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Italiano SSP, Camarero JJ, Borghetti M, Colangelo M, Rita A, Ripullone F. Drought legacies in mixed Mediterranean forests: Analysing the effects of structural overshoot, functional traits and site factors. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172166. [PMID: 38575023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Previous favorable climate conditions stimulate tree growth making some forests more vulnerable to hotter droughts. This so-called structural overshoot may contribute to forest dieback, but there is little evidence on its relative importance depending on site conditions and tree species because of limited field data. Here, we analyzed remote sensing (NDVI) and tree-ring width data to evaluate the impacts of the 2017 drought on canopy cover and growth in mixed Mediterranean forests (Fraxinus ornus, Quercus pubescens, Acer monspessulanum, Pinus pinaster) located in southern Italy. Legacy effects were assessed by calculating differences between observed and predicted basal area increment (BAI). Overall, the growth response of the study stands to the 2017 drought was contingent on site conditions and species characteristics. Most sites presented BAI and canopy cover reductions during the drought. Growth decline was followed by a quick recovery and positive legacy effects, particularly in the case of F. ornus. However, we found negative drought legacies in some species (e.g., Q. pubescens, A. monspessulanum) and sites. In those sites showing negative legacies, high growth rates prior to drought in response to previous wet winter-spring conditions may have predisposed trees to drought damage. Vice versa, the positive drought legacy found in some F. ornus site was linked to post-drought growth release due to Q. pubescens dieback and mortality. Therefore, we found evidences of structural drought overshoot, but it was restricted to specific sites and species. Our findings highlight the importance of considering site settings such as stand composition, pre-drought conditions and different tree species when studying structural overshoot. Droughts contribute to modify the composition and dynamics in mixed forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santain S P Italiano
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, E-50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Marco Borghetti
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Michele Colangelo
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, E-50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Angelo Rita
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, IT-80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ripullone
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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Gazol A, Valeriano C, Colangelo M, Ibáñez R, Valerio M, Rubio-Cuadrado Á, Camarero JJ. Growth of tree (Pinus sylvestris) and shrub (Amelanchier ovalis) species is constrained by drought with higher shrub sensitivity in dry sites. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170539. [PMID: 38296069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We lack understanding of how variable is radial growth of coexisting tree and shrub species, and how growth is constrained by drought depending on site aridity. Here, we compared the radial growth of two widespread and coexisting species, a winter deciduous shrub (Amelanchier ovalis Medik.) and an evergreen conifer tree (Pinus sylvestris L.). We sampled four sites in Northeastern Spain subjected to different aridity levels and used dendrochronological methods to quantify growth patterns and responses to climate variables. The growth of the two species varied between regions, being lower in the driest sites. The first-order autocorrelation (growth persistence) was higher in more mesic sites but without clear differences between species. Tree and shrub growth negatively responded to elevated summer temperatures and positively to spring-summer precipitation and wet conditions. However, negative growth responses of the shrub to drought were only observed in the two driest sites in contrast to widespread responses of the tree. Abrupt growth reductions were common in the drier sites, but resilience indices show that the two species rapidly recovered pre-drought growth levels. The lower growth synchrony of the shrub as compared to the tree can be due to the multistemmed architecture, fast growth and low stature of the shrub. Besides, the high dependency of the shrub growth on summer rainfall can explain why drought limitations were only apparent in the two driest sites. In any case, results point out to the dendrochronological potential of shrubs, which is particularly relevant giving its ability to inhabit woodlands and treeless regions under harsh climatic conditions. Nevertheless, further research is required to elucidate the capacity of shrub species to tolerate drought, as well as to understand how shrubs thrive in water- and cold-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, E-50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Cristina Valeriano
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, E-50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michele Colangelo
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ricardo Ibáñez
- Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mercedes Valerio
- Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Navarra, Spain; Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté stoce 1, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, E-50192 Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Power CC, Normand S, von Arx G, Elberling B, Corcoran D, Krog AB, Bouvin NK, Treier UA, Westergaard-Nielsen A, Liu Y, Prendin AL. No effect of snow on shrub xylem traits: Insights from a snow-manipulation experiment on Disko Island, Greenland. Sci Total Environ 2024; 916:169896. [PMID: 38185160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Widespread shrubification across the Arctic has been generally attributed to increasing air temperatures, but responses vary across species and sites. Wood structures related to the plant hydraulic architecture may respond to local environmental conditions and potentially impact shrub growth, but these relationships remain understudied. Using methods of dendroanatomy, we analysed shrub ring width (RW) and xylem anatomical traits of 80 individuals of Salix glauca L. and Betula nana L. at a snow manipulation experiment in Western Greenland. We assessed how their responses differed between treatments (increased versus ambient snow depth) and soil moisture regimes (wet and dry). Despite an increase in snow depth due to snow fences (28-39 %), neither RW nor anatomical traits in either species showed significant responses to this increase. In contrast, irrespective of the snow treatment, the xylem specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and earlywood vessel size (LA95) for the study period were larger in S. glauca (p < 0.1, p < 0.01) and B. nana (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) at the wet than the dry site, while both species had larger vessel groups at the dry than the wet site (p < 0.01). RW of B. nana was higher at the wet site (p < 0.01), but no differences were observed for S. glauca. Additionally, B. nana Ks and LA95 showed different trends over the study period, with decreases observed at the dry site (p < 0.001), while for other responses no difference was observed. Our results indicate that, taking into account ontogenetic and allometric trends, hydraulic related xylem traits of both species, along with B. nana growth, were influenced by soil moisture. These findings suggest that soil moisture regime, but not snow cover, may determine xylem responses to future climate change and thus add to the heterogeneity of Arctic shrub dynamics, though more long-term species- and site- specific studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice C Power
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Signe Normand
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Denmark; SustainScapes - Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bo Elberling
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Derek Corcoran
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Denmark; SustainScapes - Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Amanda B Krog
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Urs Albert Treier
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Denmark; SustainScapes - Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Andreas Westergaard-Nielsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yijing Liu
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angela L Prendin
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Land Environment Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Mazza G, Monteverdi MC, Altieri S, Battipaglia G. Climate-driven growth dynamics and trend reversal of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus cerris L. in a low-elevation beech forest in Central Italy. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168250. [PMID: 37926261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In highly climate-change-sensitive regions, such as the Mediterranean, increasing knowledge of climate-driven growth dynamics is required for habitat conservation and forecasting species adaptability under future climate change. In this study, we test a high spectrum of climatic signals, not only monthly and seasonal but also on a multi-year scale and include the single tree analysis to answer this issue, focusing on a low-elevation thermophilic old-growth beech forest surrounding the Bracciano Lake in Central Italy. Through a dendroecological and isotope analysis, we evaluate both short- and long-term sensitivity of F. sylvatica and the coexisting better-drought-adapted species Q. cerris to climatic and hydrological variability in terms of growth reduction and δ13C responses. After the 1990s, beech trees showed a climate-driven decrease in growth compared to oak, especially after 2003 (-20 % of basal area increment), with a significant growth trend reversal between the species. For F. sylvatica, the significant correlations with precipitation decreased, whereas for Q. cerris, they increased, with a higher number of trees positively influenced. However, the temperature highlighted more clearly the contrasting climate-growth correlation pattern between the two species. In F. sylvatica after the '90s, the negative effect of temperatures has significantly intensified, as shown by past summer values up to four years previously, involving about half of the trees. Surprisingly, the water-level fluctuations showed a highly significant influence on tree-ring growth in both species. Nevertheless, it reduced after the '90s. Finally, Q. cerris trees showed a significantly higher ability to recover their growth levels after extreme droughts (+55 %). The growth trend reversal and the shift in iWUE of the last years may point to potential changes in the future species composition, raising the need for climate-adaptive silviculture (e.g., selective thinning) to reduce growth decline, enhance resilience and favour the natural regeneration of the target species for habitat conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simona Altieri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
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5
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Kang J, Shen H, Zhang S, Xu L, Tang Z, Tang Y, Fang J. Contrasting growth responses to drought in three tree species widely distributed in northern China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168331. [PMID: 37931814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree species-specific responses to drought are urgently needed for assessing the impacts of current climate change on forest ecosystems. Here, we characterized the resistance, recovery, resilience, and growth recovery periods in response to different drought events based on tree-ring width index data (>30 years) for three tree species widely distributed in northern China, among which larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.) are two major species used for afforestation, and birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) is one of the most common natural tree species. Despite no significant effects of mild drought on tree growth, severe drought events significantly reduced the growth of all species, with contrasting species-specific responses. Larch trees had the lowest resistance and resilience among the three species, and Mongolian pine trees were more resistant but had a longer recovery period than birch trees. The drought responses varied with tree size. Large Mongolian pine and birch trees were more resistant but large larch trees were much more vulnerable than small trees during severe droughts. Smaller birch trees had higher resilience to severe droughts. Our study shows species-specific differences in drought responses and suggests that drought responses are tree-size dependent and drought-intensity associated, which further provides a guidance for selecting optimal cultivated tree species and designing forest managements in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Camarero JJ, Colangelo M, Rodríguez-Gonzalez PM. Historical disconnection from floodplain alters riparian forest composition, tree growth and deadwood amount. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:165266. [PMID: 37406690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Riparian forests are among the most dynamic but threatened terrestrial ecosystems. Their dynamism and conservation depend on historical changes in river geomorphology, which can be evaluated through changes in channel sinuosity. However, we lack long-term assessments on sinuosity and how they impact riparian forest composition, tree growth and deadwood amount. To fill this research gap, we reconstructed river sinuosity in 14 sites across the middle Ebro basin, north-eastern Spain, using historical aerial photographs taken in 1927, 1956, 1998-2003 and 2014-2015. Relationships between sinuosity, stand composition and deadwood amount and decay degree were calculated. We also reconstructed radial growth of the major tree species (Populus alba, Populus nigra, Fraxinus angustifolia, Salix alba and Ulmus minor) in two sites to evaluate how coupled it was with changes in river flow after dam building. From 1927 to 2015, sinuosity decreased passing from 1.39 to 1.20. The river dynamics were altered in the 1950s and 1960s after dam and dyke building. Sites with high sinuosity values in 1956 corresponded to mature stands with large P. nigra individuals. Sinuosity was negatively related to F. angustifolia (rs = -0.83, p < 0.001) and P. alba (rs = -0.64, p = 0.02) abundance, whereas sites dominated by P. alba and U. minor presented abundant decayed deadwood. A loss of sinuosity and a contraction of the riverbank gradient increased disconnection of active channel from floodplain, with a mixing of more (e.g., P. nigra) and less phreatophytic species (e.g., U. minor). River flow diversion reduced growth and increased the tree-to-tree P. alba growth coherence. Hydrological droughts contributed to growth decline and dieback of U. minor, which is sensitive to spring river flow. Conservation and restoration of riparian forests must consider historical changes in river geomorphology related to human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Julio Camarero
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Michele Colangelo
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain; School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Patricia M Rodríguez-Gonzalez
- Forest Research Centre and Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal.
