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Pernicová N, Urban O, Čáslavský J, Kolář T, Rybníček M, Sochová I, Peñuelas J, Bošeľa M, Trnka M. Impacts of elevated CO 2 levels and temperature on photosynthesis and stomatal closure along an altitudinal gradient are counteracted by the rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:171173. [PMID: 38401718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of water use in plants, a critical ecophysiological parameter closely related to water and carbon cycles, is essential for understanding the interactions between plants and their environment. This study investigates the effects of ongoing climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration on intrinsic (stomata-based; iWUE) and evaporative (transpiration-based; eWUE) water use efficiency in oak trees along a naturally small altitudinal gradient (130-630 m a.s.l.) of Vihorlat Mountains (eastern Slovakia, Central Europe). To assess changes in iWUE and eWUE values over the past 60 years (1961-2020), stable carbon isotope ratios in latewood cellulose (δ13Ccell) of annually resolved tree rings were analyzed. Such an approach was sensitive enough to distinguish tree responses to growth environments at different altitudes. Our findings revealed a rising trend in iWUE, particularly in oak trees at low and middle altitudes. However, this increase was negligible at high altitudes. Warmer and drier conditions at lower altitudes likely led to significant stomatal closure and enhanced efficiency in photosynthetic CO2 uptake due to rising CO2 concentration. Conversely, the increasing intracellular-to-ambient CO2 ratio (Ci/Ca) at higher altitudes indicated lower efficiency in photosynthetic CO2 uptake. In contrast to iWUE, eWUE showed no increasing trends over the last 60 years. This suggests that the positive impacts of elevated CO2 concentrations and temperature on photosynthesis and stomatal closure are counteracted by the rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). These differences underscore the importance of the correct interpretation of stomata-based and transpiration-based WUEs and highlight the necessity of atmospheric VPD correction when applying tree-ring δ13C-derived WUE at ecosystem and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natálie Pernicová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Čáslavský
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Sochová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michal Bošeľa
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Torbenson MC, Brázdil R, Stagge JH, Esper J, Büntgen U, Vizina A, Hanel M, Rakovec O, Fischer M, Urban O, Treml V, Reinig F, Martinez del Castillo E, Rybníček M, Kolář T, Trnka M. Increasing volatility of reconstructed Morava River warm-season flow, Czech Republic. J Hydrol Reg Stud 2023; 50:101534. [PMID: 38145056 PMCID: PMC10739599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Study region The Morava River basin, Czech Republic, Danube Basin, Central Europe. Study focus Hydrological summer extremes represent a prominent natural hazard in Central Europe. River low flows constrain transport and water supply for agriculture, industry and society, and flood events are known to cause material damage and human loss. However, understanding changes in the frequency and magnitude of hydrological extremes is associated with great uncertainty due to the limited number of gauge observations. Here, we compile a tree-ring network to reconstruct the July-September baseflow variability of the Morava River from 1745 to 2018 CE. An ensemble of reconstructions was produced to assess the impact of calibration period length and trend on the long-term mean of reconstruction estimates. The final estimates represent the first baseflow reconstruction based on tree rings from the European continent. Simulated flows and historical documentation provide quantitative and qualitative validation of estimates prior to the 20th century. New hydrological insights for the region The reconstructions indicate an increased variability of warm-season flow during the past 100 years, with the most extreme high and low flows occurring after the start of instrumental observations. When analyzing the entire reconstruction, the negative trend in baseflow displayed by gauges across the basin after 1960 is not unprecedented. We conjecture that even lower flows could likely occur in the future considering that pre-instrumental trends were not primarily driven by rising temperature (and the evaporative demand) in contrast to the recent trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C.A. Torbenson
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Brázdil
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James H. Stagge
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Jan Esper
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Adam Vizina
- T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hanel
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Rakovec
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Milan Fischer
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Treml
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Reinig
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Pernicová N, Hlaváčová M, Findurová H, Čáslavský J, Urban O, Klem K, Trnka M. Grain carbon isotopes indicate the ability of wheat plants to maintain enhanced intrinsic water-use efficiency even after short-term exposure to high temperatures and drought. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 205:108155. [PMID: 37952365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing the impact of heat and drought on crop yields requires varieties with effective protective mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that even a short-term high temperature amplifies the negative effects of reduced water availability on leaf gas-exchange, but can induce long-lasting improvement in plant water-use efficiency after the stress period. Accordingly, three common varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) were grown under field conditions. During the stem extension, the plants were exposed to distinct temperatures (daily maximum 26 vs. 38 °C), water availabilities (75% of field water capacity vs. permanent wilting point), and their combination for 14 days. All treatments reduced light-saturated rates of CO2 assimilation and transpiration, particularly when heat and drought were combined. Drought enhanced water-use efficiency (WUE) in all varieties (31.4-36.4%), but not at high temperatures (decrease by 17-52%). Intrinsic WUE (iWUE), determined from the stable carbon isotope composition of grains, was enhanced by 7.9-37% in all treatments and varieties; however, not all changes were significant. The combination of heat and drought tended to increase total protein content in grains but reduced spike productivity. Noticeably, the strongest decline in spike productivity was observed in Elan - the variety displaying the smallest enhancement of iWUE, while it was negligible in Pannonia which shows the most pronounced improvement of iWUE. We conclude that even several hot and dry days can improve iWUE for the rest of the vegetation season. This improvement, however, does not necessarily lead to increased crop productivity possibly due to physiological trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natálie Pernicová
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Hlaváčová
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Findurová
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Čáslavský
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Klem
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Čejka T, Trnka M, Büntgen U. Sustainable cultivation of the white truffle (Tuber magnatum) requires ecological understanding. Mycorrhiza 2023; 33:291-302. [PMID: 37462722 PMCID: PMC10752849 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The white truffle (Tuber magnatum Picco.; WT) is the most expensive and arguably also the most delicious species within the genus Tuber. Due to its hidden belowground life cycle, complex host symbiosis, and yet unknown distribution, cultivation of the enigmatic species has only recently been achieved at some plantations in France. A sustainable production of WTs under future climate change, however, requires a better ecological understanding of the species' natural occurrence. Here, we combine information from truffle hunters with a literature review to assess the climatic, edaphic, geographic, and symbiotic characteristics of 231 reported WT sites in southeast Europe. Our meta-study shows that 75% of the WT sites are located outside the species' most famous harvest region, the Piedmont in northern Italy. Spanning a wide geographic range from ~ 37° N in Sicily to ~ 47° N in Hungary, and elevations between sea level in the north and 1000 m asl in the south, all WT sites are characterised by mean winter temperatures > 0.4 °C and summer precipitation totals of ~ 50 mm. Often formed during past flood or landslide events, current soil conditions of the WT sites exhibit pH levels between 6.4 and 8.7, high macroporosity, and a cation exchange capacity of ~ 17 meq/100 g. At least 26 potential host species from 12 genera were reported at the WT sites, with Populus alba and Quercus cerris accounting for 23.5% of all plant species. We expect our findings to contribute to a sustainable WT industry under changing environmental and economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Čejka
- Department of Climate Change Impacts On Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Department of Climate Change Impacts On Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Climate Change Impacts On Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
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Mozny M, Trnka M, Vlach V, Zalud Z, Cejka T, Hajkova L, Potopova V, Semenov MA, Semeradova D, Büntgen U. Climate-induced decline in the quality and quantity of European hops calls for immediate adaptation measures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6028. [PMID: 37816707 PMCID: PMC10564787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent rise in the global brewery sector has increased the demand for high-quality, late summer hops. The effects of ongoing and predicted climate change on the yield and aroma of hops, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we combine meteorological measurements and model projections to assess the climate sensitivity of the yield, alpha content and cone development of European hops between 1970 and 2050 CE, when temperature increases by 1.4 °C and precipitation decreases by 24 mm. Accounting for almost 90% of all hop-growing regions, our results from Germany, the Czech Republic and Slovenia show that hop ripening started approximately 20 days earlier, production declined by almost 0.2 t/ha/year, and the alpha content decreased by circa 0.6% when comparing data before and after 1994 CE. A predicted decline in hop yield and alpha content of 4-18% and 20-31% by 2050 CE, respectively, calls for immediate adaptation measures to stabilize an ever-growing global sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mozny
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60300, Brno, Czechia.
