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Siguier PLM, Planton M, Baudou E, Chaix Y, Delage A, Rafiq M, Wolfrum M, Gérard F, Jucla M, Pariente J. Can neurodevelopmental disorders influence the course of neurodegenerative diseases? A scoping review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102354. [PMID: 38857707 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review aims at giving an overview of the possible influence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) on cognitive-behavioral neurodegenerative diseases (CBNDs). Based on the PRISMA-ScR checklist, it details the methods of NDDs screening, the identified NDDs-CBNDs associations, as well as the criteria and types of association. The last literature search was performed in June 2023. In the final study, 32 articles were included. Analysis first showed that NDDs were mainly detected through medical records screening. Second, the association of specific learning disorders and major or mild neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease was the most investigated. Third, associations were mostly based on prevalence comparisons. Finally, 66 % of studies reported a positive association between NDDs and CBNDs. Notably, up to 67 % of positive associations were observed with atypical forms of certain CBNDs. Authors' interpretations suggest that NDDs could constitute a risk factor for CBNDs. However, the influence of NDDs on CBNDs still lacks evidence and biological support, possibly due to the heterogeneity of methods and criteria employed. Developing validated assessment tools for all NDDs and conducting cohort studies could be beneficial for research, and clinical practice. Indeed, this review also underlines the importance of adopting a life-span approach regarding CBNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine L M Siguier
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR1214, Toulouse University III, Inserm, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France; Laboratoire de Neuropsycholinguistique, EA4156, University of Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 TOULOUSE cedex 9, France.
| | - Mélanie Planton
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR1214, Toulouse University III, Inserm, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France; Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40 031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Eloise Baudou
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR1214, Toulouse University III, Inserm, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France; Neuropediatric Department, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne - TSA 70034 - 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR1214, Toulouse University III, Inserm, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France; Neuropediatric Department, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne - TSA 70034 - 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Alix Delage
- MéD@tAS Unit, Clinical Investigation Centre INSERM 1436, Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Toulouse University Hospital, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Marie Rafiq
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40 031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Marie Wolfrum
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40 031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Fleur Gérard
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40 031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Mélanie Jucla
- Laboratoire de Neuropsycholinguistique, EA4156, University of Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 TOULOUSE cedex 9, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR1214, Toulouse University III, Inserm, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France
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Golimstok Á, Basalo MJG, Majul M, Berrios W, Rugiero M, Fernández MC, Eichel R. Adult Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder is associated with Lewy Body Disease and Cognitive Impairment: A prospective cohort Study With 15-year Follow-Up. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024:S1064-7481(24)00304-X. [PMID: 38697886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Past reports have suggested that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be a risk factor for Lewy body disease (LBD). To confirm this relationship, we conducted the present study. DESIGN A prospective observational cohort study with a follow-up to 15 years. SETTING The subjects were recruited from cognitive neurology clinics, where they attended for a cognitive complaint or health check-up. PARTICIPANTS Two groups of subjects: ADHD adults and healthy subjects. MEASUREMENTS The risk of dementia and LBD was estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis comparing for the presence or absence of ADHD with the log-rank test. Predictors of conversion were assessed through separate univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, adjusting for several variables. RESULTS The baseline sample consisted of 161 subjects with ADHD and 109 without ADHD. At the end of the follow-up, 31 subjects developed dementia, 27 cases in the ADHD group and 4 in comparison group. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) was the most frequent type (N:20) of which 19 corresponded to the ADHD group. The incidence of non-amnestic-MCI in the ADHD group was higher representing 67.1 % of these subjects (N:108), and 17.4% (N:19) of healthy cases. The hazard ratios for dementia and LBD in the multivariate adjusted model were 3.33 (95% CI 1.0915 to 10.1699) and 54.54 (95% CI 7.4849 to 397.5028), respectively in the ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that adult ADHD is independently associated with an increased risk of LBD, dementia, and na-MCI. Future studies should clarify this relationship to develop preventive measures for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Golimstok
- Cognitive and Behavior Unit, Department of Neurology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MR, MCF), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Master of Neuropsychology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MCF), University Institute of the Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María José García Basalo
- Cognitive and Behavior Unit, Department of Neurology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MR, MCF), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Master of Neuropsychology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MCF), University Institute of the Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Majul
- Cognitive and Behavior Unit, Department of Neurology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MR, MCF), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Master of Neuropsychology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MCF), University Institute of the Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Waleska Berrios
- Cognitive and Behavior Unit, Department of Neurology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MR, MCF), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Master of Neuropsychology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MCF), University Institute of the Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rugiero
- Cognitive and Behavior Unit, Department of Neurology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MR, MCF), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Cecilia Fernández
- Cognitive and Behavior Unit, Department of Neurology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MR, MCF), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Master of Neuropsychology (AG, MJGB, MM, WB, MCF), University Institute of the Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roni Eichel