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Camarero JJ, Valeriano C. Responses of ancient pollarded and pruned oaks to climate and drought: Chronicles from threatened cultural woodlands. Sci Total Environ 2023; 883:163680. [PMID: 37105474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Humans have shaped open oak forests for centuries through pollarding and grazing. Nowadays, these cultural landscapes face the abandonment of their traditional uses and new threats, including rising temperatures and increasing drought stress, especially in southern Europe. We need precise data on the long-term radial growth changes of these oak woodlands to better characterize and preserve them. To fill this research gap, we compared the growth patterns and responses to climate variables and a drought index of three traditionally pollarded deciduous oaks (Quercus subpyrenaica, Quercus faginea, Quercus pyrenaica) and one previously pruned, evergreen oak (Quercus ilex) in central and northeastern Spain. In the three deciduous oaks, we reconstructed radial growth suppressions which were mainly attributed to past pollarding events. Recent post-pollarding growth improvement was transitory but long-term growth enhancement could be maintained by periodic pollarding. Formerly pollarded oaks were old reaching maximum ages of 313 years in the case of Q. faginea. Formerly pruned Q. ilex trees were also old reaching ages of at least 384 years. Peaks in major growth suppressions of Q. faginea sites corresponded to periods of intense timber demand following abrupt socioeconomic changes (land tenure and land use changes, local population growth, wars) such as the 1820s, 1840s, 1910s and 1940s. However, other growth suppressions corresponded to dry periods such as the 1870s and 1950s. Oak growth was constrained by warm-dry conditions in spring and by short- to long-term summer droughts (4-18 months). Pollarding abandonment and increased aridification threaten the survival of such old pollarded oak stands that preserve unique cultural, ecological and biological values.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Cristina Valeriano
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
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Akhmetzyanov L, Sánchez-Salguero R, García-González I, Domínguez-Delmás M, Sass-Klaassen U. Blue is the fashion in Mediterranean pines: New drought signals from tree-ring density in southern Europe. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:159291. [PMID: 36208747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Long-term records of tree-ring width (TRW), latewood maximum density (MXD) and blue intensity (BI) measurements on conifers have been largely used to develop high-resolution temperature reconstructions in cool temperate forests. However, the potential of latewood blue intensity (LWBI), less commonly used earlywood blue intensity (EWBI), and delta (difference between EWBI and LWBI, dBI) blue intensity in Mediterranean tree species is still unexplored. Here we developed BI chronologies in moist-elevation limits of the most southwestern European distribution of Pinus nigra subsp. salzmanii Arnold. We tested whether BI variables derived from tree rings of black pine are better proxies than ring-width variables to reconstruct long-term changes in climatic factors and water availability. For this we applied correlations and regression analyses with daily and monthly climate data, a spatial and temporal drought index (Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index-SPEI) and Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD), as well as atmospheric circulation patterns: North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO). We found a positive relation between black pine growth (RW) and temperature during the winter preceding the growing season. Among all variables LWBI and dBI were found to be more sensitive than TRW to SPEI at low-elevation site, with EWBI series containing an opposite climatic signal. LWBI and dBI were significantly related to June and September precipitation at high-elevation site. Winter VPD was related with higher EWI and LWI series, whereas dBI and EWBI were related with January SOI and February NAO. We confirm the potential of long-term dBI series to reconstruct climate in drought-prone regions. This novel study in combination with other wood anatomical measurements has wide implications for further use of BI to understand and reconstruct environmental changes in Mediterranean conifer forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linar Akhmetzyanov
- DendroOlavide, Depto. de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- DendroOlavide, Depto. de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-González
- Departamento de Botánica, Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez-Delmás
- Departamento de Botánica, Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Humanities, Turfdraagsterpad 15, Postbus 94551, 1090, GN, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ute Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Che C, Xiao S, Peng X, Ding A, Su J. Radial growth of Korshinsk peashrub and its response to drought in different sub-arid climate regions of northwest China. J Environ Manage 2023; 326:116708. [PMID: 36356535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increased frequency and intensity of droughts have seriously affected the stability of plantation ecosystems in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Caragana korshinskii Kom. was the dominant afforested shrub species in this region. Evaluating the radial growth of C. korshinskii and its response to drought can provide valuable information for sustainable management of plantations in the context of climate change. In this study, based on 237 shrub C. korshinskii annual ring samples from nine sites in different climate regions, we investigated the response of C. korshinskii radial growth to climate (temperature, precipitation, and monthly resolved standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI_01)), and evaluated the differences between them using calculated indices of drought resistance, recovery, and resilience. The results demonstrate that the radial growth of C. korshinskii was mainly limited by drought stress in the previous September in arid regions and in March and June in semi-arid regions, whereas C. korshinskii in semi-humid regions was less influenced by drought stress. Recovery after drought decreased with increasing resistance, and resilience increased significantly with increasing resistance and recovery. Differences in precipitation were found to be the main factor generating variations in shrub resilience; with an increase in precipitation, the recovery and resilience after drought gradually increased. For plantation management, this study suggests that efficient utilization of precipitation resources and site-specific afforestation in different climate and site conditions may help to enhance resilience and improve the ecological service function of plantation forests in the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunwei Che
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengchun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jingrong Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Vitali V, Martínez-Sancho E, Treydte K, Andreu-Hayles L, Dorado-Liñán I, Gutierrez E, Helle G, Leuenberger M, Loader NJ, Rinne-Garmston KT, Schleser GH, Allen S, Waterhouse JS, Saurer M, Lehmann MM. The unknown third - Hydrogen isotopes in tree-ring cellulose across Europe. Sci Total Environ 2022; 813:152281. [PMID: 34942249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This is the first Europe-wide comprehensive assessment of the climatological and physiological information recorded by hydrogen isotope ratios in tree-ring cellulose (δ2Hc) based on a unique collection of annually resolved 100-year tree-ring records of two genera (Pinus and Quercus) from 17 sites (36°N to 68°N). We observed that the high-frequency climate signals in the δ2Hc chronologies were weaker than those recorded in carbon (δ13Cc) and oxygen isotope signals (δ18Oc) but similar to the tree-ring width ones (TRW). The δ2Hc climate signal strength varied across the continent and was stronger and more consistent for Pinus than for Quercus. For both genera, years with extremely dry summer conditions caused a significant 2H-enrichment in tree-ring cellulose. The δ2Hc inter-annual variability was strongly site-specific, as a result of the imprinting of climate and hydrology, but also physiological mechanisms and tree growth. To differentiate between environmental and physiological signals in δ2Hc, we investigated its relationships with δ18Oc and TRW. We found significant negative relationships between δ2Hc and TRW (7 sites), and positive ones between δ2Hc and δ18Oc (10 sites). The strength of these relationships was nonlinearly related to temperature and precipitation. Mechanistic δ2Hc models performed well for both genera at continental scale simulating average values, but they failed on capturing year-to-year δ2Hc variations. Our results suggest that the information recorded by δ2Hc is significantly different from that of δ18Oc, and has a stronger physiological component independent from climate, possibly related to the use of carbohydrate reserves for growth. Advancements in the understanding of 2H-fractionations and their relationships with climate, physiology, and species-specific traits are needed to improve the modelling and interpretation accuracy of δ2Hc. Such advancements could lead to new insights into trees' carbon allocation mechanisms, and responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vitali
- Stable Isotope Research Center (SIRC), Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Dynamics, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - E Martínez-Sancho
- Dendrosciences, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Dynamics, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - K Treydte
- Dendrosciences, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Dynamics, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - L Andreu-Hayles
- Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA; CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall.s), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Llu.s Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Dorado-Liñán
- Department of Systems and Natural Resources, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Gutierrez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Helle
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 4.3 Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Leuenberger
- Climate and Environmental Physics Division and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - N J Loader
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - G H Schleser
- FZJ Research Center Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Allen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - J S Waterhouse
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Saurer
- Stable Isotope Research Center (SIRC), Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Dynamics, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - M M Lehmann
- Stable Isotope Research Center (SIRC), Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Dynamics, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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11
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Manrique-Alba À, Beguería S, Camarero JJ. Long-term effects of forest management on post-drought growth resilience: An analytical framework. Sci Total Environ 2022; 810:152374. [PMID: 34914996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is great interest in determining the effects of forest thinning as a tool to improve growth recovery from drought in different tree species and climatic conditions. However, we lack a robust framework to determine how transient are post-drought growth resilience and enhancement, and if such growth improvement involves an uncoupling with climate conditions. We used regression analysis to determine differences in growth, sensitivity to drought and previous-year growth, and long-term growth in five plantations of three pine species (Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus nigra Arn. and Pinus sylvestris L.) under different thinning intensities. Then, we simulated post-drought and post-thinning growth trajectories based on fitted models, and we computed drought resistance, resilience and recovery indices based on these trajectories. Moreover, the simulation allowed us to calculate the time to recovery after a drought. Using this analytical framework, we found that thinning enhanced radial growth (between 85 and 150%, significant in all sites with p < 0.05), and reduced previous-year growth dependence (between -13 and -26%, significant in two out of five sites) and climatic dependence of growth (-23 to -49%, significant in two sites). We interpret these effects as a result of competition reduction by thinning and a transitory alleviation of growth climatic constraints. Thinning consistently improved drought resistance (+4 to +20%) and resilience (+1 to +4%). Recovery, on the contrary, was reduced (-1 to -15%). Since the growth loss during the drought was reduced due to higher drought resistance, the recovery was proportionally lower. Thinning reduced the time to recovery by one to two years. The thinning legacy effect persisted up to 15 to 20 years after thinning. Taken together, these findings enhance the benefits of adaptive silviculture in making pine plantations less vulnerable to unfavourable extreme climate events such as droughts. We present a novel and robust analytical framework to assess drought-thinning interactive effects on tree growth.
