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Zhao B, Jiang Q, Lin J, Wei Q, Li C, Hou Y, Cao B, Zhang L, Ou R, Liu K, Yang T, Xiao Y, Shang H. TBK1 variants in Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Genetic analysis and clinical features. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3079-3089. [PMID: 37422901 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Haploinsufficiency of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) loss-of-function (LoF) variants has been shown to be pathogenic in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, the genetic spectrum of TBK1 and clinical features of ALS patients with TBK1 variants remain largely unknown in Asians. METHODS Genetic analysis was performed on 2011 Chinese ALS patients. Software was used to predict the deleteriousness of missense variants in TBK1. In addition, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for related literature. RESULTS Twenty-six TBK1 variants were identified in 33 of 2011 ALS patients, including six novel LoF variants (0.3%) and 20 rare missense variants, 12 of which were predicted to be deleterious (0.6%). In addition to TBK1 variants, 11 patients had other ALS-related gene variants. Forty-two previous studies found that the frequency of TBK1 variants was 1.81% in ALS/FTD patients. The frequency of TBK1 LoF variants in ALS was 0.5% (Asians 0.4%; Caucasian 0.6%) and that of missense variants was 0.8% (Asians 1.0%; Caucasian 0.8%). ALS patients with TBK1 LoF variants affecting the kinase domain had a significantly younger age of onset than patients carrying LoF variants affecting the coiled coil domains CCD1 and CCD2. FTD has a frequency of 10% in Caucasian ALS patients with TBK1 LoF variants, which was not found in our cohort. CONCLUSION Our study expanded the genotypic spectrum of ALS patients with TBK1 variants and found that the clinical manifestations of TBK1 carriers are diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qirui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuncheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Giovannelli I, Higginbottom A, Kirby J, Azzouz M, Shaw PJ. Prospects for gene replacement therapies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:39-52. [PMID: 36481799 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. ALS causes death, usually within 2-5 years of diagnosis. Riluzole, the only drug currently approved in Europe for the treatment of this condition, offers only a modest benefit, increasing survival by 3 months on average. Recent advances in our understanding of causative or disease-modifying genetic variants and in the development of genetic therapy strategies present exciting new therapeutic opportunities for ALS. In addition, the approval of adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of functional copies of the SMN1 gene to treat spinal muscular atrophy represents an important therapeutic milestone and demonstrates the potential of gene replacement therapies for motor neuron disorders. In this Review, we describe the current landscape of genetic therapies in ALS, highlighting achievements and critical challenges. In particular, we discuss opportunities for gene replacement therapy in subgroups of people with ALS, and we describe loss-of-function mutations that are known to contribute to the pathophysiology of ALS and could represent novel targets for gene replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giovannelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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3
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Berth SH, Rich DJ, Lloyd TE. The role of autophagic kinases in regulation of axonal function. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:996593. [PMID: 36226074 PMCID: PMC9548526 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.996593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential process for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Highlighting the importance of proper functioning of autophagy in neurons, disruption of autophagy is a common finding in neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, evidence has emerged for the role of autophagy in regulating critical axonal functions. In this review, we discuss kinase regulation of autophagy in neurons, and provide an overview of how autophagic kinases regulate axonal processes, including axonal transport and axonal degeneration and regeneration. We also examine mechanisms for disruption of this process leading to neurodegeneration, focusing on the role of TBK1 in pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
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Cozzi M, Ferrari V. Autophagy Dysfunction in ALS: from Transport to Protein Degradation. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1456-1481. [PMID: 35708843 PMCID: PMC9293831 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). Since the identification of the first ALS mutation in 1993, more than 40 genes have been associated with the disorder. The most frequent genetic causes of ALS are represented by mutated genes whose products challenge proteostasis, becoming unable to properly fold and consequently aggregating into inclusions that impose proteotoxic stress on affected cells. In this context, increasing evidence supports the central role played by autophagy dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of ALS. Indeed, in early stages of disease, high levels of proteins involved in autophagy are present in ALS MNs; but at the same time, with neurodegeneration progression, autophagy-mediated degradation decreases, often as a result of the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in affected cells. Autophagy is a complex multistep pathway that has a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several proteins are involved in its tight regulation, and importantly a relevant fraction of ALS-related genes encodes products that directly take part in autophagy, further underlining the relevance of this key protein degradation system in disease onset and progression. In this review, we report the most relevant findings concerning ALS genes whose products are involved in the several steps of the autophagic pathway, from phagophore formation to autophagosome maturation and transport and finally to substrate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Gondim FDAA, Fernandes JMA, Marques Júnior W. ALS due to a novel TBK1 mutation in Brazil. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022; 23:620-622. [PMID: 35118923 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2028169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene mutations cause ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We report a novel TBK1 mutation in a Brazilian patient with ALS. Symptoms started at age 44 (lower-limb onset). Despite treatment with riluzole, his condition progressed over 5 years to aphemia, dysphagia, gastrostomy and tracheostomy. A diagnostic test panel for neurodegenerative disorders disclosed a novel likely pathogenic heterozygous intronic mutation in the TBK1 gene: c.1189 + 1G > T (Splice donor), intron 9. This mutation is expected to disrupt RNA splicing and lead to loss of protein function. Disruption of this splice site has been observed in patients with TBK1-related disorders. Separate and additional C9ORFF72 testing was negative. To our knowledge, this is the second patient with a TBK1 mutation (novel splice donor intronic mutation) reported in Brazil, and the first to include a full description of the clinical course. Further studies are necessary to establish the frequency of TBK1 mutations in Brazilian ALS patients (and worldwide) and to evaluate the possible different clinical phenotypes and the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wilson Marques Júnior
- Departamento de Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Genetic architecture of motor neuron diseases. J Neurol Sci 2021; 434:120099. [PMID: 34965490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are rare and frequently fatal neurological disorders in which motor neurons within the brainstem and spinal cord regions slowly die. MNDs are primarily caused by genetic mutations, and > 100 different mutant genes in humans have been discovered thus far. Given the fact that many more MND-related genes have yet to be discovered, the growing body of genetic evidence has offered new insights into the diverse cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of MNDs. This search may aid in the selection of potential candidate genes for future investigation and, eventually, may open the door to novel interventions to slow down disease progression. In this review paper, we have summarized detailed existing research findings of different MNDs, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), spinal bulbar muscle atrophy (SBMA) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) in relation to their complex genetic architecture.
