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Elmi A, Correa F, Ventrella D, Scozzoli M, Vannetti NI, Govoni N, Truzzi E, Belperio S, Trevisi P, Bacci ML, Nannoni E. Can environmental nebulization of lavender essential oil (L. angustifolia) improve welfare and modulate nasal microbiota of growing pigs? Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105251. [PMID: 38554612 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of phytoextracts has been proposed as a method to improve animal welfare, also in pigs, by reducing stress and anxiety and improving performances. Lavandula angustifolia (Miller) essential oil (LaEO) is an interesting calming phytoextract that could be administered by inhalation for prolonged periods of time to help pigs coping with on-farm conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of daily inhalation of vaporized LaEO on pigs' welfare and health indicators, and nasal microbiota, trying to understand whether this phytoextract represents a feasible tool to improve animal welfare under intensive farming conditions. Eighty-four crossbred barrows were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: control (C); lavender (L): 3 vaporization sessions of 10 min each of a custom made 1% solution of LaEO; sham (S): same vaporization sessions of L group but only using the solution vehicle. Experimental readouts included growth parameters, behavioural traits, tail and skin lesions, hair steroids and nasal microbiota. L group animals did not show altered growth performance and seemed calmer (increased recumbency time), with decreased amount of skin lesions also associated with lower severity class for tail lesions. They also showed decreased CORT/DHEA ratio, potentially suggesting a beneficial effect of LaEO. Inhalation of LaEO significantly affected the nasal pig microbiome by reducing its diversity. Overall, the study suggests how inhalation of Lavender essential oil may be capable of improving welfare in growing pigs, yet it is pivotal to consider the microbial modulatory capabilities of essential oils before exploiting them on larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Scozzoli
- SIROE - Italian Society for Research on Essential Oils (Società Italiana per la Ricerca sugli Oli Essenziali), Viale Regina Elena, 299, Roma 00161, Italy
| | - Niccolò Ian Vannetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Govoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Belperio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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García Viñado I, Correa F, Trevisi P, Bee G, Ollagnier C. A non-invasive tool to collect small intestine content in post weaning pigs: validation study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9964. [PMID: 38693207 PMCID: PMC11063154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Capsule for Sampling (CapSa) is an ingestible capsule that collects small intestine content while transiting through the natural digestive pathway. In this study, 14 Swiss Large White pigs weighing less than 12 kg (Category < 12 kg) and 12 weighing between 12 and 20 kg (Category [12-20 kg]) were given two CapSas and monitored for three days. The animals were euthanized for post-mortem sampling, allowing us to directly obtain gut microbiota samples from the gastrointestinal tract. This post-mortem approach enabled a direct comparison between the microbial content from the gut and the samples collected via the CapSas, and it also facilitated precise identification of the CapSas' sampling sites within the gastrointestinal tract. For the category under 12 kg, only 2.3% of the administered CapSas were recovered from the feces. In contrast, in the 12-20 kg category, 62.5% of the CapSas were successfully retrieved from the feces within 48 h. Of these recovered CapSas, 73.3%-equating to 11 capsules from eight pigs-had a pH > 5.5 and were therefore selected for microbiome analysis. Bacterial composition of the CapSas was compared with that of the three segments of the small intestine, the large intestine and feces of the corresponding pig. The results were tested using a PERMANOVA model (Adonis) including sample type as a factor, and then pairwise comparisons were made. The bacterial composition found in the CapSas differed from that of the large intestine and feces (P < 0.01), while it did not differ from the first segment of the small intestine (P > 0.10). This study provides evidence that the CapSa effectively samples the intestinal microbiota from the upper section of the small intestine in post-weaning pigs. Furthermore, it was found that the collection of CapSas could only be successfully achieved in pigs classified within the heavier weight category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés García Viñado
- Pig Research Unit, Agroscope, 1725, Posieux, Switzerland
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bee
- Pig Research Unit, Agroscope, 1725, Posieux, Switzerland
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Luise D, Correa F, Cestonaro G, Sattin E, Conte G, Mele M, Archetti I, Virdis S, Negrini C, Galasso I, Stefanelli C, Mazzoni M, Nataloni L, Trevisi P, Costanzo E. Effect of different doses of camelina cake inclusion as a substitute of dietary soyabean meal on growth performance and gut health of weaned pigs. Br J Nutr 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38606551 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Camelina cake (CAM) is a co-product proposed as an alternative protein source; however, piglet data are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of CAM in substitution of soyabean meal on the growth, health and gut health of weaned pigs. At 14 d post-weaning (d0), sixty-four piglets were assigned either to a standard diet or to a diet with 4 %, 8 % or 12 % of CAM. Piglets were weighed weekly. At d7 and d28, faeces were collected for microbiota and polyamine and blood for reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and thyroxine analysis. At d28, pigs were slaughtered, organs were weighed, pH was recorded on gut, colon was analysed for volatile fatty acids (VFA) and jejunum was used for morphological and gene expression analysis. Data analysis was carried out using a mixed model including diet, pen and litter as factors; linear and quadratic contrasts were tested. CAM linearly reduced the average daily gain from d0-d7, d0-d14, d0-d21 and d0-d28 (P ≤ 0·01). From d0-d7 increasing CAM linearly decreased feed intake (P = 0·04) and increased linearly the feed to gain (P = 0·004). CAM increased linearly the liver weight (P < 0·0001) and affected the cadaverine (P < 0·001). The diet did not affect the ROM, thyroxine, intestinal pH, VFA and morphology. All doses of CAM increased the α diversity indices at d28 (P < 0·05). CAM at 4 % promoted the abundance of Butyricicoccaceae_UCG-008. Feeding with CAM enhanced resilience in the gut microbiome and can be evaluated as a potential alternative protein source with dose-dependent limitations on piglet growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin, Bologna40127, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin, Bologna40127, Italy
| | - Giulia Cestonaro
- Cereal Docks S.p.A - Dipartimento Ricerca & Innovazione (E. Costanzo, G. Cestonaro), Cereal Docks S.p.A (L. Nataloni) via Innovazione 1, Camisano Vicentino, 36043, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Ivonne Archetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna Bruno Ubertini, V. Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Virdis
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin, Bologna40127, Italy
| | - Clara Negrini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin, Bologna40127, Italy
| | - Incoronata Galasso
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, via Alfonso Corti 12, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921Rimini, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Luigi Nataloni
- Cereal Docks S.p.A - Dipartimento Ricerca & Innovazione (E. Costanzo, G. Cestonaro), Cereal Docks S.p.A (L. Nataloni) via Innovazione 1, Camisano Vicentino, 36043, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin, Bologna40127, Italy
| | - Enrico Costanzo
- Cereal Docks S.p.A - Dipartimento Ricerca & Innovazione (E. Costanzo, G. Cestonaro), Cereal Docks S.p.A (L. Nataloni) via Innovazione 1, Camisano Vicentino, 36043, Italy
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Scicchitano D, Leuzzi D, Babbi G, Palladino G, Turroni S, Laczny CC, Wilmes P, Correa F, Leekitcharoenphon P, Savojardo C, Luise D, Martelli P, Trevisi P, Aarestrup FM, Candela M, Rampelli S. Dispersion of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in pig farms and in the surrounding environment. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:17. [PMID: 38555432 PMCID: PMC10981832 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance has been identified as a major threat to global health. The pig food chain is considered an important source of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the dispersion of ARGs in pig production system, including the external environment. RESULTS In the present study, we longitudinally followed one swine farm located in Italy from the weaning phase to the slaughterhouse to comprehensively assess the diversity of ARGs, their diffusion, and the bacteria associated with them. We obtained shotgun metagenomic sequences from 294 samples, including pig feces, farm environment, soil around the farm, wastewater, and slaughterhouse environment. We identified a total of 530 species-level genome bins (SGBs), which allowed us to assess the dispersion of microorganisms and their associated ARGs in the farm system. We identified 309 SGBs being shared between the animals gut microbiome, the internal and external farm environments. Specifically, these SGBs were characterized by a diverse and complex resistome, with ARGs active against 18 different classes of antibiotic compounds, well matching antibiotic use in the pig food chain in Europe. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results highlight the urgency to implement more effective countermeasures to limit the dispersion of ARGs in the pig food systems and the relevance of metagenomics-based approaches to monitor the spread of ARGs for the safety of the farm working environment and the surrounding ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Scicchitano
- Fano Marine Center, Fano, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Leuzzi
- Fano Marine Center, Fano, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Babbi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Palladino
- Fano Marine Center, Fano, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paul Wilmes
- University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Castrense Savojardo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marco Candela
