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Sheng X, Xia Z, Yang H, Hu R. The ubiquitin codes in cellular stress responses. Protein Cell 2024; 15:157-190. [PMID: 37470788 PMCID: PMC10903993 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination/ubiquitylation, one of the most fundamental post-translational modifications, regulates almost every critical cellular process in eukaryotes. Emerging evidence has shown that essential components of numerous biological processes undergo ubiquitination in mammalian cells upon exposure to diverse stresses, from exogenous factors to cellular reactions, causing a dazzling variety of functional consequences. Various forms of ubiquitin signals generated by ubiquitylation events in specific milieus, known as ubiquitin codes, constitute an intrinsic part of myriad cellular stress responses. These ubiquitination events, leading to proteolytic turnover of the substrates or just switch in functionality, initiate, regulate, or supervise multiple cellular stress-associated responses, supporting adaptation, homeostasis recovery, and survival of the stressed cells. In this review, we attempted to summarize the crucial roles of ubiquitination in response to different environmental and intracellular stresses, while discussing how stresses modulate the ubiquitin system. This review also updates the most recent advances in understanding ubiquitination machinery as well as different stress responses and discusses some important questions that may warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhixiong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hanting Yang
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Martinez-Banaclocha M. N-Acetyl-Cysteine: Modulating the Cysteine Redox Proteome in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020416. [PMID: 35204298 PMCID: PMC8869501 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last twenty years, significant progress in understanding the pathophysiology of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases has been made. However, the prevention and treatment of these diseases remain without clinically significant therapeutic advancement. While we still hope for some potential genetic therapeutic approaches, the current reality is far from substantial progress. With this state of the issue, emphasis should be placed on early diagnosis and prompt intervention in patients with increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases to slow down their progression, poor prognosis, and decreasing quality of life. Accordingly, it is urgent to implement interventions addressing the psychosocial and biochemical disturbances we know are central in managing the evolution of these disorders. Genomic and proteomic studies have shown the high molecular intricacy in neurodegenerative diseases, involving a broad spectrum of cellular pathways underlying disease progression. Recent investigations indicate that the dysregulation of the sensitive-cysteine proteome may be a concurrent pathogenic mechanism contributing to the pathophysiology of major neurodegenerative diseases, opening new therapeutic opportunities. Considering the incidence and prevalence of these disorders and their already significant burden in Western societies, they will become a real pandemic in the following decades. Therefore, we propose large-scale investigations, in selected groups of people over 40 years of age with decreased blood glutathione levels, comorbidities, and/or mild cognitive impairment, to evaluate supplementation of the diet with low doses of N-acetyl-cysteine, a promising and well-tolerated therapeutic agent suitable for long-term use.
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3
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Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs): decipher underlying basis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:259-268. [PMID: 34285347 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the aggregation of neurotoxic proteins in the central nervous system. Aberrant protein accumulation in NDs is largely caused by the dysfunction of the two principal protein catabolism pathways, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). The two protein quality control pathways are bridged by ubiquitination, a post-translational modification that can induce protein degradation via both the UPS and the ALP. Perturbed ubiquitination leads to the formation of toxic aggregates and inclusion bodies that are deleterious to neurons. Ubiquitination is promoted by a cascade of ubiquitinating enzymes and counter-regulated by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). As fine-tuning regulators of ubiquitination and protein degradation, DUBs modulate the stability of ND-associated pathogenic proteins including amyloid β protein, Tau, and α-synuclein. Besides, DUBs also influence ND-associated mitophagy, protein secretion, and neuroinflammation. Given the various and critical functions of DUBs in NDs, DUBs may become potential therapeutic targets for NDs.
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Rackova L, Mach M, Brnoliakova Z. An update in toxicology of ageing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:103611. [PMID: 33581363 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of ageing research has been rapidly advancing in recent decades and it had provided insight into the complexity of ageing phenomenon. However, as the organism-environment interaction appears to significantly affect the organismal pace of ageing, the systematic approach for gerontogenic risk assessment of environmental factors has yet to be established. This puts demand on development of effective biomarker of ageing, as a relevant tool to quantify effects of gerontogenic exposures, contingent on multidisciplinary research approach. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the main endogenous gerontogenic pathways involved in acceleration of ageing through environmental exposures. These include inflammatory and oxidative stress-triggered processes, dysregulation of maintenance of cellular anabolism and catabolism and loss of protein homeostasis. The most effective biomarkers showing specificity and relevancy to ageing phenotypes are summarized, as well. The crucial part of this review was dedicated to the comprehensive overview of environmental gerontogens including various types of radiation, certain types of pesticides, heavy metals, drugs and addictive substances, unhealthy dietary patterns, and sedentary life as well as psychosocial stress. The reported effects in vitro and in vivo of both recognized and potential gerontogens are described with respect to the up-to-date knowledge in geroscience. Finally, hormetic and ageing decelerating effects of environmental factors are briefly discussed, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rackova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mojmir Mach
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Brnoliakova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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5
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Banasiak K, Szulc NA, Pokrzywa W. The Dose-Dependent Pleiotropic Effects of the UBB +1 Ubiquitin Mutant. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:650730. [PMID: 33842548 PMCID: PMC8032880 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.650730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteolytic machinery activity diminishes with age, leading to abnormal accumulation of aberrant proteins; furthermore, a decline in protein degradation capacity is associated with multiple age-related proteinopathies. Cellular proteostasis can be maintained via the removal of ubiquitin (Ub)-tagged damaged and redundant proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). However, during aging, central nervous system (CNS) cells begin to express a frameshift-mutated Ub, UBB+1. Its accumulation is a neuropathological hallmark of tauopathy, including Alzheimer’s disease and polyglutamine diseases. Mechanistically, in cell-free and cell-based systems, an increase in the UBB+1 concentration disrupts proteasome processivity, leading to increased aggregation of toxic proteins. On the other hand, a low level of UBB+1 improves stress resistance and extends lifespan. Here we summarize recent findings regarding the impact of UBB+1 on Ub signaling and neurodegeneration. We also review the molecular basis of how UBB+1 affects UPS components as well as its dose-dependent switch between cytoprotective and cytotoxic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Banasiak
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia A Szulc
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pokrzywa
