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Hori Y, Iwaoki H, Mimura K, Nagai Y, Higuchi M, Minamimoto T. Effects of a 5-HT 4 receptor antagonist in the caudate nucleus on the performance of macaques in a delayed reward task. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19619. [PMID: 39179718 PMCID: PMC11344137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal discounting, in which the recipient of a reward perceives the value of that reward to decrease with delay in its receipt, is associated with impulsivity and psychiatric disorders such as depression. Here, we investigate the role of the serotonin 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) in modulating temporal discounting in the macaque dorsal caudate nucleus (dCDh), the neurons of which have been shown to represent temporally discounted value. We first mapped the 5-HT4R distribution in macaque brains using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and confirmed dense expression of 5-HT4R in the dCDh. We then examined the effects of a specific 5-HT4R antagonist infused into the dCDh. Blockade of 5-HT4R significantly increased error rates in a goal-directed delayed reward task, indicating an increase in the rate of temporal discounting. This increase was specific to the 5-HT4R blockade because saline controls showed no such effect. The results demonstrate that 5-HT4Rs in the dCDh are involved in reward-evaluation processes, particularly in the context of delay discounting, and suggest that serotonergic transmission via 5-HT4R may be a key component in the neural mechanisms underlying impulsive decisions, potentially contributing to depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Hori
- Advanced Neuroimaging Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Iwaoki
- Advanced Neuroimaging Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Koki Mimura
- Advanced Neuroimaging Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagai
- Advanced Neuroimaging Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Advanced Neuroimaging Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- Advanced Neuroimaging Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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2
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Bruzzone SEP, Ozenne B, Fisher PM, Ortega G, Jensen PS, Dam VH, Svarer C, Knudsen GM, Lesch KP, Frokjaer VG. No association between peripheral serotonin-gene-related DNA methylation and brain serotonin neurotransmission in the healthy and depressed state. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:71. [PMID: 38802956 PMCID: PMC11131311 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylation of serotonin-related genes has been proposed as a plausible gene-by-environment link which may mediate environmental stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms. DNA methylation is often measured in blood cells, but little is known about the association between this peripheral epigenetic modification and brain serotonergic architecture. Here, we evaluated the association between whole-blood-derived methylation of four CpG sites in the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and six CpG sites of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene and in-vivo brain levels of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4) in a cohort of healthy individuals (N = 254) and, for 5-HT4, in a cohort of unmedicated patients with depression (N = 90). To do so, we quantified SLC6A4/TPH2 methylation using bisulfite pyrosequencing and estimated brain 5-HT4 and 5-HTT levels using positron emission tomography. In addition, we explored the association between SLC6A4 and TPH2 methylation and measures of early life and recent stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms on 297 healthy individuals. RESULTS We found no statistically significant association between peripheral DNA methylation and brain markers of serotonergic neurotransmission in patients with depression or in healthy individuals. In addition, although SLC6A4 CpG2 (chr17:30,236,083) methylation was marginally associated with the parental bonding inventory overprotection score in the healthy cohort, statistical significance did not remain after accounting for blood cell heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that findings on peripheral DNA methylation in the context of brain serotonin-related features should be interpreted with caution. More studies are needed to rule out a role of SLC6A4 and TPH2 methylation as biomarkers for environmental stress, depressive or anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E P Bruzzone
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Ortega
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P S Jensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V H Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K P Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - V G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Frederiksberg, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.
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3
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Dam VH, Andersen SH, Pedersen ST, Stenbæk DS, Frokjaer VG. Serotonin 4 receptor brain binding and oxytocin-promoted affective and social cognition in healthy women - A randomized controlled trial. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2024; 17:100224. [PMID: 38288372 PMCID: PMC10823092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oxytocin is a neuropeptide known for its prosocial properties and role in social bonding, and intervention with intranasal oxytocin is posited to modulate affective and social cognition (i.e., hot cognition). Serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission is also involved in emotional and social behaviors and appear to work in concert with oxytocin. However, this interaction so far remains elusive in humans. Therefore, we here investigate the relation between brain 5-HT 4 receptor (5-HT4R) levels and oxytocin-modulated hot cognition. Methods Using a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design, 35 healthy women received a dose of 24 IU intranasal oxytocin or placebo one month apart. The women were naturally cycling and to control for hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle, intervention days were placed during the early follicular phase. Following intervention cognitive domains including affective memory, affective bias in emotion processing, moral emotions and social information preference were assessed. In a subgroup (n = 25), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was used to image 5-HT4R brain binding at baseline with the [11C]SB207145 radiotracer. Results No effect of oxytocin intervention relative to placebo was observed for any of the cognitive outcomes. Likewise, regional brain 5-HT4R binding at baseline was not associated with cognitive responses to oxytocin intervention. Conclusion Our data suggest that intervention with intranasal oxytocin does not have an overall effect on hot cognition in healthy women and further that 5-HT4R brain architecture does not mediate cognitive effects of oxytocin in the healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Høyrup Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Høgsgaard Andersen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Trolle Pedersen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe Gedsoe Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Karmakar S, Lal G. Role of Serotonergic System in Regulating Brain Tumor-Associated Neuroinflammatory Responses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:181-207. [PMID: 38427238 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Serotonin signaling regulates wide arrays of both neural and extra-neural functions. Serotonin is also found to affect cancer progression directly as well as indirectly by modulating the immune cells. In the brain, serotonin plays a key role in regulating various functions; disturbance of the normal activities of serotonin leads to various mental illnesses, including the neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroinflammatory response can be initiated in various psychological illnesses and brain cancer. Serotonergic signaling can impact the functions of both glial as well as the immune cells. It can also affect the tumor immune microenvironment and the inflammatory response associated with brain cancers. Apart from this, many drugs used for treatment of psychological illness are known to modulate serotonergic system and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Understanding the role of serotonergic pathways in regulating neuroinflammatory response and brain cancer will provide a new paradigm in modulating the serotonergic components in treating brain cancer and associated inflammation-induced brain damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Karmakar
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), SPPU Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), SPPU Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Vulpius GM, Köhler-Forsberg K, Ozenne B, Larsen SV, Nasser A, Svarer C, Gillings N, Keller SH, Jørgensen MB, Knudsen GM, Frokjaer VG. Stress Hormone Dynamics Are Coupled to Brain Serotonin 4 Receptor Availability in Unmedicated Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A NeuroPharm Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:639-648. [PMID: 37542733 PMCID: PMC10519814 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prominent finding in major depressive disorder (MDD) is distorted stress hormone dynamics, which is regulated by serotonergic brain signaling. An interesting feature of the cerebral serotonin system is the serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R), which is lower in depressed relative to healthy individuals and also has been highlighted as a promising novel antidepressant target. Here, we test the novel hypothesis that brain 5-HT4R availability in untreated patients with MDD is correlated with cortisol dynamics, indexed by the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Further, we evaluate if CAR changes with antidepressant treatment, including a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and if pretreatment CAR can predict treatment outcome. METHODS Sixty-six patients (76% women) with a moderate to severe depressive episode underwent positron emission tomography imaging with [11C]SB207145 for quantification of brain 5-HT4R binding using BPND as outcome. Serial home sampling of saliva in the first hour from awakening was performed to assess CAR before and after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Treatment outcome was measured by change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 6 items. RESULTS In the unmedicated depressed state, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices 5-HT4R binding was positively associated with CAR. CAR remained unaltered after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment, and pretreatment CAR did not significantly predict treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a link between serotonergic disturbances in MDD and cortisol dynamics, which likely is involved in disease and treatment mechanisms. Further, our data support 5-HT4R agonism as a promising precision target in patients with MDD and disturbed stress hormone dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunild M Vulpius
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren V Larsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arafat Nasser
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Nic Gillings
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Sune H Keller