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7
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Abreha MH, Ojelade S, Dammer EB, McEachin ZT, Duong DM, Gearing M, Bassell GJ, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Shulman JM, Seyfried NT. TBK1 interacts with tau and enhances neurodegeneration in tauopathy. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100760. [PMID: 33965374 PMCID: PMC8191334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the defining pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Aberrant activation of kinases in AD has been suggested to enhance phosphorylation and toxicity of tau, making the responsible tau kinases attractive therapeutic targets. The full complement of tau-interacting kinases in AD brain and their activity in disease remains incompletely defined. Here, immunoaffinity enrichment coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) identified TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) as a tau-interacting partner in human AD cortical brain tissues. We validated this interaction in human AD, familial frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) caused by mutations in MAPT (R406W & P301L) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) postmortem brain tissues as well as human cell lines. Further, we document increased TBK1 activation in both AD and FTDP-17 and map TBK1 phosphorylation sites on tau based on in vitro kinase assays coupled to MS. Lastly, in a Drosophila tauopathy model, activating expression of a conserved TBK1 ortholog triggers tau hyperphosphorylation and enhanced neurodegeneration, whereas knockdown had the reciprocal effect, suppressing tau toxicity. Collectively, our findings suggest that increased TBK1 activation may promote tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal loss in AD and related tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Measho H Abreha
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shamsideen Ojelade
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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8
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Foster AD, Downing P, Figredo E, Polain N, Stott A, Layfield R, Rea SL. ALS-associated TBK1 variant p.G175S is defective in phosphorylation of p62 and impacts TBK1-mediated signalling and TDP-43 autophagic degradation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 108:103539. [PMID: 32835772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting SQSTM1 coding for p62 and TANK-Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) have been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). TBK1 is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates p62's activity as an autophagy receptor via phosphorylation and also has roles in neuroinflammatory signalling pathways. The mechanisms underlying ALS and FTLD pathogenesis as a result of TBK1 mutations are incompletely understood, however, loss of TBK1 function can lead to dysregulated autophagy and mitophagy. Here, we report that an ALS-associated TBK1 variant affecting the kinase domain, p.G175S, is defective in phosphorylation of p62 at Ser-403, a modification critical for regulating its ubiquitin-binding function, as well as downstream phosphorylation at Ser-349. Consistent with these findings, expression of p.G175S TBK1 was associated with decreased induction of autophagy compared to wild type and reduced degradation of the ALS-linked protein TDP-43. Expression of wild type TBK1 increased NF-κB signalling ~300 fold in comparison to empty vector cells, whereas p.G175S TBK1 was unable to promote NF-κB signalling above levels observed in empty vector transfected cells. We also noted a hitherto unknown role for TBK1 as a suppressor of oxidative stress (Nrf2) signalling and show that p.G175S TBK1 expressing cells lose this inhibitory function. Our data suggest that TBK1 ALS mutations may broadly impair p62-mediated cell signalling, which ultimately may reduce neuronal survival, in addition TDP-43 was not efficiently degraded, together these effects may contribute to TBK1 mutation associated ALS and FTLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Foster
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Health Research Building, Discovery Way, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - P Downing
- School of Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - E Figredo
- School of Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N Polain
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Health Research Building, Discovery Way, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - A Stott
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Layfield
- School of Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - S L Rea
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Health Research Building, Discovery Way, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
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9
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TBK1 variants in Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:149.e9-149.e15. [PMID: 32893041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TBK1 has been reported as a risk gene of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We screened TBK1 variants in 69 familial ALS patients and 608 sporadic ALS patients from mainland China. All 20 coding exons and the exon-intron flanking regions of TBK1 were amplified and sequenced using Sanger sequencing. In total, we identified eight missense variants and one suspicious splice site mutation. The patient with K291R had a family history of ALS. Other variants were detected in sALS patients. Interestingly, 2 patients with variants in TBK1 carried another variant in other genes related to autophagy: G175S in TBK1 and P392L in SQSTM1; and D534H in TBK1 and E372D in SQSTM1. We concluded that TBK1 variants account for approximately 1.3% of Chinese ALS patients. Screening for this gene in ALS patients is necessary, especially in the group with variants in other genes related to the autophagy pathway.