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12
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Peltier DMP, Guo J, Nguyen P, Bangs M, Wilson M, Samuels-Crow K, Yocom LL, Liu Y, Fell MK, Shaw JD, Auty D, Schwalm C, Anderegg WRL, Koch GW, Litvak ME, Ogle K. Temperature memory and non-structural carbohydrates mediate legacies of a hot drought in trees across the southwestern USA. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:71-85. [PMID: 34302167 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trees are long-lived organisms that integrate climate conditions across years or decades to produce secondary growth. This integration process is sometimes referred to as 'climatic memory.' While widely perceived, the physiological processes underlying this temporal integration, such as the storage and remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), are rarely explicitly studied. This is perhaps most apparent when considering drought legacies (perturbed post-drought growth responses to climate), and the physiological mechanisms underlying these lagged responses to climatic extremes. Yet, drought legacies are likely to become more common if warming climate brings more frequent drought. To quantify the linkages between drought legacies, climate memory and NSC, we measured tree growth (via tree ring widths) and NSC concentrations in three dominant species across the southwestern USA. We analyzed these data with a hierarchical mixed effects model to evaluate the time-scales of influence of past climate (memory) on tree growth. We then evaluated the role of climate memory and the degree to which variation in NSC concentrations were related to forward-predicted growth during the hot 2011-2012 drought and subsequent 4-year recovery period. Populus tremuloides exhibited longer climatic memory compared to either Pinus edulis or Juniperus osteosperma, but following the 2011-2012 drought, P. tremuloides trees with relatively longer memory of temperature conditions showed larger (more negative) drought legacies. Conversely, Pinus edulis trees with longer temperature memory had smaller (less negative) drought legacies. For both species, higher NSC concentrations followed more negative (larger) drought legacies, though the relevant NSC fraction differed between P. tremuloides and P. edulis. Our results suggest that differences in tree NSC are also imprinted upon tree growth responses to climate across long time scales, which also underlie tree resilience to increasingly frequent drought events under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M P Peltier
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Jessica Guo
- Communications and Cyber Technologies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Phiyen Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Michael Bangs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Michelle Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Kimberly Samuels-Crow
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Larissa L Yocom
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael K Fell
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - John D Shaw
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT 84401, USA
| | - David Auty
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Christopher Schwalm
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - William R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - George W Koch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Marcy E Litvak
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kiona Ogle
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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13
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Pompa-García M, Camarero JJ, Colangelo M, González-Cásares M. Inter and intra-annual links between climate, tree growth and NDVI: improving the resolution of drought proxies in conifer forests. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:2111-2121. [PMID: 34264389 PMCID: PMC8566664 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inter- and intra-annual variability in radial growth reflects responses to climatic variability and water shortage, especially in areas subjected to seasonal drought. However, it is unknown how this variability is related to forest productivity, which can be assessed by measuring changes in canopy greenness and cover through remote sensing products as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We combine xylogenesis with measurements of inter-annual changes in seasonal wood production (earlywood width, adjusted latewood width) and NDVI to improve the understanding of climate and drought impacts on growth and forest productivity in a Pinus teocote stand located in northern Mexico. Cambial dynamics accelerated in March and a high production of radially enlarging and thickening tracheids were observed from April to October and from June to October, respectively. Tracheid maturation was very active in October when latewood production peaked. Wet conditions in winter-spring and summer-autumn enhanced earlywood and latewood production, respectively. Earlywood and latewood were constrained by long (4-10 months) and short (2-3 months) droughts, respectively. The earlywood production depended on April soil moisture, which agrees with the peak of radially enlarging tracheid production found during that month. Aligning drought proxies at inter- and intra-annual scales by using growth and productivity measures improves our understanding of conifer forest responses to water shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marín Pompa-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales de la, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Río Papaloapan Y Blvd., Durango S/N Col. Valle del Sur, Durango, México
| | - J. Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michele Colangelo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, Univ. Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Marcos González-Cásares
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales de la, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Río Papaloapan Y Blvd., Durango S/N Col. Valle del Sur, Durango, México
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14
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Jiao L, Xue R, Qi C, Chen K, Liu X. Comparison of the responses of radial growth to climate change for two dominant coniferous tree species in the eastern Qilian Mountains, northwestern China. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:1823-1836. [PMID: 33914168 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The temperature in northwestern China has increased significantly since the 1990s. However, the responses of mountainous forests to warming have not been extensively examined. We collected tree rings of two dominant coniferous species of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) in the eastern part of the Qilian Mountains, and analyzed the differences in the response dynamic of the radial growth of two species to climate change. The results showed that (1) the annual radial growth of Qinghai spruce was mainly restricted by the minimum temperature in July and October, and the growth of Chinese pine was mainly restricted by the mean temperature in September of the previous year, January, and July and the maximum temperature in March, May, and July. In particular, Qinghai spruce increased its sensitivity to total precipitation in the growing seasons in March, May, and July after the temperature abruptly increased. (2) In comparison to Qinghai spruce, Chinese pine showed a consistent response to the main climatic factors and was more severely affected by drought stress. Qinghai spruce had divergent responses to mean temperatures in March and May and minimum temperatures in April and June. (3) The growth of Qinghai spruce increased with a significant fluctuation at the end of the twentieth century, while the growth of Chinese pine first showed an increase and then a significant decreasing trend. At present, the increase in temperature has adversely affected the growth of Chinese pine in the eastern Qilian Mountains and promoted the growth of Qinghai spruce. However, a continuous temperature increase could negatively affect the growth of Qinghai spruce because of the increasing probability of drought stress. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the growth dynamics of Qinghai spruce, especially with the different water supply and demand, and to the effects of drought on Chinese pine in forest ecosystems in arid and semiarid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiao
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Ruhong Xue
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Changliang Qi
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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15
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Bohner T, Diez J. Tree resistance and recovery from drought mediated by multiple abiotic and biotic processes across a large geographic gradient. Sci Total Environ 2021; 789:147744. [PMID: 34051506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, increasing severity of droughts threatens to change forest ecosystem functioning and community structure. Understanding how forest resilience is determined by its two underlying components, resistance and recovery, will help elucidate the mechanisms of drought responses and help inform management strategies. However, drought responses are shaped by complex processes across different scales, including species-specific drought strategies, tree size, competition, local environmental conditions, and the intensity of the drought event. Here, we quantified the reduction in tree growth during drought (an inverse measure of drought resistance) and post-drought recovery for three montane conifers (Abies concolor, Pinus jeffreyi, and Pinus lambertiana) in California. We used tree ring analysis to quantify responses to drought events of varying intensity between 1895 and 2018 across a geographic climatic gradient, to examine the roles of tree size (DBH) and competition (tree density) in mediating drought responses. We found that years of more intense drought corresponded with larger growth reductions and recovery rates were lower following drought years where trees suffered larger reductions. We found little variation among species in their growth reductions during drought events, but significant differences among species in their recovery post-drought. Across the geographic gradient, trees in the driest locations were susceptible to large growth reductions, signaling either strong sensitivity to drought intensity or exposure to the most extreme drought conditions. These growth reductions were not always compensated for by higher recovery rates. We also found that larger trees were more susceptible to drought due to a steeper negative relationship between recovery rates and the intensity of growth reduction during the drought. Contrary to expectations, recovery rates following the most detrimental drought years were higher in denser forests. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering how factors at various spatial and temporal scales affect the different components of drought responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bohner
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Diez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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16
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Mu YM, Fang O, Lyu L. Nighttime warming alleviates the incidence of juniper forest growth decline on the Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2021; 782:146924. [PMID: 33848864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent warming over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is approximately twice the global-mean surface temperature increase and poses a threat to the healthy growth of forests. Although many studies have focused on whether recent climate warming has caused forest growth decline on the TP, it remains unclear how asymmetric warming, that is faster increasing nighttime temperature than daytime, impacts forest growth decline. We explored this question by using a ring-width index series from 1489 juniper trees (Juniperus prezwalskii and J. tibetica) at 50 sites on the TP. We calculated the percentage of trees with growth decline (PTD) to reconstruct historical forest growth decline and employed a piecewise structural equation meta-model (pSEM) and linear mixed model (LMM) to explore influencing factors. We found that the PTD has decreased since the late 19th century, with an abrupt decreasing trend since the 1980s. Results of the pSEM show that winter minimum temperature has a stronger indirect negative effect on the variation in PTD (β = -0.24, p < 0.05) compared to that of the weak indirect positive effect of summer maximum temperature (β = 0.16, p < 0.05). The results of LMM show that the variation in PTD is directly negatively (p < 0.001) affected by both winter minimum temperature and summer total precipitation, but the former has a greater independent contribution than the latter (with 17.7% vs 2.5% of variances independently explained, respectively). These results suggest that increased winter minimum temperature substantially mitigates the growth decline in juniper forests on the TP. As the minimum temperature generally occurs at night, we conclude that the asymmetric increase in nighttime temperature has decreased the incidence of juniper forest growth decline on the TP under climate warming. This alleviating effect of nighttime warming is likely due to reduced low-temperature constraints and reduced damage to tree growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ouya Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lixin Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Pompa-García