- Department of Neurology (RE), Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The School of Medicine (RE), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Carr RH, Eom GD, Brown EE. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Potential Risk Factor for Dementia and Other Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:773-792. [PMID: 38461502 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neurodevelopmental condition now recognized to persist into older adulthood, has been postulated to be a risk factor for neurocognitive disorders given the overlap in clinical features and neurobiology, as well as the complex interplay between ADHD and known risk factors for dementia. Studies have emerged assessing this relationship, but there has not yet been a comprehensive systematic review addressing this topic. Objective To assess whether ADHD is a risk factor for neurocognitive disorders and to explore possible mechanisms for such an association. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO from inception until June 4, 2023. Studies were included if they assessed whether or how ADHD may be a risk factor for neurocognitive disorders. Studies were excluded if they were not primary literature, not published in a peer-reviewed journal, not in English, and/or used non-human subjects. Study quality was assessed using the QualSyst tool. Results Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria. Seven studies found a positive association between ADHD and neurocognitive disorders (all-cause dementia in four studies, Alzheimer's disease in three studies, Lewy body dementia in two studies, and mild cognitive impairment in one study). Four studies did not find an association. Five studies pertained to possible mechanisms for an association, including genetics, with minimal significant findings. Conclusions ADHD may be a risk factor for certain neurocognitive disorders, although the evidence base is limited, and the absolute risk is small. Possible explanations include genetic and lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gina D Eom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric E Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Praus P, Moldavski A, Alm B, Hennig O, Rösler M, Retz W. [Epidemiology, diagnostics and treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in advanced age]. DER NERVENARZT 2023; 94:1043-1049. [PMID: 37747504 PMCID: PMC10620251 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Current studies demonstrate a comparably high prevalence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in advanced age. Older people affected by ADHD suffer from a severe burden of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities as well as substantial impairment of social functioning and subjective well-being. The diagnostic differentiation from neurodegenerative diseases is particularly difficult in this age group. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge about the epidemiology of ADHD in advanced age and possible relationships between ADHD and the risk for neurodegeneration. Furthermore, recommendations for diagnostics and treatment options of ADHD in advanced age are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Praus
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland.
- Pfalzklinikum für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie, Weinstraße 100, 76889, Klingenmünster, Deutschland.
| | - Alexander Moldavski
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - Barbara Alm
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - Oliver Hennig
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - Michael Rösler
- Institut für Gerichtliche Psychologie und Psychiatrie der Universität des Saarlandes, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Retz
- Institut für Gerichtliche Psychologie und Psychiatrie der Universität des Saarlandes, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland
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Levine SZ, Rotstein A, Kodesh A, Sandin S, Lee BK, Weinstein G, Schnaider Beeri M, Reichenberg A. Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Risk of Dementia. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2338088. [PMID: 37847497 PMCID: PMC10582792 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.38088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Evidence that adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of dementia is scarce and inconsistent, and potential sources of bias are untested. Objective To examine the association between adult ADHD and the risk of dementia. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective national cohort study consisted of 109 218 members of a nonprofit Israeli health maintenance organization born between 1933 and 1952 who entered the cohort on January 1, 2003, without an ADHD or dementia diagnosis and were followed up to February 28, 2020. Participants were aged 51 to 70 years in 2003. Statistical analysis was conducted from December 2022 to August 2023. Exposure Adult ADHD was a time-varying covariate, classified as present from the age of the first diagnosis (using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision); otherwise, absent. Main Outcome and Measures Cox regression models were fitted to quantify the association between adult ADHD and the risk of incident dementia with hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% CIs unadjusted and in the primary analysis, using inverse probability weights, adjusted for 18 sources of potential confounding. In 14 complementary analyses, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were implemented. Results At the beginning of the follow-up, the sample of 109 218 participants had a mean (SD) age of 57.7 (5.5) years, 56 474 participants (51.7%) were female, and 52 744 (48.3%) were male. During follow-up, 730 participants (0.7%) received a diagnosis of adult ADHD, and 7726 (7.1%) received a diagnosis of dementia. Dementia occurred among 96 of 730 participants (13.2%) with adult ADHD and 7630 of 108 488 participants (7.0%) without adult ADHD. In the primary analysis, compared with the absence of adult ADHD, the presence of adult ADHD was statistically significantly (P < .001) associated with an increased dementia risk (unadjusted HR, 3.62 [95% CI, 2.92-4.49; P < .001]; adjusted HR, 2.77 [95% CI, 2.11-3.63; P < .001]). Twelve of the 14 complementary analyses did not attenuate the conclusions based on the results of the primary analysis. There was, however, no clear increase in the risk of dementia associated with adult ADHD among those who received psychostimulant medication, and evidence of reverse causation was mild. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of individuals born between 1933 and 1952 and followed up in old age, adult ADHD was associated with an increased risk of dementia. Policy makers, caregivers, patients, and clinicians may wish to monitor reliably for ADHD in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anat Rotstein
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arad Kodesh
- Mental Health, Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian K. Lee