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10
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Lattante S, Doronzio PN, Marangi G, Conte A, Bisogni G, Bernardo D, Russo T, Lamberti D, Patrizi S, Apollo FP, Lunetta C, Scarlino S, Pozzi L, Zollino M, Riva N, Sabatelli M. Coexistence of variants in TBK1 and in other ALS-related genes elucidates an oligogenic model of pathogenesis in sporadic ALS. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:239.e9-239.e14. [PMID: 31000212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Variants in tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) are responsible for a significant proportion of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. In the present study, we analyzed variants in TBK1 extracted by targeted sequencing of 32 genes in a group of 406 Italian patients with ALS. We identified 7 different TBK1 variants in 7 sporadic cases, resulting in a frequency of 1.7%. Three patients had missense variants (p.R357Q, p.R358H, and p.R724C), one patient had a small deletion (p.E618del), and 3 had truncating variants (p.Y482*, p.R229*, and p.N681*). Notably, we found that 4 patients had an additional variant in ALS-related genes: 2 in OPTN and 2 in the 3'UTR region of FUS. By studying an independent group of 7 TBK1-mutated patients previously reported, we found another variant in the 3'UTR region of FUS in one patient. The presence of a second variant in TBK1 variant carriers is an interesting finding that needs to be investigated in larger cohorts of patients. These findings suggest that TBK1 belongs to the category of genes conferring a significantly increased risk but not sufficient to cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lattante
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Unità Operativa Complessa di Genetica Medica, Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Niccolò Doronzio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Unità Operativa Complessa di Genetica Medica, Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Unità Operativa Complessa di Genetica Medica, Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tommaso Russo
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Neurologia, Roma, Italy
| | - Dante Lamberti
- Unità di Oncogenomica ed Epigenetica, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Patrizi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Unità Operativa Complessa di Genetica Medica, Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Apollo
- Divisione di Neurologia, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Scarlino
- Divisione di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Neurologia, Istituto di Neurologia Sperimentale (INSPE), Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Pozzi
- Divisione di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Neurologia, Istituto di Neurologia Sperimentale (INSPE), Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Unità Operativa Complessa di Genetica Medica, Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Roma, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Divisione di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Neurologia, Istituto di Neurologia Sperimentale (INSPE), Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Centro Clinico NEMO, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento Scienze dell'invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Neurologia, Roma, Italy.
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11
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Van Mossevelde S, Engelborghs S, van der Zee J, Van Broeckhoven C. Genotype-phenotype links in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 14:363-378. [PMID: 29777184 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) represents a group of neurodegenerative brain diseases with highly heterogeneous clinical, neuropathological and genetic characteristics. This high degree of heterogeneity results from the presence of several different underlying molecular disease processes; consequently, it is unlikely that all patients with FTLD will benefit from a single therapy. Therapeutic strategies for FTLD are currently being explored, and tools are urgently needed that enable the selection of patients who are the most likely to benefit from a particular therapy. Definition of the phenotypic characteristics in patients with different FTLD subtypes that share the same underlying disease processes would assist in the stratification of patients into homogeneous groups. The most common subtype of FTLD is characterized by TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) pathology (FTLD-TDP). In this group, pathogenic mutations have been identified in four genes: C9orf72, GRN, TBK1 and VCP. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the phenotypic characteristics of patients with FTLD-TDP, highlighting shared features and differences among groups of patients who have a pathogenic mutation in one of these four genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Van Mossevelde
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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12
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Catanese A, Olde Heuvel F, Mulaw M, Demestre M, Higelin J, Barbi G, Freischmidt A, Weishaupt JH, Ludolph AC, Roselli F, Boeckers TM. Retinoic acid worsens ATG10-dependent autophagy impairment in TBK1-mutant hiPSC-derived motoneurons through SQSTM1/p62 accumulation. Autophagy 2019; 15:1719-1737. [PMID: 30939964 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1589257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the TBK1 (TANK binding kinase 1) gene are causally linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). TBK1 phosphorylates the cargo receptors OPTN and SQSTM1 regulating a critical step in macroautophagy/autophagy. Disruption of the autophagic flux leads to accumulation of cytosolic protein aggregates, which are a hallmark of ALS. hiPSC-derived TBK1-mutant motoneurons (MNs) showed reduced TBK1 levels and accumulation of cytosolic SQSTM1-positive aggresomes. By screening a library of nuclear-receptor-agonists for modifiers of the SQSTM1 aggregates, we identified 4-hydroxy(phenyl)retinamide (4HPR) as a potent modifier exerting detrimental effects on mutant-TBK1 motoneurons fitness exacerbating the autophagy overload. We have shown by TEM that TBK1-mutant motoneurons accumulate immature phagophores due a failure in the elongation phase, and 4HPR further worsens the burden of dysfunctional phagophores. 4HPR-increased toxicity was associated with the upregulation of SQSTM1 in a context of strongly reduced ATG10, while rescue of ATG10 levels abolished 4HPR toxicity. Finally, we showed that 4HPR leads to a downregulation of ATG10 and to an accumulation of SQSTM1+ aggresomes also in hiPSC-derived C9orf72-mutant motoneurons. Our data show that cultured human motoneurons harboring mutations in TBK1 gene display typical ALS features, like decreased viability and accumulation of cytosolic SQSTM1-positive aggresomes. The retinoid 4HPR appears a strong negative modifier of the fitness of TBK1 and C9orf72-mutant MNs, through a pathway converging on the mismatch of initiated autophagy and ATG10 levels. Thus, autophagy induction appears not to be a therapeutic strategy for ALS unless the specific underlying pathway alterations are properly addressed. Abbreviations: 4HPR: 4-hydroxy(phenyl)retinamide; AKT: AKT1 serine/threonine kinase 1; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ATG: autophagy related; AVs: autophagic vesicle; C9orf72: chromosome 9 open reading frame 72; CASP3: caspase 3; CHAT: choline O-acetyltransferase; CYCS: cytochrome c, somatic; DIV: day in vitro; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; FUS: FUS RNA binding protein; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hiPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MNs: motoneurons; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFE2L2/NRF2: nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; RARA: retinoic acid receptor alpha; SLC18A3/VACHT: solute carrier family 18 (vesicular acetylcholine transporter), member 3; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Catanese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University , Ulm , DE , Germany.,International Graduate School, Ulm University , Ulm , DE , Germany