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czechia.
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, 14306, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60300, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Vlach
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, 14306, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Zalud
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60300, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Cejka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60300, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Hajkova
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, 14306, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vera Potopova
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60300, Brno, Czechia
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Daniela Semeradova
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60300, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60300, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB23EN, UK
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61300, Brno, Czechia
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Zandlová M, Skokanová H, Trnka M. Landscape Change Scenarios: Developing Participatory Tools for Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change. Environ Manage 2023:10.1007/s00267-023-01840-x. [PMID: 37289248 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of climate change on people and ecosystems have been studied at both local and global levels. The environment is expected to change significantly, and the role of local communities in shaping more resilient landscapes is considered crucial. This research focuses on rural regions highly susceptible to climate change impacts. The objective was to enhance conditions for climate resilient development on a microlocal level by encouraging diverse stakeholders to participate in developing sustainable landscape management. This paper introduces a novel interdisciplinary mixed-method approach to landscape scenario development, combining research-driven and participatory approaches and integrating quantitative methods with qualitative ethnographic inquiry. Two scenarios for 2050 were built: a research-driven, business-as-usual scenario accounting for mandatory adaptation policies and an optimistic scenario combining research-driven and participatory approaches, including additional feasible community-based measures. While the differences between the projected land use seem to be relatively subtle, the optimistic scenario would in fact lead to a considerably more resilient landscape. The results highlight the role of interdisciplinarity and ethnography in gaining good local knowledge and building an atmosphere of trust. These factors supported the research credibility, strengthened the legitimacy of the intervention in local affairs, and contributed to the active participation of the stakeholders. We argue that despite its time, intense effort and limited direct policy impact, the mixed-method approach is highly suitable for the microlocal level. It encourages citizens to think about how their environment is threatened by climate change impacts and increases their willingness to contribute to climate resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Zandlová
- Charles University, Faculty of Humanities, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Skokanová
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
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Hruška J, Oulehle F, Chuman T, Kolář T, Rybníček M, Trnka M, McDowell WH. Forest growth responds more to air pollution than soil acidification. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0256976. [PMID: 36888624 PMCID: PMC9994739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The forests of central Europe have undergone remarkable transitions in the past 40 years as air quality has improved dramatically. Retrospective analysis of Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree rings in the Czech Republic shows that air pollution (e.g. SO2 concentrations, high acidic deposition to the forest canopy) plays a dominant role in driving forest health. Extensive soil acidification occurred in the highly polluted "Black Triangle" in Central Europe, and upper mineral soils are still acidified. In contrast, acidic atmospheric deposition declined by 80% and atmospheric SO2 concentration by 90% between the late 1980s and 2010s. In this study we oserved that annual tree ring width (TRW) declined in the 1970s and subsequently recovered in the 1990s, tracking SO2 concentrations closely. Furthermore, recovery of TRW was similar in unlimed and limed stands. Despite large increases in soil base saturation, as well as soil pH, as a result of repeated liming starting in 1981, TRW growth was similar in limed and unlimed plots. TRW recovery was interrupted in 1996 when highly acidic rime (originating from more pronounced decline of alkaline dust than SO2 from local power plants) injured the spruce canopy, but recovered soon to the pre-episode growth. Across the long-term site history, changes in soil chemistry (pH, base saturation, Bc/Al soil solution ratio) cannot explain observed changes in TRW at the two study sites where we tracked soil chemistry. Instead, statistically significant recovery in TRW is linked to the trajectory of annual SO2 concentrations or sulfur deposition at all three stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hruška
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Filip Oulehle
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Chuman
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - William H. McDowell
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States of America
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Orság M, Fischer M, Trnka M, Brotan J, Pozníková G, Žalud Z. Trends in Air Temperature and Precipitation in Southeastern Czech Republic, 1961-2020. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2022. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Oulehle F, Tahovská K, Ač A, Kolář T, Rybníček M, Čermák P, Štěpánek P, Trnka M, Urban O, Hruška J. Changes in forest nitrogen cycling across deposition gradient revealed by δ 15N in tree rings. Environ Pollut 2022; 304:119104. [PMID: 35301033 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree rings provide valuable insight into past environmental changes. This study aimed to evaluate perturbations in tree ring width (TRW) and δ15N alongside soil acidity and nutrient availability gradients caused by the contrasting legacy of air pollution (nitrogen [N] and sulphur [S] deposition) and tree species (European beech, Silver fir and Norway spruce). We found consistent declines of tree ring δ15N, which were temporarily unrelated to the changes in the TRW. The rate of δ15N change in tree rings was related to the contemporary foliar carbon (C) to phosphorus (P) ratio. This observation suggested that the long-term accumulation of 15N depleted N in tree rings, likely mediated by retained N from deposition, was restricted primarily to stands with currently higher P availability. The shifts observed in tree-ring δ15N and TRW suggest that acidic air pollution rather than changes in stand productivity determined alteration of N and C cycles. Stable N isotopes in tree rings provided helpful information on the trajectory of the N cycle over the last century with direct consequences for a better understanding of future interactions among N, P and C cycles in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21, Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Tahovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Ač
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Čermák
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21, Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Čejka T, Thomas PW, Oliach D, Stobbe U, Egli S, Tegel W, Centenaro G, Sproll L, Bagi I, Trnka M, Büntgen U. Understanding the performance of truffle dogs. J Vet Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Trnka M, Bartošová L, Grammatikopoulou I, Havlík P, Olesen JE, Hlavinka P, Marek MV, Vačkářová D, Skjelvåg A, Žalud Z. The Possibility of Consensus Regarding Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Agriculture and Forestry among Stakeholder Groups in the Czech Republic. Environ Manage 2022; 69:128-139. [PMID: 34453592 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As ongoing research efforts contribute to elucidating the consequences of climate change as well as adaptation and mitigation options, aligning the current research knowledge with stakeholder opinions and perceptions remains critical for adopting effective climate change policies. This paper utilizes an interactive survey to (1) address the aforementioned gap in studies involving three groups of stakeholders and opinion makers and (2) perform a comparative primary study of the climate change assumptions, risk perceptions, policy preferences, observations, and knowledge of Czech farmers, governmental policy-makers and researchers. This study shows that the stakeholder groups agree that the climate is clearly changing, attribute this change mostly to man-made causes and expect the negative effects to either prevail or be unevenly geographically distributed. The large majority of all three groups consider unmitigated climate change a major threat even by 2050 and agree that preparing in advance is the best sectoral strategy. Importantly, while investment in adaptation measures is considered the most efficient tool for accelerating the implementation of adaptation measures, the CAP and EU rules (as valid in 2016) are believed to hinder such measures. The results of this study have ramifications for the wider region of Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Bartošová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Grammatikopoulou