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Herbert and Jacqueline Krieger Klein Alzheimer’s Research Center, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Becker S, Chowdhury M, Tavilsup P, Seitz D, Callahan BL. Risk of neurodegenerative disease or dementia in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1158546. [PMID: 37663597 PMCID: PMC10469775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1158546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Several psychiatric disorders have been associated with an increased risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease and/or dementia. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, has been understudied in relation to dementia risk. We summarized existing literature investigating the risk of incident neurodegenerative disease or dementia associated with ADHD. Recent findings We searched five databases for cohort, case-control, and clinical trial studies investigating associations between ADHD and neurodegenerative diseases/dementia in May 2023. Study characteristics were extracted by two independent raters, and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Search terms yielded 2,137 articles, and seven studies (five cohort and two case-control studies) ultimately met inclusion criteria. Studies examined the following types of neurodegeneration: all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and Lewy body diseases, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Heterogeneity in study methodology, particularly covariates used in analyses and types of ratios for risk reported, prevented a meta-analysis and data were therefore summarized as a narrative synthesis. The majority of studies (4/7) demonstrated an overall low risk of bias. Summary The current literature on risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease in ADHD is limited. Although the studies identified present evidence for a link between ADHD and subsequent development of dementia, the magnitude of the direct effect of ADHD on neurodegeneration is yet to be determined and better empirically designed studies are first needed. Furthermore, the mechanism of how or why ADHD is associated with an increased risk of developing a neurocognitive disorder is still unclear and should be explored in future studies. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022348976, the PROSPERO number is CRD42022348976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Becker
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammad Chowdhury
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pattara Tavilsup
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dallas Seitz
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brandy L. Callahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Dobrosavljevic M, Larsson H, Cortese S. The diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in older adults. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:883-893. [PMID: 37725058 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2250913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a striking knowledge gap on ADHD in older adults, and the diagnosis as well as treatment for ADHD in this age group. AREAS COVERED The authors first review the literature on the prevalence, functional impairment, and health comorbidities of ADHD across the lifespan. Next, they address the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in adults according to the DSM/ICD, available screening/diagnostic tools, differential diagnosis, and the validity of diagnostic criteria for ADHD in older adults. Finally, the authors focus on empirical evidence on the prevalence rates, medication response, and safety of pharmacological treatment of ADHD in older adults, and national and international clinical guidelines on the treatment of ADHD in this age group. EXPERT OPINION It is expected that future editions of the DSM and ICD will provide specifiers to the standard ADHD criteria, to better inform the diagnosis of ADHD in older adults. It is also expected that the increasing number of epidemiological studies will provide rigorous estimates on the prevalence, incidence, and burden of ADHD in older adults. One may expect an increasing number of RCTs assessing the efficacy/effectiveness and tolerability/safety of pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological interventions which will inform future guidelines on ADHD in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Dobrosavljevic
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
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Lansdell TA, Xu H, Galligan JJ, Dorrance AM. Effects of Striatal Amyloidosis on the Dopaminergic System and Behavior: A Comparative Study in Male and Female 5XFAD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1361-1375. [PMID: 37424461 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly two-thirds of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are female. In addition, female patients with AD have more significant cognitive impairment than males at the same disease stage. This disparity suggests there are sex differences in AD progression. While females appear to be more affected by AD, most published behavioral studies utilize male mice. In humans, there is an association between antecedent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and increased risk of dementia. Functional connectivity studies indicate that dysfunctional cortico-striatal networks contribute to hyperactivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Higher plaque density in the striatum accurately predicts the presence of clinical AD pathology. In addition, there is a link between AD-related memory dysfunction and dysfunctional dopamine signaling. OBJECTIVE With the need to consider sex as a biological variable, we investigated the influence of sex on striatal plaque burden, dopaminergic signaling, and behavior in prodromal 5XFAD mice. METHODS Six-month-old male and female 5XFAD and C57BL/6J mice were evaluated for striatal amyloid plaque burden, locomotive behavior, and changes in dopaminergic machinery in the striatum. RESULTS 5XFAD female mice had a higher striatal amyloid plaque burden than male 5XFAD mice. 5XFAD females, but not males, were hyperactive. Hyperactivity in female 5XFAD mice was associated with increased striatal plaque burden and changes in dopamine signaling in the dorsal striatum. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the progression of amyloidosis involves the striatum in females to a greater extent than in males. These studies have significant implications for using male-only cohorts in the study of AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Lansdell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James J Galligan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Grünblatt E, Homolak J, Babic Perhoc A, Davor V, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Riederer P, Walitza S, Tackenberg C, Salkovic-Petrisic M. From attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder to sporadic Alzheimer's disease-Wnt/mTOR pathways hypothesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1104985. [PMID: 36875654 PMCID: PMC9978448 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with the majority of patients classified as sporadic AD (sAD), in which etiopathogenesis remains unresolved. Though sAD is argued to be a polygenic disorder, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, was found three decades ago to pose the strongest genetic risk for sAD. Currently, the only clinically approved disease-modifying drugs for AD are aducanumab (Aduhelm) and lecanemab (Leqembi). All other AD treatment options are purely symptomatic with modest benefits. Similarly, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is one of the most common neurodevelopmental mental disorders in children and adolescents, acknowledged to persist in adulthood in over 60% of the patients. Moreover, for ADHD whose etiopathogenesis is not completely understood, a large proportion of patients respond well to treatment (first-line psychostimulants, e.g., methylphenidate/MPH), however, no disease-modifying therapy exists. Interestingly, cognitive impairments, executive, and memory deficits seem to be common in ADHD, but also in early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia, including sAD. Therefore, one of many hypotheses is that ADHD and sAD might have similar origins or that they intercalate with one another, as shown recently that ADHD may be considered a risk factor for sAD. Intriguingly, several overlaps have been shown between the two disorders, e.g., inflammatory activation, oxidative stress, glucose and insulin pathways, wingless-INT/mammalian target of rapamycin (Wnt/mTOR) signaling, and altered lipid metabolism. Indeed, Wnt/mTOR activities were found to be modified by MPH in several ADHD studies. Wnt/mTOR was also found to play a role in sAD and in animal models of the disorder. Moreover, MPH treatment in the MCI phase was shown to be successful for apathy including some improvement in cognition, according to a recent meta-analysis. In several AD animal models, ADHD-like behavioral phenotypes have been observed indicating a possible interconnection between ADHD and AD. In this concept paper, we will discuss the various evidence in human and animal models supporting the hypothesis in which ADHD might increase the risk for sAD, with common involvement of the Wnt/mTOR-pathway leading to lifespan alteration at the neuronal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Virag Davor