| | | | - Medhanie Mulaw
- Institute of Experimental Tumor Research, Ulm University , Ulm , DE , Germany
| | - Maria Demestre
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University , Ulm , DE , Germany
| | - Julia Higelin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University , Ulm , DE , Germany.,International Graduate School, Ulm University , Ulm , DE , Germany
| | - Gotthold Barbi
- Institute for Human Genetics, Ulm University , Ulm , DE , Germany
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Roselli
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University , Ulm , DE , Germany.,Deptartment of Neurology, Ulm University , Ulm , DE , Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University , Ulm , DE , Germany
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13
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Yu H, Yu W, Luo SS, Yang YJ, Liu FT, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Sun YM, Wu JJ. Association of the TBK1 mutation p.Ile334Thr with frontotemporal dementia and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e547. [PMID: 30672142 PMCID: PMC6418353 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene has been regarded as a causative gene of frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) spectrum disease in recent years. So far, more than 70 TBK1 variants have been identified in patients with FTD-ALS spectrum. METHODS We reported a Chinese FTD patient carrying TBK1 p.Ile334Thr variant detected by target sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The patient's clinical materials were collected. The transcription and translation levels of TBK1 mutant were investigated in fibroblast by qPCR and western blot. The effects of TBK1 mutant in inflammation pathway and autophagy were detected by luciferase reporter assay and GST pull-down assay. RESULTS The patient was diagnosed as behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and displayed progressively severe cognitive impairment especially in executive function. A pattern of frontotemporal atrophy and hypometabolism was shown through MRI and PET-CT. In vitro functional experiments of TBK1 p.Ile334Thr variant demonstrated reduced transcription and translation levels, decreased kinase activity but maintenance of interaction with optineurin. The variant was classified as likely pathogenic according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guideline. CONCLUSION We proposed the TBK1 mutation p.Ile334Thr as a likely pathogenic variant in bvFTD which also expanded the clinical spectrum of this variant. It can partially abrogate TBK1 functions and be responsible for FTD-ALS spectrum diseases through neuroinflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Yu
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Shan Luo
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jie Yang
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Min Sun
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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14
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Hwang JY, Won JS, Nam H, Lee HW, Joo KM. Current advances in combining stem cell and gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2018.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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15
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Weil R, Laplantine E, Curic S, Génin P. Role of Optineurin in the Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Potential Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1243. [PMID: 29971063 PMCID: PMC6018216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optineurin (Optn) is a 577 aa protein encoded by the Optn gene. Mutations of Optn are associated with normal tension glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and its gene has also been linked to the development of Paget’s disease of bone and Crohn’s disease. Optn is involved in diverse cellular functions, including NF-κB regulation, membrane trafficking, exocytosis, vesicle transport, reorganization of actin and microtubules, cell cycle control, and autophagy. Besides its role in xenophagy and autophagy of aggregates, Optn has been identified as a primary autophagy receptor, among the five adaptors that translocate to mitochondria during mitophagy. Mitophagy is a selective macroautophagy process during which irreparable mitochondria are degraded, preventing accumulation of defective mitochondria and limiting the release of reactive oxygen species and proapoptotic factors. Mitochondrial quality control via mitophagy is central to the health of cells. One of the important surveillance pathways of mitochondrial health is the recently defined signal transduction pathway involving the mitochondrial PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) protein and the cytosolic RING-between-RING ubiquitin ligase Parkin. Both of these proteins, when mutated, have been identified in certain forms of Parkinson’s disease. By targeting ubiquitinated mitochondria to autophagosomes through its association with autophagy related proteins, Optn is responsible for a critical step in mitophagy. This review reports recent discoveries on the role of Optn in mitophagy and provides insight into its link with neurodegenerative diseases. We will also discuss the involvement of Optn in other pathologies in which mitophagy dysfunctions are involved including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weil
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Shannel Curic
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Génin
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
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16
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Nguyen HP, Van Broeckhoven C, van der Zee J. ALS Genes in the Genomic Era and their Implications for FTD. Trends Genet 2018; 34:404-423. [PMID: 29605155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, characterized genetically by a disproportionately large contribution of rare genetic variation. Driven by advances in massive parallel sequencing and applied on large patient-control cohorts, systematic identification of these rare variants that make up the genetic architecture of ALS became feasible. In this review paper, we present a comprehensive overview of recently proposed ALS genes that were identified based on rare genetic variants (TBK1, CHCHD10, TUBA4A, CCNF, MATR3, NEK1, C21orf2, ANXA11, TIA1) and their potential relevance to frontotemporal dementia genetic etiology. As more causal and risk genes are identified, it has become apparent that affected individuals can carry multiple disease-associated variants. In light of this observation, we discuss the oligogenic architecture of ALS. To end, we highlight emerging key molecular processes and opportunities for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Phuoc Nguyen
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), like other neurodegenerative diseases, remains incurable, but gene mutations linked to ALS are providing clues as to how to target therapies. It is important for researchers to keep abreast of the rapid influx of new data in ALS, and we aim to summarize the major genetic advances made in the field over the past 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS Significant variation in seven genes has recently been found in ALS: TBK1, CCNF, GLE1, MATR3, TUBA4A, CHCHD10 and NEK1. These have mostly been identified through large exome screening studies, though traditional linkage approaches and candidate gene screening remain important. We briefly update C9orf72 research, noting in particular the development of reagents to better understand the normal role of C9orf72 protein. SUMMARY Striking advances in our understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of ALS continue to be made, year on year. These implicate proteostasis, RNA export, nuclear transport, the cytoskeleton, mitochondrial function, the cell cycle and DNA repair. Functional studies to integrate these hits are needed. By building a web of knowledge with interlinked genes and mechanisms, it is hoped we can better understand ALS and work toward effective therapies.