M, González-Cásares M, Gazol A, Camarero JJ. Run to the hills: Forest growth responsiveness to drought increased at higher elevation during the late 20th century. Sci Total Environ 2021; 772:145286. [PMID: 33578149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is expected to enhance forest growth in cold-limited biomes while triggering reductions in drought-limited biomes. However, as temperature raises, it is unclear how temperature- and drought-growth couplings shift across elevation gradients in different biomes. We still lack comprehensive analyses on how altitude modulates the influence of temperature and drought on tree growth during the second half of the 20th century when climate warming accelerated. We compared the worldwide responses of tree growth (RWI, ring-width indices) to two of its major climatic constraints, growing-season minimum temperatures and drought (SPEI index), across biomes and elevation gradients during two periods with different warming rates (1960-1980 vs. 1980-2000). We found a decrease in the correlations of minimum temperatures with growth, but a strengthening of drought-growth relationships. However, these patterns varied across biomes because correlations between growth and temperature decreased in temperate forests and woodland shrubland, while correlations between growth and SPEI increased in boreal forests and decreased in temperate forests. Differences in growth responsiveness to climate between the two periods were more marked for mid-latitude forests situated between 1200 and 1600 m. The slopes of the relationships between growth-temperature correlations and elevation decreased in late spring and midsummer. The slopes of the relationships between growth-drought correlations and elevation increased in temperate forests and woodland shrubland suggesting that drought impacts are "climbing" in these biomes. Temperature controls on forest growth are relaxing as the climate warms, while drought is becoming a more significant constraint for tree growth, particularly for mid-elevation forests and in drought-prone woodland and shrubland. The strengthening of drought-growth coupling should be considered in vegetation models to reduce the uncertainty on forest climate mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marín Pompa-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico.
| | | | - Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain.
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18
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Vicente-Serrano SM, Peña-Angulo D, Murphy C, López-Moreno JI, Tomas-Burguera M, Domínguez-Castro F, Tian F, Eklundh L, Cai Z, Alvarez-Farizo B, Noguera I, Camarero JJ, Sánchez-Salguero R, Gazol A, Grainger S, Conradt T, Boincean B, El Kenawy A. The complex multi-sectoral impacts of drought: Evidence from a mountainous basin in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Sci Total Environ 2021; 769:144702. [PMID: 33736257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the impacts of drought severity on a variety of sectors in a topographically complex basin (the upper Aragón basin 2181 km2) in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Using diverse data sources including meteorological and hydrological observations, remote sensing and tree rings, we analyze the possible hydrological implications of drought occurrence and severity on water availability in various sectors, including downstream impacts on irrigation water supply for crop production. Results suggest varying responses in forest activity, secondary growth, plant phenology, and crop yield to drought impacts. Specifically, meteorological droughts have distinct impacts downstream, mainly due to water partitioning between streamflow and irrigation channels that transport water to crop producing areas. This implies that drought severity can extend beyond the physical boundaries of the basin, with impacts on crop productivity. This complex response to drought impacts makes it difficult to develop objective basin-scale operational definitions for monitoring drought severity. Moreover, given the high spatial variability in responses to drought across sectors, it is difficult to establish reliable drought thresholds from indices that are relevant across all socio-economic sectors. The anthropogenic impacts (e.g. water regulation projects, ecosystem services, land cover and land use changes) pose further challenges to assessing the response of different systems to drought severity. This study stresses the need to consider the seasonality of drought impacts and appropriate drought time scales to adequately assess and understand their complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Vicente-Serrano
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - D Peña-Angulo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Murphy
- Irish Climate Analysis and Research UnitS (ICARUS), Department of Geography, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - J I López-Moreno
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Tomas-Burguera
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Domínguez-Castro
- Aragonese Agency for Research and Development Researcher (ARAID), Spain; Department of Geography, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Tian
- Department of Geography, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Eklundh
- Department of Geography, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Z Cai
- Department of Geography, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Alvarez-Farizo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Noguera
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J J Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Sánchez-Salguero
- Departamento Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Grainger
- Irish Climate Analysis and Research UnitS (ICARUS), Department of Geography, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - T Conradt
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - B Boincean
- Selectia Research Institute Of Field Crops, Balti, Republic of Moldova
| | - A El Kenawy
- Department of Geography, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud, Muscat, Oman
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Camarero JJ, Sánchez-Salguero R, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Lechuga V, Viñegla B, Seco JI, Taïqui L, Carreira JA, Linares JC. Drought, axe and goats. More variable and synchronized growth forecasts worsening dieback in Moroccan Atlas cedar forests. Sci Total Environ 2021; 765:142752. [PMID: 33082041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how climate warming and land-use changes determine the vulnerability of forests to drought is critical. However, we still lack: (i) robust quantifications of long-term growth changes during aridification processes, (ii) links between growth decline, changes in forest cover, stand structure and soil conditions, and (iii) forecasts of growth variability to projected climate warming. We investigated tree-ring records over the past 400-700 years, quantified changes in grazing area and forest cover during the 20th century, sampled current stand structure, and analyzed soil organic carbon δ13C and total nitrogen δ15N of Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière) Moroccan forests to characterize their dieback. Atlas cedar forests experienced massive dieback after the 1970s, particularly in the xeric High Atlas region. Forest cover increased in the less xeric regions (Middle Atlas and Rif) by almost 20%, while it decreased about 18% in the High Atlas, where soil δ13C and δ15N showed evidences of grazing. Growth declined and became more variable in response to recent droughts. The relative growth reduction (54%) was higher in the Middle Atlas than elsewhere (Rif, 32%; High Atlas, 36%). Growth synchrony between forests located within the Middle and High Atlas regions increased after the 1970s. Simulations based on a worst-case emission scenario and rapid warming forecast a stronger limitation of growth by low soil moisture in all regions, but particularly in the Middle Atlas and after the mid-21st century. Climate warming is expected to strengthen growth synchronization preceding dieback of conifer forests in xeric regions. The likelihood of similar dieback episodes is further exacerbated by historical degradation of these forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | - Víctor Lechuga
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Benjamín Viñegla
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - José I Seco
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Lahcen Taïqui
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Mhannech II. 93002, B.P 212111 Tétouan, Morocco
| | - José A Carreira
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Juan C Linares
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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20
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Martin-Benito D, Pederson N, Férriz M, Gea-Izquierdo G. Old forests and old carbon: A case study on the stand dynamics and longevity of aboveground carbon. Sci Total Environ 2021; 765:142737. [PMID: 33572037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most information on the ecology of oak-dominated forests in Europe comes from forests altered for centuries because remnants of old-growth forests are rare. Disturbance and recruitment regimes in old-growth forests provide information on forest dynamics and their effects on long-term carbon storage. In an old-growth Quercus petraea forest in northwestern Spain, we inventoried three plots and extracted cores from 166 live and dead trees across canopy classes (DBH ≥ 5 cm). We reconstructed disturbance dynamics for the last 500 years from tree-ring widths. We also reconstructed past dynamics of above ground biomass (AGB) and recent AGB accumulation rates at stand level using allometric equations. From these data, we present a new tree-ring-based approach to estimate the age of carbon stored in AGB. The oldest tree was at least 568 years, making it the oldest known precisely-dated oak to date and one of the oldest broadleaved trees in the Northern Hemisphere. All plots contained trees over 400 years old. The disturbance regime was dominated by small, frequent releases with just a few more intense disturbances that affected ≤20% of trees. Oak recruitment was variable but rather continuous for 500 years. Carbon turnover times ranged between 153 and 229 years and mean carbon ages between 108 and 167 years. Over 50% of AGB (150 Mg·ha-1) persisted ≥100 years and up to 21% of AGB (77 Mg·ha-1) ≥300 years. Low disturbance rates and low productivity maintained current canopy oak dominance. Absence of management or stand-replacing disturbances over the last 500 years resulted in high forest stability, long carbon turnover times and long mean carbon ages. Observed dynamics and the absence of shade-tolerant species suggest that oak dominance could continue in the future. Our estimations of long-term carbon storage at centennial scales in unmanaged old-growth forests highlights the importance of management and natural disturbances for the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA
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21
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Reed CC, Hood SM. Few generalizable patterns of tree-level mortality during extreme drought and concurrent bark beetle outbreaks. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:141306. [PMID: 32846245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tree mortality associated with drought and concurrent bark beetle outbreaks is expected to increase with further climate change. When these two types of disturbance occur in concert it complicates our ability to accurately predict future forest mortality. The recent extreme California USA drought and bark beetle outbreaks resulted in extensive tree mortality and provides a unique opportunity to examine questions of why some trees die while others survive these co-occurring disturbances. We use plot-level data combined with a three-proxy tree-level approach using radial growth, carbon isotopes, and resin duct metrics to evaluate 1) whether variability in stand structure, tree growth or size, carbon isotope discrimination, or defenses precede mortality, 2) how relationships between these proxies differ for surviving and now-dead trees, and 3) whether generalizable risk factors for tree mortality exist across pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla), ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa), white fir (Abies concolor), and incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) affected by the combination of drought and beetle outbreaks. We find that risk factors associated with mortality differ between species, and that few generalizable patterns exist when bark beetle outbreaks occur in concert with a particularly long, hot drought. We see evidence that both long-term differences in physiology and shorter-term beetle-related selection and variability in defenses influence mortality susceptibility for ponderosa pine, whereas beetle dynamics may play a more prominent role in mortality patterns for white fir and pinyon pine. In contrast, incense cedar mortality appears to be attributable to long-term effects of growth suppression. Risk factors that predispose some trees to drought and beetle-related mortality likely reflect species-specific strategies for dealing with these particular disturbance types. The combined influence of beetles and drought necessitates the consideration of multiple, species-specific risk factors to more accurately model forest mortality in the face of similar extreme events more likely under future climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C Reed
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA.