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Martin B Jørgensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Rasmussen AL, Larsen SV, Ozenne B, Köhler-Forsberg K, Stenbæk DS, Jørgensen MB, Giraldi A, Frokjaer VG. Sexual health and serotonin 4 receptor brain binding in unmedicated patients with depression-a NeuroPharm study. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:247. [PMID: 37414758 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction is prominent in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and affects women with depression more than men. Patients with MDD relative to healthy controls have lower brain levels of the serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R), which is expressed with high density in the striatum, i.e. a key hub of the reward system. Reduced sexual desire is putatively related to disturbed reward processing and may index anhedonia in MDD. Here, we aim to illuminate plausible underlying neurobiology of sexual dysfunction in unmedicated patients with MDD. We map associations between 5-HT4R binding, as imaged with [11C]SB207145 PET, in the striatum, and self-reported sexual function. We also evaluate if pre-treatment sexual desire score predicts 8-week treatment outcome in women. From the NeuroPharm study, we include 85 untreated MDD patients (71% women) who underwent eight weeks of antidepressant drug treatment. In the mixed sex group, we find no difference in 5-HT4R binding between patients with sexual dysfunction vs normal sexual function. However, in women we find lower 5-HT4R binding in the sexual dysfunctional group compared to women with normal sexual function (β = -0.36, 95%CI[-0.62:-0.09], p = 0.009) as well as a positive association between sexual desire and 5-HT4R binding (β = 0.07, 95%CI [0.02:0.13], p = 0.012). Sexual desire at baseline do not predict treatment outcome (ROC curve AUC = 52%[36%:67%]) in women. Taken together, we find evidence for a positive association between sexual desire and striatal 5-HT4R availability in women with depression. Interestingly, this raises the question if direct 5-HT4R agonism can target reduced sexual desire or anhedonia in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Søren Vinther Larsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annamaria Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Köhler-Forsberg K, Dam VH, Ozenne B, Sankar A, Beliveau V, Landman EB, Larsen SV, Poulsen AS, Ip CT, Jørgensen A, Meyer M, Stenbæk DS, Eiberg HRL, Madsen J, Svarer C, Jørgensen MB, Frokjaer VG, Knudsen GM. Serotonin 4 Receptor Brain Binding in Major Depressive Disorder and Association With Memory Dysfunction. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:296-304. [PMID: 36753296 PMCID: PMC9909578 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Importance The cerebral serotonin 4 (5-HT4) receptor is a promising novel target for treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), and pharmacological stimulation of the 5-HT4 receptor has been associated with improved learning and memory in healthy individuals. Objective To map the neurobiological signatures of patients with untreated MDD compared with healthy controls and to examine the association between cerebral 5-HT4 receptor binding and cognitive functions in the depressed state. Design, Setting, and Participants This case-control study used baseline data from the NeuroPharm clinical depression trial in Denmark. Adult participants included antidepressant-free outpatients with a current moderate to severe depressive episode and healthy controls. All participants completed positron emission tomography (PET) scanning with [11C]SB207145 for quantification of brain 5-HT4 receptor binding, but only the patients underwent cognitive testing. Data analyses were performed from January 21, 2020, to April 22, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures The main study outcome was the group difference in cerebral 5-HT4 receptor binding between patients with MDD and healthy controls. In addition, the association between 5-HT4 receptor binding and verbal memory performance in the patient group was tested. Other cognitive domains (working memory, reaction time, emotion recognition bias, and negative social emotions) were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results A total of 90 patients with untreated MDD (mean [SD] age, 27.1 [8.2] years; 64 women [71.1%]) and 91 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 27.1 [8.0] years; 55 women [60.4%]) were included in the analysis. Patients with current MDD had significantly lower cerebral 5-HT4 receptor binding than healthy controls (-7.0%; 95% CI, -11.2 to -2.7; P = .002). In patients with MDD, there was a correlation between cerebral 5-HT4 receptor binding and verbal memory (r = 0.29; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study show that cerebral 5-HT4 receptor binding was lower in patients with MDD than in healthy controls and that the memory dysfunction in patients with MDD was associated with lower cerebral 5-HT4 receptor binding. The cerebral 5-HT4 receptor is a promising treatment target for memory dysfunction in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke H. Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anjali Sankar
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elizabeth B. Landman
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren V. Larsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn S. Poulsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cheng-Teng Ip
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Anders Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michal Meyer
- Center for Referral and Diagnostics, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea S. Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans R. L. Eiberg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin B. Jørgensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G. Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M. Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Lopresti BJ, Royse SK, Mathis CA, Tollefson SA, Narendran R. Beyond monoamines: I. Novel targets and radiotracers for Positron emission tomography imaging in psychiatric disorders. J Neurochem 2023; 164:364-400. [PMID: 35536762 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of positron emission tomography (PET) in the late 1970s, psychiatry had access to a tool capable of non-invasive assessment of human brain function. Early applications in psychiatry focused on identifying characteristic brain blood flow and metabolic derangements using radiotracers such as [15 O]H2 O and [18 F]FDG. Despite the success of these techniques, it became apparent that more specific probes were needed to understand the neurochemical bases of psychiatric disorders. The first neurochemical PET imaging probes targeted sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. Based on the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the measured success of monoamine-enhancing drugs in treating them, the next 30 years witnessed the development of an armamentarium of PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies for studying monoamines. Continued development of monoamine-enhancing drugs over this time however was less successful, realizing only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely paralleled drug development priorities resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non-monoamine targets. Part one of this review will briefly survey novel PET imaging targets with relevance to the field of psychiatry, which include the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), purinergic P2 X7 receptor, type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1 ), phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), and describe radiotracers developed for these and other targets that have matured to human subject investigations. Current limitations of the targets and techniques will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Lopresti
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah K Royse
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Savannah A Tollefson
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Fu H, Rong J, Chen Z, Zhou J, Collier T, Liang SH. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging Tracers for Serotonin Receptors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10755-10808. [PMID: 35939391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs) have crucial roles in various neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, making them attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive nuclear molecular imaging technique and is an essential tool in clinical diagnosis and drug discovery. In this context, numerous PET ligands have been developed for "visualizing" 5-HTRs in the brain and translated into human use to study disease mechanisms and/or support drug development. Herein, we present a comprehensive repertoire of 5-HTR PET ligands by focusing on their chemotypes and performance in PET imaging studies. Furthermore, this Perspective summarizes recent 5-HTR-focused drug discovery, including biased agonists and allosteric modulators, which would stimulate the development of more potent and subtype-selective 5-HTR PET ligands and thus further our understanding of 5-HTR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jingyin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Thomas Collier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Köhler-Forsberg K, Ozenne B, Larsen SV, Poulsen AS, Landman EB, Dam VH, Ip CT, Jørgensen A, Svarer C, Knudsen GM, Frokjaer VG, Jørgensen MB. Concurrent anxiety in patients with major depression and cerebral serotonin 4 receptor binding. A NeuroPharm-1 study. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:273. [PMID: 35821015 PMCID: PMC9276803 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent anxiety is frequent in major depressive disorder and a shared pathophysiological mechanism between anxiety and other depressive symptoms is plausible. The serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R) has been implicated in both depression and anxiety. This is the first study to investigate the association between the cerebral 5-HT4R binding and anxiety in patients with depression before and after antidepressant treatment and the association to treatment response. Ninety-one drug-free patients with depression were positron emission tomography scanned with the 5-HT4R ligand [11C]-SB207145. Depression severity and concurrent anxiety was measured at baseline and throughout 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Anxiety measures included four domains: anxiety/somatization factor score; Generalized Anxiety Disorder 10-items (GAD-10) score; anxiety/somatization factor score ≥7 (anxious depression) and syndromal anxious depression. Forty patients were rescanned at week 8. At baseline, we found a negative association between global 5-HT4R binding and both GAD-10 score (p < 0.01) and anxiety/somatization factor score (p = 0.06). Further, remitters had a higher baseline anxiety/somatization factor score compared with non-responders (p = 0.04). At rescan, patients with syndromal anxious depression had a greater change in binding relative to patients with non-syndromal depression (p = 0.04). Concurrent anxiety in patients with depression measured by GAD-10 score and anxiety/somatization factor score is negatively associated with cerebral 5-HT4R binding. A lower binding may represent a subtype with reduced natural resilience against anxiety in a depressed state, and concurrent anxiety may influence the effect on the 5-HT4R from serotonergic antidepressants. The 5-HT4R is a promising neuroreceptor for further understanding the underpinnings of concurrent anxiety in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren V. Larsen
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn S. Poulsen
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth B. Landman
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke H. Dam
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cheng-Teng Ip
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Department of Clinical Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Anders Jørgensen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M. Knudsen
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G. Frokjaer
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin B. Jørgensen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Mangeant R, Dubost E, Cailly T, Collot V. Radiotracers for the Central Serotoninergic System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:571. [PMID: 35631397 PMCID: PMC9143978 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This review lists the most important radiotracers described so far for imaging the central serotoninergic system. Single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography radiotracers are reviewed and critically discussed for each receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynald Mangeant
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dubost
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Cailly
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
- UNICAEN, IMOGERE, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France
- CHU Côte de Nacre, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Valérie Collot
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
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12
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Memory Disorders Related to Hippocampal Function: The Interest of 5-HT 4Rs Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112082. [PMID: 34769511 PMCID: PMC8584667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has long been considered as a key structure for memory processes. Multilevel alterations of hippocampal function have been identified as a common denominator of memory impairments in a number of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. For many years, the glutamatergic and cholinergic systems have been the main targets of therapeutic treatments against these symptoms. However, the high rate of drug development failures has left memory impairments on the sideline of current therapeutic strategies. This underscores the urgent need to focus on new therapeutic targets for memory disorders, such as type 4 serotonin receptors (5-HT4Rs). Ever since the discovery of their expression in the hippocampus, 5-HT4Rs have gained growing interest for potential use in the treatment of learning and memory impairments. To date, much of the researched information gathered by scientists from both animal models and humans converge on pro-mnesic and anti-amnesic properties of 5-HT4Rs activation, although the mechanisms at work require more work to be fully understood. This review addresses a fundamental, yet poorly understood set of evidence of the potential of 5-HT4Rs to re-establish or limit hippocampal alterations related to neurological diseases. Most importantly, the potential of 5-HT4Rs is translated by refining hypotheses regarding the benefits of their activation in memory disorders at the hippocampal level.