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the most complex ATP-dependent protease machinery, of ~2.5 MDa mass, ubiquitously found in all eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and plays fundamentally indispensable roles in regulating almost all major aspects of cellular activities. To serve as the sole terminal "processor" for myriad ubiquitylation pathways, the proteasome evolved exceptional adaptability in dynamically organizing a large network of proteins, including ubiquitin receptors, shuttle factors, deubiquitinases, AAA-ATPase unfoldases, and ubiquitin ligases, to enable substrate selectivity and processing efficiency and to achieve regulation precision of a vast diversity of substrates. The inner working of the 26S proteasome is among the most sophisticated, enigmatic mechanisms of enzyme machinery in eukaryotic cells. Recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional atomic-level visualization of the 26S proteasome dynamics during polyubiquitylated substrate degradation elucidated an extensively detailed picture of its functional mechanisms, owing to progressive methodological advances associated with cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Multiple sites of ubiquitin binding in the proteasome revealed a canonical mode of ubiquitin-dependent substrate engagement. The proteasome conformation in the act of substrate deubiquitylation provided insights into how the deubiquitylating activity of RPN11 is enhanced in the holoenzyme and is coupled to substrate translocation. Intriguingly, three principal modes of coordinated ATP hydrolysis in the heterohexameric AAA-ATPase motor were discovered to regulate intermediate functional steps of the proteasome, including ubiquitin-substrate engagement, deubiquitylation, initiation of substrate translocation and processive substrate degradation. The atomic dissection of the innermost working of the 26S proteasome opens up a new era in our understanding of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and has far-reaching implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Mao
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA. .,School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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7
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Watson ME, Scott D, Jamieson C, Layfield R, Mason AM. Design, synthesis and evaluation of E2‐25K derived stapled peptides. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morag E. Watson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Daniel Scott
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School Nottingham UK
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew M. Mason
- Medicinal Sciences and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre Stevenage Herts UK
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8
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Menon S, Goldfarb D, Cousins EM, Major MB, Gupton SL. The ubiquitylome of developing cortical neurons. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2020; 2020:10.17912/micropub.biology.000333. [PMID: 33274322 PMCID: PMC7704252 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Verheijen BM, Lussier C, Müller-Hübers C, Garruto RM, Oyanagi K, Braun RJ, van Leeuwen FW. Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response and Proteostasis Disturbance in Parkinsonism-Dementia of Guam. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:34-45. [PMID: 31750913 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Guam parkinsonism-dementia (G-PD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder among the native inhabitants of the Mariana Islands that manifests clinically with parkinsonism as well as dementia. Neuropathologically, G-PD is characterized by abundant neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, marked deposition of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), and neuronal loss. The mechanisms that underlie neurodegeneration in G-PD are poorly understood. Here, we report that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in G-PD brains. Specifically, we show that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone binding immunoglobulin protein/glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa and phosphorylated (activated) ER stress sensor protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase accumulate in G-PD brains. Furthermore, proteinaceous aggregates in G-PD brains are found to contain several proteins related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy pathway, two major mechanisms for intracellular protein degradation. In particular, a mutant ubiquitin (UBB+1), whose presence is a marker for UPS dysfunction, is shown to accumulate in G-PD brains. We demonstrate that UBB+1 is a potent modifier of TDP-43 aggregation and cytotoxicity in vitro. Overall, these data suggest that UPR activation and intracellular proteolytic pathways are intimately connected with the accumulation of aggregated proteins in G-PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Celina Lussier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Cora Müller-Hübers
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Ralf J Braun
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
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Hegde AN, Smith SG, Duke LM, Pourquoi A, Vaz S. Perturbations of Ubiquitin-Proteasome-Mediated Proteolysis in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:324. [PMID: 31866849 PMCID: PMC6910070 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) has multiple roles in the normal nervous system, including the development of synaptic connections and synaptic plasticity. Research over the past several years has indicated a role for the UPP in aging without any overt pathology in the brain. In addition, malfunction of the UPP is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia associated with it. In this mini review article, we assess the literature on the role of protein degradation by the UPP in aging and in AD with special emphasis on dysregulation of the UPP and its contribution to cognitive decline and impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok N Hegde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, United States
| | - Spencer G Smith
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, United States
| | - Lindsey M Duke
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, United States
| | - Allison Pourquoi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, United States
| | - Savannah Vaz
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, United States
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11
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Cuanalo-Contreras K, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Natural Products as Modulators of the Proteostasis Machinery: Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194666. [PMID: 31547084 PMCID: PMC6801507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins play crucial and diverse roles within the cell. To exert their biological function they must fold to acquire an appropriate three-dimensional conformation. Once their function is fulfilled, they need to be properly degraded to hamper any possible damage. Protein homeostasis or proteostasis comprises a complex interconnected network that regulates different steps of the protein quality control, from synthesis and folding, to degradation. Due to the primary role of proteins in cellular function, the integrity of this network is critical to assure functionality and health across lifespan. Proteostasis failure has been reported in the context of aging and neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, targeting the proteostasis elements emerges as a promising neuroprotective therapeutic approach to prevent or ameliorate the progression of these disorders. A variety of natural products are known to be neuroprotective by protein homeostasis interaction. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge regarding the use of natural products as modulators of different components of the proteostasis machinery within the framework of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Cuanalo-Contreras
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Saha P, Sen N. Tauopathy: A common mechanism for neurodegeneration and brain aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 178:72-79. [PMID: 30668956 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tau, a microtubule-associated protein promotes assembly and stability of microtubules which is related to axoplasmic flow and critical neuronal activities upon physiological conditions. Under neurodegenerative condition such as in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), tau-microtubule binding dynamics and equilibrium are severely affected due to its aberrant post-translational modifications including acetylation and hyperphosphorylation. This event results in its conformational changes to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) after aggregation in the cytosol. The formation of NFT is more strongly correlated with cognitive decline than the distribution of senile plaque, which is formed by polymorphous beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein deposits, another pathological hallmark of AD. In neurodegenerative conditions, other than AD, the disease manifestation is correlated with mutations of the MAPT gene. In Primary age-related tauopathy (PART), which is commonly observed in the brains of aged individuals, tau deposition is directly correlated with cognitive deficits even in the absence of Aβ deposition. Thus, tauopathy has been considered as an essential hallmark in neurodegeneration and normal brain aging. In this review, we highlighted the recent progress about the tauopathies in the light of its posttranslational modifications and its implication in AD and the aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pampa Saha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, 15213, United States
| | - Nilkantha Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, 15213, United States.