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Riederer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department and Research Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Exploring the causal effects of genetic liability to ADHD and Autism on Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:422. [PMID: 36182936 PMCID: PMC9526708 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies suggest possible links between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease but they have been limited by small sample sizes, diagnostic and recall bias. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the bidirectional causal association between genetic liability to ADHD and ASD on Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we estimated the causal effects independently of educational attainment and IQ, through multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR). We employed genetic variants associated with ADHD (20,183 cases/35,191 controls), ASD (18,381 cases/27,969 controls), Alzheimer's disease (71,880 cases/383,378 controls), educational attainment (n = 766,345) and IQ (n = 269,867) using the largest GWAS of European ancestry. There was limited evidence to suggest a causal effect of genetic liability to ADHD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98-1.02, P = 0.39) or ASD (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97-1.01, P = 0.70) on Alzheimer's disease. Similar causal effect estimates were identified as direct effects, independent of educational attainment (ADHD: OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99-1.01, P = 0.76; ASD: OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, P = 0.28) and IQ (ADHD: OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02. P = 0.29; ASD: OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.01, P = 0.99). Genetic liability to Alzheimer's disease was not found to have a causal effect on risk of ADHD or ASD (ADHD: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.86-1.44, P = 0.37; ASD: OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.94-1.51, P = 0.14). We found limited evidence to suggest a causal effect of genetic liability to ADHD or ASD on Alzheimer's disease; and vice versa.
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11
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Dutta CN, Christov-Moore L, Ombao H, Douglas PK. Neuroprotection in late life attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of pharmacotherapy and phenotype across the lifespan. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:938501. [PMID: 36226261 PMCID: PMC9548548 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.938501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, psychostimulants have been the gold standard pharmaceutical treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In the United States, an astounding 9% of all boys and 4% of girls will be prescribed stimulant drugs at some point during their childhood. Recent meta-analyses have revealed that individuals with ADHD have reduced brain volume loss later in life (>60 y.o.) compared to the normal aging brain, which suggests that either ADHD or its treatment may be neuroprotective. Crucially, these neuroprotective effects were significant in brain regions (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala) where severe volume loss is linked to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Historically, the ADHD diagnosis and its pharmacotherapy came about nearly simultaneously, making it difficult to evaluate their effects in isolation. Certain evidence suggests that psychostimulants may normalize structural brain changes typically observed in the ADHD brain. If ADHD itself is neuroprotective, perhaps exercising the brain, then psychostimulants may not be recommended across the lifespan. Alternatively, if stimulant drugs are neuroprotective, then this class of medications may warrant further investigation for their therapeutic effects. Here, we take a bottom-up holistic approach to review the psychopharmacology of ADHD in the context of recent models of attention. We suggest that future studies are greatly needed to better appreciate the interactions amongst an ADHD diagnosis, stimulant treatment across the lifespan, and structure-function alterations in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintya Nirvana Dutta
- Biostatistics Group, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- School of Modeling, Simulation, and Training, and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Leonardo Christov-Moore
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hernando Ombao
- Biostatistics Group, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pamela K. Douglas
- School of Modeling, Simulation, and Training, and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Tag SH, Kim B, Bae J, Chang KA, Im HI. Neuropathological and behavioral features of an APP/PS1/MAPT (6xTg) transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Brain 2022; 15:51. [PMID: 35676711 PMCID: PMC9175339 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with various brain dysfunctions, including memory impairment, neuronal loss, astrocyte activation, amyloid-β plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Transgenic animal models of Alzheimer's disease have proven to be invaluable for the basic research of Alzheimer's disease. However, Alzheimer's disease mouse models developed so far do not fully recapitulate the pathological and behavioral features reminiscent of Alzheimer's disease in humans. Here, we investigated the neurobehavioral sequelae in the novel 6xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, which was developed by incorporating human tau containing P301L mutation in the widely used 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. At 11-months-old, 6xTg mice displayed the core pathological processes found in Alzheimer's disease, including accumulation of amyloid-β plaque, extensive neuronal loss, elevated level of astrocyte activation, and abnormal tau phosphorylation in the brain. At 9 to 11-months-old, 6xTg mice exhibited both cognitive and non-cognitive behavioral impairments relevant to Alzheimer’s disease, including memory loss, hyperlocomotion, anxiety-like behavior, depression-like behavior, and reduced sensorimotor gating. Our data suggest that the aged 6xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease presents pathological and cognitive-behavioral features reminiscent of Alzheimer's disease in humans. Thus, the 6xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease may be a valuable model for studying Alzheimer’s disease-relevant non-cognitive behaviors.