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18
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Piaceri I, Bessi V, Matà S, Polito C, Tedde A, Berti V, Bagnoli S, Braccia A, Del Mastio M, Pignone AM, Pupi A, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. Association of the New Variant Tyr424Asp at TBK1 Gene with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 61:41-46. [PMID: 29103041 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new risk gene associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has recently been identified: the Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene. Up to now, 90 TBK1 variants have been described in ALS patients with or without frontotemporal dementia (FTD), thus making TBK1 the third or fourth most frequent genetic cause of ALS and FTD. A point mutation analysis in a cohort of 69 Italian ALS patients was performed in order to analyze the frequency of TBK1 mutations and the correlation with clinical phenotypes. The analysis identified the novel variant p.Tyr424Asp in a patient with a rapid progression of the disease. Our data supports the implication of TBK1 in ALS pathogenesis in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Neurology Unit of Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Matà
- Neurology Unit of Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Polito
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, "Mario Serio", Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Tedde
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Berti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, "Mario Serio", Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Arianna Braccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Pupi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, "Mario Serio", Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Neurology Unit of Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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19
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Wei QQ, Chen Y, Cao B, Ou RW, Zhang L, Hou Y, Gao X, Shang H. Blood hemoglobin A1c levels and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:69. [PMID: 28934974 PMCID: PMC5609007 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are inconsistences regarding the correlation between diabetes or fasting blood glucose concentrations and the risk and survival of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the previous studies. Moreover, the association between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, which reflect long-term glycemic status, and ALS survival was not examined. Methods A prospective cohort study including 450 Chinese sporadic ALS patients (254 men and 196 women; mean age: 55.4 y). We identified 223 deaths during average 1.6 years of follow-up. We assessed levels of fasting HbA1c (primary exposure) and glucose (secondary exposure) via ion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography and hexokinase/glucose-6-pgosphate dehydrogenase methods, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ALS mortality across the exposures. Results Our results indicated that, higher levels of HbA1c, but not fasting blood glucose concentrations, were significantly associated with higher risks of mortality. The adjusted HR was 1.40 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.02–1.99) for HbA1c of 5.7–6.4%, and 2.06 (95% CI: 1.07–3.96) for HbA1c ≥6.5%, relative to HbA1c <5.7% (P trend =0.01), after adjustment for age, smoking, obesity, disease severity, site of onset, lifestyle, and other potential confounders. The adjusted HR was 1.38 (95% CI: 0.81–2.35, P trend =0.13) for fasting glucose concentrations ≥7.0 mmol/L vs <5.6 mmol/L. We did not observe any significant interactions between HbA1c levels and age, sex, smoking, body mass index, rate of disease progression of ALS, and site of onset (P-interactions >0.05 for all). Conclusion In this prospective study, we observed that individuals with higher HbA1c levels at the baseline had higher risk of mortality, which is independent of other known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Wei
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ru Wei Ou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 109 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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20
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McCann EP, Williams KL, Fifita JA, Tarr IS, O'Connor J, Rowe DB, Nicholson GA, Blair IP. The genotype-phenotype landscape of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Australia. Clin Genet 2017; 92:259-266. [PMID: 28105640 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous fatal neurodegenerative disease. Around 10% of ALS cases are hereditary. ALS gene discoveries have provided most of our understanding of disease pathogenesis. We aimed to describe the genetic landscape of ALS in Australia by assessing 1013 Australian ALS patients for known ALS mutations by direct sequencing, whole exome sequencing or repeat primed polymerase chain reaction. Age of disease onset and disease duration were used for genotype-phenotype correlations. We report 60.8% of Australian ALS families in this cohort harbour a known ALS mutation. Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 accounted for 40.6% of families and 2.9% of sporadic patients. We also report ALS families with mutations in SOD1 (13.7%), FUS (2.4%), TARDBP (1.9%), UBQLN2 (.9%), OPTN (.5%), TBK1 (.5%) and CCNF (.5%). We present genotype-phenotype correlations between these genes as well as between gene mutations. Notably, C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion positive patients experienced significantly later disease onset than ALS mutation patients. Among SOD1 families, p.I114T positive patients had significantly later onset and longer survival. Our report highlights a unique spectrum of ALS gene frequencies among patients from the Australian population, and further, provides correlations between specific ALS mutations with disease onset and/or duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P McCann
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - K L Williams
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - J A Fifita
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - I S Tarr
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - J O'Connor
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - D B Rowe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - G A Nicholson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - I P Blair
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease predominantly affecting upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in progressive paralysis and death from respiratory failure within 2 to 3 years. The peak age of onset is 55 to 70 years, with a male predominance. The causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are only partly known, but they include some environmental risk factors as well as several genes that have been identified as harbouring disease-associated variation. Here we review the nature, epidemiology, genetic associations, and environmental exposures associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martin