- Fano Marine Center, Fano, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Fano Marine Center, Fano, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Luise D, Correa F, Negrini C, Virdis S, Mazzoni M, Dalcanale S, Trevisi P. Blend of natural and natural identical essential oil compounds as a strategy to improve the gut health of weaning pigs. Animal 2023; 17:101031. [PMID: 38035660 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaning is one of the most critical phases in pig's life, often leading to postweaning diarrhoea (PWD). Zinc oxide (ZnO), at pharmacological doses, has been largely used to prevent PWD; however, due to antimicrobial co-resistant and environmental pollution issues, the EU banned its use in June 2022. Natural or natural identical components of essential oils and their mixture with organic acids are possible alternatives studied for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two blends of natural or natural identical components of essential oils and organic acids compared to ZnO on health, performance, and gut health of weaned pigs. At weaning (d0), 96 piglets (7 058 ± 895 g) were assigned to one of four treatments balanced for BW and litter: CO (control treatment), ZnO (2 400 mg/kg ZnO from d0 to d14); Blend1 (cinnamaldehyde, ajowan and clove essential oils, 1 500 mg/kg feed); Blend2 (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and short- and medium-chain fatty acids, 2 000 mg/kg feed). Pigs were weighed weekly until d35. Faeces were collected at d13 and d35 for microbiota (v3-v4 regions of the 16 s rRNA gene) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) count analysis. At d14 and d35, eight pigs/treatment were slaughtered; pH was recorded on intestinal contents and jejunal samples were collected for morphological and gene expression analysis. From d7-d14, the Blend2 had a lower average daily gain (ADG) than CO and ZnO (P < 0.05). ZnO and Blend1 never differed in ADG and feed intake. At d14, ZnO had a lower caecum pH than all other treatments. The CO treatment had a higher abundance of haemolytic E. coli than Blend1 (P = 0.01). At d13, the ZnO treatment had a lower alpha diversity (P < 0.01) and a different microbial beta diversity (P < 0.001) compared to the other treatments. At d13, the ZnO treatment was characterised by a higher abundance of Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group (Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) score = 4.5, P = 0.011), Parabacteroides (LDA score = 4.5, P adj. = 0.005), the CO was characterised by Oscillospiraceae UCG-005 (LDA score = 4.3, P adj. = 0.005), Oscillospiraceae NK4A214_group (LDA score = 4.2, P adj. = 0.02), the Blend2 was characterised by Megasphaera (LDA score = 4.1, P adj. = 0.045), and Ruminococcus (LDA score = 3.9, P adj. = 0.015) and the Blend1 was characterised by Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (LDA score = 4.6, P adj. < 0.001) and Treponema (LDA score = 4.5, P adj. < 0.001). In conclusion, Blend1 allowed to maintain the gut health of postweaning piglets through modulation of the gut microbiome, the reduction of haemolytic E. coli while Blend2 did not help piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Negrini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Virdis
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - S Dalcanale
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Scarafile D, Luise D, Motta V, Spiezio C, Modesto M, Porcu MM, Yitzhak Y, Correa F, Sandri C, Trevisi P, Mattarelli P. Faecal Microbiota Characterisation of Potamochoerus porcus Living in a Controlled Environment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1542. [PMID: 37375044 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria establish a specific relationship with the host animal, which causes the acquisition of gut microbiota with a unique composition classified as the enterotype. As the name suggests, the Red River Hog is a wild member of the pig family living in Africa, in particular through the West and Central African rainforest. To date, very few studies have analysed the gut microbiota of Red River Hogs (RRHs) both housed under controlled conditions and in wild habitats. This study analysed the intestinal microbiota and the distribution of Bifidobacterium species in five Red River Hog (RRH) individuals (four adults and one juvenile), hosted in two different modern zoological gardens (Parco Natura Viva, Verona, and Bioparco, Rome) with the aim of disentangling the possible effects of captive different lifestyle and host genetics. Faecal samples were collected and studied both for bifidobacterial counts and isolation by means of culture-dependent method and for total microbiota analysis through the high-quality sequences of the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA. Results showed a host-specific bifidobacterial species distribution. Indeed, B. boum and B. thermoacidophilum were found only in Verona RRHs, whereas B. porcinum species were isolated only in Rome RRHs. These bifidobacterial species are also typical of pigs. Bifidobacterial counts were about 106 CFU/g in faecal samples of all the individuals, with the only exception for the juvenile subject, showing 107 CFU/g. As in human beings, in RRHs a higher count of bifidobacteria was also found in the young subject compared with adults. Furthermore, the microbiota of RRHs showed qualitative differences. Indeed, Firmicutes was found to be the dominant phylum in Verona RRHs whereas Bacteroidetes was the most represented in Roma RRHs. At order level, Oscillospirales and Spirochaetales were the most represented in Verona RRHs compared with Rome RRHs, where Bacteroidales dominated over the other taxa. Finally, at the family level, RRHs from the two sites showed the presence of the same families, but with different levels of abundance. Our results highlight that the intestinal microbiota seems to reflect the lifestyle (i.e., the diet), whereas age and host genetics are the driving factors for the bifidobacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Scarafile
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Motta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Spiezio
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva-Garda Zoological Park, 37012 Bussolengo, Italy
| | - Monica Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marzia Mattia Porcu
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yadid Yitzhak
- Fondazione Bioparco di Roma, Viale del Giardino Zoologico, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camillo Sandri
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva-Garda Zoological Park, 37012 Bussolengo, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Luise D, Chalvon-Demersay T, Correa F, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Review: A systematic review of the effects of functional amino acids on small intestine barrier function and immunity in piglets. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 2:100771. [PMID: 37003917 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to reduce the use of antibiotics and zinc oxide at the pharmacological level, while preserving the performance of postweaning piglets, involves finding adequate nutritional strategies which, coupled with other preventive strategies, act to improve the sustainability of the piglet-rearing system. Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins; however, they also have many other functions within the body. AA supplementation, above the suggested nutritional requirement for piglets, has been investigated in the diets of postweaning piglets to limit the detrimental consequences occurring during this stressful period. A systematic review was carried out to summarise the effects of AAs on gut barrier function and immunity, two of the parameters contributing to gut health. An initial manual literature search was completed using an organised search strategy on PubMed, utilising the search term " AND ". These searches yielded 302 articles (published before October 2021); 59 were selected. Based on the method for extracting data (synthesis of evidence), this review showed that L-Arginine, L-Glutamine and L-Glutamate are important functional AAs playing major roles in gut morphology and immune functions. Additional benefits of AA supplementation, refereed to a supplementation above the suggested nutritional requirement for piglets, could also be observed; however, data are needed to provide consistent evidence. Taken together, this review showed that supplementation with AAs during the weaning phase supported a plethora of the physiological functions of piglets. In addition, the data reported confirmed that each amino acid targets different parameters related to gut health, suggesting the existence of potential synergies among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - F Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Correa F, Luise D, Palladino G, Scicchitano D, Brigidi P, Martelli PL, Babbi G, Turroni S, Litta G, Candela M, Rampelli S, Trevisi P. Influence of body lesion severity on oxidative status and gut microbiota of weaned pigs. Animal 2023; 17:100818. [PMID: 37172356 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Body lesions in pigs are a common welfare concern, particularly during the weaning period. These lesions can lead to pain, infection, and impaired mobility, resulting in reduced growth performance and increased mortality. Moreover, weaning stress can affect gut microbiota, immune response and increase the oxidative stress of piglets during this transition period. It has been hypothesised that social stress and body lesions could contribute to affect the gut microbiota, physiological and immune response of piglets. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the body lesions due to social stress on microbial profile, immune response, and oxidative status of weaned piglets. Lesion score (LS) on skin, tail, ear, neck, middle trunk, and hind quarters was measured 1 week (28 days of age, T1) and 7 weeks postweaning (T2) on 45 tail-docked pigs according to the method suggested from the Walfer Quality® (2009) on a scale from 0 to 2. Based on the LS, at T1, piglets were classified as High LS (n = 16), when LS was >1 in at least two of the areas considered, or Low LS (n = 29). At T2, based on the same scoring system and to the LS observed at T1, piglets were divided into four groups: High to Low LS (H-L, n = 11), High to High LS (H-H, n = 5), Low to Low LS (L-L, n = 21) and Low to High LS (L-H, n = 8). Blood and faecal samples were collected at T1 and T2. At T1, pigs with a high LS had a lower biological antioxidant potential compared with the L group (P < 0.02). At T2, the L-H group had a lower Reactive Oxygen Metabolites concentration compared with the H-H group (P = 0.03) while the L-L group had a lower concentration of Immunoglobulin A compared with H-H and L-H groups (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively). At T1, piglets with high LS had a different microbiota compared to piglets with low LS (R2 = 0.04, P < 0.01). Low LS pigs were characterised by a higher abundance of Firmicutes, Blautia, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, Faecalibacterium, Megasphaera, Subdoligranulum (P.adj < 0.05), while pigs with high LS were characterised by higher abundance of Bacteroidota, Rikenellaceae RC9, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, uncultured-Lachnospiraceae and uncultured-Oscillospiraceae (P.adj < 0.05). At T2, the H-H group were characterised by Oscillospirales-UCG-010, H-L by Agatobachter and L-L by Alloprevotella (P.adj < 0.05). Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between body lesions, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota in weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Correa
- Department of Agro-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Luise
- Department of Agro-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Palladino
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Scicchitano
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P L Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Babbi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Litta
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - M Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Trevisi
- Department of Agro-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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9