| | - Sharon M Hood
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA
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22
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Hood SM, Reed CC, Kane JM. Axial resin duct quantification in tree rings: A functional defense trait. MethodsX 2020; 7:101035. [PMID: 32939350 PMCID: PMC7476316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin ducts in the secondary xylem of tree rings are a measure of a tree's defense capacity from insects and pathogens. Because resin ducts are permanently embedded within the xylem, retrospective analysis can be performed to quantify changes in defense over time and determine factors that contribute to this change, such as climate and disturbance. Here, we provide methods on how to measure axial resin ducts in secondary xylem. These methods provide the necessary protocols for consistent quantification of xylem resin ducts and terminology, which will also allow easier cross-comparison among studies in the future. We describe:•Steps to prepare tree cores for resin duct measurements.•Procedure to obtain image and measure individual resin ducts.•Software code to compile duct measurements into a complete chronology with both standardized and unstandardized resin duct metrics for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M. Hood
- UDSA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Charlotte C. Reed
- UDSA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Kane
- Department of Forestry and Wildland Resources, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA
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23
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Manrique-Alba À, Beguería S, Molina AJ, González-Sanchis M, Tomàs-Burguera M, Del Campo AD, Colangelo M, Camarero JJ. Long-term thinning effects on tree growth, drought response and water use efficiency at two Aleppo pine plantations in Spain. Sci Total Environ 2020; 728:138536. [PMID: 32339833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
In Mediterranean areas where drought-induced forest dieback and tree mortality have been widely reported, it is still under debate how the likely risks of climate change will affect tree growth and consequently forest productivity. Increasing tree mortality has been associated not only to increased drought, but also to a lack of management in many dense pine forests and plantations, where warming may intensify tree-to-tree competition for soil water. This emphasizes the need of using silviculture to adapt dense stands of Mediterranean pine reforestations to warmer and drier conditions. Here we combined dendrochronology and C and O isotope analyses of wood in two Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) plantations, growing under semiarid conditions and experimentally thinned at high and moderate intensities along with control. The main aim was to understand the responses of radial growth and water use efficiency (WUEi) to different thinning intensities, and to analyze the effectiveness of thinning to enhance post-drought growth resilience. Thinning had a positive effect on growth, produced an increase of δ18O, reduced growth sensitivity to drought and decreased WUEi, suggesting a reduction of drought stress. These results were consistent across sites, and were significant even 20 years after the intervention took place. Considering the climate effects on growth through the SPEI drought index to calculate resistance and recovery indices, an increase of resistance after thinning was observed. We conclude that high thinning intensity (50% of basal area removed) is a useful silviculture intervention on Mediterranean Aleppo pine plantations that enhances their growth, and makes them less dependent on harsh climatic conditions, improving their resilience against drought and consequently making them better adapted to more unfavourable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio J Molina
- Research Group in Forest Science and Technology (Re-ForeST), Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María González-Sanchis
- Research Group in Forest Science and Technology (Re-ForeST), Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio D Del Campo
- Research Group in Forest Science and Technology (Re-ForeST), Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michele Colangelo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain; School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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24
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Voltas J, Aguilera M, Gutiérrez E, Shestakova TA. Shared drought responses among conifer species in the middle Siberian taiga are uncoupled from their contrasting water-use efficiency trajectories. Sci Total Environ 2020; 720:137590. [PMID: 32143049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A shift from temperature-limited to water-limited tree performance is occurring at around 60°N latitude across the circumboreal biome, in concord with current warming trends. This shift is likely to induce extensive vegetation changes and forest die-back, and also to exacerbate biotic outbreaks and wildfires, affecting the global carbon budget. We used carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) in tree rings to analyze the long-term physiological responses of five representative species that coexist in the middle taiga of Western Siberia, including dark-needled, drought-susceptible (Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica) and light-needled, drought-resistant (Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris) conifers. We hypothesized that droughts are differentially imprinted in dark and light conifers, with stronger Δ13C-responsiveness in the latter reflecting a more conservative water use. We found similar Δ13C-climate relationships related to the moisture regime of the summer season across species, indicating shared drought responses; however, divergent intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) trajectories from 1950 to 2013 were observed for pines (increasing by ca. 10%) and other conifers (increasing by ca. 25%). These contrasting patterns suggested the passive and active stomatal regulation of gas exchange in these trees, respectively, and led us to discard our initial hypothesis. Discriminant analysis shed light on the climate characteristics responsible for such differential behavior, with years having lower temperatures from May through August (3 °C colder on average) being responsible for reduced pine WUEi. This finding may be related to the higher plasticity of phenology of pines and the greater susceptibility of fir and spruce to cold damage and heat shock during the early growing season (late April-May). Together with recent negative growth trends and increasing ring-width vs. Δ13C coupling, these results indicate the greater susceptibility of spruce and fir, compared with pines and larch, in boreal ecosystems when transitioning from a temperature- to a moisture-sensitive regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Voltas
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avda, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Stoffel M, Slaveykova VI, Corona C, Ballesteros Cánovas JA. When scientists become detectives: investigating systematic tree poisoning in a protected cove. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03386. [PMID: 32072064 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic killing of trees is usually aimed at eradicating pests or alien plant species susceptible to harm existing natural ecosystems. In some cases, trees may become the subject of dispute between neighbors, which sometimes ends in tree death after months or years of dispute. In this paper, we analyze a case of clandestine tree killing and look into ways through which evidence left by delinquents can be analyzed a posteriori with state-of-the-art approaches. The investigation presented here looks at a series of old-growth trees that were supposedly poisoned inside a protected, nineteenth century grove in Switzerland. After the sudden, unexplained death of several old Black poplar (Populus nigra) trees along the main alley in fall 2015 and their subsequent removal, the dying of five additional, neighboring Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) and English walnut (Juglans regia) trees in 2016 promptly triggered a suite of criminal investigations at the property. During an initial inspection, a large number of boreholes was found in the root plates of the dying trees. We present findings obtained from tree-ring, wood anatomical and dendrogeochemical investigations performed on root, stem and leave material from the assumedly poisoned trees and show that massive amounts of chemical elements – supposedly in the form organic pesticides with high Al, As, Fe, Cr, Ni contents, aluminum phosphides or glyphosate-based pesticides – were injected into 36 boreholes drilled into the roots around September 2016. Results obtained in this study are currently used in criminal investigations, and are a nice example of how scientific detectives can help their “real World” colleagues in identifying delinquents.
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Büntgen U, Liebhold A, Nievergelt D, Wermelinger B, Roques A, Reinig F, Krusic PJ, Piermattei A, Egli S, Cherubini P, Esper J. Return of the moth: rethinking the effect of climate on insect outbreaks. Oecologia 2020; 192:543-552. [PMID: 31919693 PMCID: PMC7002459 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The sudden interruption of recurring larch budmoth (LBM; Zeiraphera diniana or griseana Gn.) outbreaks across the European Alps after 1982 was surprising, because populations had regularly oscillated every 8–9 years for the past 1200 years or more. Although ecophysiological evidence was limited and underlying processes remained uncertain, climate change has been indicated as a possible driver of this disruption. An unexpected, recent return of LBM population peaks in 2017 and 2018 provides insight into this insect’s climate sensitivity. Here, we combine meteorological and dendrochronological data to explore the influence of temperature variation and atmospheric circulation on cyclic LBM outbreaks since the early 1950s. Anomalous cold European winters, associated with a persistent negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, coincide with four consecutive epidemics between 1953 and 1982, and any of three warming-induced mechanisms could explain the system’s failure thereafter: (1) high egg mortality, (2) asynchrony between egg hatch and foliage growth, and (3) upward shifts of outbreak epicentres. In demonstrating that LBM populations continued to oscillate every 8–9 years at sub-outbreak levels, this study emphasizes the relevance of winter temperatures on trophic interactions between insects and their host trees, as well as the importance of separating natural from anthropogenic climate forcing on population behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK.