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Havlík
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8820, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Petr Hlavinka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, Brno, Czech Republic
- Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal V Marek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Davina Vačkářová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Arne Skjelvåg
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Frederik A. Dahls veg 18, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Zdeněk Žalud
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Frederik A. Dahls veg 18, 1432, Ås, Norway
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12
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Čejka T, Trnka M, Krusic PJ, Stobbe U, Oliach D, Václavík T, Tegel W, Büntgen U. Predicted climate change will increase the truffle cultivation potential in central Europe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21281. [PMID: 33277535 PMCID: PMC7719165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change affects the distribution of many species, including Burgundy and Périgord truffles in central and southern Europe, respectively. The cultivation potential of these high-prized cash crops under future warming, however, remains highly uncertain. Here we perform a literature review to define the ecological requirements for the growth of both truffle species. This information is used to develop niche models, and to estimate their cultivation potential in the Czech Republic under current (2020) and future (2050) climate conditions. The Burgundy truffle is already highly suitable for cultivation on ~ 14% of agricultural land in the Czech Republic (8486 km2), whereas only ~ 8% of the warmest part of southern Moravia are currently characterised by a low suitability for Périgord truffles (6418 km2). Though rising temperatures under RCP8.5 will reduce the highly suitable cultivation areas by 7%, the 250 km2 (3%) expansion under low-emission scenarios will stimulate Burgundy truffles to benefit from future warming. Doubling the moderate and expanding the highly suitable land by 352 km2 in 2050, the overall cultivation potential for Périgord truffles will rise substantially. Our findings suggest that Burgundy and Périgord truffles could become important high-value crops for many regions in central Europe with alkaline soils. Although associated with uncertainty, long-term investments in truffle cultivation could generate a wide range of ecological and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Čejka
- Department of Climate Change Impacts On Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Department of Climate Change Impacts On Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul J Krusic
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK.,Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Stobbe
- Deutsche Trüffelbäume, Karl-Bücheler Strasse 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Daniel Oliach
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Crta. Sant Llorenç de Morunys km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain.,Department of Crop and Forest Science, University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Tomáš Václavík
- Department of Climate Change Impacts On Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Willy Tegel
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Climate Change Impacts On Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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13
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Harkness C, Semenov MA, Areal F, Senapati N, Trnka M, Balek J, Bishop J. Adverse weather conditions for UK wheat production under climate change. Agric For Meteorol 2020; 282-283:107862. [PMID: 32184532 PMCID: PMC7001962 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Winter wheat is an important crop in the UK, suited to the typical weather conditions in the current climate. In a changing climate the increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events, which are often localised, are considered a major threat to wheat production. In the present study we assessed a range of adverse weather conditions, which can significantly affect yield, under current and future climates based on adverse weather indices. We analysed changes in the frequency, magnitude and spatial patterns of 10 adverse weather indices, at 25 sites across the UK, using climate scenarios from the CMIP5 ensemble of global climate models (GCMs) and two greenhouse gas emissions (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The future UK climate is expected to remain favourable for wheat production, with most adverse weather indicators reducing in magnitude by the mid-21st century. Hotter and drier summers would improve sowing and harvesting conditions and reduce the risk of lodging. The probability of late frosts and heat stress during reproductive and grain filling periods would likely remain small in 2050. Wetter winter and spring could cause issues with waterlogging. The severity of drought stress during reproduction would generally be lower in 2050, however localised differences suggest it is important to examine drought at a small spatial scale. Prolonged water stress does not increase considerably in the UK, as may be expected in other parts of Europe. Climate projections based on the CMIP5 ensemble reveal considerable uncertainty in the magnitude of adverse weather conditions including waterlogging, drought and water stress. The variation in adverse weather conditions due to GCMs was generally greater than between emissions scenarios. Accordingly, CMIP5 ensembles should be used in the assessment of adverse weather conditions for crop production to indicate the full range of possible impacts, which a limited number of GCMs may not provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Harkness
- School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AH, United Kingdom
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhail A. Semenov
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Areal
- Centre for Rural Economy, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Agriculture Building, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Nimai Senapati
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute (CzechGlobe), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balek
- Global Change Research Institute (CzechGlobe), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jacob Bishop
- School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AH, United Kingdom
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14
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Jurečka F, Možný M, Balek J, Žalud Z, Trnka M. Comparison of Methods for the Assessment of Fire Danger in the Czech Republic. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2019. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967051285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Trnka M, Feng S, Semenov MA, Olesen JE, Kersebaum KC, Rötter RP, Semerádová D, Klem K, Huang W, Ruiz-Ramos M, Hlavinka P, Meitner J, Balek J, Havlík P, Büntgen U. Mitigation efforts will not fully alleviate the increase in water scarcity occurrence probability in wheat-producing areas. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau2406. [PMID: 31579815 PMCID: PMC6760931 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of severe water scarcity (SWS) events, which negatively affect rain-fed crops such as wheat, a key source of calories and protein for humans. Here, we develop a method to simultaneously quantify SWS over the world's entire wheat-growing area and calculate the probabilities of multiple/sequential SWS events for baseline and future climates. Our projections show that, without climate change mitigation (representative concentration pathway 8.5), up to 60% of the current wheat-growing area will face simultaneous SWS events by the end of this century, compared to 15% today. Climate change stabilization in line with the Paris Agreement would substantially reduce the negative effects, but they would still double between 2041 and 2070 compared to current conditions. Future assessments of production shocks in food security should explicitly include the risk of severe, prolonged, and near-simultaneous droughts across key world wheat-producing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
- Mendel University in Brno, Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. (M.T.); (S.F.)