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Luise D, Correa F, Stefanelli C, Simongiovanni A, Chalvon-Demersay T, Zini M, Fusco L, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Productive and physiological implications of top-dress addition of branched-chain amino acids and arginine on lactating sows and offspring. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:40. [PMID: 36879289 PMCID: PMC9990366 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including L-leucine (L-Leu), L-isoleucine (L-Ile), L-valine (L-Val), and L-arginine (L-Arg), play a crucial role in mammary gland development, secretion of milk and regulation of the catabolic state and immune response of lactating sows. Furthermore, it has recently been suggested that free amino acids (AAs) can also act as microbial modulators. This study aimed at evaluating whether the supplementation of lactating sows with BCAAs (9, 4.5 and 9 g/d/sow of L-Val, L-Ile and L-Leu, respectively) and/or L-Arg (22.5 g/d/sow), above the estimated nutritional requirement, could influence the physiological and immunological parameters, microbial profile, colostrum and milk composition and performance of sows and their offspring. RESULTS At d 41, piglets born from the sows supplemented with the AAs were heavier (P = 0.03). The BCAAs increased glucose and prolactin (P < 0.05) in the sows' serum at d 27, tended to increase immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM in the colostrum (P = 0.06), increased the IgA (P = 0.004) in the milk at d 20 and tended to increase lymphocyte% in the sows' blood at d 27 (P = 0.07). Furthermore, the BCAAs tended to reduce the Chao1 and Shannon microbial indices (P < 0.10) in the sows' faeces. The BCAA group was discriminated by Prevotellaceae_UCG-004, Erysipelatoclostridiaceae UCG-004, the Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Treponema berlinense. Arginine reduced piglet mortality pre- (d 7, d 14) and post-weaning (d 41) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Arg increased the IgM in the sow serum at d 10 (P = 0.05), glucose and prolactin (P < 0.05) in the sow serum at d 27 and the monocyte percentage in the piglet blood at d 27 (P = 0.025) and their jejunal expression of NFKB2 (P = 0.035) while it reduced the expression of GPX-2 (P = 0.024). The faecal microbiota of the sows in Arg group was discriminated by Bacteroidales. The combination of BCAAs and Arg tended to increase spermine at d 27 (P = 0.099), tended to increase the Igs (IgA and IgG, P < 0.10) at d 20 in the milk, favoured the faecal colonisation of Oscillospiraceae UCG-005 and improved piglet growth. CONCLUSION Feeding Arg and BCAAs above the estimated requirements for milk production may be a strategy to improve sow productive performance in terms of piglet average daily gain (ADG), immune competence and survivability via modulation of the metabolism, colostrum and milk compositions and intestinal microbiota of the sows. The synergistic effect between these AAs, noticeable by the increase of Igs and spermine in the milk and in the improvement of the performance of the piglets, deserves additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | | | | | - Maddalena Zini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Fusco
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.,Freelancer, Reggio nell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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10
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Beyer D, Loghmani A, Correa F, Yesbeck L, Purcell O, Engel LS, Modica M. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a stress-induced “broken heart”. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Trevisi P, Negrini C, Correa F, Virdis S, Laghi L, Marcello M, Conte G, Mazzoni M, Luise D. Insight into the long-term impact of birth weight on intestinal development, microbial settlement, and the metabolism of weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad395. [PMID: 38064718 PMCID: PMC10963063 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant mortality of low birth body weight (LBBW) piglets can reach 10% and is mainly due to gut and immune system immaturity which can lead to a higher risk in the long term. This study aimed to assess the impact of birth body weight (BBW) on piglet metabolism, gut status, and microbial profile from weaning to 21 d postweaning. At birth, 32 piglets were selected for their BBW and inserted into the normal BBW (NBBW:1.38 ± 0.09 g) or the LBBW (0.92 ± 0.07 g) group. The piglets were weighed weekly from weaning (d0) to d21. At d9 and d21, 8 piglets/group were slaughtered to obtain the distal jejunum for morphology, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis, colon content for microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis, and intestinal content for pH measurement. Blood was collected for metabolomic, haptoglobin (Hp), and reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) analysis. The LBBW group had a lower body weight (BW) throughout the study (P < 0.01), a lower average daily gain from d9-d21 (P = 0.002), and lower feed intake (P = 0.02). The LBBW piglets had lower Hp at d9 (P = 0.03), higher ROMs at d21 (P = 0.06), and a net alteration of the amino acid (AA) metabolism at d9 and d21. A higher expression of NFKB2 was observed in the LBBW piglets at d9 (P = 0.003) and d21 (P < 0.001). MYD88 expression was enhanced in NBBW piglets at d9 (P < 0.001). The LBBW piglets had a lower villus height, absorptive mucosal surface (P = 0.01), and villus height:crypt depth ratio (P = 0.02), and a greater number of T-lymphocytes in both the epithelium and the crypts (P < 0.001) at d21. At d21, the LBBW piglets had higher lactic acid, acetate, butyrate, and valerate, and also higher SCFA in the colon (P < 0.05). The LBBW piglets had a higher Shannon index (P = 0.01) at d9 and a higher abundance of SCFA-fermenting bacteria. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that LBBW could impact the gut mucosal structure, immunity, and inflammatory and oxidative status, leading to an altered AA metabolism, and delaying the recovery from weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Clara Negrini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Virdis
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Mele Marcello
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Correa F, Luise D, Negrini C, Ruggeri R, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Effect of two milk supplements and two ways of administration on growth performance, welfare and fecal microbial ecology of suckling piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1050414. [PMID: 36923055 PMCID: PMC10008956 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1050414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two MS formulas, DanMilk™ (AB Neo, Denmark) (MS1) and Neopigg® RescueMilk (Provimi, Netherlands) (MS2) administered manually and to compare two ways of administration (manual vs automatic) of MS1 on growth performance, health, fecal microbial profile, behavior, and skin lesions of piglets during suckling and post-weaning. Methods Forty litters (528 piglets) were divided into 4 groups: 1) Control group receiving no MS (CON); 2) MS1 administered automatically (A-MS1); 3) MS1 administered manually (Ma-MS1) 4) MS2 administered manually (Ma-MS2). All groups had access to sow milk and creep feed. On day 5 after birth (d0), litters were equalized (13.2 piglets/litter ± 0.8 SD), thereafter no cross-fostering was allowed. Piglets were weighed at day 5 after birth (d0), at the end of milk supplementation (d14), at weaning (d21 of the trial, 26 days of age) and ten days post-weaning (d31). Piglet welfare was assessed using behavioral and lesion measures at d4 and d10. Feces were collected at d14 and d21. Results and discussion During the suckling period, A-MS1 had lowest mortality (p < 0.05), while Ma-MS1 had lower mortality compared with CON and Ma-MS2 (p < 0.05). Negative social behavior at d4, was more frequent in MS groups (A-MS1, Ma-MS1, Ma-MS2) compared to CON group (p = 0.03). Growth performance and lesion prevalence were not affected by MS provision. During lactation, Ma-MS2 group had a higher percentage of piglets not eating during suckling at d18 compared with Ma-MS1 (p = 0.03). MS1 increased microbial diversity compared with CON at d14 (Chao1, p = 0.02; Shannon, p = 0.03) and compared with CON (Shannon, p < 0.05; InvSimpson, p = 0.01) and Ma-MS2 (Chao1, p < 0.05; Shannon, p = 0.05, InvSimpson p = 0.01) at d21. Groups that received MS1 were characterized by genera producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), i.e., Lachnospiraceae (A-MS1) and Oscillospiraceae (Ma-MS1). MS composition and availability can contribute to reduce piglet's mortality during the suckling phase and can also affect intestinal microbiota by favoring the presence of SCFAs producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Clara Negrini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Ruggeri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Agroscope, Pig Research Unit, Animal Production Systems and Animal Health, Posieux, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Correa F, Luise D, Amatucci L, Palumbo F, Virdis S, Negrini C, Clavenzani P, Vecchi M, Mazzoni M, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Effect of an Escherichia coli F4/F18 bivalent oral live vaccine on gut health and performance of healthy weaned pigs. Animal 2022; 16:100654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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14
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Checcucci A, Luise D, Modesto M, Correa F, Bosi P, Mattarelli P, Trevisi P. Correction to: Assessment of Biolog Ecoplate™ method for functional metabolic diversity of aerotolerant pig fecal microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4351-4352. [PMID: 35687159 PMCID: PMC9200679 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Checcucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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15
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Amatucci L, Luise D, Correa F, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Importance of Breed, Parity and Sow Colostrum Components on Litter Performance and Health. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101230. [PMID: 35625076 PMCID: PMC9137652 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of breed and parity on colostrum components, and to associate sow breed, parity, and colostrum components with survival, growth, and the occurrence of diarrhoea of their litters. In Experiment 1, 64 sows (Duroc = 13; Landrace = 17 and Large White = 34) were included. In Experiment 2, 71 sows with different parities (1 = 10; 2 = 16; 3 = 13; 4 = 12; ≥5 = 20) were included. The number (N) of live piglets, litter body weight (Experiment 1), and the occurrence of diarrhoea (Experiment 1) were recorded at farrowing, at 2−3 days of age, and at weaning. Colostrum was analysed for proximate composition, immunoglobulins (Igs), and somatic cell count (SCC). Stepwise regressions and ANOVA models were used to associate breed, parity, and colostrum components with litter performance. The Duroc breed had the highest IgG and IgA (p < 0.005). Gilts had a higher fat% and SCC (p< 0.0001); these compounds were positively correlated (r = 0.45). Increased IgA tended to increase the N of weaned piglets (p = 0.058) and reduce litter diarrhoea (p = 0.021). The SCC increased the N of weaned piglets (p = 0.031). Overall, this study confirmed that breed and parity can influence the colostrum composition and highlighted the key role of Igs and somatic cells in piglet health.