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13
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Verheijen BM, van Leeuwen FW. Mutant ubiquitin reduces Aβ plaques. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:2544-2546. [PMID: 30321138 PMCID: PMC6224247 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert M. Verheijen
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fred W. van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Verheijen BM, Stevens JAA, Gentier RJG, van 't Hekke CD, van den Hove DLA, Hermes DJHP, Steinbusch HWM, Ruijter JM, Grimm MOW, Haupenthal VJ, Annaert W, Hartmann T, van Leeuwen FW. Paradoxical effects of mutant ubiquitin on Aβ plaque formation in an Alzheimer mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 72:62-71. [PMID: 30216939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques are a prominent pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). They consist of aggregated Aβ peptides, which are generated through sequential proteolytic processing of the transmembrane protein amyloid precursor protein (APP) and several Aβ-associated factors. Efficient clearance of Aβ from the brain is thought to be important to prevent the development and progression of AD. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is one of the major pathways for protein breakdown in cells and it has been suggested that impaired UPS-mediated removal of protein aggregates could play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. To study the effects of an impaired UPS on Aβ pathology in vivo, transgenic APPSwe/PS1ΔE9 mice (APPPS1) were crossed with transgenic mice expressing mutant ubiquitin (UBB+1), a protein-based inhibitor of the UPS. Surprisingly, the APPPS1/UBB+1 crossbreed showed a remarkable decrease in Aβ plaque load during aging. Further analysis showed that UBB+1 expression transiently restored PS1-NTF expression and γ-secretase activity in APPPS1 mice. Concurrently, UBB+1 decreased levels of β-APP-CTF, which is a γ-secretase substrate. Although UBB+1 reduced Aβ pathology in APPPS1 mice, it did not improve the behavioral deficits in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jo A A Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Romina J G Gentier
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian D van 't Hekke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Denise J H P Hermes
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M Ruijter
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus O W Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, University of Saarland, Experimental Neurology, Homburg, Germany
| | - Viola J Haupenthal
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, University of Saarland, Experimental Neurology, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wim Annaert
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, Belgium
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, University of Saarland, Experimental Neurology, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Muñoz-Arellano AJ, Chen X, Molt A, Meza E, Petranovic D. Different Expression Levels of Human Mutant Ubiquitin B +1 (UBB +1) Can Modify Chronological Lifespan or Stress Resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:200. [PMID: 29950972 PMCID: PMC6008557 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main pathway responsible for the degradation of misfolded proteins, and its dysregulation has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). UBB+1, a mutant variant of ubiquitin B, was found to accumulate in neurons of AD patients and it has been linked to UPS dysfunction and neuronal death. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system, we constitutively expressed UBB+1 to evaluate its effects on proteasome function and cell death, particularly under conditions of chronological aging. We showed that the expression of UBB+1 caused inhibition of the three proteasomal proteolytic activities (caspase-like (β1), trypsin-like (β2) and chymotrypsin-like (β5) activities) in yeast. Interestingly, this inhibition did not alter cell viability of growing cells. Moreover, we showed that cells expressing UBB+1 at lower level displayed an increased capacity to degrade induced misfolded proteins. When we evaluated cells during chronological aging, UBB+1 expression at lower level, prevented cells to accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and avert apoptosis, dramatically increasing yeast life span. Since proteasome inhibition by UBB+1 has previously been shown to induce chaperone expression and thus protect against stress, we evaluated our UBB+1 model under heat shock and oxidative stress. Higher expression of UBB+1 caused thermotolerance in yeast due to induction of chaperones, which occurred to a lesser extent at lower expression level of UBB+1 (where we observed the phenotype of extended life span). Altering UPS capacity by differential expression of UBB+1 protects cells against several stresses during chronological aging. This system can be valuable to study the effects of UBB+1 on misfolded proteins involved in neurodegeneration and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Joyce Muñoz-Arellano
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Molt
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eugenio Meza
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Verheijen BM, Oyanagi K, van Leeuwen FW. Dysfunction of Protein Quality Control in Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam. Front Neurol 2018; 9:173. [PMID: 29615966 PMCID: PMC5869191 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guam parkinsonism–dementia complex (G-PDC) is an enigmatic neurodegenerative disease that is endemic to the Pacific island of Guam. G-PDC patients are clinically characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and parkinsonism. Neuropathologically, G-PDC is characterized by abundant neurofibrillary tangles, which are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, marked deposition of 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein, and neuronal loss. Although both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, the etiology and pathogenesis of G-PDC remain unknown. Recent neuropathological studies have provided new clues about the pathomechanisms involved in G-PDC. For example, deposition of abnormal components of the protein quality control system in brains of G-PDC patients indicates a role for proteostasis imbalance in the disease. This opens up promising avenues for new research on G-PDC and could have important implications for the study of other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan.,Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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17
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Otero MG, Bessone IF, Hallberg AE, Cromberg LE, De Rossi MC, Saez TM, Levi V, Almenar-Queralt A, Falzone TL. Proteasome stress leads to APP axonal transport defects by promoting its amyloidogenic processing in lysosomes. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.214536. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.214536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathology includes the accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and failures in proteasome-dependent degradation. Whereas the distribution of proteasomes and its role in synaptic function have been studied, whether proteasome activity regulates the axonal transport and metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), remains elusive. Using live imaging in primary hippocampal neurons, we showed that proteasome inhibition rapidly and severely impairs the axonal transport of APP. Fluorescent cross-correlation analyses and membrane internalization blockage showed that plasma membrane APP do not contribute to transport defects. Moreover, by western blots and double-color APP imaging we demonstrated that proteasome inhibition precludes APP axonal transport by enhancing its endo-lysosomal delivery where β-cleavage is induced. Together, we found that proteasomes controls the distal transport of APP and can re-distribute Golgi-derived vesicles to the endo-lysosomal pathway. This crosstalk between proteasomes and lysosomes regulates APP intracellular dynamics, and defects in proteasome activity can be considered a contributing factor that lead to abnormal APP metabolism in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Otero
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - Ivan Fernandez Bessone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - Alan Earle Hallberg
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - Lucas Eneas Cromberg
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia De Rossi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica-IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET, CP1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Trinidad M. Saez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET). Vuelta de obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, CP 1428, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica-IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET, CP1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Angels Almenar-Queralt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Tomás Luis Falzone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET). Vuelta de obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, CP 1428, Argentina