| | - Song Feng
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.T.); (S.F.)
| | - Mikhail A. Semenov
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jørgen E. Olesen
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kurt Christian Kersebaum
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Reimund P. Rötter
- Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Semerádová
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | - Petr Hlavinka
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
- Mendel University in Brno, Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Meitner
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balek
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Havlík
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place CB2 3EN, UK
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Jakubínský J, Bláhová M, Bartošová L, Steinerová K, Balek J, Dížková P, Semerádová D, Alexandru D, Bardarska G, Bokal S, Borojević G, Bucur A, Kalin KC, Barbu AC, Debre B, Đorđević M, Đurić I, Mircea BF, Gatarić S, Gregorič G, Hasenauer S, Ivanov M, Kircsi A, Labudová L, Turňa M, Marinović I, Marković M, Mateescu E, Oblišar G, Popescu A, Srđević Z, Savić-Šljivić T, Supić D, Sušnik A, Pazin N, Drljevic M, Kuc T, Mitrovic L, Micev S, Wagner W, Eitzinger J, Daneu V, Blauhut V, Stahl K, Trnka M. Repository of Drought Event Impacts Across the Danube Catchment Countries Between 1981 and 2016 Using Publicly Available Sources. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2019. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Garofalo P, Ventrella D, Kersebaum KC, Gobin A, Trnka M, Giglio L, Dubrovský M, Castellini M. Water footprint of winter wheat under climate change: Trends and uncertainties associated to the ensemble of crop models. Sci Total Environ 2019; 658:1186-1208. [PMID: 30677982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change could undermine the future grain production as a consequence of increased temperature and drought condition or improve the crop performance owing to the increased CO2 in the atmosphere. Wheat water demand and yield are strictly related to climate conditions of the area where the plants are cropped. In this study, we assessed the future trends of grain yield and water consumption in two European regions, Germany (Continental region) and Italy (Mediterranean region) in the light of the multiple sources of uncertainty related to climate and yield forecasts. Four crop models were set up under combinations of two European climate regions, five Global Circulation Models and two Representative CO2 Concentration Pathways, 486 ppm and 540 ppm in 2050. Yield and water use were assessed under rainfed and irrigated regimes, and the water footprint of green water and total water was estimated. Our results indicated that projected yields were comparable (Mediterranean area) or even improved (+9%; Continental area) in rainfed conditions in comparison to the current trend; and water supply enhanced crop performance (+22% in Germany and +19% in Italy, as mean). Crop water consumption (both green and blue) remained stable in future projections but the water footprint was 5% lower on average in Italy and 23% in Germany when compared to the baseline. Despite the uncertainty in future predictions related to the factors analysed, our result indicated that current wheat production and its water footprint could become more favourable under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Garofalo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anne Gobin
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute (CzechGlobe), 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luisa Giglio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Martin Dubrovský
- Global Change Research Institute (CzechGlobe), 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mirko Castellini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy
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18
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Rodríguez A, Ruiz-Ramos M, Palosuo T, Carter T, Fronzek S, Lorite I, Ferrise R, Pirttioja N, Bindi M, Baranowski P, Buis S, Cammarano D, Chen Y, Dumont B, Ewert F, Gaiser T, Hlavinka P, Hoffmann H, Höhn J, Jurecka F, Kersebaum K, Krzyszczak J, Lana M, Mechiche-Alami A, Minet J, Montesino M, Nendel C, Porter J, Ruget F, Semenov M, Steinmetz Z, Stratonovitch P, Supit I, Tao F, Trnka M, de Wit A, Rötter R. Implications of crop model ensemble size and composition for estimates of adaptation effects and agreement of recommendations. Agric For Meteorol 2019; 264:351-362. [PMID: 31007324 PMCID: PMC6472678 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to severely affect cropping systems and food production in many parts of the world unless local adaptation can ameliorate these impacts. Ensembles of crop simulation models can be useful tools for assessing if proposed adaptation options are capable of achieving target yields, whilst also quantifying the share of uncertainty in the simulated crop impact resulting from the crop models themselves. Although some studies have analysed the influence of ensemble size on model outcomes, the effect of ensemble composition has not yet been properly appraised. Moreover, results and derived recommendations typically rely on averaged ensemble simulation results without accounting sufficiently for the spread of model outcomes. Therefore, we developed an Ensemble Outcome Agreement (EOA) index, which analyses the effect of changes in composition and size of a multi-model ensemble (MME) to evaluate the level of agreement between MME outcomes with respect to a given hypothesis (e.g. that adaptation measures result in positive crop responses). We analysed the recommendations of a previous study performed with an ensemble of 17 crop models and testing 54 adaptation options for rainfed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Lleida (NE Spain) under perturbed conditions of temperature, precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Our results confirmed that most adaptations recommended in the previous study have a positive effect. However, we also showed that some options did not remain recommendable in specific conditions if different ensembles were considered. Using EOA, we were able to identify the adaptation options for which there is high confidence in their effectiveness at enhancing yields, even under severe climate perturbations. These include substituting spring wheat for winter wheat combined with earlier sowing dates and standard or longer duration cultivars, or introducing supplementary irrigation, the latter increasing EOA values in all cases. There is low confidence in recovering yields to baseline levels, although this target could be attained for some adaptation options under moderate climate perturbations. Recommendations derived from such robust results may provide crucial information for stakeholders seeking to implement adaptation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rodríguez
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Department of Economic Analysis and Finances, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - M. Ruiz-Ramos
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Palosuo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T.R. Carter
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. Fronzek
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I.J. Lorite
- IFAPA Junta de Andalucía, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - R. Ferrise
- University of Florence, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - N. Pirttioja
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Bindi
- University of Florence, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - P. Baranowski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - S. Buis
- INRA, UMR 1114 EMMAH, F-84914, Avignon, France
| | - D. Cammarano
- James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Y. Chen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B. Dumont
- Dpt. AgroBioChem& Terra, Crop Science Unit, ULgGembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - F. Ewert
- INRES, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Gaiser
- INRES, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Hlavinka
- Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - H. Hoffmann
- INRES, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - J.G. Höhn
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - F. Jurecka
- Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K.C. Kersebaum
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - J. Krzyszczak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - M. Lana
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Mechiche-Alami
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Minet
- Université de Liège, Arlon Campus Environnement, 6700, Arlon, Belgium