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16
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Martins CF, Trevisi P, Coelho DF, Correa F, Ribeiro DM, Alfaia CM, Pinho M, Pestana JM, Mourato MP, Almeida AM, Fontes CMGA, Freire JPB, Prates JAM. Influence of Chlorella vulgaris on growth, digestibility and gut morphology and microbiota of weaned piglet. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6012. [PMID: 35397660 PMCID: PMC8994764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of Chlorella vulgaris (5% in the diet), supplemented or not with two exogenous carbohydrase mixtures on piglets’ performance, nutrient digestibility and gut morphology, fermentation products and microbiota. Forty-four male piglets weaned at 28 days of age, with 11.2 ± 0.46 kg of live weight, were used and assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: cereal and soybean meal based-diet (control, n = 11), control diet with 5% of C. vulgaris (CH, n = 10), CH diet supplemented with 0.005% of Rovabio® Excel AP (CH + R, n = 10) and CH diet supplemented with 0.01% of a recombinant 4-carbohydrase mixture (CH + M, n = 11). Growth performance was not changed by the of C. vulgaris inclusion during 21 days of trial. However, total tract apparent digestibility of nutritional fractions was negatively impacted by the inclusion. In addition, the viscosity of duodenum plus jejunum contents slightly increased in all groups fed with the microalga. In contrast, dietary microalga increased duodenum villus height and promoted a healthier gut microbiota, with higher abundance of some specific bacterial taxa (Colidextribacter, Oscillospira and Lactobacillus). This study indicates that the dietary inclusion of 5% C. vulgaris improves piglets’ gut health without impairing performance. Data also indicate that C. vulgaris reduces nutrient digestibility but promotes compensatory developments of gut mucosa and prebiotic effects. Dietary supplementation with exogenous carbohydrases does not seem to be necessary for this inclusion level. Therefore, the incorporation of CH as a sustainable feed ingredient in piglets’ nutrition is a viable alternative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia F Martins
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- DISTAL-Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diogo F Coelho
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Federico Correa
- DISTAL-Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David M Ribeiro
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Alfaia
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Pinho
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M Pestana
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel P Mourato
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André M Almeida
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos M G A Fontes
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,NZYTech-Genes and Enzymes, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício E, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João P B Freire
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. .,NZYTech-Genes and Enzymes, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício E, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal.
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17
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Correa F, Luise D, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Weaning differentially affects the maturation of piglet peripheral blood and jejunal Peyer's patches. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1604. [PMID: 35102264 PMCID: PMC8803882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess how the post-weaning condition changes piglet peripheral blood (PB) and jejunal Peyer’s patches (JPPs) as compared to the suckling period, and how these changes are associated with intestinal microbiota evolution. Sixteen pigs were slaughtered and sampled for PB, JPPs and jejunal content (JC) at weaning (26 days) or at 12 days fed on a pre-starter diet. The PB and JPP transcriptomes were analysed using mRNA-seq. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to demonstrate enriched gene clusters, depending on sampling time. Jejunal microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Post-weaning JPPs were enriched for processes related to the activation of IFN-γ and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen processing which clustered with the reduced abundance of the Weisella genus and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in JC. The post-weaning microbiome differed from that seen in just-weaned pigs. For just-weaned PB, the enrichment of genes related to hemoglobin and the iron metabolism indicated the greater presence of reticulocytes and immature erythrocytes. The JPP genes involved in the I MHC and IFN-γ activations were markers of the post-weaning phase. Several genes attributable to reticulocyte and erythrocyte maturation could be interesting for testing the iron nutrition of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Luise D, Correa F, Fusco L, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Productive effects of a colostrum-oriented amino acid dietary supply for sows in transition from gestation to lactation. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1960210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luise
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Correa F, Torti V, Spiezio C, Checcucci A, Modesto M, Borruso L, Cavani L, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Luise D, Randrianarison RM, Gamba M, Rarojoson NJ, Sanguinetti M, Di Vito M, Bugli F, Mattarelli P, Trevisi P, Giacoma C, Sandri C. Disentangling the Possible Drivers of Indri indri Microbiome: A Threatened Lemur Species of Madagascar. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:668274. [PMID: 34421838 PMCID: PMC8378179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.668274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the gut microbiome may help with increasing our understanding of primate health with species' ecology, evolution, and behavior. In particular, microbiome-related information has the potential to clarify ecology issues, providing knowledge in support of wild primates conservation and their associated habitats. Indri (Indri indri) is the largest extant living lemur of Madagascar. This species is classified as "critically endangered" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, representing one of the world's 25 most endangered primates. Indris diet is mainly folivorous, but these primates frequently and voluntarily engage in geophagy. Indris have never been successfully bred under human care, suggesting that some behavioral and/or ecological factors are still not considered from the ex situ conservation protocols. Here, we explored gut microbiome composition of 18 indris belonging to 5 different family groups. The most represented phyla were Proteobacteria 40.1 ± 9.5%, Bacteroidetes 28.7 ± 2.8%, Synergistetes 16.7 ± 4.5%, and Firmicutes 11.1 ± 1.9%. Further, our results revealed that bacterial alpha and beta diversity were influenced by indri family group and sex. In addition, we investigated the chemical composition of geophagic soil to explore the possible ecological value of soil as a nutrient supply. The quite acidic pH and high levels of secondary oxide-hydroxides of the soils could play a role in the folivorous diet's gut detoxification activity. In addition, the high contents of iron and manganese found the soils could act as micronutrients in the indris' diet. Nevertheless, the concentration of a few elements (i.e., calcium, sulfur, boron, nickel, sodium, and chromium) was higher in non-geophagic than in geophagic soils. In conclusion, the data presented herein provide a baseline for outlining some possible drivers responsible for the gut microbiome diversity in indris, thus laying the foundations for developing further strategies involved in indris' conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Torti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Spiezio
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva – Garda Zoological Park, Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Checcucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luciano Cavani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rose M. Randrianarison
- Groupe d’Étude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Mention d’Anthropobiologie et de Deìveloppement Durable, Université de Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Marco Gamba
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Di Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giacoma
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Camillo Sandri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva – Garda Zoological Park, Verona, Italy
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Borruso L, Checcucci A, Torti V, Correa F, Sandri C, Luise D, Cavani L, Modesto M, Spiezio C, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Di Vito M, Bugli F, Randrianarison RM, Gamba M, Rarojoson NJ, Zaborra CA, Mattarelli P, Trevisi P, Giacoma C. I Like the Way You Eat It: Lemur (Indri indri) Gut Mycobiome and Geophagy. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:215-223. [PMID: 33471174 PMCID: PMC8282574 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the possible linkages among geophagy, soil characteristics, and gut mycobiome of indri (Indri indri), an endangered lemur species able to survive only in wild conditions. The soil eaten by indri resulted in enriched secondary oxide-hydroxides and clays, together with a high concentration of specific essential micronutrients. This could partially explain the role of the soil in detoxification and as a nutrient supply. Besides, we found that soil subject to geophagy and indris' faeces shared about 8.9% of the fungal OTUs. Also, several genera (e.g. Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium) commonly associated with soil and plant material were found in both geophagic soil and indri samples. On the contrary, some taxa with pathogenic potentials, such as Cryptococcus, were only found in indri samples. Further, many saprotrophs and plant-associated fungal taxa were detected in the indri faeces. These fungal species may be involved in the digestion processes of leaves and could have a beneficial role in their health. In conclusion, we found an intimate connection between gut mycobiome and soil, highlighting, once again, the potential consequent impacts on the wider habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy.