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18
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Verheijen BM, Hashimoto T, Oyanagi K, van Leeuwen FW. Deposition of mutant ubiquitin in parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:82. [PMID: 29122008 PMCID: PMC5679492 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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19
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Abstract
Human development requires intricate cell specification and communication pathways that allow an embryo to generate and appropriately connect more than 200 different cell types. Key to the successful completion of this differentiation programme is the quantitative and reversible regulation of core signalling networks, and post-translational modification with ubiquitin provides embryos with an essential tool to accomplish this task. Instigated by E3 ligases and reversed by deubiquitylases, ubiquitylation controls many processes that are fundamental for development, such as cell division, fate specification and migration. As aberrant function or regulation of ubiquitylation enzymes is at the roots of developmental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration, modulating the activity of ubiquitylation enzymes is likely to provide strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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20
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Verheijen BM, Gentier RJG, Hermes DJHP, van Leeuwen FW, Hopkins DA. Selective Transgenic Expression of Mutant Ubiquitin in Purkinje Cell Stripes in the Cerebellum. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 16:746-750. [PMID: 27966098 PMCID: PMC5427096 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-016-0838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is one of the major mechanisms for protein breakdown in cells, targeting proteins for degradation by enzymatically conjugating them to ubiquitin molecules. Intracellular accumulation of ubiquitin-B+1 (UBB+1), a frameshift mutant of ubiquitin-B, is indicative of a dysfunctional UPS and has been implicated in several disorders, including neurodegenerative disease. UBB+1-expressing transgenic mice display widespread labeling for UBB+1 in brain and exhibit behavioral deficits. Here, we show that UBB+1 is specifically expressed in a subset of parasagittal stripes of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex of a UBB+1-expressing mouse model. This expression pattern is reminiscent of that of the constitutively expressed Purkinje cell antigen HSP25, a small heat shock protein with neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Lab of Experimental Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Romina J G Gentier
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Denise J H P Hermes
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David A Hopkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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21
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Bach SV, Hegde AN. The proteasome and epigenetics: zooming in on histone modifications. Biomol Concepts 2017; 7:215-27. [PMID: 27522625 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is a structural complex of many proteins that degrades substrates marked by covalent linkage to ubiquitin. Many years of research has shown a role for ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis in synaptic plasticity and memory mainly in degrading synaptic, cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. Recent work indicates that the proteasome has wider proteolytic and non-proteolytic roles in processes such as histone modifications that affect synaptic plasticity and memory. In this review, we assess the evidence gathered from neuronal as well as non-neuronal cell types regarding the function of the proteasome in positive or negative regulation of posttranslational modifications of histones, such as acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination. We discuss the critical roles of the proteasome in clearing excess histone proteins in various cellular contexts and the possible non-proteolytic functions in regulating transcription of target genes. In addition, we summarize the current literature on diverse chromatin-remodeling machineries, such as histone acetyltransferases, deacetylates, methyltransferases and demethylases, as targets for proteasomal degradation across experimental models. Lastly, we provide a perspective on how proteasomal regulation of histone modifications may modulate synaptic plasticity in the nervous system.
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22
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Höhn A, Weber D, Jung T, Ott C, Hugo M, Kochlik B, Kehm R, König J, Grune T, Castro JP. Happily (n)ever after: Aging in the context of oxidative stress, proteostasis loss and cellular senescence. Redox Biol 2016; 11:482-501. [PMID: 28086196 PMCID: PMC5228102 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon and its impact is becoming more relevant due to the rising life expectancy and because aging itself is the basis for the development of age-related diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and type 2 diabetes. Recent years of scientific research have brought up different theories that attempt to explain the aging process. So far, there is no single theory that fully explains all facets of aging. The damage accumulation theory is one of the most accepted theories due to the large body of evidence found over the years. Damage accumulation is thought to be driven, among others, by oxidative stress. This condition results in an excess attack of oxidants on biomolecules, which lead to damage accumulation over time and contribute to the functional involution of cells, tissues and organisms. If oxidative stress persists, cellular senescence is a likely outcome and an important hallmark of aging. Therefore, it becomes crucial to understand how senescent cells function and how they contribute to the aging process. This review will cover cellular senescence features related to the protein pool such as morphological and molecular hallmarks, how oxidative stress promotes protein modifications, how senescent cells cope with them by proteostasis mechanisms, including antioxidant enzymes and proteolytic systems. We will also highlight the nutritional status of senescent cells and aged organisms (including human clinical studies) by exploring trace elements and micronutrients and on their importance to develop strategies that might increase both, life and health span and postpone aging onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Höhn
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hugo
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Richard Kehm
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeannette König
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany; NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - José Pedro Castro
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Institute for Innovation and Health Research (I3S), Aging and Stress Group, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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23
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Hegde AN. Proteolysis, synaptic plasticity and memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 138:98-110. [PMID: 27614141 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation has many critical functions in the nervous system such as refinement of synaptic connections during development and synaptic plasticity and memory in the adult organisms. A major cellular machinery of proteolysis is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP). The UPP precisely regulates proteolysis by covalently attaching ubiquitin, a small protein, to substrates through sequential enzymatic reactions and the proteins marked with the ubiquitin tag are degraded by complex containing many subunits called the proteasome. Research over the years has shown a role for the UPP in regulating presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins critical for neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Studies have also revealed a role for the UPP in various forms of memory. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the function of the UPP in neurons is not homogenous and is subject to local regulation in different neuronal sub-compartments. In both invertebrate and vertebrate model systems, local roles have been found for enzymes that attach ubiquitin to substrate proteins as well as for enzymes that remove ubiquitin from substrates. The proteasome also has disparate functions in different parts of the neuron. In addition to the UPP, proteolysis by the lysosome and autophagy play a role in synaptic plasticity and memory. This review details the functions of proteolysis in synaptic plasticity and summarizes the findings on the connection between proteolysis and memory mainly focusing on the UPP including its local roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok N Hegde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA.