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College, London, UK
| | - Ahmad Al Khleifat
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College, London, UK
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22
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Oakes JA, Davies MC, Collins MO. TBK1: a new player in ALS linking autophagy and neuroinflammation. Mol Brain 2017; 10:5. [PMID: 28148298 PMCID: PMC5288885 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons, resulting in progressive muscle weakness and death by respiratory failure. Protein and RNA aggregates are a hallmark of ALS pathology and are thought to contribute to ALS by impairing axonal transport. Mutations in several genes known to contribute to ALS result in deposition of their protein products as aggregates; these include TARDBP, C9ORF72, and SOD1. In motor neurons, this can disrupt transport of mitochondria to areas of metabolic need, resulting in damage to cells and can elicit a neuroinflammatory response leading to further neuronal damage. Recently, eight independent human genetics studies have uncovered a link between TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) mutations and ALS. TBK1 belongs to the IKK-kinase family of kinases that are involved in innate immunity signaling pathways; specifically, TBK1 is an inducer of type-1 interferons. TBK1 also has a major role in autophagy and mitophagy, chiefly the phosphorylation of autophagy adaptors. Several other ALS genes are also involved in autophagy, including p62 and OPTN. TBK1 is required for efficient cargo recruitment in autophagy; mutations in TBK1 may result in impaired autophagy and contribute to the accumulation of protein aggregates and ALS pathology. In this review, we focus on the role of TBK1 in autophagy and the contributions of this process to the pathophysiology of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Oakes
- School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Maria C Davies
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark O Collins
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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23
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van der Zee J, Gijselinck I, Van Mossevelde S, Perrone F, Dillen L, Heeman B, Bäumer V, Engelborghs S, De Bleecker J, Baets J, Gelpi E, Rojas-García R, Clarimón J, Lleó A, Diehl-Schmid J, Alexopoulos P, Perneczky R, Synofzik M, Just J, Schöls L, Graff C, Thonberg H, Borroni B, Padovani A, Jordanova A, Sarafov S, Tournev I, de Mendonça A, Miltenberger-Miltényi G, Simões do Couto F, Ramirez A, Jessen F, Heneka MT, Gómez-Tortosa E, Danek A, Cras P, Vandenberghe R, De Jonghe P, De Deyn PP, Sleegers K, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Goeman J, Nuytten D, Smets K, Robberecht W, Damme PV, Bleecker JD, Santens P, Dermaut B, Versijpt J, Michotte A, Ivanoiu A, Deryck O, Bergmans B, Delbeck J, Bruyland M, Willems C, Salmon E, Pastor P, Ortega-Cubero S, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Binetti G, Hernández I, Boada M, Ruiz A, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Bagnoli S, Sorbi S, Sanchez-Valle R, Llado A, Santana I, Rosário Almeida M, Frisoni GB, Maetzler W, Matej R, Fraidakis MJ, Kovacs GG, Fabrizi GM, Testi S. TBK1 Mutation Spectrum in an Extended European Patient Cohort with Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:297-309. [PMID: 28008748 PMCID: PMC5324646 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mutation spectrum of the TANK‐Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) gene and its associated phenotypic spectrum by exonic resequencing of TBK1 in a cohort of 2,538 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or FTD plus ALS, ascertained within the European Early‐Onset Dementia Consortium. We assessed pathogenicity of predicted protein‐truncating mutations by measuring loss of RNA expression. Functional effect of in‐frame amino acid deletions and missense mutations was further explored in vivo on protein level and in vitro by an NFκB‐induced luciferase reporter assay and measuring phosphorylated TBK1. The protein‐truncating mutations led to the loss of transcript through nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. For the in‐frame amino acid deletions, we demonstrated loss of TBK1 or phosphorylated TBK1 protein. An important fraction of the missense mutations compromised NFκB activation indicating that at least some functions of TBK1 are lost. Although missense mutations were also present in controls, over three times more mutations affecting TBK1 functioning were found in the mutation fraction observed in patients only, suggesting high‐risk alleles (P = 0.03). Total mutation frequency for confirmed TBK1 LoF mutations in the European cohort was 0.7%, with frequencies in the clinical subgroups of 0.4% in FTD, 1.3% in ALS, and 3.6% in FTD‐ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie van der Zee
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilse Gijselinck
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Federica Perrone
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lubina Dillen
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bavo Heeman
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle Bäumer
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc - Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rojas-García
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.,West London Cognitive Disorders Treatment and Research Unit, West London Mental Health Trust, London, TW8 8DS, UK
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Just
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Thonberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Albena Jordanova
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stayko Sarafov
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandre de Mendonça
- Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Miltenberger-Miltényi
- Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Simões do Couto
- Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Clinical Neuroscience Unit, Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Cras
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Goeman
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp
| | - Dirk Nuytten
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp
| | - Katrien Smets
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg, Leuven
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg, Leuven
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Ghent, Ghent
| | - Patrick Santens
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Ghent, Ghent
| | - Bart Dermaut
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Ghent, Ghent
| | - Jan Versijpt
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Brussels, Brussels