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrew Liebhold
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forestry and Wood Sciences, 165 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Nievergelt
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Beat Wermelinger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alain Roques
- INRA, UR633 Unité de Recherche de Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, 45075, France
| | - Frederick Reinig
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul J Krusic
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
| | - Alma Piermattei
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
| | - Simon Egli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Esper
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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Pacheco A, Camarero JJ, Pompa-García M, Battipaglia G, Voltas J, Carrer M. Growth, wood anatomy and stable isotopes show species-specific couplings in three Mexican conifers inhabiting drought-prone areas. Sci Total Environ 2020; 698:134055. [PMID: 31499349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An improved understanding of how tree species will respond to warmer conditions and longer droughts requires comparing their responses across different environmental settings and considering a multi-proxy approach. We used several traits (tree-ring width, formation of intra-annual density fluctuations - IADFs, wood anatomy, Δ13C and δ18O records) to retrospectively quantify these responses in three conifers inhabiting drought-prone areas in northwestern Mexico. A fir species (Abies durangensis) was studied in a higher altitude and slightly rainier site and two pine species were sampled in a nearby, lower drier site (Pinus engelmannii, Pinus cembroides). Tree-ring-width indices (TRWi) of the studied species showed a very similar year-to-year variability likely indicating a common climatic signal. Wood anatomy analyses done over 3.5 million measured cells, showed that P. cembroides lumen area was much smaller than in the other two species and it remained constant along all the studied period (over 64 years). Instead, cell wall thickness was widest in P. engelmannii and this species presented the highest amount of intra-annual density fluctuations. Climate and wood anatomy correlations pointed out that lumen area was positively affected by winter precipitation for all studied species, while cell-wall thickness was negatively affected by this season's precipitation in all species but P. cembroides. Stable isotope analysis showed significantly lower values of Δ13C for P. cembroides and no significant δ18O differences between the three species, although they shared a common decreasing trend. With very distinct wood anatomical traits (smaller cells, compact morphology), P. cembroides stood out as the better adapted species in its current environment and could be less affected by future drier climate. P. engelmannii and A. durangensis showed high plasticity at wood anatomical level, allowing them to promptly respond to seasonal water availability but likely gives few advantages on future climate scenarios with longer and frequent drought spells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Pacheco
- Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Dip. TeSAF, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, Apdo 202, E-50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marín Pompa-García
- University of Juarez del Estado de Durango, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Rıo Papaloapan y Blvd. Durango S/N Col. Valle del Sur, CP 34120 Durango, Mexico
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Jordi Voltas
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Marco Carrer
- Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Dip. TeSAF, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Sangüesa-Barreda G, Camarero JJ, Sánchez-Salguero R, Gutiérrez E, Linares JC, Génova M, Ribas M, Tíscar PA, López-Sáez JA. Droughts and climate warming desynchronize Black pine growth across the Mediterranean Basin. Sci Total Environ 2019; 697:133989. [PMID: 31484092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of climate change on forest growth are not homogeneous across tree species distribution ranges because of inter-population variability and spatial heterogeneity. Although latitudinal and thermal gradients in growth patterns have been widely investigated, changes in these patterns along longitudinal gradients due to the different timing and severity of regional droughts are less studied. Here, we investigated these responses in Mediterranean Black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.). We built a tree-ring width dataset comprising 77 forests (1202 trees) across the Mediterranean Basin. The biogeographical patterns in growth patterns and the relationships between growth and mean temperature, precipitation, drought and atmospheric circulations patterns (NAO -North Atlantic Oscillation-, SOI -Southern Oscillation Index- and MOI -Mediterranean Oscillation index-) were analyzed. Then, we evaluated the spatial and temporal growth synchrony between and within east and west populations. We found different growth and climate patterns in west vs. east Black pine populations, although in both regions growth was driven by similar temperature and precipitation variables. MOI significantly influenced tree growth, whilst NAO and SOI showed weaker effects. Growth of east and west Black pine populations desynchronized after the 1970s when several and uncoupled regional droughts occurred across the Mediterranean Basin. We detected a climate shift from the 1970s to the 1980s affecting growth patterns, changing growth-climate relationships, and reducing forest growth from west to east Black pine forests. Afterwards, climate and growth of east and west populations became increasingly more divergent. Our findings imply that integral bioclimatic and biogeographical analyses across the species distribution area must be considered to adequately assess the impact of climate change on tree growth under warming and more arid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda
- Depto. de Ciencias Agroforestales, EiFAB-iuFOR, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria s/n, 42004 Soria, Spain; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- Depto. de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientlas, secció Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Linares
- Depto. de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mar Génova
- Depto. Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Univ. Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Ramiro de Maezlu s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ribas
- Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientlas, secció Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Antonio Tíscar
- Centro de Capacitación y Experimentación Forestal Vadillo-Castril, 23470 Cazorla, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-Sáez
- Archaeobiology Group, Instituto de Historia (CCHS-CSIC), Calle de Albasanz 26, 28037 Madrid, Spain
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Collado E, Bonet JA, Camarero JJ, Egli S, Peter M, Salo K, Martínez-Peña F, Ohenoja E, Martín-Pinto P, Primicia I, Büntgen U, Kurttila M, Oria-de-Rueda JA, Martínez-de-Aragón J, Miina J, de-Miguel S. Mushroom productivity trends in relation to tree growth and climate across different European forest biomes. Sci Total Environ 2019; 689:602-615. [PMID: 31279206 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although it is logical to think that mycorrhizal mushroom production should be somehow related to the growth of the trees from which the fungi obtain carbohydrates, little is known about how mushroom yield patterns are related to tree performance. In this study, we delved into the understanding of the relationships between aboveground fungal productivity, tree radial growth patterns and climatic conditions across three latitudinally different bioclimatic regions encompassing Mediterranean, temperate and boreal forest ecosystems in Europe. For this purpose, we used a large assemblage of long-term data of weekly or biweekly mushroom yield monitoring in Spain, Switzerland and Finland. We analysed the relationships between annual mushroom yield (considering both biomass and number of sporocarps per unit area), tree ring features (tree ring, earlywood and latewood widths), and meteorological conditions (i.e. precipitation and temperature of summer and autumn) from different study sites and forest ecosystems, using both standard and partial correlations. Moreover, we fitted predictive models to estimate mushroom yield from mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungal guilds based on climatic and dendrochronological variables. Significant synchronies between mushroom yield and climatic and dendrochronological variables were mostly found in drier Mediterranean sites, while few or no significant correlations were found in the boreal and temperate regions. We observed positive correlations between latewood growth and mycorrhizal mushroom biomass only in some Mediterranean sites, this relationship being mainly mediated by summer and autumn precipitation. Under more water-limited conditions, both the seasonal wood production and the mushroom yield are more sensitive to precipitation events, resulting in higher synchrony between both variables. This comparative study across diverse European forest biomes and types provides new insights into the relationship between mushroom productivity, tree growth and weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Collado
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain; Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - J A Bonet
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain; Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - J J Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Egli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - M Peter
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - K Salo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - F Martínez-Peña
- European Mycological Institute EGTC-EMI, 42003 Soria, Spain; Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon CITA, Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Ohenoja
- Biodiversity Unit/Botanical Museum, P.O.B. 3000, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - P Martín-Pinto
- Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenible (UVA-INIA), Avda. Madrid, s/n, E-34004 Palencia, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias de Palencia (ETSIIA), Universidad de Valladolid (UVA), Avda. Madrid, s/n, E-34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - I Primicia
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - U Büntgen
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK; Global Change Research Centre and Masaryk University Brno, Bělidla 986/4a, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Kurttila
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - J A Oria-de-Rueda
- Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenible (UVA-INIA), Avda. Madrid, s/n, E-34004 Palencia, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias de Palencia (ETSIIA), Universidad de Valladolid (UVA), Avda. Madrid, s/n, E-34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - J Martínez-de-Aragón
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - J Miina
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - S de-Miguel
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain; Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain
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Carrer M, Pellizzari E, Prendin AL, Pividori M, Brunetti M. Winter precipitation - not summer temperature - is still the main driver for Alpine shrub growth. Sci Total Environ 2019; 682:171-179. [PMID: 31112818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High latitude and altitude environments are universally recognized as particularly sensitive to environmental changes and the current climate warming is inducing remarkable transformations on vegetation assemblage in these temperature-limited regions. However, next to the wealth of studies describing the effect of rising growing season temperature on trees, much less is known about the concurrent effects of precipitation and snowpack dynamics on the other key component of alpine vegetation represented by prostrate life forms. Selecting the most widespread shrub species in the North Hemisphere, we assembled a monospecific (Juniperus communis L.) network of 7 sites overarching the European Alps, measured the annual growth on >330 individuals and assessed the climate-growth associations for the last century (1910-2010) adopting a new model estimating the solid fraction of precipitation from unique highly-resolved daily climate records. Despite the high space-time variability of the yearly precipitation amount and distribution across the region, our analysis found a prominent, consistent and negative role of winter precipitation for shrub growth. Moreover, this crucial role of snow is maintained even in recent years, despite the persistent and significant warming trend. The presence of this underrated key factor for Alpine long-lived vegetation will require a thorough consideration. For the prostrate life form, not only temperature but also the solid fraction of winter precipitation should be considered to improve the projections of future growth trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carrer
- TeSAF Department, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Elena Pellizzari
- TeSAF Department, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mario Pividori
- TeSAF Department, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Brunetti
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