| | - Alice Checcucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Torti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camillo Sandri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva - Garda Zoological Park, Bussolengo, Verona, Italy
| | - Daine Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Cavani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Spiezio
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva - Garda Zoological Park, Bussolengo, Verona, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Maura Di Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Rose M Randrianarison
- Groupe d'Étude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), Cité des Professeurs, Fort Duchesne, BP 779, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Mention d'Anthropobiologie et de Développement Durable (MADD), Université de Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Marco Gamba
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nianja J Rarojoson
- Laboratoire de Pédologie, FOFIFA à Tsimbazaza, BP.1690, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Cesare Avesani Zaborra
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva - Garda Zoological Park, Bussolengo, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giacoma
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Correa F, Luise D, Castillo M, Peris S, Palomo-Yague A, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Effect of dietary supplementation with a blend of protected aromatic compounds, including benzoic acid, on growth performance and faecal microbial profile of weaned piglets as an alternative to Zinc Oxide. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Trevisi P, Luise D, Correa F, Messori S, Mazzoni M, Lallès JP, Bosi P. Maternal antibiotic treatment affects offspring gastric sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation in the pig. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:31. [PMID: 33731211 PMCID: PMC7972225 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scarce is knowledge on the process regulating the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling, and chemosensing in the stomach of young pigs. Changes of early microbial encounters by suckling pigs can interact with the gut maturation, by the induction of different molecular signaling. Our goal was to assess if the age of offspring and the maternal environment, influenced by sow antibiotic treatment peripartum, could affect gastric morphology and the expression of genes involved in the control of hydrochloric secretion, feed intake, taste, and inflammation in offspring stomach. Methods 84 pigs from sows fed a diet with amoxicillin (on –d10 to +d21 from farrowing, ANT) or without (CON) were sacrificed at d14, d21, d28 (weaning) or d42. Samples of oxyntic (OXY), pyloric (PY) and cardiac mucosae close to OXY were collected and parietal and enteroendocrine cells (EECs) were counted. Relative gene expression of a set of 11 key genes (ATP4A, SSTR2, GAST, GHRL, MBOAT4, PCSK1, GNAT1, TAS1R1, TAS1R3, IL8 and TNF) was assessed by qRT-PCR. In addition, 40 offspring obtained from the same ANT and CON sows were offered a normal or a fat-enriched diet for 4 weeks between 140 and 169 d of age, and then OXY and PY were sampled. Results The number of parietal and EECs increased with age (P < 0.001). ATP4A increased with age (within suckling, P = 0.043, post-weaning vs. suckling, P < 0.001), SSTR2 increased only after weaning (P < 0.001). In OXY, GHRL increased during suckling (P = 0.012), and post-weaning as a trend (P = 0.088). MBOAT4 tended to increase during suckling (P = 0.062). TAS1R1 increased from suckling to post-weaning period (P =0.001) and was lower in ANT offspring (P = 0.013). GNAT1 in PY was higher in ANT offspring (P = 0.041). Antibiotic treatment of sows peripartum increased expression of GHRL and MBOAT4 in OXY of growing-finishing offspring aged 5 months. Conclusions Data show that sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation can be affected by maternal environment, but the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling and taste perception in the stomach are mostly developmentally controlled. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00557-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Messori
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy.,Present Address: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Scientific Secretariat for the STAR-IDAZ International Research Consortium on animal health, 12 rue de Prony, 75017, Paris, France
| | - M Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, Ozzano nell'Emilia (BO), Bologna, Italy
| | - J P Lallès
- INRAE, Human Nutrition Division, Site of Theix, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - P Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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Arias A, Schander JA, Bariani MV, Correa F, Domínguez Rubio AP, Cella M, Cymeryng CB, Wolfson ML, Franchi AM, Aisemberg J. Dexamethasone-induced intrauterine growth restriction modulates expression of placental vascular growth factors and fetal and placental growth. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaab006. [PMID: 33528567 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids (GC) is a central topic of interest in medicine since GCs are essential for the maturation of fetal organs and intrauterine growth. Synthetic glucocorticoids, which are used in obstetric practice, exert beneficial effects on the fetus, but have also been reported to lead to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In this study, a model of growth restriction in mice was established through maternal administration of dexamethasone during late gestation. We hypothesised that GC overexposure may adversely affect placental angiogenesis and fetal and placental growth. Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to control or dexamethasone treatment, either left to give birth or euthanised on days 15, 16, 17 and 18 of gestation followed by collection of maternal and fetal tissue. The IUGR rate increased to 100% in the dexamethasone group (8 mg/kg body weight on gestational days 14 and 15) and pups had clinical features of symmetrical IUGR at birth. Dexamethasone administration significantly decreased maternal body weight gain and serum corticosterone levels. Moreover, prenatal dexamethasone treatment not only induced fetal growth retardation but also decreased placental weight. In IUGR placentas, VEGFA protein levels and mRNA expression of VEGF receptors were reduced and NOS activity was lower. Maternal dexamethasone administration also reduced placental expression of the GC receptor, αGR. We demonstrated that maternal dexamethasone administration causes fetal and placental growth restriction. Furthermore, we propose that the growth retardation induced by prenatal GC overexposure may be caused, at least partially, by an altered placental angiogenic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arias
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A Schander
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M V Bariani
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Correa
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A P Domínguez Rubio
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Cella
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C B Cymeryng
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Wolfson
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Franchi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Aisemberg
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Trevisi P, Luise D, Correa F, Bosi P. Timely Control of Gastrointestinal Eubiosis: A Strategic Pillar of Pig Health. Microorganisms 2021; 9:313. [PMID: 33546450 PMCID: PMC7913656 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an open ecosystem in which microorganisms and their host are mutually involved and continually adapt to different factors and problems which may or may not be host dependent or due to the production system. The aim of the present review is to highlight the factors affecting the GIT microbial balance in young pigs, focusing on the pre- and post-weaning phases, to define a road map for improving pig health and the production efficiency of the food chain. Birth and weaning body weight, physiological maturation, colostrum and milk (composition and intake), genetic background, environmental stressors and management practices, antibiotic use and diet composition are considered. Overall, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect that some factors, including weaning age, the use of creep feed, the composition of the colostrum and milk and the use of antibiotics, may have on the gut microbiome of piglets. Furthermore, the information on the gut microbiome of piglets is mainly based on the taxonomy description, while there is a lack of knowledge regarding the functional modification of the microbiota, essential for the exploitation of microbiota potential for modulating pig physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.L.); (F.C.); (P.B.)
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Luise D, Spinelli E, Correa F, Nicodemo A, Bosi P, Trevisi P. The effect of a single, early-life administration of a probiotic on piglet growth performance and faecal microbiota until weaning. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1952909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Trevisi P, Luise D, Spinelli E, Correa F, De Leo E, Trambajolo G, Diegoli G, Bosi P. Transfer of Mycotoxins from Lactation Feed to Colostrum of Sows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122253. [PMID: 33266144 PMCID: PMC7761246 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies regarding the transfer of mycotoxins from sow feed to colostrum are scarce. A sample of in-house produced lactation feed and one of colostrum were collected from two or three sows per farm (total 49) from 19 farms. The feed contents of aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FUs), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) were assessed using ELISA and confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), The values were very low (10, 12, 17 and 2 positive samples for AFs, FUs, DON and ZEA, respectively), except for two samples (one AF, one DON). Based on feed values, colostrum samples from 13 farms were tested for at least one mycotoxin (Total 35). Aflatoxins were not found in any sample. A signal for FUs was observed in 5 of 11 colostra, despite low feed values; DON was frequently present in the colostrum (10/14). On the farm where the feed exceeded the DON suggested limits, a higher colostrum content was seen, 10.9 µg/kg, approximately 1/69 of the value showing toxicity in young pigs. The absence of reference values for neonate pigs, and the risk of higher and longer ingestion of DON by sows suggested considering routine checks of sow feed; more research on DON transfer and toxicity in piglets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.T.); (D.L.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.T.); (D.L.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Elisa Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.T.); (D.L.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.T.); (D.L.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Elena De Leo
- LAEMMEGROUP s.r.l., Via Vittime del Vajont 18, 10024 Moncalieri, Torino, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Trambajolo
- Collective Prevention and Public Health Service, Veterinary Health and Food Hygiene Area, Regione Emilia—Romagna, Viale A. Moro 21, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (G.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Diegoli
- Collective Prevention and Public Health Service, Veterinary Health and Food Hygiene Area, Regione Emilia—Romagna, Viale A. Moro 21, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (G.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Paolo Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.T.); (D.L.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Luise D, Spinelli E, Correa F, Salvarani C, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Effects of E. coli bivalent vaccine and of host genetic susceptibility to E. coli on the growth performance and faecal microbial profile of weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sandri C, Correa F, Spiezio C, Trevisi P, Luise D, Modesto M, Remy S, Muzungaile MM, Checcucci A, Zaborra CA, Mattarelli P. Fecal Microbiota Characterization of Seychelles Giant Tortoises ( Aldabrachelys gigantea) Living in Both Wild and Controlled Environments. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:569249. [PMID: 33193160 PMCID: PMC7641630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.569249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A microbiome is defined as a complex collection of microorganisms and their genetic material. Studies regarding gut microbiomes of different animals have provided ecological and evolutionary information showing a strong link between health and disease. Very few studies have compared the gut microbiota of animals housed under controlled conditions and those in wild habitats. Little research has been performed on the reptile gut microbiota, and what studies do exist are mainly focused on carnivorous reptiles. The aim of this study was first to describe the overall microbiota structure of Aldabra giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea) and, second, to compare the microbiota of tortoises living under natural conditions and tortoises living in controlled environments, such as zoological and botanical parks, in Italy and in the Seychelles. Seventeen fecal samples were collected from giant tortoises located on Curieuse Island (CI, n = 8), at the Botanical Garden (BG, n = 3) in Mahé (Seychelles Islands) and at Parco Natura Viva-Garda Zoological Park (PNV, n = 6) in Verona (Italy). The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified in order to characterize the gut microbiota profile. Overall, the major phyla identified were Bacteroidetes 42%, Firmicutes 32%, and Spirochaetes 9%. A higher microbial diversity (alpha indices) was observed for the BG samples as compared to the PNV samples (Shannon: 5.39 vs. 4.43; InvSimpson: 80.7 vs. 25; Chao1: 584 vs. 377 p < 0.05). The results in the present study showed a significant difference in beta diversity between the samples from CI, BG, and PNV (p = 0.001), suggesting a different bacterial fecal profile of giant tortoises at the different habitats. This study provided novel insights into the effects of different environmental conditions on the gut microbial communities of giant tortoises. In particular, differences were reported regarding the bacterial gut community structure between tortoises in natural and in controlled environments. These results could help to improve the management of giant tortoises under human care, thus enhancing ex-situ conservation efforts far from the species geographic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Sandri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva – Garda Zoological Park, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Spiezio
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva – Garda Zoological Park, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Selby Remy
- Seychelles National Parks Authority, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Marie-May Muzungaile
- Biodiversity Conservation and Management Division, Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Alice Checcucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Avesani Zaborra
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva – Garda Zoological Park, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Luise D, Motta V, Boudry C, Salvarani C, Correa F, Mazzoni M, Bosi P, Trevisi P. The supplementation of a corn/barley-based diet with bacterial xylanase did not prevent diarrhoea of ETEC susceptible piglets, but favoured the persistence of Lactobacillus reuteri in the gut. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Luise D, Correa F, Bosi P, Trevisi P. A Review of the Effect of Formic Acid and Its Salts on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Performance of Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E887. [PMID: 32438743 PMCID: PMC7278376 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Out of the alternatives to antibiotics and zinc oxide, organic acids, or simply acidifiers, play significant roles, especially in ensuring gut health and the growth performance of pigs. Regarding acidifiers, formic acid and its salts have shown very promising results in weaning, growing and finishing pigs. Although it is known that the main mechanisms by which acidifiers can improve livestock performance and health are related to the regulation of gastrointestinal pH, an improvement in intestinal digestibility and mineral utilization, and their antimicrobial properties against specific pathogens has been observed, while poor consensus remains in relation to the effect of acidifers on bacteria and the complex microbiome. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to critically evaluate the effects of formic acid and its salts on the performance and the gastrointestinal microbiota balance of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.C.); (P.B.); (P.T.)