| | - Alex Michotte
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Brussels, Brussels
| | - Adrian Ivanoiu
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Saint-Luc University Hospital, Brussels
| | - Olivier Deryck
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge, Bruges
| | - Bruno Bergmans
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge, Bruges
| | - Jean Delbeck
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,General Hospital Sint-Maria, Halle
| | - Marc Bruyland
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,General Hospital Glorieux Ronse
| | - Christiana Willems
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Jessa Hospital, Hasselt
| | - Eric Salmon
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Liège and Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, Liège
| | - Pau Pastor
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa and Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,CIBERNED Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Deparment of Neurology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia, Spain
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,MAC Memory Center and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi Scandicci, Florence, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Llado
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Santana
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève et Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland and IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Radoslav Matej
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Thomayer Hospital, Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew J Fraidakis
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,NeuroRARE Centre for Rare and Genetic Neurological & Neuromuscular Diseases & Neurogenetics Athens, Greece
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gian Maria Fabrizi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Testi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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24
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Black HA, Leighton DJ, Cleary EM, Rose E, Stephenson L, Colville S, Ross D, Warner J, Porteous M, Gorrie GH, Swingler R, Goldstein D, Harms MB, Connick P, Pal S, Aitman TJ, Chandran S. Genetic epidemiology of motor neuron disease-associated variants in the Scottish population. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 51:178.e11-178.e20. [PMID: 28089114 PMCID: PMC5302213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Genetic understanding of motor neuron disease (MND) has evolved greatly in the past 10 years, including the recent identification of association between MND and variants in TBK1 and NEK1. Our aim was to determine the frequency of pathogenic variants in known MND genes and to assess whether variants in TBK1 and NEK1 contribute to the burden of MND in the Scottish population. SOD1, TARDBP, OPTN, TBK1, and NEK1 were sequenced in 441 cases and 400 controls. In addition to 44 cases known to carry a C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion, we identified 31 cases and 2 controls that carried a loss-of-function or pathogenic variant. Loss-of-function variants were found in TBK1 in 3 cases and no controls and, separately, in NEK1 in 3 cases and no controls. This study provides an accurate description of the genetic epidemiology of MND in Scotland and provides support for the contribution of both TBK1 and NEK1 to MND susceptibility in the Scottish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Black
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danielle J Leighton
- The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elaine M Cleary
- The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; South East Scotland Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elaine Rose
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laura Stephenson
- The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuna Colville
- The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Ross
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jon Warner
- South East Scotland Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mary Porteous
- South East Scotland Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George H Gorrie
- The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Swingler
- The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Matthew B Harms
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Peter Connick
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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25
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Sabatelli M, Marangi G, Conte A, Tasca G, Zollino M, Lattante S. New ALS-Related Genes Expand the Spectrum Paradigm of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2016; 26:266-75. [PMID: 26780671 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Clinical heterogeneity is a well-recognized feature of the disease as age of onset, site of onset and the duration of the disease can vary greatly among patients. A number of genes have been identified and associated to familial and sporadic forms of ALS but the majority of cases remains still unexplained. Recent breakthrough discoveries have demonstrated that clinical manifestations associated with ALS-related genes are not circumscribed to motor neurons involvement. In this view, ALS appears to be linked to different conditions over a continuum or spectrum in which overlapping phenotypes may be identified. In this review, we aim to examine the increasing number of spectra, including ALS/Frontotemporal Dementia and ALS/Myopathies spectra. Considering all these neurodegenerative disorders as different phenotypes of the same spectrum can help to identify common pathological pathways and consequently new therapeutic targets in these incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sabatelli
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Clinic Center NEMO-Roma. Institute of Neurology
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Amelia Conte
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Clinic Center NEMO-Roma. Institute of Neurology
| | | | - Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Lattante
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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26
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disorder that is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. Most cases appear to be sporadic, but 5-10 % of cases have a family history of the disease. High-throughput DNA sequencing and related genomic capture tools are methodological advances which have rapidly contributed to an acceleration in the discovery of genetic risk factors for both familial and sporadic ALS. It is interesting to note that as the number of ALS genes grows, many of the proteins they encode are in shared intracellular processes. This review will summarize some of the recent advances and gene discovery made in ALS.