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13
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dos Reis TG, Machado TH, Caramelli P, Scornavacca F, Fernandez LL, Beber BC. Investigation of the Association Between History of Learning Disabilities and Primary Progressive Aphasia in Brazilian Portuguese Speakers. Front Neurol 2022; 13:703729. [PMID: 35295826 PMCID: PMC8918792 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.703729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a neurological syndrome characterized by impaired language due to neurodegeneration. It is subdivided into three variants: semantic, agrammatic or nonfluent, and logopenic. Pieces of evidence have suggested that learning disabilities in childhood, such as dyslexia, might be susceptibility factors in the occurrence of PPA in adulthood. The objective of this study was to verify the existence of the relationship between PPA and the history of learning disabilities of patients and their children, compared to a control group of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). A questionnaire was applied to investigate the presence of indicators of learning disabilities and difficulties in individuals with PPA and AD and their children. Twenty subjects with PPA and 16 with AD participated in the study. Our findings are presented and discussed in light of the current scientific evidence and the social, educational, and economic Brazilian scenario. Despite the challenges of doing research with individuals with PPA in Brazil, we present the first evidence about the investigation of association between the history of learning disabilities and difficulties and PPA in native Brazilian Portuguese speakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Gallas dos Reis
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thais Helena Machado
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Departamento de Clínica Médica-Neurologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Francisco Scornavacca
- Departamento de Pediatria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pediatria: Atenção à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Universidade Federal de Ciência da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liana Lisboa Fernandez
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal das Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre–UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Costa Beber
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bárbara Costa Beber
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14
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Becker S, Sharma MJ, Callahan BL. ADHD and Neurodegenerative Disease Risk: A Critical Examination of the Evidence. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:826213. [PMID: 35145394 PMCID: PMC8822599 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.826213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we undertake a critical appraisal of eight published studies providing first evidence that a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may increase risk for the later-life development of a neurodegenerative disease, in particular Lewy body diseases (LBD), by up to five-fold. Most of these studies have used data linked to health records in large population registers and include impressive sample sizes and adequate follow-up periods. We identify a number of methodological limitations as well, including potential diagnostic inaccuracies arising from the use of electronic health records, biases in the measurement of ADHD status and symptoms, and concerns surrounding the representativeness of ADHD and LBD cohorts. Consequently, previously reported risk associations may have been underestimated due to the high likelihood of potentially missed ADHD cases in groups used as “controls”, or alternatively previous estimates may be inflated due to the inclusion of confounding comorbidities or non-ADHD cases within “exposed” groups that may have better accounted for dementia risk. Prospective longitudinal studies involving well-characterized cases and controls are recommended to provide some reassurance about the validity of neurodegenerative risk estimates in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Becker
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Manu J. Sharma
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brandy L. Callahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Brandy L. Callahan
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15
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Callahan BL, Plamondon A, Gill S, Ismail Z. Contribution of vascular risk factors to the relationship between ADHD symptoms and cognition in adults and seniors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24276. [PMID: 34930996 PMCID: PMC8688479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood have been found to be predictive of compromised cognitive function, and possibly even dementia, in later adulthood. This study aimed to test vascular risk as a hypothesized moderator or mediator of this association, because individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms frequently have comorbid vascular disease or risk factors which are recognized to contribute to later-life cognitive decline. Data from 1,092 adults aged 18–85 were drawn from the Enhanced Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Childhood ADHD symptoms (assessed using the Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale) were assessed as predictors of cognitive functioning in adulthood (assessed using subtests from the University of Pennsylvania Computerized Neurocognitive Battery, the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System, and the Wechsler Memory Scale). Vascular risk factors (including diabetes, tobacco use, obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia) were tested as both a moderator and mediator of this relationship. Childhood ADHD symptoms and vascular risk factors were both independently associated with later-life cognition, but vascular risk was not a significant moderator or mediator of relationships between ADHD symptoms and cognition in statistical models. Results from this large community sample suggest that the relationship between ADHD symptoms and cognition is not accounted for by vascular risk. This question should also be investigated in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy L Callahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - André Plamondon
- Department of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sascha Gill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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16
