized by gas chromatography and added with emulsifiers to facilitate diffusion. Experimental samples were prepared by suspending a fixed number of spermatozoa in 5 mL of medium with 10 different concentrations of essential oil (0.2–2 mg/mL, at intervals of 0.2). After 3 h of incubation, samples were analyzed for pH, viability, objective motility, and acrosome status. Results showed that the effects of the essential oils are concentration-dependent and that R. officinalis is well tolerated up to 0.6 mg/mL. T. capitata impaired the spermatozoa starting from the lowest concentration, with complete spermicidal effect from 0.4 mg/mL. The patterns of damage, confirmed by SEM, were different and quite distinct. As expected, spermatozoa proved to be sensitive to external stimuli and capable of showing different functional patterns, providing interesting insights to the action/toxicity mechanisms. The results of the present work represent the first step towards the systematic characterization of the effects of these compounds on spermatozoa. This kind of studies are necessary to strengthen the idea of future applications of essential oils in the reproductive field due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, or spermicidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Filippini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Pisi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Maria L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
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Romagnoli N, Lambertini C, Ventrella D, Floriano D, Elmi A, Barone F, Bacci ML. Ultrasound guided spinal catheter insertion in piglet: preliminary results. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:1391-1396. [PMID: 29174210 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the ultrasound (US) evaluation of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal tracts in piglets and to evaluate the feasibility of the ultrasound guided spinal catheter placement in newborn and paediatric piglets. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental study. ANIMALS A total of two piglet cadavers (age, 7 and 14 days) and eight commercial crossbreed piglets divided into four groups according to age: 7 (P7), 14 (P14), 21 (P21) and 28 (P28) days. METHODS In the first part of the study an ultrasound examination of the spinal tract was performed in piglet cadavers applying the transverse and the longitudinal approaches in sternal and lateral recumbencies. In the second phase, the piglets were anaesthetized with sevoflurane. A US examination with a 10 MHz linear probe was performed and a spinal catheter was introduced between the spinous processes of L2 and L3 lumbar vertebrae using an in-plane technique and its advancement was monitored with the probe. At the end of procedure, the catheter was removed. The piglets recovered from anaesthesia and were monitored for one week. RESULTS In phase I the authors identified the paramedian longitudinal approach as the most feasible for spinal structure evaluation in piglets. In phase II, the paramedian longitudinal views enabled a good visualization of the spinal cord and of the catheter advancement up to the cisterna magna in groups P7 and P14. In groups P21 and P28 it was not possible to visualize the neuroaxial structures and the spinal catheter using the same approach. No clinical alterations were recorded during the procedure or the following days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE US-guided spinal catheter placement appeared a feasible technique in piglets younger than 14 days but it is not useful in older piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Lambertini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Floriano
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bryszewska MA, Laghi L, Zannoni A, Gianotti A, Barone F, Taneyo Saa DL, Bacci ML, Ventrella D, Forni M. Bioavailability of Microencapsulated Iron from Fortified Bread Assessed Using Piglet Model. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030272. [PMID: 28335378 PMCID: PMC5372935 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of oral iron supplementation, in the form of fortified breads, on the growth performance, health, iron status parameters, and fecal metabolome of anemic piglets. A study was conducted on 24 hybrid (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) piglets. From day 44, the post-natal 12 piglets were supplemented with 100 g of one of two experimental breads, each fortified with 21 mg of ferrous sulphate, either encapsulated or not. After one week of oral supplementation, hematological parameters (hematocrit value, hemoglobin, and red blood cells) showed statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). Piglets fed with the fortified breads had higher iron concentrations in the heart, liver, and intestinal mucosa compared to anemic piglets fed with control bread. Gene expression of hepcidin, iron exporter ferroportin (IREG1), and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), together with concentrations of plasma ferritin, showed no significant statistical differences between groups. Both fortified breads could be used as sources of bioavailable iron. The seven-day intervention trial showed microencapsulation to have only a mild effect on the effectiveness of iron supplementation in the form of fortified bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A Bryszewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland.
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Cesena 47521, Italy.
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Cesena 47521, Italy.