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13
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The Modulatory Role of Serotonin on Human Impulsive Aggression. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:447-457. [PMID: 34266672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of chronically low brain serotonin levels as pathophysiologically linked to impulsive aggression has been around for several decades. Whereas the theory was initially based on indirect methods to probe serotonin function, our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in impulsive aggression has progressed with recent advances in neuroimaging. The review integrates evidence based on data from several neuroimaging domains in humans. In vivo molecular neuroimaging findings demonstrate associations between impulsive aggression and high serotonin 1B and serotonin 4 receptor binding, high serotonin transporter levels, and low monoamine oxidase A levels, suggesting that low interstitial serotonin levels are a neurobiological risk factor for impulsive aggressive behavior. Imaging genetics suggests that serotonergic-related genetic polymorphisms associate with antisocial behavior, and some evidence indicates that the low-expressing monoamine oxidase A genotype specifically predisposes to impulsive aggression, which may be mediated by effects on corticolimbic function. Interventions that (presumably) alter serotonin levels have effects on brain activity within brain regions involved in impulsive aggression, notably the amygdala, dorsal striatum, anterior cingulate, insula, and prefrontal cortex. Based on these findings, we propose a model for the modulatory role of serotonin in impulsive aggression. Future studies should ensure that clinical features unique for impulsive aggression are appropriately assessed, and we propose investigations of knowledge gaps that can help confirm, refute, or modify our proposed model of impulsive aggression.
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14
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5-HT Receptors and the Development of New Antidepressants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169015. [PMID: 34445721 PMCID: PMC8396477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin modulates several physiological and cognitive pathways throughout the human body that affect emotions, memory, sleep, and thermal regulation. The complex nature of the serotonergic system and interactions with other neurochemical systems indicate that the development of depression may be mediated by various pathomechanisms, the common denominator of which is undoubtedly the disturbed transmission in central 5-HT synapses. Therefore, the deliberate pharmacological modulation of serotonergic transmission in the brain seems to be one of the most appropriate strategies for the search for new antidepressants. As discussed in this review, the serotonergic system offers great potential for the development of new antidepressant therapies based on the combination of SERT inhibition with different pharmacological activity towards the 5-HT system. The aim of this article is to summarize the search for new antidepressants in recent years, focusing primarily on the possibility of benefiting from interactions with various 5-HT receptors in the pharmacotherapy of depression.
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15
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Serotonin receptor 4 in the hippocampus modulates mood and anxiety. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2334-2349. [PMID: 33441982 PMCID: PMC8275670 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin receptor 4 (5-HT4R) plays an important role in regulating mood, anxiety, and cognition, and drugs that activate this receptor have fast-acting antidepressant (AD)-like effects in preclinical models. However, 5-HT4R is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, making it difficult to pinpoint the cell types and circuits underlying its effects. Therefore, we generated a Cre-dependent 5-HT4R knockout mouse line to dissect the function of 5-HT4R in specific brain regions and cell types. We show that the loss of functional 5-HT4R specifically from excitatory neurons of hippocampus led to robust AD-like behavioral responses and an elevation in baseline anxiety. 5-HT4R was necessary to maintain the proper excitability of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells and cell type-specific molecular profiling revealed a dysregulation of genes necessary for normal neural function and plasticity in cells lacking 5-HT4R. These adaptations were accompanied by an increase in the number of immature neurons in ventral, but not dorsal, dentate gyrus, indicating a broad impact of 5-HT4R loss on the local cellular environment. This study is the first to use conditional genetic targeting to demonstrate a direct role for hippocampal 5-HT4R signaling in modulating mood and anxiety. Our findings also underscore the need for cell type-based approaches to elucidate the complex action of neuromodulatory systems on distinct neural circuits.
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16
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Lecouflet P, Roux CM, Potier B, Leger M, Brunet E, Billard JM, Schumann-Bard P, Freret T. Interplay between 5-HT4 Receptors and GABAergic System within CA1 Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:694-701. [PMID: 32935845 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 4 serotonin receptor (5-HT4R) is highly involved in cognitive processes such as learning and memory. Behavioral studies have shown a beneficial effect of its activation and conversely reported memory impairments by its blockade. However, how modulation of 5HT4R enables modifications of hippocampal synaptic plasticity remains elusive. To shed light on the mechanisms at work, we investigated the effects of the 5-HT4R agonist RS67333 on long-term potentiation (LTP) within the hippocampal CA1 area. Although high-frequency stimulation-induced LTP remained unaffected by RS67333, the magnitude of LTP induced by theta-burst stimulation was significantly decreased. This effect was blocked by the selective 5-HT4R antagonist RS39604. Further, 5-HT4R-induced decrease in LTP magnitude was fully abolished in the presence of bicuculline, a GABAAR antagonist; hence, demonstrating involvement of GABA neurotransmission. In addition, we showed that the application of a GABABR antagonist, CGP55845, mimicked the effect of 5-HT4R activation, whereas concurrent application of CGP55845 and RS67333 did not elicit an additive inhibition effect on LTP. To conclude, through investigation of theta burst induced functional plasticity, we demonstrated an interplay between 5-HT4R activation and GABAergic neurotransmission within the hippocampal CA1 area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lecouflet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Candice M Roux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France.,PORSOLT, 53940 Le Genest Saint-Isle, France
| | - Brigitte Potier
- LUMIN, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marianne Leger
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Elie Brunet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marie Billard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
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17
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Köhler-Forsberg K, Jorgensen A, Dam VH, Stenbæk DS, Fisher PM, Ip CT, Ganz M, Poulsen HE, Giraldi A, Ozenne B, Jørgensen MB, Knudsen GM, Frokjaer VG. Predicting Treatment Outcome in Major Depressive Disorder Using Serotonin 4 Receptor PET Brain Imaging, Functional MRI, Cognitive-, EEG-Based, and Peripheral Biomarkers: A NeuroPharm Open Label Clinical Trial Protocol. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:641. [PMID: 32792991 PMCID: PMC7391965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 30 and 50% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond sufficiently to antidepressant regimens. The conventional pharmacological treatments predominantly target serotonergic brain signaling but better tools to predict treatment response and identify relevant subgroups of MDD are needed to support individualized and mechanistically targeted treatment strategies. The aim of this study is to investigate antidepressant-free patients with MDD using neuroimaging, electrophysiological, molecular, cognitive, and clinical examinations and evaluate their ability to predict clinical response to SSRI treatment as individual or combined predictors. METHODS We will include 100 untreated patients with moderate to severe depression (>17 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17) in a non-randomized open clinical trial. We will collect data from serotonin 4 receptor positron emission tomography (PET) brain scans, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), cognitive tests, psychometry, and peripheral biomarkers, before (at baseline), during, and after 12 weeks of standard antidepressant treatment. Patients will be treated with escitalopram, and in case of non-response at week 4 or intolerable side effects, offered to switch to a second line treatment with duloxetine. Our primary outcome (treatment response) is assessed using the Hamilton depression rating subscale 6-item scores at week 8, compared to baseline. In a subset of the patients (n = ~40), we will re-assess the neurobiological response (using PET, fMRI, and EEG) 8 weeks after initiated pharmacological antidepressant treatment, to map neurobiological signatures of treatment responses. Data from matched controls will either be collected or is already available from other cohorts. DISCUSSION The extensive investigational program with follow-up in this large cohort of participants provides a unique possibility to (a) uncover potential biomarkers for antidepressant treatment response, (b) apply the findings for future stratification of MDD, (c) advance the understanding of pathophysiological underpinnings of MDD, and (d) uncover how putative biomarkers change in response to 8 weeks of pharmacological antidepressant treatment. Our data can pave the way for a precision medicine approach for optimized treatment of MDD and also provides a resource for future research and data sharing. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov prior to initiation (NCT02869035; 08.16.2016, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02869035&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Jorgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke H Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cheng-Teng Ip
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annamaria Giraldi
- Sexological Clinic, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe Gedsoe Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Reduced serotonin receptors and transporters in normal aging adults: a meta-analysis of PET and SPECT imaging studies. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 80:1-10. [PMID: 31055162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in serotonin (5-HT) function have been hypothesized to underlie a range of physiological, emotional, and cognitive changes in older age. Here, we conducted a quantitative synthesis and comparison of the effects of age on 5-HT receptors and transporters from cross-sectional positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of 31 studies including 1087 healthy adults yielded large negative effects of age in 5-HT-2A receptors (largest in global cortex), moderate negative effects of age in 5-HT transporters (largest in thalamus), and small negative effects of age in 5-HT-1A receptors (largest in parietal cortex). Presynaptic 5-HT-1A autoreceptors in raphe/midbrain, however, were preserved across adulthood. Adult age differences were significantly larger in 5-HT-2A receptors compared with 5-HT-1A receptors. A meta-regression showed that 5-HT target, radionuclide, and publication year significantly moderated the age effects. The findings overall identify reduced serotonergic signal transmission in healthy aging. The evidence for the relative preservation of 5-HT-1A compared with 5-HT-2A receptors may partially explain psychological age differences, such as why older adults use more emotion-focused rather than problem-focused coping strategies.