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Luise D, Bertocchi M, Bosi P, Correa F, Spinelli E, Trevisi P. Contribution of L-Arginine supplementation during gestation on sow productive performance and on sow microbial faecal profile. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1743210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luise
- Dipartimento di Scienze agrarie e alimentari (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Micol Bertocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze agrarie e alimentari (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze agrarie e alimentari (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Dipartimento di Scienze agrarie e alimentari (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze agrarie e alimentari (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze agrarie e alimentari (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ramírez-Camacho I, Correa F, El Hafidi M, Silva-Palacios A, Ostolga-Chavarría M, Esparza-Perusquía M, Olvera-Sánchez S, Flores-Herrera O, Zazueta C. Cardioprotective strategies preserve the stability of respiratory chain supercomplexes and reduce oxidative stress in reperfused ischemic hearts. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:407-417. [PMID: 30316780 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Electron leakage from dysfunctional respiratory chain and consequent superoxide formation leads to mitochondrial and cell injury during ischemia and reperfusion (IR). In this work we evaluate if the supramolecular assembly of the respiratory complexes into supercomplexes (SCs) is associated with preserved energy efficiency and diminished oxidative stress in post-ischemic hearts treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the cardioprotective maneuver of Postconditioning (PostC). Hemodynamic variables, infarct size, oxidative stress markers, oxygen consumption and the activity/stability of SCs were compared between groups. We found that mitochondrial oxygen consumption and the activity of respiratory complexes are preserved in mitochondria from reperfused hearts treated with both NAC and PostC. Both treatments contribute to recover the activity of individual complexes. NAC reduced oxidative stress and maintained SCs assemblies containing Complex I, Complex III, Complex IV and the adapter protein SCAFI more effectively than PostC. On the other hand, the activities of CI, CIII and CIV associated to SCs assemblies were preserved by this maneuver, suggesting that the activation of other cardioprotective mechanisms besides oxidative stress contention might participate in maintaining the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes in such superstructures. We conclude that both the monomeric and the SCs assembly of the respiratory chain contribute to the in vivo functionality of the mitochondria. However, although the ROS-induced damage and the consequent increased production of ROS affect the assembly of SCs, other levels of regulation as those induced by PostC, might participate in maintaining the activity of the respiratory complexes in such superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ramírez-Camacho
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología. I. Ch., 14080 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - F Correa
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología. I. Ch., 14080 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - M El Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología. I. Ch., 14080 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - A Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología. I. Ch., 14080 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - M Ostolga-Chavarría
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología. I. Ch., 14080 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - M Esparza-Perusquía
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - S Olvera-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - O Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - C Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología. I. Ch., 14080 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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Correa F, Silva CLT, Pelosi AP, Almeida ACS, Heinrichs EA, Barrigossi JAF, Jesus FG. Resistance in 27 Rice Cultivars to Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:422-427. [PMID: 29182781 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered one of the most important crops in the world, and the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is among the key pests damaging the crop in the Americas. The objective of this work was to identify rice genotypes as a source of resistance to D. saccharalis. Rice plants were infested in the greenhouse and subsequently evaluated for damage, larval weight and survival, and stem size. The cultivars 'Bonança', 'Caripuna', 'IR 42', 'Canela de Ferro', 'SWA Norte', 'BR IRGA 409', 'Pepita', 'Serra Dourada', 'Araguaia', 'Xingú', 'Tangará', and 'Soberana' showed antibiosis antixenosis, or both to D. saccharalis. These cultivars may be used as donor sources in the breeding program and used directly by Brazilian farmers as a component of rice-integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Correa
- Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - C L T Silva
- Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - A P Pelosi
- Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - A C S Almeida
- Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - E A Heinrichs
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska. Entomology Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - J A F Barrigossi
- Embrapa Rice and Beans, Rodovia GO-462, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - F G Jesus
- Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
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Surkin PN, Di Rosso ME, Correa F, Elverdin JC, Genaro AM, De Laurentiis A, Fernández-Solari J. Participation of hypothalamic CB1 receptors in reproductive axis disruption during immune challenge. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28665507 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune challenge inhibits reproductive function and endocannabinoids (eCB) modulate sexual hormones. However, no studies have been performed to assess whether the eCB system mediates the inhibition of hormones that control reproduction as a result of immune system activation during systemic infections. For that reason, we evaluated the participation of the hypothalamic cannabinoid receptor CB1 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activity in rats submitted to immune challenge. Male adult rats were treated i.c.v. administration with a CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist (AM251) (500 ng/5 μL), followed by an i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) 15 minutes later. Plasmatic, hypothalamic and adenohypophyseal pro-inflammatory cytokines, hormones and neuropeptides were assessed 90 or 180 minutes post-LPS. The plasma concentration of tumour necrosis factor α and adenohypophyseal mRNA expression of Tnfα and Il1β increased 90 and 180 minutes post i.p. administration of LPS. However, cytokine mRNA expression in the hypothalamus increased only 180 minutes post-LPS, suggesting an inflammatory delay in this organ. CB1 receptor blockade with AM251 increased LPS inflammatory effects, particularly in the hypothalamus. LPS also inhibited the HPG axis by decreasing gonadotrophin-releasing hormone hypothalamic content and plasma levels of luteinising hormone and testosterone. These disruptor effects were accompanied by decreased hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA expression and prostaglandin E2 content, as well as by increased gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (Rfrp3) mRNA expression. All these disruptive effects were prevented by the presence of AM251. In summary, our results suggest that, in male rats, eCB mediate immune challenge-inhibitory effects on reproductive axis at least partially via hypothalamic CB1 activation. In addition, this receptor also participates in homeostasis recovery by modulating the inflammatory process taking place after LPS administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Surkin
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M E Di Rosso
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Correa
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J C Elverdin
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Genaro
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A De Laurentiis
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Fernández-Solari
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cunha M, Correa F, Cadete A, Oliveira A, Figueiredo H, Valerio P, Barroso R, Carreiro H. [Predictive value of cerebellar growth and general movements assessments for neurodevelopment of very preterm infants at 18-24 months' corrected age]. Rev Neurol 2017; 64:63-69. [PMID: 28074999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fidgety movements assessments is very sensitive predicting long-term outcome or cerebral palsy of preterm, disrupted cerebellar growth has been reported in these patients. AIM To compare the predictive value of cerebellar ultrasound growth and fidgety movements assessments, for neurodevelopment outcome of very preterm at 18-24 month's corrected age (CA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Prospective study of 88 infants cohort (<= 32 weeks' gestation), transverse cerebellar diameter was obtained by ultrasound via mastoid fontanel, in a weekly basis, until 40 weeks CA. Fidgety movements were assessed at 3 months CA. Neurodevelopment outcome at 18-24 month's CA was evaluated in 68 using Schedule of Growing Skills II Scale (SGS-II) and Amiel-Tison Neurologic Assessment (ATNA). RESULTS At term age, cerebellar growth was under 3rd percentile in 11 (10.3%). Fidgety movements were normal in 42 (61.8%) and abnormal or absent in 7 (10.3%). At 18-24 months CA, 54 (79.4%) were normal by the SGS-II and in 6 (8.8%) ATNA classified as cerebral palsy. Cerebellar diameter under 3rd percentile at term was associated with abnormal motor outcome and normal fidgety movements correlated with normal neurodevelopment. CONCLUSION Ultrasound cerebellar measurements and functional examinations (fidgety movements) have important complementary roles in predicting neurodevelopment of very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cunha
- Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Correa
- Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Cadete
- Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Oliveira
- Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - P Valerio
- Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Barroso
- Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Carreiro
- Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Lisboa, Portugal