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24
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Chen X, Petranovic D. Role of frameshift ubiquitin B protein in Alzheimer's disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:300-13. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
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25
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Gentier RJ, van Leeuwen FW. Misframed ubiquitin and impaired protein quality control: an early event in Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:47. [PMID: 26388726 PMCID: PMC4557111 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) plaque formation is a prominent cellular hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, immunization trials in AD patients have not been effective in terms of curing or ameliorating dementia. In addition, γ-secretase inhibitor strategies await clinical improvements in AD. These approaches were based upon the idea that autosomal dominant mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Presenilin 1 (PS1) genes are predictive for treatment of all AD patients. However most AD patients are of the sporadic form which partly explains the failures to treat this multifactorial disease. The major risk factor for developing sporadic AD (SAD) is aging whereas the Apolipoprotein E polymorphism (ε4 variant) is the most prominent genetic risk factor. Other medium-risk factors such as triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and nine low risk factors from Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) were associated with AD. Recently, pooled GWAS studies identified protein ubiquitination as one of the key modulators of AD. In addition, a brain site specific strategy was used to compare the proteomes of AD patients by an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. This strategy revealed numerous proteins that strongly interact with ubiquitin (UBB) signaling, and pointing to a dysfunctional ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) as a causal factor in AD. We reported that DNA-RNA sequence differences in several genes including ubiquitin do occur in AD, the resulting misframed protein of which accumulates in the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This suggests again a functional link between neurodegeneration of the AD type and loss of protein quality control by the UPS. Progress in this field is discussed and modulating the activity of the UPS opens an attractive avenue of research towards slowing down the development of AD and ameliorating its effects by discovering prime targets for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina J. Gentier
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Fred W. van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
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26
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Gentier RJG, Verheijen BM, Zamboni M, Stroeken MMA, Hermes DJHP, Küsters B, Steinbusch HWM, Hopkins DA, Van Leeuwen FW. Localization of mutant ubiquitin in the brain of a transgenic mouse line with proteasomal inhibition and its validation at specific sites in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:26. [PMID: 25852488 PMCID: PMC4362318 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) during aging is one of the processes putatively contributing to cellular stress and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Recently, pooled Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), pathway analysis and proteomics identified protein ubiquitination as one of the key modulators of AD. Mutations in ubiquitin B mRNA that result in UBB+1 dose-dependently cause an impaired UPS, subsequent accumulation of UBB+1 and most probably depositions of other aberrant proteins present in plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. We used specific immunohistochemical probes for a comprehensive topographic mapping of the UBB+1 distribution in the brains of transgenic mouse line 3413 overexpressing UBB+1. We also mapped the expression of UBB+1 in brain areas of AD patients selected based upon the distribution of UBB+1 in line 3413. Therefore, we focused on the olfactory bulb, basal ganglia, nucleus basalis of Meynert, inferior colliculus and raphe nuclei. UBB+1 distribution was compared with established probes for pre-tangles and tangles and Aβ plaques. UBB+1 distribution found in line 3413 is partly mirrored in the AD brain. Specifically, nuclei with substantial accumulations of tangle-bearing neurons, such as the nucleus basalis of Meynert and raphe nuclei also present high densities of UBB+1 positive tangles. Line 3413 is useful for studying the contribution of proteasomal dysfunction in AD. The findings are consistent with evidence that areas outside the forebrain are also affected in AD. Line 3413 may also be predictive for other conformational diseases, including related tauopathies and polyglutamine diseases, in which UBB+1 accumulates in their cellular hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina J G Gentier
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Margherita Zamboni
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maartje M A Stroeken
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Denise J H P Hermes
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Benno Küsters
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David A Hopkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands ; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Fred W Van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
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27
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Braun RJ. Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in yeast cells expressing neurotoxic proteins. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:8. [PMID: 25814926 PMCID: PMC4357299 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Critically impaired protein degradation is discussed to contribute to neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and motor neuron diseases. Misfolded, aggregated, or surplus proteins are efficiently degraded via distinct protein degradation pathways, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and vesicular trafficking. These pathways are regulated by covalent modification of target proteins with the small protein ubiquitin and are evolutionary highly conserved from humans to yeast. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an established model for deciphering mechanisms of protein degradation, and for the elucidation of pathways underlying programmed cell death. The expression of human neurotoxic proteins triggers cell death in yeast, with neurotoxic protein-specific differences. Therefore, yeast cell death models are suitable for analyzing the role of protein degradation pathways in modulating cell death upon expression of disease-causing proteins. This review summarizes which protein degradation pathways are affected in these yeast models, and how they are involved in the execution of cell death. I will discuss to which extent this mimics the situation in other neurotoxic models, and how this may contribute to a better understanding of human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf J Braun
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Universität Bayreuth Bayreuth, Germany
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Braun RJ, Sommer C, Leibiger C, Gentier RJG, Dumit VI, Paduch K, Eisenberg T, Habernig L, Trausinger G, Magnes C, Pieber T, Sinner F, Dengjel J, van Leeuwen FW, Kroemer G, Madeo F. Accumulation of Basic Amino Acids at Mitochondria Dictates the Cytotoxicity of Aberrant Ubiquitin. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1557-1571. [PMID: 25753421 PMCID: PMC4407011 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal accumulation of UBB+1, a frameshift variant of ubiquitin B, is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). How UBB+1 contributes to neuronal dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we show that in brain regions of AD patients with neurofibrillary tangles UBB+1 co-exists with VMS1, the mitochondrion-specific component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Expression of UBB+1 in yeast disturbs the UPS, leading to mitochondrial stress and apoptosis. Inhibiting UPS activity exacerbates while stimulating UPS by the transcription activator Rpn4 reduces UBB+1-triggered cytotoxicity. High levels of the Rpn4 target protein Cdc48 and its cofactor Vms1 are sufficient to relieve programmed cell death. We identified the UBB+1-induced enhancement of the basic amino acids arginine, ornithine, and lysine at mitochondria as a decisive toxic event, which can be reversed by Cdc48/Vms1-mediated proteolysis. The fact that AD-induced cellular dysfunctions can be avoided by UPS activity at mitochondria has potentially far-reaching pathophysiological implications. UBB+1 co-exists with the UPS component VMS1 in neurofibrillary tangles UBB+1 accumulation impairs the UPS and mitochondria, triggering cell death UBB+1 causes accumulation of basic amino acids at mitochondria Vms1 reverts UBB+1-triggered basic amino acid accumulation and cell death
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf J Braun