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19
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Mc Mahon B, Nørgaard M, Svarer C, Andersen SB, Madsen MK, Baaré WFC, Madsen J, Frokjaer VG, Knudsen GM. Seasonality-resilient individuals downregulate their cerebral 5-HT transporter binding in winter - A longitudinal combined 11C-DASB and 11C-SB207145 PET study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1151-1160. [PMID: 30077433 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that the emergence and severity of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) symptoms in the winter is associated with an increase in cerebral serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) binding. Intriguingly, we also found that individuals resilient to SAD downregulate their cerebral SERT binding in the winter. In the present paper, we provide an analysis of the SERT- and 5-HT dynamics as indexed by 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) binding related to successful stress coping. We included 46 11C-DASB positron emission tomography (PET) scans (N = 23, 13 women, age: 26 ± 6 years) and 14 11C-SB207145 PET scans (7 participants, 3 women, age: 25 ± 3 years) from 23 SAD-resilient Danes. Data was collected longitudinally in summer and winter. We found that compared to the summer, raphe nuclei and global brain SERT binding decreased significantly in the winter (praphe = 0.003 and pglobal = 0.003) and the two measures were positively correlated across seasons (summer: R2 = 0.33, p = .004, winter: R2 = 0.24, p = .018). A voxel-based analysis revealed prominent changes in SERT in clusters covering both angular gyri (0.0005 < pcorrected < 0.0016), prefrontal cortices (0.00087 < pcorrected < 0.0039) and the posterior temporal and adjacent occipital cortices (0.0001 < pcorrected < 0.0066). We did not observe changes in 5-HT4R binding, suggesting that 5-HT levels remained stable across seasons. We conclude that resilience to SAD is associated with a global downregulation of SERT levels in winter which serves to keep 5-HT levels across seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Mc Mahon
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Martin Nørgaard
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie B Andersen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin K Madsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegårds Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jacob Madsen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Deen M, Hougaard A, Hansen HD, Svarer C, Eiberg H, Lehel S, Knudsen GM, Ashina M. Migraine is associated with high brain 5-HT levels as indexed by 5-HT 4 receptor binding. Cephalalgia 2018; 39:526-532. [PMID: 30089402 DOI: 10.1177/0333102418793642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serotonin (5-HT) plays a role in migraine pathophysiology, but whether brain 5-HT is involved in the conversion from episodic to chronic migraine is unknown. Here, we investigated brain 5-HT levels, as indexed by 5-HT4 receptor binding, in chronic migraine patients and evaluated whether these were associated with migraine frequency. METHODS Sixteen chronic migraine patients underwent a dynamic PET scan after injection of [11C]SB207145, a specific 5-HT4 receptor radioligand. Data from 15 episodic migraine patients and 16 controls were included for comparison. Quantification of 5-HT4 receptor binding was used as a proxy for brain 5-HT levels, since 5-HT4 receptor binding is inversely related to brain 5-HT levels. RESULTS Chronic migraine patients had 9.1% (95% CI: [-17%; -1.0%]) lower 5-HT4 receptor binding compared to controls ( p = 0.039). There was no difference in 5-HT4 receptor binding between chronic and episodic migraine patients ( p = 0.48) and no association between number of monthly migraine days and 5-HT4 receptor binding (slope estimate 0.003, 95% CI: [-0.004; 0.715], p = 0.39). CONCLUSION The finding of low 5-HT4 receptor binding suggests that cerebral levels of 5-HT are elevated in chronic migraine patients. This is in line with observations made in patients with episodic migraine. Elevated brain 5-HT levels may thus be an inherent trait of the migraine brain rather than a risk factor for conversion from episodic to chronic migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Deen
- 1 Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,2 Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,3 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Hougaard
- 1 Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- 2 Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- 2 Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Eiberg
- 4 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Szabolcs Lehel
- 5 PET and Cyclotron Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- 2 Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,3 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- 1 Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,3 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Deen M, Hansen HD, Hougaard A, Nørgaard M, Eiberg H, Lehel S, Ashina M, Knudsen GM. High brain serotonin levels in migraine between attacks: A 5-HT 4 receptor binding PET study. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:97-102. [PMID: 29387527 PMCID: PMC5790018 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Migraine has been hypothesized to be a syndrome of chronic low serotonin (5-HT) levels, but investigations of brain 5-HT levels have given equivocal results. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the 5-HT4 receptor as a proxy for brain 5-HT levels. Given that the 5-HT4 receptor is inversely related to brain 5-HT levels, we hypothesized that between attacks migraine patients would have higher 5-HT4 receptor binding compared to controls. Eighteen migraine patients without aura (migraine free >48 h), and 16 age- and sex-matched controls underwent PET scans after injection of [11C]SB207145, a specific 5-HT4 receptor radioligand. An investigator blinded to group calculated a neocortical mean [11C]SB207145 binding potential (BPND). Three migraine patients reported a migraine attack within 48 h after the scan and were excluded from the primary analysis. Comparing 15 migraine patients and 16 controls, we found that migraine patients have significantly lower neocortical 5-HT4 receptor binding than controls (0.60 ± 0.09 vs. 0.67 ± 0.05, p = .024), corrected for 5-HTTLPR genotype, sex and age. We found no association between 5-HT4 receptor binding and attack frequency, years with migraine or time since last migraine attack. Our finding of lower 5-HT4 receptor binding in migraine patients is suggestive of higher brain 5-HT levels. This is in contrast with the current belief that migraine is associated with low brain 5-HT levels. High brain 5-HT levels may represent a trait of the migraine brain or it could be a consequence of migraine attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Deen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Hougaard
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nørgaard
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Eiberg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Szabolcs Lehel
- PET- and Cyclotron Unit, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Hazari PP, Pandey A, Chaturvedi S, Mishra AK. New Trends and Current Status of Positron-Emission Tomography and Single-Photon-Emission Computerized Tomography Radioligands for Neuronal Serotonin Receptors and Serotonin Transporter. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2647-2672. [PMID: 28767225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and its receptors (5-HTRs) in the pathophysiology of diverse neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders render them attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets for brain disorders. Therefore, the in vivo assessment of binding of 5-HT receptor ligands under a multitude of physiologic and pathologic scenarios may support more-accurate identification of disease and its progression and the patient's response to therapy as well as the screening of novel therapeutic strategies. The present Review aims to focus on the current status of radioligands used for positron-emission tomography (PET) and single-photon-emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging of human brain serotonin receptors. We further elaborate upon and emphasize the attributes that qualify a radioligand for theranostics on the basis of its frequency of use in clinics, its benefit to risk assessment in humans, and its continuous evolution, along with the major limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Panwar Hazari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Shubhra Chaturvedi
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
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23
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Stenbæk DS, Dam VH, Fisher PM, Hansen N, Hjordt LV, Frokjaer VG. No evidence for a role of the serotonin 4 receptor in five-factor personality traits: A positron emission tomography brain study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184403. [PMID: 28880910 PMCID: PMC5589219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) brain architecture appears to be implicated in normal personality traits as supported by genetic associations and studies using molecular brain imaging. However, so far, no studies have addressed potential contributions to variation in normal personality traits from in vivo serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R) brain availability, which has recently become possible to image with Positron Emission Tomography (PET). This is particularly relevant since availability of 5-HT4R has been shown to adapt to synaptic levels of 5-HT and thus offers information about serotonergic tone in the healthy brain. In 69 healthy participants (18 females), the associations between personality traits assessed with the five-factor NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) and regional cerebral 5-HT4R binding in neocortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were investigated using linear regression models. The associations between each of the five personality traits and a latent variable construct of global 5-HT4R levels were also evaluated using latent variable structural equation models. We found no significant associations between the five NEO personality traits and regional 5-HT4R binding (all p-values > .17) or the latent construct of global 5-HT4R levels (all p-values > .37). Our findings indicate that NEO personality traits and 5-HT4R are not related in healthy participants. Under the assumption that global 5-HT4R levels index 5-HT tone, our data also suggest that 5-HT tone per se is not directly implicated in normal personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Vibeke Høyrup Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liv Vadskjær Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe Gedsoe Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Testosterone levels in healthy men correlate negatively with serotonin 4 receptor binding. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 81:22-28. [PMID: 28426945 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The serotonergic system integrates sex steroid information and plays a central role in mood and stress regulation, cognition, appetite and sleep. This interplay may be critical for likelihood of developing depressive episodes, at least in a subgroup of sensitive individuals. The serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R) indexes central serotonergic tonus, which may be related to endogenous sex-steroid levels in the mentally healthy state even though this remains elusive. Here we evaluate if peripheral levels of estradiol and testosterone are associated with 5-HT4R binding as imaged by [11C]SB207145 positron emission tomography in a group of 41 healthy men. We estimated global 5-HT4R binding using a latent variable model framework, which models shared correlation between 5-HT4R across multiple brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, posterior and anterior cingulate, thalamus, pallidostriatum and neocortex). We tested whether testosterone and estradiol predict global 5-HT4R, adjusting for age. We found that testosterone, but not estradiol, correlated negatively with global 5-HT4R levels (p=0.02) suggesting that men with high levels of testosterone have higher cerebral serotonergic tonus. Our findings corroborate the link between sex hormone levels and serotonin signalling. Future longitudinal studies in clinical relevant populations are needed to elucidate the potential importance of testosterone in the pathophysiology of e.g. major depression and its treatment.