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Dobrosavljevic M, Zhang L, Garcia-Argibay M, Du Rietz E, Andershed H, Chang Z, Faraone S, Larsson H. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a population-based register study. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 65:1-19. [PMID: 34924079 PMCID: PMC8792867 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has indicated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk for dementia, but studies are scarce and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between ADHD, and dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Additionally, we aimed to investigate the impact of comorbid conditions, educational attainment, head injuries, other developmental disorders, and sex on the association. Methods The study population consisted of 3,591,689 individuals born between 1932 and 1963, identified from Swedish population-based registers. Cases of ADHD, dementia and MCI were defined according to ICD diagnostic codes and ATC codes for medication prescriptions. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to test the associations between ADHD, and dementia and MCI. Results Individuals with ADHD had an increased risk for dementia and MCI. After adjusting for sex and birth year, a hazard ratio (HR) was 2.92 (95% confidence interval 2.40–3.57) for dementia, and 6.21 (5.25–7.35) for MCI. Additional adjustment for psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, and bipolar disorder) substantially attenuated the associations, HR = 1.62 (1.32–1.98) for dementia, and 2.54 (2.14–3.01) for MCI. Common metabolic disorders (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity), sleep disorders, head injuries, educational attainment, and other developmental disorders, had a limited impact on the association. The association between ADHD and dementia was stronger in men. Conclusions ADHD is a potential risk factor for dementia and MCI, although the risk significantly attenuates after controlling for psychiatric disorders. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore underlying mechanisms of the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | | | - Ebba Du Rietz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Henrik Andershed
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro
University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Zheng Chang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Stephen Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology,
SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse,
New York, USA
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University,
Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,
Sweden
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17
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Callahan BL, Shammi P, Taylor R, Ramakrishnan N, Black SE. Longitudinal Cognitive Performance of Older Adults With ADHD Presenting to a Cognitive Neurology Clinic: A Case Series of Change Up to 21 Years. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:726374. [PMID: 34867269 PMCID: PMC8634492 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.726374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The neuropsychological features of older adults with ADHD are largely unknown. This retrospective chart review aims to elucidate their cognitive trajectories using a case series of six older adults with ADHD presenting with memory complaints to a cognitive neurology clinic, whom we argue are a particularly relevant group to study due to their potential to mimic neurodegenerative syndromes. Methods: Participants were included if they were age 40 or older at intake, had ADHD based on DSM-5 criteria, and had cognitive data collected prior to 2014 with follow-up at least 5 years later. Results: Five men and one woman were included (M = 53.8 years at intake) and had an average of 135.0 months of follow-up data available. Despite notable between- and within-subject variability, cognition generally improved or remained stable across visits. Two participants experienced notable memory decline, but a global consideration of their performance in other domains suggests these deficits may be frontally-mediated. Conclusion: In this small sample, cognition remained generally unchanged across 5–21 years. Isolated impairments likely reflect substantial intra-individual variability across time and measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy L Callahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Prathiba Shammi
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Taylor
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sandra E Black
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Kittel-Schneider S, Arteaga-Henriquez G, Vasquez AA, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Brikell I, Buitelaar J, Cormand B, Faraone SV, Freitag CM, Ginsberg Y, Haavik J, Hartman CA, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Matura S, McNeill RV, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribases M, Romanos M, Vainieri I, Franke B, Reif A. Non-mental diseases associated with ADHD across the lifespan: Fidgety Philipp and Pippi Longstocking at risk of multimorbidity? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:1157-1180. [PMID: 34757108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several non-mental diseases seem to be associated with an increased risk of ADHD and ADHD seems to be associated with increased risk for non-mental diseases. The underlying trajectories leading to such brain-body co-occurrences are often unclear - are there direct causal relationships from one disorder to the other, or does the sharing of genetic and/or environmental risk factors lead to their occurring together more frequently or both? Our goal with this narrative review was to provide a conceptual synthesis of the associations between ADHD and non-mental disease across the lifespan. We discuss potential shared pathologic mechanisms, genetic background and treatments in co-occurring diseases. For those co-occurrences for which published studies with sufficient sample sizes exist, meta-analyses have been published by others and we discuss those in detail. We conclude that non-mental diseases are common in ADHD and vice versa and add to the disease burden of the patient across the lifespan. Insufficient attention to such co-occurring conditions may result in missed diagnoses and suboptimal treatment in the affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Gara Arteaga-Henriquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Phil Asherson
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabell Brikell
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus V, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstraße 50, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ylva Ginsberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Postboks 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences, Campus USÖ, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rhiannon V McNeill
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribases
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabella Vainieri
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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19