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Danielle L Taneyo Saa
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Cesena 47521, Italy.
| | - Maria L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
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Ventrella D, Dondi F, Barone F, Serafini F, Elmi A, Giunti M, Romagnoli N, Forni M, Bacci ML. The biomedical piglet: establishing reference intervals for haematology and clinical chemistry parameters of two age groups with and without iron supplementation. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:23. [PMID: 28095847 PMCID: PMC5240404 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The similarities between swine and humans in physiological and genomic patterns, and the great correlation in size and anatomy, make pigs extremely useful in preclinical studies. New-born piglets can represent a model for congenital and genetic diseases in new-born children. It is known that piglets may have significant differences in clinicopathological results compared to adult pigs. Therefore, adult laboratory reference intervals cannot be applied to piglets. The aim of this study was to compare haematological and chemical variables in piglets of two ages and determinate age-related reference intervals for commercial hybrid young pigs. Blood samples were collected under general anaesthesia from 130 animals divided into five- (P5) and 30- (P30) day-old piglets. Only P30 animals were treated with parenteral iron after birth. Samples were analysed using automated haematology (ADVIA 2120) and chemistry analysers, and age-related reference intervals were calculated. Results Significant higher values of RBC, Hb and HCT were observed in P30 animals when compared to P5, with an opposite trend for MCV. These results were associated with a reduction of the RBC regeneration process and the thrombopoietic response. The TSAT and TIBC were significantly higher in P30 compared to P5; however, piglets remained iron deficient compared to adult reference intervals reported previously. Conclusions In conclusion, this paper emphasises the high variability occurring in clinicopathological variables between new-born and 30-day-old pigs, and between piglets and adult pigs. This study provides valuable reference data for piglets at precise ages and could be used in the future as historical control improving the Reduction in animal experiments, as suggested by the 3Rs principle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0946-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Federica Serafini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Maria L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
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Romagnoli N, Buonacucina A, Lambertini C, Ventrella D, Peli A. Constant-Rate Infusion of Dexmedetomidine to Manage Thiopental Anesthesia during Intracranial Surgery in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2016; 55:801-804. [PMID: 27931320 PMCID: PMC5113883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Macaques (Macaca spp.) are often used as animal models in biomedical research involving a neurosurgical approach. The development of new anesthetic techniques is pivotal for these studies. Studies in human anesthesia for intracranial surgery have shown that dexmedetomidine infusion reduces the incidence of cardiocirculatory complications in the perioperative period, reduces the need for supplemental analgesia, and provides an analgesic effect analogous to that of remifentanil. Data regarding the anesthetic effects of dexmedetomidine infusion in NHP including Macaca spp. are currently unavailable. The study population comprised 5 healthy cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) that underwent intracranial surgery. On the day of surgery, the subjects were sedated with intramuscular ketamine (8 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (0.02 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with thiopental (3 mg/kg IV) and maintained by using constant-rate infusion of thiopental (3 mg/ kg/h); analgesia was provided by constant-rate infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.012 mg/kg/h). Atipamezole (0.1 mg/kg IM) was administered at the end of the surgical procedure. The median heart rate increased after sedation, reaching its highest level at 60 min (91.0 6.9 bpm); the highest systolic blood pressure (119.6 10.5 mm Hg) occurred at 75 min. No animal experienced respiratory arrest, and all recovered within 6 min after atipamezole administration. In cynomolgus macaques, dexmedetomidine constant-rate infusion provided adequate analgesia and stable hemodynamic control. Using dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to thiopental-maintained anesthesia may be advantageous in healthy NHP undergoing intracranial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Angelo Peli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
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Barone F, Ventrella D, Zannoni A, Forni M, Bacci ML. Can Microfiltered Seminal Plasma Preserve the Morphofunctional Characteristics of Porcine Spermatozoa in the Absence of Antibiotics? A Preliminary Study. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:604-10. [PMID: 27174664 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Artificial insemination is extensively performed in pig farms in Europe, the United States and Canada. Antibiotics are typically added to the inseminating dose to limit bacterial growth during liquid phase storage at 16°C, as bacterial contamination is unavoidable. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) take action to control and reduce antibiotic use in animals as more bacteria are becoming resistant to antimicrobials. To avoid the use of antibiotics, we prepared inseminating doses using microfiltered seminal plasma (SP). Microfiltration is a common technology used to reduce bacterial contamination but may retain seminal substances, influencing sperm quality during storage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphofunctional parameters of spermatozoa during storage at 16°C in doses prepared with or without microfiltered SP, with or without the addition of antibiotics, in a Latin square design. Artificial insemination doses with microfiltered SP and without antibiotic addition preserved spermatozoa viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome integrity and objective motility, with absolute values equal or even better than those observed in conventional doses. In conclusion, although the results could be considered preliminary due to the small sample size, this study suggests that microfiltration of SP can be a simple method, feasible on farms, to replace antibiotic use in extended doses stored in the liquid phase at 16°C for up to 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - M L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Sorrentino NC, Maffia V, Strollo S, Cacace V, Romagnoli N, Manfredi A, Ventrella D, Dondi F, Barone F, Giunti M, Graham AR, Huang Y, Kalled SL, Auricchio A, Bacci ML, Surace EM, Fraldi A. A Comprehensive Map of CNS Transduction by Eight Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Serotypes Upon Cerebrospinal Fluid Administration in Pigs. Mol Ther 2015; 24:276-286. [PMID: 26639405 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors has been demonstrated to be effective in delivering therapeutic genes to the central nervous system (CNS) in different disease animal models. However, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of transduction patterns of the most promising rAAV serotypes for brain targeting in large animal models is missing. Here, we characterize distribution, transduction efficiency, and cellular targeting of rAAV serotypes 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, rh.10, rh.39, and rh.43 delivered into the cisterna magna of wild-type pigs. rAAV9 showed the highest transduction efficiency and the widest distribution capability among the vectors tested. Moreover, rAAV9 robustly transduced both glia and neurons, including the motor neurons of the spinal cord. Relevant cell transduction specificity of the glia was observed after rAAV1 and rAAV7 delivery. rAAV7 also displayed a specific tropism to Purkinje cells. Evaluation of biochemical and hematological markers suggested that all rAAV serotypes tested were well tolerated. This study provides a comprehensive CNS transduction map in a useful preclinical large animal model enabling the selection of potentially clinically transferable rAAV serotypes based on disease specificity. Therefore, our data are instrumental for the clinical evaluation of these rAAV vectors in human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica Maffia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Strollo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cacace
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Manfredi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anne-Renee Graham
- Shire, Discovery Biology and Translational Research, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Shire, Discovery Biology and Translational Research, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan L Kalled
- Shire, Discovery Biology and Translational Research, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "FEDERICO II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Surace
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "FEDERICO II" University, Naples, Italy.
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Lambertini C, Ventrella D, Barone F, Sorrentino NC, Dondi F, Fraldi A, Giunti M, Surace EM, Bacci ML, Romagnoli N. Transdermal spinal catheter placement in piglets: Description and validation of the technique. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 255:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Romagnoli N, Zambelli D, Cunto M, Lambertini C, Ventrella D, Baron Toaldo M. Non-invasive evaluation of the haemodynamic effects of high-dose medetomidine in healthy cats for semen collection. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 18:337-43. [PMID: 25944580 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15583345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess non-invasively the cardiovascular effects of high-dose medetomidine on healthy male cats undergoing semen collection. METHODS Haemodynamic evaluations were assessed on the basis of clinical examination, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and transthoracic echocardiographic examination. Eight client owned, male domestic shorthair cats were sedated with a bolus of medetomidine intramuscularly (IM; 0.13 mg/kg), and semen collection was performed. A second transthoracic echocardiographic examination and SAP measurement were carried out 15 mins after sedation. At the end of the examination, the patients received a bolus of atipamezole (0.3 mg/kg) IM. RESULTS The cats were deeply sedated, relaxed and laterally recumbent during the entire procedure. No rhythm abnormalities were observed during the examinations and no significant increase in SAP was recorded. Heart rate dropped from 200 ± 33 to 92 ± 13.1 beats per min after sedation. There was a significant increase in left ventricular dimensions and the left atrial area. The parameters of left ventricular systolic function were reduced, as were systemic and pulmonary cardiac outputs. Peak diastolic wave velocities were significantly reduced, while isovolumic contraction and relaxation time of the left ventricle were prolonged. Aortic valve insufficiency was recorded for all cats, while mitral valve insufficiency was noted in five cats. None of the subjects developed systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The protocol allowed us to collect good semen samples in healthy cats. However, high-dose medetomidine induces significant haemodynamic effects on the feline heart, mainly due to a reduced heart rate, an increased cardiac preload and impaired systolic function. The animals recovered from the anaesthesia, after antagonist administration, without showing any clinically relevant consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Zambelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Cunto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Lambertini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Baron Toaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Bianchi B, Papajova I, Tamborrino R, Ventrella D, Vitti C. Characterization of composting mixtures and compost of rabbit by-products to obtain a quality product and plant proposal for industrial production. Vet Ital 2015; 51:51-61. [PMID: 25842214 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.138.388.