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25
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Stenbæk DS, Fisher PM, Ozenne B, Andersen E, Hjordt LV, McMahon B, Hasselbalch SG, Frokjaer VG, Knudsen GM. Brain serotonin 4 receptor binding is inversely associated with verbal memory recall. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00674. [PMID: 28413715 PMCID: PMC5390847 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously identified an inverse relationship between cerebral serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT 4R) binding and nonaffective episodic memory in healthy individuals. Here, we investigate in a novel sample if the association is related to affective components of memory, by examining the association between cerebral 5-HT 4R binding and affective verbal memory recall. METHODS Twenty-four healthy volunteers were scanned with the 5-HT 4R radioligand [11C]SB207145 and positron emission tomography, and were tested with the Verbal Affective Memory Test-24. The association between 5-HT 4R binding and affective verbal memory was evaluated using a linear latent variable structural equation model. RESULTS We observed a significant inverse association across all regions between 5-HT 4R binding and affective verbal memory performances for positive (p = 5.5 × 10-4) and neutral (p = .004) word recall, and an inverse but nonsignificant association for negative (p = .07) word recall. Differences in the associations with 5-HT 4R binding between word categories (i.e., positive, negative, and neutral) did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our findings replicate our previous observation of a negative association between 5-HT 4R binding and memory performance in an independent cohort and provide novel evidence linking 5-HT 4R binding, as a biomarker for synaptic 5-HT levels, to the mnestic processing of positive and neutral word stimuli in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea S Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Biostatistics University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Emil Andersen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Liv V Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Brenda McMahon
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Neurology The Neuroscience Centre Danish Dementia Research Centre Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
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26
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Jakobsen GR, Fisher PM, Dyssegaard A, McMahon B, Holst KK, Lehel S, Svarer C, Jensen PS, Knudsen GM, Frokjaer VG. Brain serotonin 4 receptor binding is associated with the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 67:124-32. [PMID: 26894483 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin signalling is considered critical for an appropriate and dynamic adaptation to stress. Previously, we have shown that prefrontal serotonin transporter (SERT) binding is positively associated with the cortisol awakening response (CAR) (Frokjaer et al., 2013), which is an index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis output dynamics. Here, we investigated in healthy individuals if cerebral serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4r) binding, reported to be a proxy for serotonin levels, is associated with CAR. Thirty healthy volunteers (25 males, age range 20-56 years) underwent 5-HT4r PET imaging with [(11)C]-SB207145, genotyping of the SERT-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), and performed serial home sampling of saliva (5 time points from 0 to 60min from awakening) to assess CAR. The association between 5-HT4r binding in 4 regions of interest (prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, pallidostriatum, and hippocampus) and CAR was tested using multiple linear regression with adjustment for age and 5-HTTLPR genotype. Finally, an exploratory voxel-based analysis of the association was performed. CAR was negatively associated with 5-HT4r binding in pallidostriatum (p=0.01), prefrontal cortex (p=0.03), and anterior cingulate cortex (p=0.002), respectively, but showed no association in hippocampus. The results remained significant when taking into account other potentially relevant covariates. In conclusion, our finding reinforces an association between HPA-axis function and serotonin signaling in vivo in humans. We suggest that higher synaptic serotonin concentration, here indexed by lower 5-HT4r binding, supports HPA-axis dynamics, which in healthy volunteers is reflected by a robust CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav R Jakobsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnete Dyssegaard
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brenda McMahon
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus K Holst
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter S Jensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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27
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da Cunha-Bang S, Mc Mahon B, Fisher PM, Jensen PS, Svarer C, Knudsen GM. High trait aggression in men is associated with low 5-HT levels, as indexed by 5-HT4 receptor binding. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:548-55. [PMID: 26772668 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsive aggression has commonly been associated with a dysfunction of the serotonin (5-HT) system: many, but not all, studies point to an inverse relationship between 5-HT and aggression. As cerebral 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) binding has recently been recognized as a proxy for stable brain levels of 5-HT, we here test the hypothesis in healthy men and women that brain 5-HT levels, as indexed by cerebral 5-HT4R, are inversely correlated with trait aggression and impulsivity. Sixty-one individuals (47 men) underwent positron emission tomography scanning with the radioligand [(11)C]SB207145 for quantification of brain 5-HT4R binding. The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were used for assessment of trait aggression and trait impulsivity. Among male subjects, there was a positive correlation between global 5-HT4R and BPAQ total score (P = 0.037) as well as BPAQ physical aggression (P = 0.025). No main effect of global 5-HT4R on trait aggression or impulsivity was found in the mixed gender sample, but there was evidence for sex interaction effects in the relationship between global 5-HT4R and BPAQ physical aggression. In conclusion we found that low cerebral 5-HT levels, as indexed by 5-HT4R binding were associated with high trait aggression in males, but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi da Cunha-Bang
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brenda Mc Mahon
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Peter Steen Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Claus Svarer
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Kumar JSD, Mann JJ. PET tracers for serotonin receptors and their applications. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2015; 14:96-112. [PMID: 25360773 DOI: 10.2174/1871524914666141030124316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin receptors (5-HTRs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and are also targets for drug therapy. In the CNS, most of these receptors are expressed in high abundance in specific brain regions reflecting their role in brain functions. Quantifying binding to 5-HTRs in vivo may permit assessment of physiologic and pathologic conditions, and monitoring disease progression, evaluating treatment response, and for investigating new treatment modalities. Positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging has the sensitivity to quantify binding of 5-HTRs in CNS disorders and to measure drug occupancy as part of a process of new drug development. Although research on PET imaging of 5-HTRs have been performed more than two decades, the successful radiotracers so far developed for human studies are limited to 5-HT₁AR, 5-HT₁BR, 5-HT₂AR, 5-HT₄R and 5-HT₆R. Herein we review the development and application of radioligands for PET imaging of 5-HTRs in living brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J John Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Box: 42, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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29
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Lefebvre H, Duparc C, Prévost G, Zennaro MC, Bertherat J, Louiset E. Paracrine control of steroidogenesis by serotonin in adrenocortical neoplasms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:198-204. [PMID: 25433205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is able to activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis via multiple actions at different levels. In the human adrenal gland, 5-HT, released by subcapsular mast cells, stimulates corticosteroid production through a paracrine mode of communication which involves 5-HT receptor type 4 (5-HT4) primarily located in zona glomerulosa. As a result, 5-HT is much more efficient to stimulate aldosterone secretion than cortisol release in vitro and administration of 5-HT4 receptor agonists to healthy individuals is followed by an increase in plasma aldosterone levels without any change in plasma cortisol concentrations. Interestingly, adrenocortical hyperplasias and tumors responsible for corticosteroid hypersecretion exhibit various cellular and molecular defects which tend to reinforce the intraadrenal serotonergic tone. These pathophysiological mechanisms, which are summarized in the present review, include an increase in adrenal 5-HT production and overexpression of 5-HT receptors in adrenal neoplastic tissues. Altogether, these data support the concept of adrenal serotonergic paracrinopathy and suggest that 5-HT and its receptors may constitute valuable targets for pharmacological treatments of primary adrenal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lefebvre
- INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Differentiation & Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication, IRIB, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France.