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Sommer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Leibiger
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Romina J G Gentier
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Verónica I Dumit
- FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Paduch
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Habernig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gert Trausinger
- HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Magnes
- HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Pieber
- HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Sinner
- HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity Laboratory, Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM Cordeliers Research Cancer, 75006 Paris, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. The most significant risk factor for the development of these disorders is aging, which is associated with a progressive decline in UPS activity and the accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins. To date, no therapies have been developed that can specifically up-regulate this system. RECENT ADVANCES In the neurodegenerative brain, dysfunction of the UPS has been associated with the deposition of ubiquitinated protein aggregates and widespread disruption of the proteostasis network. Recent research has identified further evidence of impairment in substrate ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which could contribute to the loss of cellular proteostasis in neurodegenerative disease. Novel strategies for activation of the UPS by genetic manipulation and treatment with synthetic compounds have also recently been identified. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we discuss the specific roles of the UPS in the healthy central nervous system and establish how dysfunctional components can contribute to neurotoxicity in the context of disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Knowledge of the UPS components that are specifically or preferentially involved in neurodegenerative disease will be critical in the development of targeted therapies which aim at limiting the accumulation of misfolded proteins without gross disturbance of this major proteolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McKinnon
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology , London, United Kingdom
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Schipanski A, Oberhauser F, Neumann M, Lange S, Szalay B, Krasemann S, van Leeuwen FW, Galliciotti G, Glatzel M. Lectin OS-9 delivers mutant neuroserpin to endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation in familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2394-403. [PMID: 24795221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A feature of neurodegenerative diseases is the intraneuronal accumulation of misfolded proteins. In familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB), mutations in neuroserpin lead to accumulation of neuroserpin polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of neurons. Cell culture based studies have shown that ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is involved in clearance of mutant neuroserpin. Here, we investigate how mutant neuroserpin is delivered to ERAD using cell culture and a murine model of FENIB. We show that the ER-lectin OS-9 but not XTP3-B is involved in ERAD of mutant neuroserpin. OS-9 binds mutant neuroserpin and the removal of glycosylation sites leads to increased neuroserpin protein load whereas overexpression of OS-9 decreases mutant neuroserpin. In FENIB mice, OS-9 but not XTP3-B is differently expressed and impairment of ERAD by partial inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system leads to increased neuroserpin protein load. These findings show that OS-9 delivers mutant neuroserpin to ERAD by recognition of glycan side chains and provide the first in vivo proof of involvement of ERAD in degradation of mutant neuroserpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schipanski
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Oberhauser
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Neumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Lange
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beata Szalay
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanna Galliciotti
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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31
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Yim N, Ryu SW, Han EC, Yoon J, Choi K, Choi C. Mutant ubiquitin UBB+1 induces mitochondrial fusion by destabilizing mitochondrial fission-specific proteins and confers resistance to oxidative stress-induced cell death in astrocytic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99937. [PMID: 24941066 PMCID: PMC4062464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant ubiquitin UBB+1 is observed in a variety of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases and acts as a potent inhibitor of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). In the present study, we investigated the relationship between impaired UPS (using ectopic expression of UBB+1) and mitochondrial dynamics in astrocytes, which are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system. Immunocytochemistry and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed that ectopic expression of UBB+1 induced mitochondrial elongation. We further demonstrated that overexpression of UBB+1 destabilized mitochondrial fission-specific proteins including Drp1, Fis1, and OPA3, but not the mitochondrial fusion-specific proteins Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1. The reduction in mitochondrial fission-specific proteins by UBB+1 was prevented by inhibiting the 26 S proteasome using chemical inhibitors, including MG132, lactacystin and epoxomicin. We then assessed the involvement of proteases that target mitochondrial proteins by using various protease inhibitors. Finally, we confirmed that either overexpression of UBB+1 or inhibiting the proteasome can protect astrocytic cells from H2O2-induced cell death compared with control cells. Our results suggest that UBB+1 destabilizes mitochondrial fission-specific proteins, leading to mitochondrial fusion and the subsequent resistance to oxidative stress. We therefore propose a protective role of UBB+1 overexpression or the proteasome inhibition in astrocytes in degenerative brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nambin Yim
- Cell Signaling and BioImaging Laboratory, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Ryu
- Cell Signaling and BioImaging Laboratory, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
- KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Chun Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- Cell Signaling and BioImaging Laboratory, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyungsun Choi
- Cell Signaling and BioImaging Laboratory, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (KC); (CC)
| | - Chulhee Choi
- Cell Signaling and BioImaging Laboratory, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
- KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (KC); (CC)
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32
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Bilkei-Gorzo A. Genetic mouse models of brain ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:244-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hong L, Huang HC, Jiang ZF. Relationship between amyloid-beta and the ubiquitin–proteasome system in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurol Res 2014; 36:276-82. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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34
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Role of protein misfolding and proteostasis deficiency in protein misfolding diseases and aging. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:638083. [PMID: 24348562 PMCID: PMC3855986 DOI: 10.1155/2013/638083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The misfolding, aggregation, and tissue accumulation of proteins are common events in diverse chronic diseases, known as protein misfolding disorders. Many of these diseases are associated with aging, but the mechanism for this connection is unknown. Recent evidence has shown that the formation and accumulation of protein aggregates may be a process frequently occurring during normal aging, but it is unknown whether protein misfolding is a cause or a consequence of aging. To combat the formation of these misfolded aggregates cells have developed complex and complementary pathways aiming to maintain protein homeostasis. These protective pathways include the unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin proteasome system, autophagy, and the encapsulation of damaged proteins in aggresomes. In this paper we review the current knowledge on the role of protein misfolding in disease and aging as well as the implication of deficiencies in the proteostasis cellular pathways in these processes. It is likely that further understanding of the mechanisms involved in protein misfolding and the natural defense pathways may lead to novel strategies for treatment of age-dependent protein misfolding disorders and perhaps aging itself.
