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Ourry V, Rehel S, André C, Mary A, Paly L, Delarue M, Requier F, Hendy A, Collette F, Marchant NL, Felisatti F, Palix C, Vivien D, de la Sayette V, Chételat G, Gonneaud J, Rauchs G. Effect of cognitive reserve on the association between slow wave sleep and cognition in community-dwelling older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9275-9292. [PMID: 37770186 PMCID: PMC10564409 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep, especially slow wave sleep (SWS), is essential for cognitive functioning and is reduced in aging. The impact of sleep quality on cognition is variable, especially in aging. Cognitive reserve (CR) may be an important modulator of these effects. We aimed at investigating this question to better identify individuals in whom sleep disturbances might have greater behavioral consequences. Polysomnography and neuropsychological assessments were performed in 135 cognitively intact older adults (mean age ± SD: 69.4 ± 3.8y) from the Age-Well randomized controlled trial (baseline data). Two measures of cognitive engagement throughout life were used as CR proxies. Linear regression analyses were performed between the proportion of SWS, and executive function and episodic memory composite scores. Then, interaction analyses between SWS and CR proxies on cognition were conducted to assess the possible impact of CR on these links. SWS was positively associated with episodic memory, but not with executive function. CR proxies modulated the associations between SWS and both executive and episodic memory performance. Specifically, individuals with higher CR were able to maintain cognitive performance despite low amounts of SWS. This study provides the first evidence that CR may protect against the deleterious effects of age-related sleep changes on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ourry
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Rehel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Claire André
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Alison Mary
- Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Research Group (UR2NF), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Léo Paly
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Marion Delarue
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Florence Requier
- University of Liege, GIGA CRC Vivo Imaging, Liege, Belgium
- University of Liege, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition, Liege, Belgium
| | - Anne Hendy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabienne Collette
- University of Liege, GIGA CRC Vivo Imaging, Liege, Belgium
- University of Liege, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Francesca Felisatti
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Cassandre Palix
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
- Département de Recherche Clinique, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
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Sabayan B, Doyle S, Rost NS, Sorond FA, Lakshminarayan K, Launer LJ. The role of population-level preventive care for brain health in ageing. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e274-e283. [PMID: 37201543 PMCID: PMC10339354 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, a worldwide demographic transition has led to an increasing number of older adults with chronic neurological conditions. These conditions, which have a profound effect on the cognitive function and physical ability of older adults, also have a long preclinical phase. This feature provides a unique opportunity to implement preventive measures for high-risk groups and the population as a whole, and therefore to reduce the burden of neurological diseases. The concept of brain health has emerged as the overarching theme to define overall brain function independently of underlying pathophysiological processes. We review the concept of brain health from the ageing and preventive care perspectives, discuss the mechanisms underpinning ageing and brain ageing, highlight the interplay of various forces resulting in deviation from brain health towards brain disease, and provide an overview of strategies to promote brain health with a life-course approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Sabayan
- Department of Neurology, HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, St Paul, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Sara Doyle
- Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Natalia S Rost
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Tjoelker FM, Jeuring HW, Aprahamian I, Naarding P, Marijnissen RM, Hendriks GJ, Rhebergen D, Lugtenburg A, Lammers MW, van den Brink RHS, Oude Voshaar RC. The impact of a history of child abuse on cognitive performance: a cross-sectional study in older patients with a depressive, anxiety, or somatic symptom disorder. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:377. [PMID: 35484493 PMCID: PMC9052677 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse is a major global burden with an enduring negative impact on mental and physical health. A history of child abuse is consistently associated with worse cognitive performance among adults; data in older age groups are inconclusive. Since affective symptoms and cognitive functioning are interrelated among older persons, a synergistic effect can be assumed in patients with affective symptoms who also have suffered from child abuse. This study examines the association between a history of child abuse and cognitive performance in such patients. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from the 'Routine Outcome Monitoring for Geriatric Psychiatry & Science' project, including 179 older adults (age 60-88 years) with either a unipolar depressive, any anxiety, or somatic symptom disorder referred to specialized geriatric mental health care. A history of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, and emotional neglect was assessed with a structured interview. Cognitive functioning was measured with three paper and pencils tests (10-words verbal memory test, Stroop Colour-Word test, Digit Span) and four tests from the computerized Cogstate Test Battery (Detection Test, Identification Test, One Card Learning Test, One Back Test). The association between a history of child abuse and cognitive performance was examined by multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Principal component analyses of nine cognitive parameters revealed four cognitive domains, i.e., visual-verbal memory, psychomotor speed, working memory and interference control. A history of child abuse was not associated with any of these cognitive domains. However, when looking at the specific types of child abuse separately, a history of physical abuse and emotional neglect were associated with poorer interference control. A history of physical abuse was additionally associated with better visual-verbal memory. CONCLUSIONS The association between a history of child abuse and cognitive performance differs between the different types of abuse. A history of physical abuse might particularly be a key determinant of cognitive performance in older adults with a depressive, anxiety, or somatic symptom disorder. Future studies on the impact of these disorders on the onset of dementia should take child abuse into account. TRIAL REGISTRATION ROM-GPS is registered at the Dutch Trial Register ( NL6704 at www.trialregister.nl ).