| | - C Duparc
- INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Differentiation & Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication, IRIB, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - G Prévost
- INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Differentiation & Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication, IRIB, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - M C Zennaro
- INSERM, UMRS 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - J Bertherat
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Cochin and Cochin Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris V, Paris, France
| | - E Louiset
- INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Differentiation & Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication, IRIB, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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30
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Fluctuations in [¹¹C]SB207145 PET binding associated with change in threat-related amygdala reactivity in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1510-8. [PMID: 25560201 PMCID: PMC4397409 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin critically affects the neural processing of emotionally salient stimuli, including indices of threat; however, how alterations in serotonin signaling contribute to changes in brain function is not well understood. Recently, we showed in a placebo-controlled study of 32 healthy males that brain serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4) binding, assessed with [(11)C]SB207145 PET, was sensitive to a 3-week intervention with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, supporting it as an in vivo model for fluctuations in central serotonin levels. Participants also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a gender discrimination task of fearful, angry, and neutral faces. This offered a unique opportunity to evaluate whether individual fluctuations in central serotonin levels, indexed by change in [(11)C]SB207145 binding, predicted changes in threat-related reactivity (ie, fear and angry vs neutral faces) within a corticolimbic circuit including the amygdala and medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. We observed a significant association such that decreased brain-wide [(11)C]SB207145 binding (ie, increased brain serotonin levels) was associated with lower threat-related amygdala reactivity, whereas intervention group status did not predict change in corticolimbic reactivity. This suggests that in the healthy brain, interindividual responses to pharmacologically induced and spontaneously occurring fluctuations in [(11)C]SB207145 binding, a putative marker of brain serotonin levels, affect amygdala reactivity to threat. Our finding also supports that change in brain [(11)C]SB207145 binding may be a relevant marker for evaluating neurobiological mechanisms underlying sensitivity to threat and serotonin signaling.
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31
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Fresneau N, Dumas N, Tournier BB, Fossey C, Ballandonne C, Lesnard A, Millet P, Charnay Y, Cailly T, Bouillon JP, Fabis F. Design of a serotonin 4 receptor radiotracer with decreased lipophilicity for single photon emission computed tomography. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 94:386-96. [PMID: 25778994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to develop a suitable radiotracer for the brain imaging of the serotonin 4 receptor subtype (5-HT4R) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), we synthesized and evaluated a library of di- and triazaphenanthridines with lipophilicity values which were in the range expected to favour brain penetration, and which demonstrated specific binding to the target of interest. Adding additional nitrogen atoms to previously described phenanthridine ligands exhibiting a high unspecific binding, we were able to design a radioiodinated compound [(125)I]14. This compound exhibited a binding affinity value of 0.094 nM toward human 5-HT4R and a high selectivity over other serotonin receptor subtypes (5-HTR). In vivo SPECT imaging studies and competition experiments demonstrated that the decreased lipophilicity (in comparison with our previously reported compounds 4 and 5) allowed a more specific labelling of the 5-HT4R brain-containing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fresneau
- Normandie Univ., COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Univ. Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 Rue Tesnière, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Noé Dumas
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Département de Santé Mentale et de Psychiatrie, Service de Psychiatrie Générale, Unité des Biomarqueurs de Vulnérabilité, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, 2, CH-1225 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Département de Santé Mentale et de Psychiatrie, Service de Psychiatrie Générale, Unité des Biomarqueurs de Vulnérabilité, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, 2, CH-1225 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Christine Fossey
- Normandie Univ., Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, CERMN (EA 4258, FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, SF 4206 ICORE), UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Bd Becquerel, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Céline Ballandonne
- Normandie Univ., Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, CERMN (EA 4258, FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, SF 4206 ICORE), UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Bd Becquerel, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Aurélien Lesnard
- Normandie Univ., Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, CERMN (EA 4258, FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, SF 4206 ICORE), UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Bd Becquerel, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Philippe Millet
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Département de Santé Mentale et de Psychiatrie, Service de Psychiatrie Générale, Unité des Biomarqueurs de Vulnérabilité, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, 2, CH-1225 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Yves Charnay
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Département de Santé Mentale et de Psychiatrie, Service de Psychiatrie Générale, Unité des Biomarqueurs de Vulnérabilité, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, 2, CH-1225 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Cailly
- Normandie Univ., Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, CERMN (EA 4258, FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, SF 4206 ICORE), UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Bd Becquerel, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouillon
- Normandie Univ., COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Univ. Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 Rue Tesnière, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Fabis
- Normandie Univ., Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, CERMN (EA 4258, FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, SF 4206 ICORE), UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Bd Becquerel, F-14032 Caen, France.