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35
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Irmler M, Gentier RJG, Dennissen FJA, Schulz H, Bolle I, Hölter SM, Kallnik M, Cheng JJ, Klingenspor M, Rozman J, Ehrhardt N, Hermes DJHP, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Meyer HE, Hopkins DA, Van Leeuwen FW, Beckers J. Long-term proteasomal inhibition in transgenic mice by UBB(+1) expression results in dysfunction of central respiration control reminiscent of brainstem neuropathology in Alzheimer patients. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 124:187-97. [PMID: 22730000 PMCID: PMC3400757 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-1003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging and neurodegeneration are often accompanied by a functionally impaired ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). In tauopathies and polyglutamine diseases, a mutant form of ubiquitin B (UBB+1) accumulates in disease-specific aggregates. UBB+1 mRNA is generated at low levels in vivo during transcription from the ubiquitin B locus by molecular misreading. The resulting mutant protein has been shown to inhibit proteasome function. To elucidate causative effects and neuropathological consequences of UBB+1 accumulation, we used a UBB+1 expressing transgenic mouse line that models UPS inhibition in neurons and exhibits behavioral phenotypes reminiscent of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to reveal affected organs and functions, young and aged UBB+1 transgenic mice were comprehensively phenotyped for more than 240 parameters. This revealed unexpected changes in spontaneous breathing patterns and an altered response to hypoxic conditions. Our findings point to a central dysfunction of respiratory regulation in transgenic mice in comparison to wild-type littermate mice. Accordingly, UBB+1 was strongly expressed in brainstem regions of transgenic mice controlling respiration. These regions included, e.g., the medial part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius and the lateral subdivisions of the parabrachial nucleus. In addition, UBB+1 was also strongly expressed in these anatomical structures of AD patients (Braak stage #6) and was not expressed in non-demented controls. We conclude that long-term UPS inhibition due to UBB+1 expression causes central breathing dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model of AD. The UBB+1 expression pattern in humans is consistent with the contribution of bronchopneumonia as a cause of death in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Irmler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Romina J. G. Gentier
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. A. Dennissen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Schulz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Epidemiology I, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ines Bolle
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M. Hölter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Kallnik
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jing Jun Cheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Technische Universität München, ZIEL—Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, ZIEL—Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Nicole Ehrhardt
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Denise J. H. P. Hermes
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, WZW—Center of Life and Food Science Weihenstephan, Chair of Experimental Genetics, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Helmut E. Meyer
- Medical Proteome Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - David A. Hopkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fred W. Van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, WZW—Center of Life and Food Science Weihenstephan, Chair of Experimental Genetics, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Ihara Y, Morishima-Kawashima M, Nixon R. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagic-lysosomal system in Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:a006361. [PMID: 22908190 PMCID: PMC3405832 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As neurons age, their survival depends on eliminating a growing burden of damaged, potentially toxic proteins and organelles-a capability that declines owing to aging and disease factors. Here, we review the two proteolytic systems principally responsible for protein quality control in neurons and their important contributions to Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. In the first section, the discovery of paired helical filament ubiquitination is described as a backdrop for discussing the importance of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in Alzheimer disease. In the second section, we review the prominent involvement of the lysosomal system beginning with pathological endosomal-lysosomal activation and signaling at the very earliest stages of Alzheimer disease followed by the progressive failure of autophagy. These abnormalities, which result in part from Alzheimer-related genes acting directly on these lysosomal pathways, contribute to the development of each of the Alzheimer neuropathological hallmarks and represent a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Ihara
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.
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37
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Hamley IW. The Amyloid Beta Peptide: A Chemist’s Perspective. Role in Alzheimer’s and Fibrillization. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5147-92. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. W. Hamley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD,
U.K
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38
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van Tijn P, Dennissen FJA, Gentier RJG, Hobo B, Hermes D, Steinbusch HWM, Van Leeuwen FW, Fischer DF. Mutant ubiquitin decreases amyloid β plaque formation in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:739-48. [PMID: 22797007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mutant ubiquitin UBB(+1) is a substrate as well as an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and accumulates in the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A role for the UPS has been suggested in the generation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques in AD. To investigate the effect of UBB(+1) expression on amyloid pathology in vivo, we crossed UBB(+1) transgenic mice with a transgenic line expressing AD-associated mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPSwe) and mutant presenilin 1 (PS1dE9), resulting in APPPS1/UBB(+1) triple transgenic mice. In these mice, we determined the Aβ levels at 3, 6, 9 and 11 months of age. Surprisingly, we found a significant decrease in Aβ deposition in amyloid plaques and levels of soluble Aβ(42) in APPPS1/UBB(+1) transgenic mice compared to APPPS1 mice at 6 months of age, without alterations in UBB(+1) protein levels or proteasomal chymotrypsin activity. These lowering effects of UBB(+1) on Aβ deposition were transient, as this relative decrease in plaque load was not significant in APPPS1/UBB(+1) mice at 9 and 11 months of age. We also show that APPPS1/UBB(+1) mice exhibit astrogliosis, indicating that they may not be improved functionally compared to APPPS1 mice despite the Aβ reduction. The molecular mechanism underlying this decrease in Aβ deposition in APPPS1/UBB(+1) mice is more complex than previously assumed because UBB(+1) is also ubiquitinated at K63 opening the possibility of additional effects of UBB(+1) (e.g. kinase activation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula van Tijn
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Chadwick L, Gentle L, Strachan J, Layfield R. Review: unchained maladie - a reassessment of the role of Ubb(+1) -capped polyubiquitin chains in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2012; 38:118-31. [PMID: 22082077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular misreading allows the formation of mutant proteins in the absence of gene mutations. A mechanism has been proposed by which a frameshift mutant of the ubiquitin protein, Ubb(+1) , which accumulates in an age-dependent manner as a result of molecular misreading, contributes to neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease (Lam et al. 2000). Specifically, in the Ubb(+1) -mediated proteasome inhibition hypothesis Ubb(+1) 'caps' unanchored (that is, nonsubstrate linked) polyubiquitin chains, which then act as dominant inhibitors of the 26S proteasome. A review of subsequent literature indicates that this original hypothesis is broadly supported, and offers new insights into the mechanisms accounting for the age-dependent accumulation of Ubb(+1) , and how Ubb(+1) -mediated proteasome inhibition may contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Further, recent studies have highlighted a physiological role for free endogenous unanchored polyubiquitin chains in the direct activation of certain protein kinases. This raises the possibility that Ubb(+1) -capped unanchored polyubiquitin chains could also exert harmful effects through the aberrant activation of tau or other ubiquitin-dependent kinases, neuronal NF-κB activity or NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chadwick
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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40
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Age-associated neurodegeneration and oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:305-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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41
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Abstract
The ubiquitin/proteasome pathway is the major proteolytic quality control system in cells. In this review we discuss the impact of a deregulation of this pathway on neuronal function and its causal relationship to the intracellular deposition of ubiquitin protein conjugates in pathological inclusion bodies in all the major chronic neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We describe the intricate nature of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and discuss the paradox of protein aggregation, i.e. its potential toxic/protective effect in neurodegeneration. The relations between some of the dysfunctional components of the pathway and neurodegeneration are presented. We highlight possible ubiquitin/proteasome pathway-targeting therapeutic approaches, such as activating the proteasome, enhancing ubiquitination and promoting SUMOylation that might be important to slow/treat the progression of neurodegeneration. Finally, a model time line is presented for neurodegeneration starting at the initial injurious events up to protein aggregation and cell death, with potential time points for therapeutic intervention.