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Viñals F, Ruiz P, Correa F, Gonçalves Pereira P. Two-dimensional visualization and measurement of the fetal optic chiasm: improving counseling for antenatal diagnosis of agenesis of the septum pellucidum. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48:733-738. [PMID: 26776289 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an objective method for visualizing and measuring the fetal optic chiasm (OC) using transvaginal two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound in the coronal plane and to report measurements in fetuses with agenesis of the septum pellucidum (SP). METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 115 morphologically normal fetuses in low-risk pregnancies, between 21 and 30 weeks' gestation. The OC was measured in a coronal plane at the level of the third ventricle and was seen as a horizontally aligned dumbbell-shaped structure of moderate echogenicity. In addition, OC measurements from eight fetuses with agenesis of the SP and complete follow-up were compared with the reference range. RESULTS OC measurements were obtained in 110/115 normal fetuses and showed that OC increases linearly with gestational age. Our method of measurement demonstrated good intraobserver repeatability and excellent interobserver reproducibility. Among the eight fetuses with agenesis of the SP, five had normal OC measurements and five had normal vision postnatally. Pregnancy continued to term in all cases and the follow-up period varied from 6 months to 7 years. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that it is possible to visualize and measure the OC directly on a 2D ultrasound coronal plane. In fetuses with agenesis of the SP, the morphology and width of the OC visual pathway could prove a relevant tool for assessing its development. It would also help in the difficult task of providing antenatal counseling when faced with the diagnosis of agenesis of the SP. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Viñals
- Centro AGB Ultrasonografía, Clínica Sanatorio Alemán and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - P Ruiz
- Centro AGB Ultrasonografía, Clínica Sanatorio Alemán and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Spain
| | - F Correa
- Fetal and Neonatal Ultrasound Department, Hospital Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, Portugal
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Viñals F, Correa F, Gonçalves-Pereira PM. Anterior and posterior complexes: a step towards improving neurosonographic screening of midline and cortical anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 46:585-594. [PMID: 25418054 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the anatomical structures that form the anterior (AC) and posterior (PC) complexes of the fetal brain and to categorize their anomalies in fetuses with cerebral abnormalities. METHODS We analyzed retrospectively volume datasets from 100 normal fetuses between 20 and 30 weeks' gestation. On the axial transventricular plane, our analysis of the AC included the interhemispheric fissure (IHF), the callosal sulcus (CS), the genu of the corpus callosum (CC), the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and the anterior horns (AH) of the lateral ventricles. The PC included the splenium of the CC, the medial wall of the lateral ventricles, the CS and the parieto-occipital fissure (POF). We then categorized AC/PC findings in 32 fetuses with agenesis of the septi pellucidi, schizencephaly, callosal dysgenesis, cortical malformation and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. RESULTS The structures forming the AC and PC were visible in 100% and 92%, respectively, of normal cases. In the AC, the CSP was square-shaped in 73% of cases and it was triangular in 27%; the AH was comma-shaped in 92% of cases and triangular in the remainder. In the PC, the splenium of the CC interrupted and bridged the midline and was delimited posteriorly by the CS and the IHF. The POF was visible posteriorly. We categorized AC and PC abnormalities according to the main deviation from normality in their anatomical structures. The AC was abnormal in 30/32 cases and the PC was abnormal in 16/32 cases. In the two cases with normal AC, the PC was abnormal. CONCLUSION Normal appearance of AC and PC seems to be a strong indicator of fetal central nervous system normality. Morphological abnormalities in both complexes are robust markers of midline defects, but not exclusively so. The majority of fetuses with cortical malformations showed a defect in the AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Viñals
- Centro AGB Ultrasonografía, Clinica Sanatorio Aleman, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - F Correa
- Hospital Fernando Fonseca, Lisboa, Portugal
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Fory PA, Triplett L, Ballen C, Abello JF, Duitama J, Aricapa MG, Prado GA, Correa F, Hamilton J, Leach JE, Tohme J, Mosquera GM. Comparative analysis of two emerging rice seed bacterial pathogens. Phytopathology 2014; 104:436-444. [PMID: 24261408 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-13-0186-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Seed sterility and grain discoloration limit rice production in Colombia and several Central American countries. In samples of discolored rice seed grown in Colombian fields, the species Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli were isolated, and field isolates were compared phenotypically. An artificial inoculation assay was used to determine that, although both bacterial species cause symptoms on rice grains, B. glumae is a more aggressive pathogen, causing yield reduction and higher levels of grain sterility. To identify putative virulence genes differing between B. glumae and B. gladioli, four previously sequenced genomes of Asian and U.S. strains of the two pathogens were compared with each other and with two draft genomes of Colombian B. glumae and B. gladioli isolates generated for this study. Whereas previously characterized Burkholderia virulence factors are highly conserved between the two species, B. glumae and B. gladioli strains are predicted to encode distinct groups of genes encoding type VI secretion systems, transcriptional regulators, and membrane-sensing proteins. This study shows that both B. glumae and B. gladioli can threaten grain quality, although only one species affects yield. Furthermore, genotypic differences between the two strains are identified that could contribute to disease phenotypic differences.
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Huckembeck S, Claudino M, Correa F, Bastos RF, Loebmann D, Tozetti AM, Garcia AM. The activity patterns and microhabitat use of Pseudis minuta Günther, 1858 (Anura, Hylidae) in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park, a biosphere reserve of the brazilian subtropics. BRAZ J BIOL 2012; 72:331-6. [PMID: 22735141 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudis minuta is abundant in a variety of aquatic environments of the Pampa domain. Therefore, it can be considered a good model for testing hypotheses on environmental heterogeneity and the influence of climate on the activity of anurans. In this study, we examined the spatial distribution pattern of P. minuta in terms of microhabitats and the influence of abiotic factors on seasonal fluctuations in the abundance of this species. Samples were collected monthly from April 2008 to May 2009 in wetlands and coastal dunes in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park. A total of 112 specimens of P. minuta were collected, of which 45 were found in the wetland area and 67 in the dune area. The species showed seasonal fluctuation in abundance, and it was most abundant in months with higher temperatures (spring-summer). Pseudis minuta was mainly associated with aquatic vegetation, an expected pattern in terms of their morphological adaptations to this environment. Among the abiotic parameters analyzed, only the monthly mean temperature showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05; r = 0.67) with the abundance of P. minuta. We concluded that P. minuta is a generalist species with respect to microhabitat use and also that fluctuation in its population abundance is mainly associated with seasonal variation in temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. Correa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - RF. Bastos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - AM. Garcia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
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Correa F, Martinez-Abundis E, Hernandez-Resendiz S, Garcia N, Buelna-Chontal M, Arreguin F, Zazueta C. Pharmacological Strategies to Contend Against Myocardial Reperfusion Damage: Diverse Chemicals for Multiple Targets. Curr Med Chem 2010; 17:2261-73. [DOI: 10.2174/092986710791331077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mestre L, Docagne F, Correa F, Loría F, Hernangómez M, Borrell J, Guaza C. A cannabinoid agonist interferes with the progression of a chronic model of multiple sclerosis by downregulating adhesion molecules. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 40:258-66. [PMID: 19059482 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules are critical players in the regulation of transmigration of blood leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis (MS). Cannabinoids (CBs) are potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of MS, but the mechanisms involved are only partially known. Using a viral model of MS we observed that the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 administered at the time of virus infection suppresses intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in brain endothelium, together with a reduction in perivascular CD4+ T lymphocytes infiltrates and microglial responses. WIN55,212-2 also interferes with later progression of the disease by reducing symptomatology and neuroinflammation. In vitro data from brain endothelial cell cultures, provide the first evidence of a role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARgamma) in WIN55,212-2-induced downregulation of VCAM-1. This study highlights that inhibition of brain adhesion molecules by WIN55,212-2 might underline its therapeutic effects in MS models by targeting PPAR-gamma receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mestre
- Neuroimmunology Group, Functional and Systems Neurobiology Department, Cajal Institute (CSIC), Av. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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Toledo DO, Silva JM, Gulinelli A, Magalhães DD, Correa F, Nuevo H, Genga KR, Isola AM, Rezende E. Outcome of surgical patients who needed blood transfusion. Crit Care 2008. [PMCID: PMC4088607 DOI: 10.1186/cc6457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Recent evidence suggests the existence of lipid microdomains in mitochondria, apparently coexisting as structural elements with some of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore-forming proteins and members of the Bcl-2 family. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of the main components of membrane microdomains (e.g. cholesterol and sphingolipids) in activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) by recombinant BAX (rBAX). For this purpose, we used chemically modified renal cortex mitochondria and renal cortex mitochondria from hypothyroid rats that show a modified mitochondrial lipid composition in vivo. Oligomeric rBAX induced an enhanced permeability conformation in the mPTP of control mitochondria. rBAX failed to induce mPTP opening when the cholesterol and ganglioside content of mitochondria were modified with the chelator methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Accordingly, hypothyroid mitochondria, with endogenously lower cholesterol and ganglioside content, showed resistance to mPTP opening induced by rBAX. These observations suggest that enriched cholesterol and ganglioside domains in the mitochondrial membranes may determine BAX interaction with the mPTP. An intriguing observation was that chemical extraction of cholesterol and ganglioside in control mitochondria did not have an effect on rBAX insertion. Conversely, in hypothyroid mitochondria, rBAX insertion was diminished dramatically compared with control mitochondria. The membrane and protein changes associated with thyroid status and their possible role in rBAX docking into the membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martínez-Abundis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México