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Finnema SJ, Scheinin M, Shahid M, Lehto J, Borroni E, Bang-Andersen B, Sallinen J, Wong E, Farde L, Halldin C, Grimwood S. Application of cross-species PET imaging to assess neurotransmitter release in brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4129-57. [PMID: 25921033 PMCID: PMC4600473 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE This review attempts to summarize the current status in relation to the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the assessment of synaptic concentrations of endogenous mediators in the living brain. OBJECTIVES Although PET radioligands are now available for more than 40 CNS targets, at the initiation of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) "Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia" (NEWMEDS) in 2009, PET radioligands sensitive to an endogenous neurotransmitter were only validated for dopamine. NEWMEDS work-package 5, "Cross-species and neurochemical imaging (PET) methods for drug discovery", commenced with a focus on developing methods enabling assessment of changes in extracellular concentrations of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain. RESULTS Sharing the workload across institutions, we utilized in vitro techniques with cells and tissues, in vivo receptor binding and microdialysis techniques in rodents, and in vivo PET imaging in non-human primates and humans. Here, we discuss these efforts and review other recently published reports on the use of radioligands to assess changes in endogenous levels of dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, acetylcholine, and opioid peptides. The emphasis is on assessment of the availability of appropriate translational tools (PET radioligands, pharmacological challenge agents) and on studies in non-human primates and human subjects, as well as current challenges and future directions. CONCLUSIONS PET imaging directed at investigating changes in endogenous neurochemicals, including the work done in NEWMEDS, have highlighted an opportunity to further extend the capability and application of this technology in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J. Finnema
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Scheinin
- />Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland , />Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mohammed Shahid
- />Research and Development, Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Lehto
- />Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Edilio Borroni
- />Neuroscience Department, Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jukka Sallinen
- />Research and Development, Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Erik Wong
- />Neuroscience Innovative Medicine Unit, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE USA
| | - Lars Farde
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden , />Translational Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Grimwood
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Madsen K, Torstensen E, Holst KK, Haahr ME, Knorr U, Frokjaer VG, Brandt-Larsen M, Iversen P, Fisher PM, Knudsen GM. Familial risk for major depression is associated with lower striatal 5-HT₄ receptor binding. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu034. [PMID: 25522384 PMCID: PMC4368872 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 5-HT4 receptor provides a novel potential target for antidepressant treatment. No studies exist to elucidate the 5-HT4 receptor's in vivo distribution in the depressed state or in populations that may display trait markers for major depression disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to determine whether familial risk for MDD is associated with cerebral 5-HT4 receptor binding as measured with [(11)C]SB207145 brain PET imaging. Familial risk is the most potent risk factor of MDD. METHODS We studied 57 healthy individuals (mean age 36 yrs, range 20-86; 21 women), 26 of which had first-degree relatives treated for MDD. RESULTS We found that having a family history of MDD was associated with lower striatal 5-HT4 receptor binding (p = 0.038; in individuals below 40 years, p = 0.013). Further, we found evidence for a "risk-dose effect" on 5-HT4 receptor binding, since the number of first-degree relatives with a history of MDD binding correlated negatively with 5-HT4 receptor binding in both the striatum (p = 0.001) and limbic regions (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the 5-HT4 receptor is involved in the neurobiological mechanism underlying familial risk for depression, and that lower striatal 5-HT4 receptor binding is associated with increased risk for developing MDD. The finding is intriguing considering that the 5-HT4 receptor has been suggested to be an effective target for antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Madsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Torstensen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Fisher, and Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Iversen, Fisher, and Knudsen); Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Holst); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knorr); PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Brandt-Larsen); Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark (Dr Iversen)
| | - Eva Torstensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Torstensen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Fisher, and Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Iversen, Fisher, and Knudsen); Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Holst); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knorr); PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Brandt-Larsen); Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark (Dr Iversen)
| | - Klaus K Holst
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Torstensen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Fisher, and Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Iversen, Fisher, and Knudsen); Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Holst); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knorr); PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Brandt-Larsen); Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark (Dr Iversen)
| | - Mette E Haahr
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Torstensen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Fisher, and Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Iversen, Fisher, and Knudsen); Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Holst); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knorr); PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Brandt-Larsen); Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark (Dr Iversen)
| | - Ulla Knorr
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Torstensen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Fisher, and Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Iversen, Fisher, and Knudsen); Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Holst); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knorr); PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Brandt-Larsen); Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark (Dr Iversen)
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Torstensen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Fisher, and Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Iversen, Fisher, and Knudsen); Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Holst); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knorr); PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Brandt-Larsen); Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark (Dr Iversen)
| | - Malene Brandt-Larsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Torstensen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Fisher, and Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Iversen, Fisher, and Knudsen); Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Holst); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knorr); PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Brandt-Larsen); Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark (Dr Iversen)
| | - Pernille Iversen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Torstensen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Fisher, and Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Iversen, Fisher, and Knudsen); Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Holst); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knorr); PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Brandt-Larsen); Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark (Dr Iversen)
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Torstensen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Fisher, and Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Iversen, Fisher, and Knudsen); Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Holst); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knorr); PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Brandt-Larsen); Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark (Dr Iversen)
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Torstensen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Fisher, and Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Madsen, Holst, Haahr, Frokjaer, Iversen, Fisher, and Knudsen); Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Holst); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knorr); PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Brandt-Larsen); Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark (Dr Iversen).
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Fisher PM, Holst KK, Adamsen D, Klein AB, Frokjaer VG, Jensen PS, Svarer C, Gillings N, Baare WFC, Mikkelsen JD, Knudsen GM. BDNF Val66met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms predict a human in vivo marker for brain serotonin levels. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:313-23. [PMID: 25220079 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in multiple aspects of brain function including regulation of serotonin signaling. The BDNF val66met polymorphism (rs6265) has been linked to aspects of serotonin signaling in humans but its effects are not well understood. To address this, we evaluated whether BDNF val66met was predictive of a putative marker of brain serotonin levels, serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4 ) binding assessed with [11C]SB207145 positron emission tomography, which has also been associated with the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism. We applied a linear latent variable model (LVM) using regional 5-HT4 binding values (neocortex, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, and putamen) from 68 healthy humans, allowing us to explicitly model brain-wide and region-specific genotype effects on 5-HT4 binding. Our data supported an LVM wherein BDNF val66met significantly predicted a LV reflecting [11C]SB207145 binding across regions (P = 0.005). BDNF val66met met-carriers showed 2-9% higher binding relative to val/val homozygotes. In contrast, 5-HTTLPR did not predict the LV but S-carriers showed 7% lower neocortical binding relative to LL homozygotes (P = 7.3 × 10(-6)). We observed no evidence for genetic interaction. Our findings indicate that BDNF val66met significantly predicts a common regulator of brain [11C]SB207145 binding, which we hypothesize reflects brain serotonin levels. In contrast, our data indicate that 5-HTTLPR specifically affects 5-HT4 binding in the neocortex. These findings implicate serotonin signaling as an important molecular mediator underlying the effects of BDNF val66met and 5-HTTLPR on behavior and related risk for neuropsychiatric illness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Fisher
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark
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Lefebvre H, Prévost G, Louiset E. Could targeting hormone receptors be an effective strategy in management of adrenal hyperplasia? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/ije.14.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lefebvre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 982, Laboratory of Neuronal & Neuroendocrine Differentiation & Communication, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëtan Prévost
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 982, Laboratory of Neuronal & Neuroendocrine Differentiation & Communication, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Estelle Louiset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 982, Laboratory of Neuronal & Neuroendocrine Differentiation & Communication, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Central 5-HT4 receptor binding as biomarker of serotonergic tonus in humans: a [11C]SB207145 PET study. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:427-32. [PMID: 24189342 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Identification of a biomarker that can inform on extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels in the brains of living humans would enable greater understanding of the way brain circuits are modulated by serotonergic neurotransmission. Substantial evidence from studies in animals and humans indicates an inverse relationship between central 5-HT tonus and 5-HT type 4 receptor (5-HT4R) density, suggesting that 5-HT4R receptor density may be a biomarker marker for 5-HT tonus. Here, we investigated whether a 3-week administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, expected to increase brain 5-HT levels, is associated with a decline in brain 5-HT4R binding. A total of 35 healthy men were studied in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study. Participants were assigned to receive 3 weeks of oral dosing with placebo or fluoxetine, 40 mg per day. Brain 5-HT4R binding was quantified at baseline and at follow-up with [(11)C]SB207145 positron emission tomography (PET). Three weeks of intervention with fluoxetine was associated with a 5.2% reduction in brain 5-HT4R binding (P=0.017), whereas placebo intervention did not change 5-HT4R binding (P=0.52). Our findings are consistent with a model, wherein the 5-HT4R density adjusts to changes in the extracellular 5-HT tonus. Our data demonstrate for the first time in humans that the imaging of central 5-HT4R binding may be used as an in vivo biomarker of the central 5-HT tonus.