| | - M. Montesino
- University of Copenhagen, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - C. Nendel
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - J.R. Porter
- University of Copenhagen, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - F. Ruget
- INRA, UMR 1114 EMMAH, F-84914, Avignon, France
| | - M.A. Semenov
- Rothamsted Research, Herts, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | | | - I. Supit
- Wageningen University, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - F. Tao
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Trnka
- Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A. de Wit
- Wageningen University, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R.P. Rötter
- TROPAGS, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Kozlíková K, Trnka M. Varied onset of heart ventricular depolarization in different age groups of healthy volunteers. Physiol Res 2019; 68:S389-S397. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Group mean isopotential maps of initial parts of ventricular depolarization (QRS complex) in 4 age groups (10, 14, 19 and 22 years) of young healthy subjects, females and males, were analyzed using different increments between isopotential lines. It was found that the increment 0.1 mV masks some features of the maps, which are seen only by smaller increment (0.02 mV): the time of appearance of maximum and minimum on the anterior chest, smaller voltage values of the extrema as usually published, minimum dominating over maximum in the youngest groups. Therefore, the often applied criterion for the QRS onset – the increasing maximum on the anterior chest – should be reconsidered at least when it concerns the isopotential maps of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kozlíková
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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20
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Jurečka F, Lukas V, Hlavinka P, Semerádová D, Žalud Z, Trnka M. Estimating Crop Yields at the Field Level Using Landsat and MODIS Products. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2018. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201866051141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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Wimmerová M, Hlavinka P, Pohanková E, Kersebaum KC, Trnka M, Klem K, Žalud Z. Is Crop Growth Model Able to Reproduce Drought Stress Caused by Rain-Out Shelters Above Winter Wheat? Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2018. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201866010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Samplonius JM, Bartošová L, Burgess MD, Bushuev AV, Eeva T, Ivankina EV, Kerimov AB, Krams I, Laaksonen T, Mägi M, Mänd R, Potti J, Török J, Trnka M, Visser ME, Zang H, Both C. Phenological sensitivity to climate change is higher in resident than in migrant bird populations among European cavity breeders. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:3780-3790. [PMID: 29691942 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms adjust their reproductive phenology in response to climate change, but phenological sensitivity to temperature may vary between species. For example, resident and migratory birds have vastly different annual cycles, which can cause differential temperature sensitivity at the breeding grounds, and may affect competitive dynamics. Currently, however, adjustment to climate change in resident and migratory birds have been studied separately or at relatively small geographical scales with varying time series durations and methodologies. Here, we studied differential effects of temperature on resident and migratory birds using the mean egg laying initiation dates from 10 European nest box schemes between 1991 and 2015 that had data on at least one resident tit species and at least one migratory flycatcher species. We found that both tits and flycatchers advanced laying in response to spring warming, but resident tit populations advanced more strongly in relation to temperature increases than migratory flycatchers. These different temperature responses have already led to a divergence in laying dates between tits and flycatchers of on average 0.94 days per decade over the current study period. Interestingly, this divergence was stronger at lower latitudes where the interval between tit and flycatcher phenology is smaller and winter conditions can be considered more favorable for resident birds. This could indicate that phenological adjustment to climate change by flycatchers is increasingly hampered by competition with resident species. Indeed, we found that tit laying date had an additional effect on flycatcher laying date after controlling for temperature, and this effect was strongest in areas with the shortest interval between both species groups. Combined, our results suggest that the differential effect of climate change on species groups with overlapping breeding ecology affects the phenological interval between them, potentially affecting interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer M Samplonius
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lenka Bartošová
- Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Malcolm D Burgess
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Beds, UK
| | - Andrey V Bushuev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elena V Ivankina
- Zvenigorod Biological Station of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anvar B Kerimov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Indrikis Krams
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Toni Laaksonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Mägi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raivo Mänd
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaime Potti
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - János Török
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christiaan Both
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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23
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Kopani M, Kopaniova A, Trnka M, Caplovicova M, Rychly B, Jakubovsky J. Cristobalite and Hematite Particles in Human Brain. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:52-57. [PMID: 27085547 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Foreign substances get into the internal environment of living bodies and accumulate in various organs. Cristobalite and hematite particles in the glial cells of pons cerebri of human brain with diagnosis of Behhet disease with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive microanalysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with diffraction were identified. SEM with EDX revealed the matter of irregular micrometer-sized particles sometimes forming polyhedrons with fibrilar or stratified structure. It was found in some particles Ti, Fe, and Zn. Some particles contained Cu. TEM and electron diffraction showed particles of cristobalite and hematite. The presence of the particles can be a result of environmental effect, disruption of normal metabolism, and transformation of physiologically iron-ferrihydrite into more stable form-hematite. From the size of particles can be drawn the long-term accumulation of elements in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kopani
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - A Kopaniova
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Trnka
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Caplovicova
- STU Center for Nanodiagnosis, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Geology of Mineral Deposits, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - B Rychly
- Cytopathos Ltd, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Jakubovsky
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
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24