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Tjoelker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center (RGOc), PO Box 30.001, 9700 HB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H W Jeuring
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center (RGOc), PO Box 30.001, 9700 HB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Aprahamian
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center (RGOc), PO Box 30.001, 9700 HB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Group of Investigation on Multimorbidity and Mental Health in Aging (GIMMA), Geriatrics Division, Internal Medicine Department, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - P Naarding
- GGNet Mental Health, Division of Old Age Psychiatry, Warnsveld & Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - R M Marijnissen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center (RGOc), PO Box 30.001, 9700 HB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G J Hendriks
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University & Pro Persona Institute for Integrated Mental Health Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D Rhebergen
- Mental Health Center GGZ Centraal, Ermelo, The Netherlands & Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Lugtenburg
- Mental Health Center GGZ Drenthe, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - M W Lammers
- Mediant Mental Health Center, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R H S van den Brink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center (RGOc), PO Box 30.001, 9700 HB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R C Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center (RGOc), PO Box 30.001, 9700 HB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Ciampa CJ, Parent JH, Lapoint MR, Swinnerton KN, Taylor MM, Tennant VR, Whitman AJ, Jagust WJ, Berry AS. Elevated Dopamine Synthesis as a Mechanism of Cognitive Resilience in Aging. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2762-2772. [PMID: 34718454 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with declines in multiple components of the dopamine system including loss of dopamine-producing neurons, atrophy of the dopamine system's cortical targets, and reductions in the density of dopamine receptors. Countering these patterns, dopamine synthesis appears to be stable or elevated in older age. We tested the hypothesis that elevation in dopamine synthesis in aging reflects a compensatory response to neuronal loss rather than a nonspecific monotonic shift in older age. We measured individual differences in striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in cognitively normal older adults using [18F]Fluoro-l-m-tyrosine positron emission tomography cross-sectionally and tested relationships with longitudinal reductions in cortical thickness and working memory decline beginning up to 13 years earlier. Consistent with a compensation account, older adults with the highest dopamine synthesis capacity were those with greatest atrophy in posterior parietal cortex. Elevated dopamine synthesis capacity was not associated with successful maintenance of working memory performance overall, but had a moderating effect such that higher levels of dopamine synthesis capacity reduced the impact of atrophy on cognitive decline. Together, these findings support a model by which upregulation of dopamine synthesis represents a mechanism of cognitive resilience in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Ciampa
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Jourdan H Parent
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Molly R Lapoint
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kaitlin N Swinnerton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Morgan M Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Victoria R Tennant
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A J Whitman
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anne S Berry
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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5
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Bocancea DI, van Loenhoud AC, Groot C, Barkhof F, van der Flier WM, Ossenkoppele R. Measuring Resilience and Resistance in Aging and Alzheimer Disease Using Residual Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology 2021; 97:474-488. [PMID: 34266918 PMCID: PMC8448552 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There is a lack of consensus on how to optimally define and measure resistance and resilience in brain and cognitive aging. Residual methods use residuals from regression analysis to quantify the capacity to avoid (resistance) or cope (resilience) "better or worse than expected" given a certain level of risk or cerebral damage. We reviewed the rapidly growing literature on residual methods in the context of aging and Alzheimer disease (AD) and performed meta-analyses to investigate associations of residual method-based resilience and resistance measures with longitudinal cognitive and clinical outcomes. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science databases (consulted until March 2020) and subsequent screening led to 54 studies fulfilling eligibility criteria, including 10 studies suitable for the meta-analyses. RESULTS We identified articles using residual methods aimed at quantifying resistance (n = 33), cognitive resilience (n = 23), and brain resilience (n = 2). Critical examination of the literature revealed that there is considerable methodologic variability in how the residual measures were derived and validated. Despite methodologic differences across studies, meta-analytic assessments showed significant associations of levels of resistance (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.12 [1.07-1.17]; p < 0.0001) and levels of resilience (HR [95% CI] 0.46 [0.32-0.68]; p < 0.001) with risk of progression to dementia/AD. Resilience was also associated with rate of cognitive decline (β [95% CI] 0.05 [0.01-0.08]; p < 0.01). DISCUSSION This review and meta-analysis supports the usefulness of residual methods as appropriate measures of resilience and resistance, as they capture clinically meaningful information in aging and AD. More rigorous methodologic standardization is needed to increase comparability across studies and, ultimately, application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I Bocancea