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Nandakumar R, Rush MC, Correa F. Association of Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli with Panicle Blight Symptoms on Rice in Panama. Plant Dis 2007; 91:767. [PMID: 30780491 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-91-6-0767c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Panicle blight of rice, caused by Burkholderia glumae, has been a serious problem on rice in Japan since 1955. It has been reported from other rice-producing countries around the world and recently was reported on rice in the southern United States (2). A rice producer in Panama contacted us to verify the occurrence of bacterial panicle blight in rice fields where heavy losses were associated with a disease of unknown etiology, but with typical bacterial panicle blight symptoms (2). The observed grain discoloration, sterility, and abortion were thought to be due to the spinki mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley. After obtaining a USDA-APHIS import permit (73325), rice panicle samples from seven fields in Panama were sent to our laboratory in 2006. Bacteria were isolated from grains showing typical panicle blight symptoms on the semiselective S-Pg medium. Nonfluorescing colonies producing toxoflavin on King's B medium were selected for further identification. Initial PCR analyses, made with DNA isolated directly from grain crushed in sterile water, with B. glumae specific primers (BGF 5'ACACGG AACACCTGGGTA3' and BGR 5'TCGCTCTCCCGAAGAGAT3') gave a positive reaction for B. glumae in all seven samples. Biolog tests (Biolog Inc, Hayward, CA), fatty acid analysis, and PCR using species-specific primers for B. glumae and B. gladioli (BLF 5'CGAGCT AATACCGCGAAA3' and BLR 5'AGACTCGA GTCAACTGA3') identified 19 B. glumae and 6 B. gladioli strains among 35 bacterial strains isolated. Only the Biolog and fatty acid analyses identified B. gladioli strains. PCR analysis did not identify B. gladioli strains. To confirm B. gladioli, PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA gene from eight representative strains (four each for B. glumae and B. gladioli) using universal primers (16SF 5'AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG3' and 16SR5'GGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT3') and further sequencing of the PCR product was performed. A BLAST analysis of 16S rDNA sequences in the Genbank data base showed 99% sequence similarity for these two species with other published sequences. Our APHIS import permit did not allow us to perform pathogenicity tests with the strains isolated from Panama, but the B. glumae and B. gladioli strains obtained corresponded closely with pathogenic control cultures isolated from rice grown in the United States or with strains obtained from the ATCC. Other B. glumae strains recently isolated from rice in Panama, and identified by PCR, were tested for pathogenicity in tests conducted at CIAT in Colombia and were found to be pathogenic and highly virulent. These strains caused disease on seedlings when inoculated and typical bacterial panicle blight symptoms on panicles when spray inoculated. This disease has caused severe losses in Panama's rice crop for at least 3 years. Similar symptoms reported in Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic were attributed to damage from the spinki mite in association with Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams & D. Hawksw. (1). Zeigler and Alvarez (3) reported the occurrence of B. glumae in Columbia in 1987, but not in other Latin American countries. Pseudomonas fuscovaginae was reported in association with rice grain discoloration in Panama (4), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of these two Burkholderia species being associated with panicle blight symptoms on rice in Panama. References: (1) T. B. Bernal et al. Fitosanidad 6:15, 2002. (2). A. K. M. Shahjahan et al. Rice J. 103:26, 2000. (3). R. S. Zeigler and E. Alvarez. Plant Dis. 73:368, 1989. (4). R. S. Zeigler et al. Plant Dis. 71:896, 1987.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nandakumar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - M C Rush
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
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Mestre L, Correa F, Docagne F, Clemente D, Ortega-Gutiérrez S, Arévalo-Martín A, Molina-Holgado E, Borrell J, Guaza C. [Cannabinoid system and neuroinflammation:therapeutic perspectives in multiple sclerosis]. Rev Neurol 2006; 43:541-8. [PMID: 17072810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The endocannabinoid system consists of cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands and the enzymatic elements involved in their synthesis and breakdown. AIM To report on currently held knowledge about the functioning of the system as a modulator of the neuroinflammatory processes associated with chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis. DEVELOPMENT Cannabinoids are synthesised and released on demand and their production increases in times of neuroinflammation and neural damage. In this context then, their actions in the microglial cells and in the astrocytes are characterised by a lowered expression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, cannabinoids can play a role as neuroprotectors by means of different types of mechanisms and, in experimental models of multiple sclerosis, they slow down the symptoms, reduce inflammation and can favour remyelination. CONCLUSIONS The clinical use of cannabinoids or pharmacological agents that affect the endogenous cannabinoid system during inflammation of the central nervous system and in multiple sclerosis is currently under consideration and subject to debate. Detailed analysis of the results obtained over the past decade has made it possible to establish the existence of several mechanisms of action of cannabinoids in pathologies affecting the central nervous system that are accompanied by chronic inflammation. Likewise, they also clearly show that the cannabinoid system is an interesting proposal as a new therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mestre
- Grupo de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Cajal, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, España
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de J García-Rivas G, Carvajal K, Correa F, Zazueta C. Ru360, a specific mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitor, improves cardiac post-ischaemic functional recovery in rats in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:829-37. [PMID: 17031386 PMCID: PMC2014682 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), an energy-dissipating channel activated by calcium, contributes to reperfusion damage by depolarizing the mitochondrial inner membrane potential. As mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload is a main inductor of mPTP opening, we examined the effect of Ru(360), a selective inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uptake system against myocardial damage induced by reperfusion in a rat model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Myocardial reperfusion injury was induced by a 5-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by a 5-min reperfusion in anaesthetized open-chest rats. We measured reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and functions indicative of unimpaired mitochondrial integrity to evaluate the effect of Ru(360) treatment. KEY RESULTS Reperfusion elicited a high incidence of arrhythmias, haemodynamic dysfunction and loss of mitochondrial integrity. A bolus intravenous injection of Ru(360) (15-50 nmol kg(-1)), given 30-min before ischaemia, significantly improved the above mentioned variables in the ischaemic/reperfused myocardium. Calcium uptake in isolated mitochondria from Ru(360)-treated ventricles was partially diminished, suggesting an interaction of this compound with the calcium uniporter. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We showed that Ru(360) treatment abolishes the incidence of arrhythmias and haemodynamic dysfunction elicited by reperfusion in a whole rat model. Ru(360) administration partially inhibits calcium uptake, preventing mitochondria from depolarization by the opening of the mPTP. We conclude that myocardial damage could be a consequence of failure of the mitochondrial network to maintain the membrane potential at reperfusion. Hence, it is plausible that Ru(360) could be used in reperfusion therapy to prevent the occurrence of arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de J García-Rivas
- Departamento de Bioquímica. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez' México DF, México
| | - K Carvajal
- Departamento de Bioquímica. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez' México DF, México
| | - F Correa
- Departamento de Bioquímica. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez' México DF, México
| | - C Zazueta
- Departamento de Bioquímica. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez' México DF, México
- Author for correspondence:
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Mestre L, Correa F, Docagne F, Clemente D, Ortega Gutiérrez S, Arévalo Martín Á, Molina Holgado E, Borrell Andrés J, Guaza Rodríguez C. El sistema cannabinoide en situaciones de neuroinflamación: perspectivas terapéuticas en la esclerosis múltiple. Rev Neurol 2006. [DOI: 10.33588/rn.4309.2006259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter behaves as a cooperative mechanism, where the velocity is dependent on [Ca2+]ex. Transport kinetics follows a sigmoidal behavior with a Hill coefficient near 2.0, indicating the binding of at least two calcium molecules. Calcium transport in mitochondria is dependent on a negative inner membrane potential and is inhibited by policationic ruthenium compounds. In this study, calcium uptake activity was reconstituted into cytochrome oxidase vesicles by incorporating solubilized mitochondrial proteins. Calcium accumulation plotted against increasing Ca2+ concentrations followed a sigmoidal behavior with a Hill coefficient of 1.53. The uptake was sensitive to ruthenium policationic inhibitors, e.g. ruthenium red and Ru360. After mitochondrial proteins were separated by preparative isoelectrofocusing and incorporated into cytochrome oxidase vesicles, two peaks of calcium uptake activity were recovered. One of the activities was inhibited by Ru360, while the second activity was insensitive to Ru360 and was associated with proteins focused at very acidic isoelectric points. By using a thiol-group crosslinker and radiolabeled Ru360, we proposed a scheme of partial dissociation of the uniporter inhibitor-binding subunit under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zazueta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D. F., Mexico.
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