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van Tijn P, Hobo B, Verhage MC, Oitzl MS, van Leeuwen FW, Fischer DF. Alzheimer-associated mutant ubiquitin impairs spatial reference memory. Physiol Behav 2011; 102:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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van Tijn P, Verhage MC, Hobo B, van Leeuwen FW, Fischer DF. Low levels of mutant ubiquitin are degraded by the proteasome in vivo. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:2325-37. [PMID: 20336771 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system fulfills a pivotal role in regulating intracellular protein turnover. Impairment of this system is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by ubiquitin- containing proteinaceous deposits. UBB(+1), a mutant ubiquitin, is one of the proteins accumulating in the neuropathological hallmarks of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, and polyglutamine diseases. In vitro, UBB(+1) properties shift from a proteasomal ubiquitin-fusion degradation substrate at low expression levels to a proteasome inhibitor at high expression levels. Here we report on a novel transgenic mouse line (line 6663) expressing low levels of neuronal UBB(+1). In these mice, UBB(+1) protein is scarcely detectable in the neuronal cell population. Accumulation of UBB(+1) commences only after intracranial infusion of the proteasome inhibitors lactacystin or MG262, showing that, at these low expression levels, the UBB(+1) protein is a substrate for proteasomal degradation in vivo. In addition, accumulation of the protein serves as a reporter for proteasome inhibition. These findings strengthen our proposition that, in healthy brain, UBB(+1) is continuously degraded and disease-related UBB(+1) accumulation serves as an endogenous marker for proteasomal dysfunction. This novel transgenic line can give more insight into the intrinsic properties of UBB(+1) and its role in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula van Tijn
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Role of ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis in nervous system disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2010; 1809:128-40. [PMID: 20674814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is now widely recognized as a molecular mechanism controlling myriad normal functions in the nervous system. Also, this pathway is intimately linked to many diseases and disorders of the brain. Among the diseases connected to the UPP are neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Perturbation in the UPP is also believed to play a causative role in mental disorders such as Angelman syndrome. The pathology of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by abnormal deposition of insoluble protein aggregates or inclusion bodies within neurons. The ubiquitinated protein aggregates are believed to result from dysfunction of the UPP or from structural changes in the protein substrates which prevent their recognition and degradation by the UPP. An early effect of abnormal UPP in diseases of the nervous system is likely to be impairment of synaptic function. Here we discuss the UPP and its physiological roles in the nervous system and how alterations in the UPP relate to development of nervous system diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The 26S Proteasome: When degradation is just not enough!
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45
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Abstract
Proteolysis by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) has emerged as a new molecular mechanism that controls wide-ranging functions in the nervous system, including fine-tuning of synaptic connections during development and synaptic plasticity in the adult organism. In the UPP, attachment of a small protein, ubiquitin, tags the substrates for degradation by a multisubunit complex called the proteasome. Linkage of ubiquitin to protein substrates is highly specific and occurs through a series of well-orchestrated enzymatic steps. The UPP regulates neurotransmitter receptors, protein kinases, synaptic proteins, transcription factors, and other molecules critical for synaptic plasticity. Accumulating evidence indicates that the operation of the UPP in neurons is not homogeneous and is subject to tightly managed local regulation in different neuronal subcompartments. Investigations on both invertebrate and vertebrate model systems have revealed local roles for enzymes that attach ubiquitin to substrate proteins, as well as for enzymes that remove ubiquitin from substrates. The proteasome also has been shown to possess disparate functions in different parts of the neuron. Here I give a broad overview of the role of the UPP in synaptic plasticity and highlight the local roles and regulation of the proteolytic pathway in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok N Hegde
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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46
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Abstract
During the past century, treatments for the diseases of youth and middle age have helped raise life expectancy significantly. However, cognitive decline has emerged as one of the greatest health threats of old age, with nearly 50% of adults over the age of 85 afflicted with Alzheimer's disease. Developing therapeutic interventions for such conditions demands a greater understanding of the processes underlying normal and pathological brain ageing. Recent advances in the biology of ageing in model organisms, together with molecular and systems-level studies of the brain, are beginning to shed light on these mechanisms and their potential roles in cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Rogers N, Paine S, Bedford L, Layfield R. Review: the ubiquitin-proteasome system: contributions to cell death or survival in neurodegeneration. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2010; 36:113-24. [PMID: 20202119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The significance of the accumulation of ubiquitin-positive intraneuronal inclusions in the brains of those affected with different neurodegenerative diseases is currently unclear. While one interpretation is that the disease mechanism(s) involves dysfunction of an ubiquitin-mediated process, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the inclusions are also found in surviving neurones, suggesting a possible neuroprotective role. Here we review recent evidence in support of these seemingly opposing notions gleaned from cell and animal models as well as investigations of patient samples, with particular emphasis on studies relevant to Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rogers
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Tank EMH, True HL. Disease-associated mutant ubiquitin causes proteasomal impairment and enhances the toxicity of protein aggregates. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000382. [PMID: 19214209 PMCID: PMC2633047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is critical for cellular survival and its dysregulation has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the growing appreciation of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in familial forms of AD, much less is known about the sporadic cases. Aggregates found in both familial and sporadic AD often include proteins other than those typically associated with the disease. One such protein is a mutant form of ubiquitin, UBB+1, a frameshift product generated by molecular misreading of a wild-type ubiquitin gene. UBB+1 has been associated with multiple disorders. UBB+1 cannot function as a ubiquitin molecule, and it is itself a substrate for degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS). Accumulation of UBB+1 impairs the proteasome system and enhances toxic protein aggregation, ultimately resulting in cell death. Here, we describe a novel model system to investigate how UBB+1 impairs UPS function and whether it plays a causal role in protein aggregation. We expressed a protein analogous to UBB+1 in yeast (Ub(ext)) and demonstrated that it caused UPS impairment. Blocking ubiquitination of Ub(ext) or weakening its interactions with other ubiquitin-processing proteins reduced the UPS impairment. Expression of Ub(ext) altered the conjugation of wild-type ubiquitin to a UPS substrate. The expression of Ub(ext) markedly enhanced cellular susceptibility to toxic protein aggregates but, surprisingly, did not induce or alter nontoxic protein aggregates in yeast. Taken together, these results suggest that Ub(ext) interacts with more than one protein to elicit impairment of the UPS and affect protein aggregate toxicity. Furthermore, we suggest a model whereby chronic UPS impairment could inflict deleterious consequences on proper protein aggregate sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. H. Tank
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Heather L. True
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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