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Trnka M, Hlavinka P, Semenov MA. Adaptation options for wheat in Europe will be limited by increased adverse weather events under climate change. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:rsif.2015.0721. [PMID: 26577595 PMCID: PMC4685845 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ways of increasing the production of wheat, the most widely grown cereal crop, will need to be found to meet the increasing demand caused by human population growth in the coming decades. This increase must occur despite the decrease in yield gains now being reported in some regions, increased price volatility and the expected increase in the frequency of adverse weather events that can reduce yields. However, if and how the frequency of adverse weather events will change over Europe, the most important wheat-growing area, has not yet been analysed. Here, we show that the accumulated probability of 11 adverse weather events with the potential to significantly reduce yield will increase markedly across all of Europe. We found that by the end of the century, the exposure of the key European wheat-growing areas, where most wheat production is currently concentrated, may increase more than twofold. However, if we consider the entire arable land area of Europe, a greater than threefold increase in risk was predicted. Therefore, shifting wheat production to new producing regions to reduce the risk might not be possible as the risk of adverse events beyond the key wheat-growing areas increases even more. Furthermore, we found a marked increase in wheat exposure to high temperatures, severe droughts and field inaccessibility compared with other types of adverse events. Our results also showed the limitations of some of the presently debated adaptation options and demonstrated the need for development of region-specific strategies. Other regions of the world could be affected by adverse weather events in the future in a way different from that considered here for Europe. This observation emphasizes the importance of conducting similar analyses for other major wheat regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR v.v.i., Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 60300, Czech Republic Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hlavinka
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR v.v.i., Bělidla 986/4b, Brno 60300, Czech Republic Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Mikhail A Semenov
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
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25
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Kolář T, Čermák P, Oulehle F, Trnka M, Štěpánek P, Cudlín P, Hruška J, Büntgen U, Rybníček M. Pollution control enhanced spruce growth in the "Black Triangle" near the Czech-Polish border. Sci Total Environ 2015; 538:703-11. [PMID: 26327638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in certain areas of Central Europe have experienced substantial dieback since the 1970s. Understanding the reasons for this decline and reexamining the response of forests to acid deposition reduction remains challenging because of a lack of long and well-replicated tree-ring width chronologies. Here, spruce from a subalpine area heavily affected by acid deposition (from both sulfur and nitrogen compounds) is evaluated. Tree-ring width measurements from 98 trees between 1000 and 1350m above sea level (a.s.l.) reflected significant May-July temperature signals. Since the 1970s, acid deposition has reduced the growth-climate relationship. Efficient pollution control together with a warmer but not drier climate most likely caused the increased growth of spruce stands in this region, the so-called "Black Triangle," in the 1990s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Kolář
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Čermák
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Oulehle
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Regional Office Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Cudlín
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Pohanková E, Hlavinka P, Takáč J, Žalud Z, Trnka M. Calibration and Validation of the Crop Growth Model DAISY for Spring Barley in the Czech Republic. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2015. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201563041177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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27
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Trnka M. Estimates of daily global solar radiation based on the daily temperature extremes and precipitation sums. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2015. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452050013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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28
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Kapler P, Trnka M, Žalud Z, Eitzinger J. Crop model sensitivity to the estimated daily global solar radiation data. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun200654040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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Pozníková G, Fischer M, Pohanková E, Trnka M. Analyses of Spring Barley Evapotranspiration Rates Based on Gradient Measurements and Dual Crop Coefficient Model. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201462051079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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30
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Kocmánková E, Trnka M, Semerádová D, Žalud Z, Dubrovský M, Možný M, Juroch J, Šefrová H. The change of the potential occurence of Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say 1824) in the Czech Republic till 2050. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun200856020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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31
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Žalud Z, Trnka M, Dubrovský M, Kocmánková E. Impacts of climate change on the first occurrence of the Light blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary 1876). Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun200856020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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32
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Bartošová L, Bauer Z, Trnka M, Štěpánek P, Žalud Z. Climatic factors and their influence on onset and duration of phenological phases of chosen plants at locations south Moravia during 1961-2007. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Bartošová L, Trnka M, Bauer Z, Možný M, Stěpánek P, Zalud Z. Phenological differences among selected residents and long-distance migrant bird species in central Europe. Int J Biometeorol 2014; 58:809-817. [PMID: 23640249 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-013-0661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The phenological responses to climate of residents and migrants (short- and long-distance) differ. Although few previous studies have focussed on this topic, the agree that changes in phenology are more apparent for residents than for long-distance migrants. We analysed the breeding times of two selected residents (Sitta europaea, Parus major) and one long-distance migrant (Ficedula albicollis) from 1961 to 2007 in central Europe. The timing of the phenophases of all three bird species showed a significant advance to earlier times. Nevertheless, the most marked shift was observed for the long-distance migrant (1.9 days per decade on average in mean laying date with linearity at the 99.9% confidence level). In contrast, the shifts shown by the residents were smaller (1.6 days for S. europaea and 1.5 days for P. major also on average in mean laying date for both, with linearity at the 95% confidence level). Spearman rank correlation coefficients calculated for pairs of phenophases of given bird species in 20-year subsamples (e.g. 1961-1980, 1962-1981) showed higher phenological separation between the residents and the migrant. This separation is most apparent after the 1980s. Thus, our results indicate that the interconnections between the studied phenological stages of the three bird species are becoming weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Bartošová
- CzechGlobe-Global Change Research Centre AS CR, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic,
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Svobodová E, Trnka M, Dubrovský M, Semerádová D, Eitzinger J, Stěpánek P, Zalud Z. Determination of areas with the most significant shift in persistence of pests in Europe under climate change. Pest Manag Sci 2014; 70:708-715. [PMID: 23901033 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to estimate the impact of climate change on the ranges of crop pest species in Europe. The organisms included in the study were species from the family Tortricidae (Cydia pomonella, Lobesia botrana) and the family Pyralidae (Ostrinia nubilalis), Chrysomelidae beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Oulema melanopus) and species from the family Aphididae (Ropalosiphum padi, Sitobion avenae). Climate conditions in the year 2055 were simulated using a subset of five representative global circulation models. Model simulations using these climate change scenarios showed significant shifts in the climatic niches of the species in this study. RESULTS For Central Europe, the models predicted a shift in the ranges of pest species to higher altitudes and increases in the number of generations (NG) of the pests. In contrast, in the southern regions of Europe, the NG is likely to decrease owing to insufficient humidity. The ranges of species are likely to shift to the north. CONCLUSION Based on the ensemble-scenario mean for 2055, a climate-driven northward shift of between 3° N (O. nubilalis) and 11° N (L. botrana) is expected. The areas that are most sensitive to experiencing a significant increase in climate suitability for future pest persistence were identified. These areas include Central Europe, the higher altitudes of the Alps and Carpathians and areas above 55° N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svobodová
- Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; CzechGlobe-Global Change Research Centre ASCR, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Fischer M, Trnka M, Kučera J, Fajman M, Žalud Z. Biomass productivity and water use relation in short rotation poplar coppice (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) in the conditions of Czech Moravian Highlands. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Žalud Z, Brotan J, Hlavinka P, Trnka M. Trends in temperature and precipitation in the period of 1961-2010 in Žabčice locality. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361051521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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37
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Černá H, Bartošová L, Trnka M, Bauer Z, Štěpánek P, Možný M, Dubrovský M, Žalud Z. The analysis of long-term phenological data of apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca L.) in southern Moravia during 1927-2009. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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38
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Svobodová E, Trnka M, Dubrovský M, Semerádová D, Eitzinger J, Žalud Z, Štěpánek P. Pest occurrence model in current climate - validation study for European domain. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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39
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Olesen JE, Børgesen CD, Elsgaard L, Palosuo T, Rötter RP, Skjelvåg AO, Peltonen-Sainio P, Börjesson T, Trnka M, Ewert F, Siebert S, Brisson N, Eitzinger J, van Asselt ED, Oberforster M, van der Fels-Klerx HJ. Changes in time of sowing, flowering and maturity of cereals in Europe under climate change. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1527-42. [PMID: 22934894 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.712060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The phenological development of cereal crops from emergence through flowering to maturity is largely controlled by temperature, but also affected by day length and potential physiological stresses. Responses may vary between species and varieties. Climate change will affect the timing of cereal crop development, but exact changes will also depend on changes in varieties as affected by plant breeding and variety choices. This study aimed to assess changes in timing of major phenological stages of cereal crops in Northern and Central Europe under climate change. Records on dates of sowing, flowering, and maturity of wheat, oats and maize were collected from field experiments conducted during the period 1985-2009. Data for spring wheat and spring oats covered latitudes from 46 to 64°N, winter wheat from 46 to 61°N, and maize from 47 to 58°N. The number of observations (site-year-variety combinations) varied with phenological phase, but exceeded 2190, 227, 2076 and 1506 for winter wheat, spring wheat, spring oats and maize, respectively. The data were used to fit simple crop development models, assuming that the duration of the period until flowering depends on temperature and day length for wheat and oats, and on temperature for maize, and that the duration of the period from flowering to maturity in all species depends on temperature only. Species-specific base temperatures were used. Sowing date of spring cereals was estimated using a threshold temperature for the mean air temperature during 10 days prior to sowing. The mean estimated temperature thresholds for sowing were 6.1, 7.1 and 10.1°C for oats, wheat and maize, respectively. For spring oats and wheat the temperature threshold increased with latitude. The effective temperature sums required for both flowering and maturity increased with increasing mean annual temperature of the location, indicating that varieties are well adapted to given conditions. The responses of wheat and oats were largest for the period from flowering to maturity. Changes in timing of cereal phenology by 2040 were assessed for two climate model projections according to the observed dependencies on temperature and day length. The results showed advancements of sowing date of spring cereals by 1-3 weeks depending on climate model and region within Europe. The changes were largest in Northern Europe. Timing of flowering and maturity were projected to advance by 1-3 weeks. The changes were largest for grain maize and smallest for winter wheat, and they were generally largest in the western and northern part of the domain. There were considerable differences in predicted timing of sowing, flowering and maturity between the two climate model projections applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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40
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Bauer Z, Trnka M, Bauerová J, Mozný M, Stepánek P, Bartosová L, Zalud Z. Changing climate and the phenological response of great tit and collared flycatcher populations in floodplain forest ecosystems in Central Europe. Int J Biometeorol 2010; 54:99-111. [PMID: 20099374 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-009-0259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is based on 47 years of observations (1961-2007) on two common bird species, the Great Tit (Parus major) and the Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis), and a dominant tree species in their habitat, the English Oak (Quercus robur). The study took place at four research sites in the Czech Republic located in full-grown, multi-aged floodplain forests with no forestry management. An increase in air temperature over the evaluated period clearly influenced the length of phenological phases. The full foliage date of English Oak has advanced by 8.7 days during the past 47 years. Great Tit and Collared Flycatcher populations have reacted to the changing climate in the same way, with first laying date and mean laying date advancing by between 6.0 and 9.0 days. In all cases, the trends are highly significant and consistent over all sites. Despite the ongoing shift in phenological stages toward the beginning of the year, the change does not appear to have led to mistiming in the trophic food chain. Overall, this study shows almost identical rates of change in egg laying dates for both bird species in all the floodplain forests studied, and these trends are coherent with those of English Oak and peak herbivorous caterpillar activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Bauer
- Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic
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Eitzinger J, Kubu G, Alexandrov V, Utset A, Mihailovic DT, Lalic B, Trnka M, Zalud Z, Semeradova D, Ventrella D, Anastasiou DP, Medany M, Altaher S, Olejnik J, Lesny J, Nemeshko N, Nikolaev M, Simota C, Cojocaru G. Adaptation of vulnerable regional agricultural systems in Europe to climate change – results from the ADAGIO project. Adv Sci Res 2009. [DOI: 10.5194/asr-3-133-2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. During 2007-2009 the ADAGIO project (http://www.adagio-eu.org) is carried out to evaluate regional adaptation options in agriculture in most vulnerable European regions (mediterranean, central and eastern European regions). In this context a bottom-up approach is used beside the top-down approach of using scientific studies, involving regional experts and farmers in the evaluation of potential regional vulnerabilities and adaptation options. Preliminary results of the regional studies and gathered feedback from experts and farmers show in general that (increasing) drought and heat are the main factors having impact on agricultural vulnerability not only in the Mediterranean region, but also in the Central and southern Eastern European regions. Another important aspect is that the increasing risk of pest and diseases may play a more important role for agricultural vulnerability than assumed before, however, till now this field is only rarely investigated in Europe. Although dominating risks such as increasing drought and heat are similar in most regions, the vulnerabilities in the different regions are very much influenced by characteristics of the dominating agroecosystems and prevailing socio-economic conditions. This will be even be more significant for potential adaptation measures at the different levels, which have to reflect the regional conditions.