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Zhang L, Du Rietz E, Kuja-Halkola R, Dobrosavljevic M, Johnell K, Pedersen NL, Larsson H, Chang Z. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Alzheimer's disease and any dementia: A multi-generation cohort study in Sweden. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:1155-1163. [PMID: 34498801 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the extent to which attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and any dementia, neurodegenerative diseases, across generations. METHODS A nationwide cohort born between 1980 and 2001 (index persons) were linked to their biological relatives (parents, grandparents, uncles/aunts) using Swedish national registers. We used Cox models to examine the cross-generation associations. RESULTS Among relatives of 2,132,929 index persons, 3042 parents, 171,732 grandparents, and 1369 uncles/aunts had a diagnosis of AD. Parents of individuals with ADHD had an increased risk of AD (hazard ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.26-1.89). The associations attenuated but remained elevated in grandparents and uncles/aunts. The association for early-onset AD was stronger than late-onset AD. Similar results were observed for any dementia. DISCUSSION ADHD is associated with AD and any dementia across generations. The associations attenuated with decreasing genetic relatedness, suggesting shared familial risk between ADHD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ebba Du Rietz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kristina Johnell
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Zheng Chang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Zhang L, Reif A, Du Rietz E, Lagerberg T, Butwicka A, D’Onofrio BM, Johnell K, Pedersen NL, Larsson H, Chang Z. Comedication and Polypharmacy With ADHD Medications in Adults: A Swedish Nationwide Study. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1519-1528. [PMID: 32478603 PMCID: PMC8369907 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720923725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Evidence regarding comedication among individuals with ADHD is lacking, especially in adults. This study investigated comedication and polypharmacy with ADHD medications in adults. Method: We identified adults dispensed with ADHD medications during 2013 in Sweden and matched them to controls. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of receiving other medications. Results: Individuals receiving ADHD medications had higher risk of receiving any major classes of somatic medications (ORs ranged from 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [4.0, 4.3], to 7.4, 95% CI = [6.5, 8.5] across age groups). They were more likely to receive respiratory system, alimentary tract and metabolic system, and cardiovascular system medications. In addition, they had higher risk of receiving any other psychotropic medications. The proportion of polypharmacy with five or more medication classes increased from 10.1% to 60.4% from 18 to 64 years. Conclusion: Comedication was more common in adults receiving ADHD medications. Potential benefits and harms of comedication and polypharmacy require further research. (J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX[X] XX-XX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Le Zhang, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Solna, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | - Agnieszka Butwicka
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Medical University of Warsaw, Poland,Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Brian M. D’Onofrio
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
| | | | | | - Henrik Larsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Örebro University, Sweden
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21
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Prentice JL, Schaeffer MJ, Wall AK, Callahan BL. A Systematic Review and Comparison of Neurocognitive Features of Late-Life Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Dementia With Lewy Bodies. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2021; 34:466-481. [PMID: 32762393 DOI: 10.1177/0891988720944251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) share many cognitive and noncognitive similarities. The overlapping features between both disorders complicate differential diagnosis. The aim of the current systematic review was to compare patterns of neuropsychological profiles in older adults with ADHD and DLB. METHOD Of the 1989 ADHD-related articles and 1332 DLB-related articles screened, 3 ADHD and 25 DLB articles were retained for qualitative synthesis and review. RESULTS A synthesis of individual study findings revealed isolated working memory deficits for late-life ADHD, and performance deficits in areas of attention, memory, language, and visuoperceptual abilities for DLB. Results were limited by small samples and absence of data in some cognitive domains. CONCLUSION These initial findings support potentially unique neurocognitive profiles for ADHD in later life and DLB that would enable practitioners to differentially diagnose and appropriately treat older adults presenting with these phenotypically similar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra K Wall
- Department of Psychology, 2129University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brandy L Callahan
- Department of Psychology, 2129University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Longhena F, Faustini G, Brembati V, Pizzi M, Benfenati F, Bellucci A. An updated reappraisal of synapsins: structure, function and role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:33-60. [PMID: 34407457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synapsins (Syns) are phosphoproteins strongly involved in neuronal development and neurotransmitter release. Three distinct genes SYN1, SYN2 and SYN3, with elevated evolutionary conservation, have been described to encode for Synapsin I, Synapsin II and Synapsin III, respectively. Syns display a series of common features, but also exhibit distinctive localization, expression pattern, post-translational modifications (PTM). These characteristics enable their interaction with other synaptic proteins, membranes and cytoskeletal components, which is essential for the proper execution of their multiple functions in neuronal cells. These include the control of synapse formation and growth, neuron maturation and renewal, as well as synaptic vesicle mobilization, docking, fusion, recycling. Perturbations in the balanced expression of Syns, alterations of their PTM, mutations and polymorphisms of their encoding genes induce severe dysregulations in brain networks functions leading to the onset of psychiatric or neurological disorders. This review presents what we have learned since the discovery of Syn I in 1977, providing the state of the art on Syns structure, function, physiology and involvement in central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Longhena
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Faustini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Viviana Brembati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, Genova, Italy; IRCSS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy; Laboratory for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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23