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have observed the effects of using rabbit manure and slaughtering by-products in a composting process. Three piles of this material, 4700 kg each, with different amount and C/N ratio, have been investigated and experimental tests were carried out in an industrial horizontal axe reactor using a prototype of turning machine. The composting time lasted 85 days; 2 experimental cycles were conducted: one in Winter and one in Summer. In the Winter test, mesophilic reaction started only in the control mixture (animal manure + slaughtering by-products without straw). It is noteworthy that, the 3 investigated mixtures produced soil amendment by compost with good agronomical potential but with parameters close to the extreme limits of the law. In the Summer test, there was thermophilic fermentation in all mixtures and a better quality compost was obtained, meeting all the agronomic and legislative constraints. For each pile, we examined the progression of fermentation process and thus the plant limitations that did not allow a correct composting process. The results obtained in this study are useful for the development of appropriate mixtures, machines, and plants assuring continuance and reliability in the composting of the biomass coming from rabbit industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Bianchi
- Departement of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari, Italy
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Romagnoli N, Ventrella D, Giunti M, Dondi F, Sorrentino NC, Fraldi A, Surace EM, Bacci ML. Access to cerebrospinal fluid in piglets via the cisterna magna: optimization and description of the technique. Lab Anim 2014; 48:345-8. [PMID: 24968696 DOI: 10.1177/0023677214540881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The collection of cerebrospinal fluid is necessary in order to determine its composition. It can then be used to diagnose various diseases. The aim of the study was to develop and optimize a technique for performing safe centesis for the collection of cerebrospinal fluid in piglets and its injection through the cisterna magna. The study was divided into three phases: (1) anatomical study of cadavers, (2) in vivo application of the technique and (3) observation of recovery time. The proposed technique resulted in a safe puncture of the cisterna magna. The authors identified and confirmed the correspondence of the crista occipitalis and the wings of the atlas with the external landmarks on the cadaver by means of direct radiological visualization. The punctures were performed successfully at the first attempt in 11 out of 12 anaesthetized piglets. The technique herein described provides a reproducible safe and easy route for approaching the cisterna magna for cerebrospinal fluid collection, drug administration and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Lestingi A, Bovera F, De Giorgio D, Ventrella D, Tateo A. Effects of tillage and nitrogen fertilisation on triticale grain yield, chemical composition and nutritive value. J Sci Food Agric 2010; 90:2440-2446. [PMID: 20648526 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the interest in the development of cultivation systems with low agronomic input and environmental impact, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of tillage system (conventional tillage (CT), two-layer tillage (TT), surface tillage (ST) and minimum tillage (MT)) and nitrogen (N) fertilisation rate (0, 50 and 100 kg ha(-1)) on triticale grain and protein yields, chemical composition and nutritive value. RESULTS There were no significant differences among tillage treatments in grain and protein yields. ST resulted in significantly higher crude protein (CP) and true soluble protein (TSP) contents as well as in vitro crude protein digestibility (CPD). Neutral detergent fibre concentration was significantly higher with ST than with MT, and this led to a small reduction (2 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM)) in in vitro true DM digestibility (IVTDMD). N fertilisation significantly increased grain and protein yields as well as CP, non-protein nitrogen and TSP contents and CPD. IVTDMD was significantly lower with 0 kg N ha(-1) than with 50 and 100 kg N ha(-1). CONCLUSION Reducing tillage intensity improved the CP content and CPD of triticale grain. The application of 50 kg N ha(-1) resulted in good grain quality parameters and grain and protein yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lestingi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Eitzinger J, Kubu G, Alexandrov V, Utset A, Mihailovic DT, Lalic B, Trnka M, Zalud Z, Semeradova D, Ventrella D, Anastasiou DP, Medany M, Altaher S, Olejnik J, Lesny J, Nemeshko N, Nikolaev M, Simota C, Cojocaru G. Adaptation of vulnerable regional agricultural systems in Europe to climate change – results from the ADAGIO project. Adv Sci Res 2009. [DOI: 10.5194/asr-3-133-2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. During 2007-2009 the ADAGIO project (http://www.adagio-eu.org) is carried out to evaluate regional adaptation options in agriculture in most vulnerable European regions (mediterranean, central and eastern European regions). In this context a bottom-up approach is used beside the top-down approach of using scientific studies, involving regional experts and farmers in the evaluation of potential regional vulnerabilities and adaptation options. Preliminary results of the regional studies and gathered feedback from experts and farmers show in general that (increasing) drought and heat are the main factors having impact on agricultural vulnerability not only in the Mediterranean region, but also in the Central and southern Eastern European regions. Another important aspect is that the increasing risk of pest and diseases may play a more important role for agricultural vulnerability than assumed before, however, till now this field is only rarely investigated in Europe. Although dominating risks such as increasing drought and heat are similar in most regions, the vulnerabilities in the different regions are very much influenced by characteristics of the dominating agroecosystems and prevailing socio-economic conditions. This will be even be more significant for potential adaptation measures at the different levels, which have to reflect the regional conditions.
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