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Orlandini S, Nejedlik P, Eitzinger J, Alexandrov V, Toulios L, Calanca P, Trnka M, Olesen JE. Impacts of climate change and variability on European agriculture: results of inventory analysis in COST 734 countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1146:338-53. [PMID: 19076423 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1446.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Climate plays a fundamental role in agriculture because of to its influence on production. All processes are regulated by specific climatic requirements. Furthermore, European agriculture, based on highly developed farming techniques, is mainly oriented to high quality food production that is more susceptible to meteorological hazards. These hazards can modify environment-genotype interactions, which can affect the quality of production. The COST 734 Action (Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on European Agriculture), launched in 2006, is composed of 28 signature countries and is funded by the European Commission. The main objective of the Action is the evaluation of possible impacts arising from climate change and variability on agriculture and the assessment of critical thresholds for various European areas. The Action will concentrate on four different tasks: agroclimatic indices and simulation models, including review and assessment of tools used to relate climate and agricultural processes; evaluation of the current trends of agroclimatic indices and model outputs, including remote sensing; developing and assessing future regional and local scenarios of agroclimatic conditions; and risk assessment and foreseen impacts on agriculture. The work will be carried out by respective Working Groups. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the first phase of inventory activity. Specific questionnaires were disseminated among COST 734 countries to collect information on climate change analysis, studies, and impact at the European level. The results were discussed with respect to their spatial distribution in Europe and to identify possible common long- and short-term strategies for adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Orlandini
- Department of Agronomy and Land Management, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Trnka M, Muška F, Semerádová D, Dubrovský M, Kocmánková E, Žalud Z. European Corn Borer life stage model: Regional estimates of pest development and spatial distribution under present and future climate. Ecol Modell 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Baxter PJ, Hallgren L, Pollema CH, Trnka M, Ruzicka J. Configurations of a flow injection system for perfusion studies of adherent cells. Anal Chem 1995; 67:1486-90. [PMID: 7741218 DOI: 10.1021/ac00104a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes three configurations of a flow injection apparatus designed to be the fluidic drive for perfusion studies of cultured adherent cells. The apparatus was coupled to a flow-through perfusion chamber that was specifically designed for live cell perfusion using fluorescence microscopy as the detector. The instrument consists of two linear syringe pumps and a multiposition selector valve which, under computer control, allowed sequential injection, fluid switching, and flow injection to be performed with minimal system reconfiguration. When the apparatus is coupled to a dual inlet perfusion chamber, target cells can be exposed to very steep reagent pulses, while the traditional single inlet perfusion chamber allows more flexibility and provides a more gradual increase in reagent concentration. The most significant salient feature of the system is the ability to generate very steep pulses--a desirable feature for cell perfusion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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Molitor V, Trnka M, Erber W, Steffan I, Rivi�re ME, Arrio B, Springer-Lederer H, Peschek GA. Impact of salt adaptation on esterified fatty acids and cytochrome oxidase in plasma and thylakoid membranes from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Arch Microbiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00423319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Peschek GA, Wastyn M, Trnka M, Molitor V, Fry IV, Packer L. Characterization of the cytochrome c oxidase in isolated and purified plasma membranes from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Biochemistry 1989; 28:3057-63. [PMID: 2545245 DOI: 10.1021/bi00433a048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Functionally intact plasma membranes were isolated from the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Anacystis nidulans through French pressure cell extrusion of lysozyme/EDTA-treated cells, separated from thylakoid membranes by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and purified by repeated recentrifugation. Origin and identity of the chlorophyll-free plasma membrane fraction were confirmed by labeling of intact cells with impermeant protein markers, [35S]diazobenzenesulfonate and fluorescamine, prior to membrane isolation. Rates of oxidation of reduced horse heart cytochrome c by purified plasma and thylakoid membranes were 90 and 2 nmol min-1 (mg of protein)-1, respectively. The cytochrome oxidase in isolated plasma membranes was identified as a copper-containing aa3-type enzyme from the properties of its redox-active and EDTA-resistant Cu2+ ESR signal, the characteristic inhibition profile, reduced minus oxidized difference spectra, carbon monoxide difference spectra, photoaction and photodissociation spectra of the CO-inhibited enzyme, and immunological cross-reaction of two subunits of the enzyme with antibodies against subunits I and II, and the holoenzyme, of Paracoccus denitrificans aa3-type cytochrome oxidase. The data presented are the first comprehensive evidence for the occurrence of aa3-type cytochrome oxidase in the plasma membrane of a cyanobacterium similar to the corresponding mitochondrial enzyme (EC 1.9.3.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Peschek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
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Wastyn M, Achatz A, Trnka M, Peschek GA. Immunological and spectral characterization of partly purified cytochrome oxidase from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6714. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 149:102-11. [PMID: 2825695 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Membranes were isolated by French pressure cell extrusion of lysozyme-preincubated cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6714 after growth in the presence of 0.4 M NaCl for 4 days. These cells showed up to 6-fold respiratory activity (oxygen uptake) when compared to control cells. Separation of plasma and thylakoid membranes revealed that the major part of cytochrome c oxidase was associated with the latter. Immunoblotting of sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophorized membranes with antisera raised against subunit I, subunit II, and the holoenzyme of the aa3-type cytochrome oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans gave specific and complementary cross-reactions at apparent molecular weights of about 25 and 17-18 kDa, respectively. Crude membranes were solubilized also with n-octyl glucoside, and the cytochrome oxidase was separated from the extract by affinity chromatography using immobilized cytochrome c from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme was eluted with KCl/octyl glucoside. Dialysed and concentrated enzyme solution, which was free of b- and c-type cytochromes, gave reduced alpha- and gamma-peaks around 603 and 443 nm, respectively. Upon treatment of the sample with carbon monoxide the peaks were found at 593 and 433 nm, respectively. Photodissociation spectra of the CO-complexed enzyme were in full agreement with cytochrome aa3 being a functional cytochrome oxidase in Synechocystis 6714.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wastyn
- Biophysical Chemistry Group, University of Vienna, Austria
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Trnka M, Peschek GA. Immunological identification of aa3-type cytochrome oxidase in membrane preparations of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 136:235-41. [PMID: 3010964 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)90899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Membranes were isolated from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans by French press extrusion of lysozyme-treated cells. The membranes were solubilized with sodium dodecylsulfate and subjected to denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Separated polypeptides were transferred to nitrocellulose by Western blotting, and incubated with antibodies against aa3-type cytochrome oxidase of Paracoccus denitrificans; antibodies against subunits I and II, and against the holoenzyme, were used and gave pronounced complementary cross reaction with two of the Anacystis membrane polypeptides corresponding to molecular weights of approximately 55,000 and 32,000, respectively. From this we conclude that an aa3-type cytochrome oxidase is present in Anacystis nidulans as was previously suggested from spectral evidence (G.A.Peschek, Biochim.Biophys.Acta 635 (1981) 470-475), and that this enzyme is composed of at least two subunits with apparent homology to subunits I and II of the corresponding Paracoccus cytochrome oxidase.
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