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Klein M, Souza-Duran FL, Menezes AKPM, Alves TM, Busatto G, Louzã MR. Gray Matter Volume in Elderly adults With ADHD: Associations of Symptoms and Comorbidities With Brain Structures. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:829-838. [PMID: 31262214 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719855683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate total and selected region-of-interest-based gray matter volume (GMV) in older adults with ADHD. Method: Twenty-five elderly (≥65 years old) patients with ADHD and 34 healthy controls underwent 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used voxel-based morphometry to compare GMV between groups and performed a correlation analysis with ADHD symptoms and comorbidities. Results: Findings revealed a smaller total GMV in males with ADHD and a smaller GMV in the right medial frontal orbital area extending toward the medial frontal superior, the frontal superior, and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) besides correlations between inattentiveness and ACC (bilaterally) and left cerebellum, hyperactivity/impulsivity and the left frontal inferior orbital, depression and caudate (bilaterally), and the right inferior parietal lobule. Conclusion: Neural correlates in regions related to attention, executive control, and affective processing suggest that impairments in frontostriatal and frontoparietal-cerebellar areas observed in adults with ADHD persist into old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Klein
- Programa de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade no Adulto (PRODATH). Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luis Souza-Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anny Karinna Pires Mendes Menezes
- Programa de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade no Adulto (PRODATH). Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Maria Alves
- Programa de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade no Adulto (PRODATH). Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario R Louzã
- Programa de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade no Adulto (PRODATH). Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Abstract
Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased risk for diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The evidence reviewed here indicates that deficits in striatal dopamine are a shared component of the causal chains that produce these disorders. Neuropsychological studies of adult ADHD, prodromal PD, and early-stage PD reveal similar deficits in executive functions, memory, attention, and inhibition that are mediated by similar neural substrates. These and other findings are consistent with the possibility that ADHD may be part of the PD prodrome. The mechanisms that may mediate the association between PD and ADHD include neurotoxic effects of stimulants, other environmental exposures, and Lewy pathology. Understanding the nature of the association between PD and ADHD may provide insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of both disorders. The possible contribution of stimulants to this association may have important clinical and public health implications.
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25
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Arseniou S, Siokas V, Aloizou AM, Stamati P, Mentis AFA, Tsouris Z, Dastamani M, Peristeri E, Valotassiou V, Bogdanos DP, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E. SLC2A3 rs12842 polymorphism and risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Neurol Res 2020; 42:853-861. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1786973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Arseniou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Stamati
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
- Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Zisis Tsouris
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Metaxia Dastamani
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Peristeri
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Varvara Valotassiou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Mezourlo Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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26
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Klein M, Silva MA, Belizario GO, Rocca CCDA, Padua Serafim AD, Louzã MR. Longitudinal Neuropsychological Assessment in Two Elderly Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case Report. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1119. [PMID: 31191384 PMCID: PMC6546833 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropsychological deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present clinical features similar to mild and/or major neurocognitive disorder and may act as a confounding factor, making it difficult to detect cognitive decline. In this paper, we present the results of longitudinal neuropsychological evaluations in two elderly women with ADHD. Three neuropsychological assessments were performed in two women with ADHD (60 and 77 years old) between 2010 and 2013 at intervals varying from 12 to 15 months. We used structural magnetic resonance imaging to rule out significant abnormalities that could account for cognitive impairment. The results showed two different cognitive profiles with fluctuations in performance over these 2 years, sometimes with improvement and sometimes with decline of some functions such as attention, memory, inhibitory control, and reaction time. To minimize confounding aspects of these fluctuations in clinical practice, we used a longer follow-up with the application of a reliable change index and a minimum of three spaced assessments to provide a more consistent baseline cognitive profile. Our findings did not indicate a consistent cognitive decline, suggesting a less pessimistic perspective about cognitive impairments that could be a prodrome of ADHD-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Silva
- Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio De Padua Serafim
- Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Methodist University of São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Mario R Louzã
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Fluegge K. A model of lipid dysregulation and altered nutrient status in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2019; 5:139-145. [PMID: 31065583 PMCID: PMC6495090 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulated lipid metabolism and nutrient status are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise involvement is not well understood, and it remains unclear exactly how such dysregulated lipid metabolism and altered nutrient status, especially changes in phosphatidylcholine, B12, and folate, are connected to the hallmark pathology in AD (i.e., amyloidogenesis). METHODS We have postulated that genetic susceptibility (i.e., APOE ε4/ε4) to environmental exposure to emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) could underlie the onset of AD and its early neuropsychiatric correlates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The current theoretical editorial describes, using clinical, preclinical, and in vitro evidences, how this model contributes not only to amyloidogenesis but also other nonopioid effects, specifically altered lipid metabolism, depletion of vitamin B12, and disruption of the folate-mediated one carbon metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Fluegge
- Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Columbus OH 43220
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28
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Fluegge K. Tau Protein Levels in ADHD. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 34:237-239. [PMID: 31093001 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Fluegge
- Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Cleveland, OH 44118 USA
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