- From the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience (D.I.B., A.C.v.L., C.G., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering (F.B.), University College London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Anna C van Loenhoud
- From the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience (D.I.B., A.C.v.L., C.G., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering (F.B.), University College London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Colin Groot
- From the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience (D.I.B., A.C.v.L., C.G., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering (F.B.), University College London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- From the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience (D.I.B., A.C.v.L., C.G., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering (F.B.), University College London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- From the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience (D.I.B., A.C.v.L., C.G., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering (F.B.), University College London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- From the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience (D.I.B., A.C.v.L., C.G., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering (F.B.), University College London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Sweden
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Arida RM, Teixeira-Machado L. The Contribution of Physical Exercise to Brain Resilience. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:626769. [PMID: 33584215 PMCID: PMC7874196 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.626769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been given to understanding resilience to brain diseases, often described as brain or cognitive reserve. Among the protective factors for the development of resilience, physical activity/exercise has been considered to play an important role. Exercise is known to induce many positive effects on the brain. As such, exercise represents an important tool to influence neurodevelopment and shape the adult brain to react to life's challenges. Among many beneficial effects, exercise intervention has been associated with cognitive improvement and stress resilience in humans and animal models. Thus, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that exercise not only recovers or minimizes cognitive deficits by inducing better neuroplasticity and cognitive reserve but also counteracts brain pathology. This is evidenced before disease onset or after it has been established. In this review, we aimed to present encouraging data from current clinical and pre-clinical neuroscience research and discuss the possible biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise on resilience. We consider the implication of physical exercise for resilience from brain development to aging and for some neurological diseases. Overall, the literature indicates that brain/cognitive reserve built up by regular exercise in several stages of life, prepares the brain to be more resilient to cognitive impairment and consequently to brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Castanho TC, Santos NC, Meleiro-Neves C, Neto S, Moura GR, Santos MA, Cruz AR, Cunha O, Castro Rodrigues A, Rodrigues AJ, Sousa N. Association of positive and negative life events with cognitive performance and psychological status in late life: A cross-sectional study in Northern Portugal. AGING BRAIN 2021; 1:100020. [PMID: 36911520 PMCID: PMC9997151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2021.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Life events have important effects on psychological well-being. Yet, studies have mainly focused on exploring the impact of traumatic and negative experiences on health and well-being, with positive events receiving marginal attention. In this study, we investigated the association between negative and positive life events, cognitive performance and psychological status in older individuals. Method A cross-sectional approach with a sample of 97 community-dwelling adults, recruited from a network of 23 centres/institutions in Northern Portugal, and aged between 56 and 85 years, was conducted. All participants were evaluated through a battery of tests assessing for depressive mood, perceived stress, and cognitive functioning. Life events were measured using the Lifetime Experiences Scale (LIFES) which covers 75 life experiences organized in eight domains. Results A total of 95.9% of the participants reported more positive life events than negative throughout life. Participants reporting more positive experiences had lower scores in the depressive mood and perceived stress measures. At the domain-level of LIFES scale, more negative experiences in the Work and Health domains were associated with a depressed mood and more perceived stress. Significant positive associations were found between positive life experiences and most cognitive measures, after controlling for sex, education, age and depressive symptoms. Namely, more positive experiences at School, Leisure, and Living conditions were positively associated with better performance across cognitive tests. Discussion This study adds important evidence on the association between of life events, both negative and positive experiences, on cognition and psychological well-being, providing a more balanced view of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre (ACMP5), Braga, Portugal
| | - N C Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre (ACMP5), Braga, Portugal
| | - C Meleiro-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal
| | - S Neto
- Genome Medicine laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - G R Moura
- Genome Medicine laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M A Santos
- Genome Medicine laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A R Cruz
- School of Psychology, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Lusófona University HEI-Lab, Porto, Portugal
| | - O Cunha
- School of Psychology, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Lusófona University HEI-Lab, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Castro Rodrigues
- School of Psychology, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,ISPA, William James Center for Research, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A J Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga (2CA-B), Braga, Portugal
| | - N Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre (ACMP5), Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga (2CA-B), Braga, Portugal
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8
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Dunn AR, Hadad N, Neuner SM, Zhang JG, Philip VM, Dumitrescu L, Hohman TJ, Herskowitz JH, O’Connell KMS, Kaczorowski CC. Identifying Mechanisms of Normal Cognitive Aging Using a Novel Mouse Genetic Reference Panel. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:562662. [PMID: 33042997 PMCID: PMC7517308 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.562662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing strategies to maintain cognitive health is critical to quality of life during aging. The basis of healthy cognitive aging is poorly understood; thus, it is difficult to predict who will have normal cognition later in life. Individuals may have higher baseline functioning (cognitive reserve) and others may maintain or even improve with age (cognitive resilience). Understanding the mechanisms underlying cognitive reserve and resilience may hold the key to new therapeutic strategies for maintaining cognitive health. However, reserve and resilience have been inconsistently defined in human studies. Additionally, our understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of these phenomena is poor, compounded by a lack of longitudinal molecular and cognitive data that fully capture the dynamic trajectories of cognitive aging. Here, we used a genetically diverse mouse population (B6-BXDs) to characterize individual differences in cognitive abilities in adulthood and investigate evidence of cognitive reserve and/or resilience in middle-aged mice. We tested cognitive function at two ages (6 months and 14 months) using y-maze and contextual fear conditioning. We observed heritable variation in performance on these traits (h 2 RIx̄ = 0.51-0.74), suggesting moderate to strong genetic control depending on the cognitive domain. Due to the polygenetic nature of cognitive function, we did not find QTLs significantly associated with y-maze, contextual fear acquisition (CFA) or memory, or decline in cognitive function at the genome-wide level. To more precisely interrogate the molecular regulation of variation in these traits, we employed RNA-seq and identified gene networks related to transcription/translation, cellular metabolism, and neuronal function that were associated with working memory, contextual fear memory, and cognitive decline. Using this method, we nominate the Trio gene as a modulator of working memory ability. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework for identifying strains exhibiting cognitive reserve and/or resilience to assess whether these traits can be observed in middle-aged B6-BXDs. Though we found that earlier cognitive reserve evident early in life protects against cognitive impairment later in life, cognitive performance and age-related decline fell along a continuum, with no clear genotypes emerging as exemplars of exceptional reserve or resilience - leading to recommendations for future use of aging mouse populations to understand the nature of cognitive reserve and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Niran Hadad
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Sarah M. Neuner
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jeremy H. Herskowitz
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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A Unique Mouse Model of Early Life Exercise Enables Hippocampal Memory and Synaptic Plasticity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9174. [PMID: 32513972 PMCID: PMC7280304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a powerful modulator of learning and memory. Mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of exercise are well documented in adult rodents. Exercise studies targeting postnatal periods of hippocampal maturation (specifically targeting periods of synaptic reorganization and plasticity) are lacking. We characterize a model of early-life exercise (ELE) in male and female mice designed with the goal of identifying critical periods by which exercise may have a lasting impact on hippocampal memory and synaptic plasticity. Mice freely accessed a running wheel during three postnatal periods: the 4th postnatal week (juvenile ELE, P21–27), 6th postnatal week (adolescent ELE, P35–41), or 4th-6th postnatal weeks (juvenile-adolescent ELE, P21–41). All exercise groups increased their running distances during ELE. When exposed to a subthreshold learning stimulus, juv ELE and juv-adol ELE formed lasting long-term memory for an object location memory task, whereas sedentary and adol ELE mice did not. Electrophysiological experiments revealed enhanced long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 in the juvenile-adolescent ELE group. I/O curves were also significantly modulated in all mice that underwent ELE. Our results suggest that early-life exercise, specifically during the 4th postnatal week, can enable hippocampal memory, synaptic plasticity, and alter hippocampal excitability when occurring during postnatal periods of hippocampal maturation.
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