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González-Cásares M, Pompa-García M, Venegas-González A, Domínguez-Calleros P, Hernández-Díaz J, Carrillo-Parra A, González-Tagle M. Hydroclimatic variations reveal differences in carbon capture in two sympatric conifers in northern Mexico. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7085. [PMID: 31218130 PMCID: PMC6568252 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forest ecosystems are considered among the largest terrestrial carbon sinks. The dynamics of forest carbon depend on where the carbon is stored and its responses to environmental factors, as well as the physiology of the trees. Thus, threatened forest regions with high biodiversity have great scientific importance, such as the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico. A comparative analysis of tree species can expand the knowledge of the carbon cycle dynamics and ecological processes in this region. Here, we examined the growth, wood density, and carbon accumulation of two threatened species (Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cupressus lusitanica) to evaluate their hydroclimatic responsiveness. Methods The temporal variations in the carbon accumulation patterns of two co-occurring species (P. menziesii and C. lusitanica) and their sensitivity to the local climate were studied using dendroecological techniques, X-ray densitometry, and allometric equations. Results The results show that the annual carbon accumulation in C. lusitanica is positively associated with the temperature during the current fall, while the carbon accumulation in P. menziesii is correlated with the rainfall during the winter of the previous year. The climatic responses are associated with the intra-annual variations of wood density and ring widths for each species. The ring width was strongly correlated with carbon accumulation in C. lusitanica, while the mean wood density was linked to carbon accumulation in P. menziesii. Discussion This study has implications for the carbon accumulation rates of both species, revealing differences in the carbon capture patterns in response to climatic variations. Although the species coexist, there are variation in the hydroclimatic sensitivity of the annual carbon sequestered by trunks of trees, which would be associated with tree-ring width and/or wood density, i.e., directly by anatomical features. The results are relevant to analyze the response to the variability of climatic conditions expected in the near future of the tree communities of Sierra Madre Occidental. Therefore, this study provides a basis for modeling the long-term carbon budget projections in terrestrial ecosystems in northern Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos González-Cásares
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México.,Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
| | - Marín Pompa-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
| | - Alejandro Venegas-González
- Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - José Hernández-Díaz
- Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
| | - Artemio Carrillo-Parra
- Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
| | - Marco González-Tagle
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
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Xiao SC, Ding AJ, Tian QY, Han C, Peng XM. Site- and species-specific climatic responses of two co-occurring shrubs in the temperate Alxa Desert Plateau, northwest China. Sci Total Environ 2019; 667:77-85. [PMID: 30826683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global precipitation anomalies and climate warming, the evolution of fragile desert ecosystems, which account for one-third of the world's land area, will become more complex. Studies of regional climate change and ecosystem response are important components of global climate change research, especially in arid desert regions. Zygophyllum xanthoxylum and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus are two dominant but endangered shrub species in the Alxa Desert in the arid region of central Asia. Using dendrochronological methods, we studied the response of radial growth of those two species to climate factors, and the adaptability of the two shrub populations under a regional warming trend. We found that radial growth of both shrubs was mainly affected by precipitation during the growing season. In additionally, along with the decrease of precipitation and the increase of temperature from east to west of Alxa desert Plateau, the limiting effect of drought during the growing season on radial growth increased. The climate response characteristics and changes between dry and wet periods exhibited spatial and temporal heterogeneity due to micro-level geomorphological factors. Under a regional climate warming trend, individual growth and population development of the two endangered shrubs will be adversely affected. In areas where these species are naturally distributed, populations will gradually become concentrated in micro-geomorphic regions with better soil moisture conditions, such as low-lying areas in the gullies that develop in alluvial fans. This finding has important scientific significance for understanding the development of the region's dominant shrub populations and protection of these and other endangered plants in arid desert areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ai-Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quan-Yan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Dye A, Ross Alexander M, Bishop D, Druckenbrod D, Pederson N, Hessl A. Size-growth asymmetry is not consistently related to productivity across an eastern US temperate forest network. Oecologia 2019; 189:515-28. [PMID: 30515662 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Modeling and forecasting forests as carbon sinks require that we understand the primary factors affecting productivity. One factor thought to be positively related to stand productivity is the degree of asymmetry, or the slope of the relationship between tree size and biomass growth. Steeper slopes indicate disproportionate productivity of big trees relative to small trees. Theoretically, big trees outcompete smaller trees during favorable growth conditions because they maintain better access to light. For this reason, high productivity forests are expected to have asymmetric growth. However, empirical studies do not consistently support this expectation, and those that do are limited in spatial or temporal scope. Here, we analyze size-growth relationships from 1970 to 2011 across a diverse network of forest sites in the eastern United States (n = 16) to test whether asymmetry is consistently related to productivity. To investigate this relationship, we analyze asymmetry-productivity relationships between our 16 forests at non-overlapping annual, 2-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year sampling intervals and find that asymmetry is negatively related to productivity, but the strength depends on the specific interval considered. Within-site temporal variability in asymmetry and productivity are generally positively correlated over time, except at the 5-year remeasurement interval. Rather than confirming or failing to support a positive relationship between asymmetry and productivity, our findings suggest caution interpreting these metrics since the relationship varies across forest types and temporal scales.
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Bosela M, Lukac M, Castagneri D, Sedmák R, Biber P, Carrer M, Konôpka B, Nola P, Nagel TA, Popa I, Roibu CC, Svoboda M, Trotsiuk V, Büntgen U. Contrasting effects of environmental change on the radial growth of co-occurring beech and fir trees across Europe. Sci Total Environ 2018; 615:1460-1469. [PMID: 29055588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under predicted climate change, native silver fir (Abies alba) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) are the most likely replacement species for the Norway spruce (Picea abies) monocultures planted across large parts of continental Europe. Our current understanding of the adaptation potential of fir-beech mixed forests to climate change is limited because long-term responses of the two species to environmental changes have not yet been comprehensively quantified. We compiled and analysed tree-ring width (TRW) series from 2855 dominant, co-dominant, sub-dominant and suppressed fir and beech trees sampled in 17 managed and unmanaged mixed beech-fir forest sites across Continental Europe, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Germany, Italy, Romania and Slovakia. Dendroecological techniques that combine various detrending methods were used to investigate variation in radial growth of co-occurring fir and beech trees. Coincidental with peak SO2 emissions, the growth of silver fir declined between 1950 and 1980 at most sites, whereas beech growth increased during this period. Correspondent to a significant warming trend from 1990-2010, average beech growth declined, but silver fir growth increased. Long-term growth patterns and growth-climate sensitivity of fir and beech trees did not significantly differ between managed and unmanaged forests. Multi-decadal changes in the growth rate of all vertical tree classes were similar. In contrast to previous indications of limited drought susceptibility of beech mixed stands, this study suggests that the mixture of tree species in forest stands does not necessarily prevent growth depressions induced by long-term environmental change. Our results further imply that forest management does not necessarily alter their sensitivity to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bosela
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Lukac
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic; School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | | | - Róbert Sedmák
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Biber
- Forest Growth and Yield Science, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Marco Carrer
- Department TeSAF, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Bohdan Konôpka
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovakia; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paola Nola
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ionel Popa
- National Research and Development Institute for Silviculture, Forest Research Station for Norway Spruce Silviculture, Campulung Moldovenesc, Romania; INCE - Mountain Economy Center CE-MONT Vatra Dornei, Romania
| | | | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; CzechGlobe, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
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Fazan L, Guillet S, Corona C, Kozlowski G, Stoffel M. Imprisoned in the Cretan mountains: How relict Zelkova abelicea (Ulmaceae) trees cope with Mediterranean climate. Sci Total Environ 2017; 599-600:797-805. [PMID: 28499228 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the sensitivity of the relict, endemic Cretan tree species Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. (Ulmaceae) to several climate variables (temperature, precipitation and drought). For this purpose, we establish the first centennial tree-ring chronology for the species, and the first ever tree-ring chronology for a broadleaved species on Crete. We demonstrate the strong sensitivity of Z. abelicea towards precipitation and drought in late spring to early summer and the absence of a significant response to abundant precipitation occurring during winter or early spring. Whereas the late spring sensitivity is strong and consistent through time, the species seems to be experiencing a loss of signal towards early summer conditions since the 1970s, interpreted as an earlier cessation of cambial activity due to the increase in summer drought conditions on Crete. However, despite a reduced vegetative period, no significant decrease in radial growth of Z. abelicea was observed in the tree-ring series for the last decades, thus highlighting the capacity of Z. abelicea to withstand changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Fazan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biology and Botanical Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Sébastien Guillet
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Dendrolab.ch, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraichers 13, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe Corona
- GEOLAB UMR CNRS 6042, Rue Ledru 4, FR-63057 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
| | - Gregor Kozlowski
- Department of Biology and Botanical Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Natural History Museum Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Dendrolab.ch, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraichers 13, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Fyllas NM, Christopoulou A, Galanidis A, Michelaki CZ, Dimitrakopoulos PG, Fulé PZ, Arianoutsou M. Tree growth-climate relationships in a forest-plot network on Mediterranean mountains. Sci Total Environ 2017; 598:393-403. [PMID: 28448931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study we analysed a novel tree-growth dataset, inferred from annual ring-width measurements, of 7 forest tree species from 12 mountain regions in Greece, in order to identify tree growth - climate relationships. The tree species of interest were: Abies cephalonica, Abies borisii-regis, Picea abies, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus frainetto growing across a gradient of climate conditions with mean annual temperature ranging from 5.7 to 12.6°C and total annual precipitation from 500 to 950mm. In total, 344 tree cores (one per tree) were analysed across a network of 20 study sites. We found that water availability during the summer period (May-August) was a strong predictor of interannual variation in tree growth for all study species. Across species and sites, annual tree growth was positively related to summer season precipitation (PSP). The responsiveness of annual growth to PSP was tightly related to species and site specific measurements of instantaneous photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE), suggesting that the growth of species with efficient water use is more responsive to variations in precipitation during the dry months of the year. Our findings support the importance of water availability for the growth of mountainous Mediterranean tree species and highlight that future reductions in precipitation are likely to lead to reduced tree-growth under climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos M Fyllas
- Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Christopoulou
- Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Galanidis
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Z Michelaki
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | | | - Peter Z Fulé
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Margarita Arianoutsou
- Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Janda P, Trotsiuk V, Mikoláš M, Bače R, Nagel TA, Seidl R, Seedre M, Morrissey RC, Kucbel S, Jaloviar P, Jasík M, Vysoký J, Šamonil P, Čada V, Mrhalová H, Lábusová J, Nováková MH, Rydval M, Matějů L, Svoboda M. The historical disturbance regime of mountain Norway spruce forests in the Western Carpathians and its influence on current forest structure and composition. For Ecol Manage 2017; 388:67-78. [PMID: 28860676 PMCID: PMC5572639 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to gauge ongoing and future changes to disturbance regimes, it is necessary to establish a solid baseline of historic disturbance patterns against which to evaluate these changes. Further, understanding how forest structure and composition respond to variation in past disturbances may provide insight into future resilience to climate-driven alterations of disturbance regimes. We established 184 plots (mostly 1000 m2) in 14 primary mountain Norway spruce forests in the Western Carpathians. On each plot we surveyed live and dead trees and regeneration, and cored around 25 canopy trees. Disturbance history was reconstructed by examining individual tree growth trends. The study plots were further aggregated into five groups based on disturbance history (severity and timing) to evaluate and explain its influence on forest structure. These ecosystems are characterized by a mixed severity disturbance regime with high spatiotemporal variability in severity and frequency. However, periods of synchrony in disturbance activity were also found. Specifically, a peak of canopy disturbance was found for the mid-19th century across the region (about 60% of trees established), with the most important periods of disturbance in the 1820s and from the 1840s to the 1870s. Current stand size and age structure were strongly influenced by past disturbance activity. In contrast, past disturbances did not have a significant effect on current tree density, the amount of coarse woody debris, and regeneration. High mean densities of regeneration with height >50 cm (about 1400 individuals per ha) were observed. Extensive high severity disturbances have recently affected Central European forests, spurring a discussion about the causes and consequences. We found some evidence that forests in the Western Carpathians were predisposed to recent severe disturbance events as a result of synchronized past disturbance activity, which partly homogenized size and age structure and made recent stands more vulnerable to bark beetle outbreak. Our data suggest that these events are still part of the range of natural variability. The finding that regeneration density and volume of coarse woody debris were not influenced by past disturbance illustrates that vastly different past disturbance histories are not likely to change the future trajectories of these forests. These ecosystems currently have high ecological resilience to disturbance. In conclusion, we suggest that management should recognize disturbances as a natural part of ecosystem dynamics in the mountain forests of Central Europe, account for their stochastic occurrence in management planning, and mimic their patterns to foster biodiversity in forest landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Janda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. (P. Janda)
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mikoláš
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
- PRALES, o. z., Odtrnovie 563, SK-013 22 Rosina, Slovakia
| | - Radek Bače
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas A. Nagel
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria
| | - Meelis Seedre
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Robert C. Morrissey
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
| | | | - Peter Jaloviar
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University of Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Marián Jasík
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
- PRALES, o. z., Odtrnovie 563, SK-013 22 Rosina, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Vysoký
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
- PRALES, o. z., Odtrnovie 563, SK-013 22 Rosina, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Šamonil
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Čada
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Mrhalová
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Lábusová
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta H. Nováková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Rydval
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Matějů
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic
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Leonelli G, Battipaglia G, Cherubini P, Saurer M, Siegwolf RTW, Maugeri M, Stenni B, Fusco S, Maggi V, Pelfini M. Larix decidua δ 18O tree-ring cellulose mainly reflects the isotopic signature of winter snow in a high-altitude glacial valley of the European Alps. Sci Total Environ 2017; 579:230-237. [PMID: 27890416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the chronologies of cellulose stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) and tree-ring widths from European larch (Larix decidua) in a high-altitude site (2190ma.s.l.) at the bottom of a glacial valley in the Italian Alps, and investigated their dependence on monthly meteorological variables and δ18O precipitation values. The δ18O of tree-ring cellulose appears to be strongly driven by the δ18O of winter snowfall (November to March), which suggests that larch trees mostly use the snow-melt water of the previous winter during the growing season. This water, which also comes from the slope streams and from the underground flow of nearby steep slopes, infiltrates the soil in the valley bottom. The tree-ring cellulose δ18O values were also found to be influenced by the August precipitation δ18O and mean temperature. The associated regression model shows that the δ18O chronology from the tree rings explains up to 34% of the variance in the winter precipitation δ18O record, demonstrating the potential for reconstructing the δ18O isotopic composition of past winter precipitation in the study region. Unlike most other tree-ring studies that focus on growing season signals, in our study the summer signal was small and the winter signal dominant due to the special conditions of the glacial valley. Site topography, geomorphology and soil characteristics in particular influence the stable isotope signal in tree-ring cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Leonelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Seconda Università di Napoli, Caserta, Italy; PALECO EPHE Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Maurizio Maugeri
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Stenni
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Università Ca' Foscari, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Stella Fusco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Valter Maggi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Pelfini
- Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Liu B, Wang Y, Zhu H, Liang E, Camarero JJ. Topography and age mediate the growth responses of Smith fir to climate warming in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:1577-1587. [PMID: 26939794 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau holds some of the world's highest undisturbed natural treelines and timberlines. Such extreme environments constitute potentially valuable monitoring sites of the effects of climate warming on high-elevation forests. Here, we analyze a network of 21 Smith fir forests situated in the Sygera Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, using tree-ring width (TRW) and basal area increment (BAI) chronologies. Sampled sites encompassed a wide elevation gradient, from 3600 to 4400 m, including some treeline sites and diverse aspects and tree ages. In comparison with TRW series, BAI series better capture the long-term warming signal. Previous November and current April and summer temperatures are the dominant climatic factors controlling Smith fir radial growth. The mean inter-series correlations of TRW increased upwards, but the forest limit presented the highest potential to reconstruct past temperature variability. Moreover, the growth responses of young trees were less stable than those of trees older than 100 years. Climate warming is accelerating radial growth of Smith fir forest subjected to mesic conditions. Collectively, these findings confirm that the effects of site elevation and tree age should be considered when quantifying climate-growth relationships. The type of tree-ring data (BAI vs. TRW) is also relevant since BAI indices seem to be a better climatic proxy of low-frequency temperature signals than TRW indices. Therefore, site (e.g., elevation) and tree (e.g., age) features should be considered to properly evaluate the effects of climate warming on growth of high-elevation forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - H Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - E Liang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - J J Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana, 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
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Puchałka R, Koprowski M, Przybylak J, Przybylak R, Dąbrowski HP. Did the late spring frost in 2007 and 2011 affect tree-ring width and earlywood vessel size in Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) in northern Poland? Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:1143-50. [PMID: 26607274 PMCID: PMC4961729 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Trees are sensitive to extreme weather and environmental conditions. This sensitivity is visible in tree-ring widths and cell structure. In our study, we hypothesized that the sudden frost noted at the beginning of May in both 2007 and 2011 affected cambial activity and, consequently, the number and size of vessels in the tree rings. It was decided to test this hypothesis after damage to leaves was observed. The applied response function model did not show any significant relationships between spring temperature and growth. However, this method uses average values for long periods and sometimes misses the short-term effects. This is why we decided to study each ring separately, comparing them with rings unaffected by the late frost. Our study showed that the short-term effect of sudden frost in late spring did not affect tree rings and selected cell parameters. The most likely reasons for this are (i) cambial activity producing the earlywood vessels before the occurrence of the observed leaf damage, (ii) the forest micro-climate protecting the trees from the harsh frost and (iii) the temperature decline being too short-lived an event to affect the oaks. On the other hand, the visible damage may be occasional and not affect cambium activity and tree vitality at all. We conclude that oak is well-adapted to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Puchałka
- Herbarium TRN, Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Marcin Koprowski
- Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Julia Przybylak
- Nicolaus Copernicus University Academic Secondary School, Szosa Chełmińska 83, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Rajmund Przybylak
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Kolář T, Čermák P, Oulehle F, Trnka M, Štěpánek P, Cudlín P, Hruška J, Büntgen U, Rybníček M. Pollution control enhanced spruce growth in the "Black Triangle" near the Czech-Polish border. Sci Total Environ 2015; 538:703-11. [PMID: 26327638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in certain areas of Central Europe have experienced substantial dieback since the 1970s. Understanding the reasons for this decline and reexamining the response of forests to acid deposition reduction remains challenging because of a lack of long and well-replicated tree-ring width chronologies. Here, spruce from a subalpine area heavily affected by acid deposition (from both sulfur and nitrogen compounds) is evaluated. Tree-ring width measurements from 98 trees between 1000 and 1350m above sea level (a.s.l.) reflected significant May-July temperature signals. Since the 1970s, acid deposition has reduced the growth-climate relationship. Efficient pollution control together with a warmer but not drier climate most likely caused the increased growth of spruce stands in this region, the so-called "Black Triangle," in the 1990s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Kolář
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Čermák
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Oulehle
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Regional Office Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Cudlín
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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