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27
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Götzl JK, Lang CM, Haass C, Capell A. Impaired protein degradation in FTLD and related disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:122-139. [PMID: 27166223 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired protein degradation has been discussed as a cause or consequence of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. More recently, evidence accumulated that dysfunctional protein degradation may play a role in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since in almost all neurodegenerative diseases, protein aggregates are disease-defining hallmarks, it is most likely that impaired protein degradation contributes to disease onset and progression. In the majority of FTD cases, the pathological protein aggregates contain either microtubuleassociated protein tau or TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP)-43. Aggregates are also positive for ubiquitin and p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) indicating that these aggregates are targeted for degradation. FTD-linked mutations in genes encoding three autophagy adaptor proteins, p62/SQSTM1, ubiquilin 2 and optineurin, indicate that impaired autophagy might cause FTD. Furthermore, the strongest evidence for lysosomal impairment in FTD is provided by the progranulin (GRN) gene, which is linked to FTD and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. In this review, we summarize the observations that have been made during the last years linking the accumulation of disease-associated proteins in FTD to impaired protein degradation pathways. In addition, we take resent findings for nucleocytoplasmic transport defects of TDP-43, as discussed for hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 into account and provide a hypothesis how the interplay of altered nuclear transport and protein degradation leads to the accumulation of protein deposits.
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28
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Kim YE, Oh KW, Noh MY, Nahm M, Park J, Lim SM, Jang JH, Cho EH, Ki CS, Lee S, Kim SH. Genetic and functional analysis of TBK1 variants in Korean patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 50:170.e1-170.e6. [PMID: 27939697 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene has recently been identified as a novel causative gene of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aims to determine the frequency and spectrum of TBK1 variants and their functional implications in Korean patients with sporadic ALS (sALS). TBK1 sequences were analyzed in 129 consecutive patients with sALS using either multigene panel or exome sequencing. One frameshift (c.1414delA) and 3 missense variants of uncertain significance in TBK1 were found in 4 patients each. In vitro functional studies revealed that the c.1414delA (p.Ile472Serfs*8) variant was associated with reduced mRNA expression of TBK1. Moreover, protein expression of this variant in patient-derived fibroblasts disrupted binding to autophagy adapter proteins and inhibited the function of TBK1 in HEK293T cells. In contrast, the 3 other missense variants of uncertain significance showed normal mRNA expression and no abnormalities in protein function. Based on these findings, the frequency of pathogenic TBK1 variants in Korean sALS patients was estimated to be 0.8% (1/129). In conclusion, pathogenic variants in TBK1 are rare but could be responsible for sALS in a small number of Korean patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeop Nahm
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Lim
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun-Hae Cho
- Green Cross Genome, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Fifita JA, Williams KL, Sundaramoorthy V, Mccann EP, Nicholson GA, Atkin JD, Blair IP. A novel amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mutation in OPTN induces ER stress and Golgi fragmentation in vitro. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2016; 18:126-133. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2016.1218517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Fifita
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Kelly L. Williams
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Vinod Sundaramoorthy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Emily P. Mccann
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Garth A. Nicholson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia, and
| | - Julie D. Atkin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian P. Blair
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
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30
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Zufiría M, Gil-Bea FJ, Fernández-Torrón R, Poza JJ, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Rojas-García R, Riancho J, López de Munain A. ALS: A bucket of genes, environment, metabolism and unknown ingredients. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:104-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Blasco H, Vourc'h P, Pradat PF, Gordon PH, Andres CR, Corcia P. Further development of biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:853-68. [PMID: 27275785 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1199277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an idiopathic neurodegenerative disease usually fatal in less than three years. Even if standard guidelines are available to diagnose ALS, the mean diagnosis delay is more than one year. In this context, biomarker discovery is a priority. Research has to focus on new diagnostic tools, based on combined explorations. AREAS COVERED In this review, we specifically focus on biology and imaging markers. We detail the innovative field of 'omics' approach and imaging and explain their limits to be useful in routine practice. We describe the most relevant biomarkers and suggest some perspectives for biomarker research. Expert commentary: The successive failures of clinical trials in ALS underline the need for new strategy based on innovative tools to stratify patients and to evaluate their responses to treatment. Biomarker data may be useful to improve the designs of clinical trials. Biomarkers are also needed to better investigate disease pathophysiology, to identify new therapeutic targets, and to improve the performance of clinical assessments for diagnosis and prognosis in the clinical setting. A consensus on the best management of neuroimaging and 'omics' methods is necessary and a systematic independent validation of findings may add robustness to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blasco
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
| | - P Vourc'h
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
| | - P F Pradat
- c Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Hôpital de la Salpêtrière , Paris , France.,d Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM , Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale , Paris , France
| | - P H Gordon
- e Neurology Unit, Northern Navajo Medical Center , Shiprock , NM , USA
| | - C R Andres
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
| | - P Corcia
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France.,f Centre SLA , Service de Neurologie et Neurophysiologie Clinique, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
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Ahmad L, Zhang SY, Casanova JL, Sancho-Shimizu V. Human TBK1: A Gatekeeper of Neuroinflammation. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:511-527. [PMID: 27211305 PMCID: PMC4890605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of TANK binding kinase-1 (TBK1), a multimeric kinase that modulates inflammation and autophagy, in human health has been highlighted for the first time by the recent discoveries of mutations in TBK1 that underlie amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), normal tension glaucoma (NTG) or childhood herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). Gain-of-function of TBK1 are associated with NTG, whereas loss-of-function mutations result in ALS/FTD or in HSE. In light of these new findings, we review the role of TBK1 in these seemingly unrelated, yet allelic diseases, and discuss the role of TBK1 in neuroinflammatory diseases. This discovery has the potential to significantly increase our understanding of the molecular basis of these poorly understood diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyana Ahmad
- Department of Virology, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1 PG, UK
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; University of Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; University of Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA; Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Department of Virology, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1 PG, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1 PG, UK.
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