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Tavares AAS, Caillé F, Barret O, Papin C, Lee H, Morley TJ, Fowles K, Holden D, Seibyl JP, Alagille D, Tamagnan GD. In Vivo Evaluation of 18F-MNI698: An 18F-Labeled Radiotracer for Imaging of Serotonin 4 Receptors in Brain. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:858-64. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.132712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Tavares AAS, Caillé F, Barret O, Papin C, Lee H, Morley TJ, Fowles K, Holden D, Seibyl JP, Alagille D, Tamagnan GD. Whole-body biodistribution and dosimetry estimates of a novel radiotracer for imaging of serotonin 4 receptors in brain: [¹⁸F]MNI-698. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:432-9. [PMID: 24674817 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new radiotracer for imaging the serotonin 4 receptors (5-HT4) in brain, [¹⁸F]MNI-698, was recently developed by our group. Evaluation in nonhuman primates indicates the novel radiotracer holds promise as an imaging agent of 5-HT4 in brain. This paper aims to describe the whole-body biodistribution and dosimetry estimates of [¹⁸F]MNI-698. METHODS Whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) images were acquired over 240 minutes after intravenous bolus injection of [¹⁸F]MNI-698 in adult rhesus monkeys. Different models were investigated for quantification of radiation absorbed and effective doses using OLINDA/EXM 1.0 software. RESULTS The radiotracer main elimination route was found to be urinary and the critical organ was the urinary bladder. Modeling of the urinary bladder voiding interval had a considerable effect on the estimated effective dose. Normalization of rhesus monkeys' organs and whole-body masses to human equivalent reduced the calculated dosimetry values. The effective dose ranged between 0.017 and 0.027 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSION The dosimetry estimates, obtained when normalizing organ and whole-body weights and applying the urinary bladder model, indicate that the radiation doses from [¹⁸F]MNI-698 comply with limits and guidelines recommended by key regulatory authorities that govern the translation of radiotracers to human clinical trials. The timing of urinary bladder emptying should be considered when designing future clinical protocols with [¹⁸F]MNI-698, in order to minimize the subject absorbed doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Molecular NeuroImaging, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Olivier Barret
- Molecular NeuroImaging, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Papin
- Molecular NeuroImaging, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hsiaoju Lee
- Molecular NeuroImaging, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas J Morley
- Molecular NeuroImaging, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - John P Seibyl
- Molecular NeuroImaging, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Alagille
- Molecular NeuroImaging, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gilles D Tamagnan
- Molecular NeuroImaging, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Greve DN, Svarer C, Fisher PM, Feng L, Hansen AE, Baare W, Rosen B, Fischl B, Knudsen GM. Cortical surface-based analysis reduces bias and variance in kinetic modeling of brain PET data. Neuroimage 2013; 92:225-36. [PMID: 24361666 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploratory (i.e., voxelwise) spatial methods are commonly used in neuroimaging to identify areas that show an effect when a region-of-interest (ROI) analysis cannot be performed because no strong a priori anatomical hypothesis exists. However, noise at a single voxel is much higher than noise in a ROI making noise management critical to successful exploratory analysis. This work explores how preprocessing choices affect the bias and variability of voxelwise kinetic modeling analysis of brain positron emission tomography (PET) data. These choices include the use of volume- or cortical surface-based smoothing, level of smoothing, use of voxelwise partial volume correction (PVC), and PVC masking threshold. PVC was implemented using the Muller-Gartner method with the masking out of voxels with low gray matter (GM) partial volume fraction. Dynamic PET scans of an antagonist serotonin-4 receptor radioligand ([(11)C]SB207145) were collected on sixteen healthy subjects using a Siemens HRRT PET scanner. Kinetic modeling was used to compute maps of non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) after preprocessing. The results showed a complicated interaction between smoothing, PVC, and masking on BPND estimates. Volume-based smoothing resulted in large bias and intersubject variance because it smears signal across tissue types. In some cases, PVC with volume smoothing paradoxically caused the estimated BPND to be less than when no PVC was used at all. When applied in the absence of PVC, cortical surface-based smoothing resulted in dramatically less bias and the least variance of the methods tested for smoothing levels 5mm and higher. When used in combination with PVC, surface-based smoothing minimized the bias without significantly increasing the variance. Surface-based smoothing resulted in 2-4 times less intersubject variance than when volume smoothing was used. This translates into more than 4 times fewer subjects needed in a group analysis to achieve similarly powered statistical tests. Surface-based smoothing has less bias and variance because it respects cortical geometry by smoothing the PET data only along the cortical ribbon and so does not contaminate the GM signal with that of white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. The use of surface-based analysis in PET should result in substantial improvements in the reliability and detectability of effects in exploratory PET analysis, with or without PVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claus Svarer
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ling Feng
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam E Hansen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William Baare
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruce Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, USA
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lefebvre H, Prévost G, Louiset E. Autocrine/paracrine regulatory mechanisms in adrenocortical neoplasms responsible for primary adrenal hypercorticism. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:R115-38. [PMID: 23956298 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of autocrine/paracrine bioactive signals are able to modulate corticosteroid secretion in the human adrenal gland. These regulatory factors, released in the vicinity of adrenocortical cells by diverse cell types comprising chromaffin cells, nerve terminals, cells of the immune system, endothelial cells, and adipocytes, include neuropeptides, biogenic amines, and cytokines. A growing body of evidence now suggests that paracrine mechanisms may also play an important role in the physiopathology of adrenocortical hyperplasias and tumors responsible for primary adrenal steroid excess. These intra-adrenal regulatory systems, although globally involving the same actors as those observed in the normal gland, display alterations at different levels, which reinforce the capacity of paracrine factors to stimulate the activity of adrenocortical cells. The main modifications in the adrenal local control systems reported by now include hyperplasia of cells producing the paracrine factors and abnormal expression of the latter and their receptors. Because steroid-secreting adrenal neoplasms are independent of the classical endocrine regulatory factors angiotensin II and ACTH, which are respectively suppressed by hyperaldosteronism and hypercortisolism, these lesions have long been considered as autonomous tissues. However, the presence of stimulatory substances within the neoplastic tissues suggests that steroid hypersecretion is driven by autocrine/paracrine loops that should be regarded as promising targets for pharmacological treatments of primary adrenal disorders. This new potential therapeutic approach may constitute an alternative to surgical removal of the lesions that is classically recommended in order to cure steroid excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 982, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Carnovale C, Pellegrino P, Perrone V, Antoniazzi S, Pozzi M, Nisic A, Clementi E, Radice S. Neurological and psychiatric adverse events with prucalopride: case report and possible mechanisms. J Clin Pharm Ther 2013; 38:524-5. [PMID: 23889005 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Chronic constipation is very frequent in the general population. Although usually considered banal, this disorder has considerable personal, social and healthcare impact. Several studies have shown that the psychological impact exceeds that caused by rheumatoid arthritis or haemodialysis. Recently, prucalopride, a highly selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist has been shown to improve the symptoms of chronic constipation and to have a beneficial effect on social and healthcare impact. The drug was approved by the European Medicine Agency, in 2009 at a dose of 2 mg/day, 'for symptomatic treatment of chronic constipation in women in whom laxatives fail to provide adequate relief'. Neurological side effects or psychiatric disorders have not been reported previously with prucalopride. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman, who developed such adverse effects when given prucalopride for the treatment for chronic constipation. CASE SUMMARY A few hours after oral administration of this drug at therapeutic dose (2 mg/day), the patient experienced life-threatening neurological effects that included visual hallucination, loss of balance and memory, disorientation, exhaustion and suicidal ideation. Analysis with the Naranjo algorithm indicated a 'possible' relationship between prucalopride and these disorders. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This is the first report of prucalopride-induced neurological side effects and psychiatric disorders with prucalopride. The absence of other similar reports suggests that prucalopride rarely causes these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carnovale
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, 'Luigi Sacco' University Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Buiter HJ, Windhorst AD, Huisman MC, De Maeyer JH, Schuurkes JA, Lammertsma AA, Leysen JE. Radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of [11C]prucalopride as a potential agonist PET ligand for the 5-HT4 receptor. EJNMMI Res 2013; 3:24. [PMID: 23557209 PMCID: PMC3623622 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-3-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serotonin 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4-R) agonists are potential therapeutic agents for enterokinetic and cognitive disorders and are marketed for treatment of constipation. The aim of this study was to develop an agonist positron emission tomography (PET) ligand in order to label the active G-protein coupled 5-HT4-R in peripheral and central tissues. For this purpose prucalopride, a high-affinity selective 5-HT4-R agonist, was selected. Methods [11C]Prucalopride was synthesized from [11C]methyl triflate and desmethyl prucalopride, and its LogDoct,pH7.4 was determined. Three distinct studies were performed with administration of IV [11C]prucalopride in male rats: (1) The biodistribution of radioactivity was measured ex vivo; (2) the kinetics of radioactivity levels in brain regions and peripheral organs was assessed in vivo under baseline conditions and following pre-treatment with tariquidar, a P-glycoprotein efflux pump inhibitor; and (3) in vivo stability of [11C]prucalopride was checked ex vivo in plasma and brain extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results [11C]Prucalopride was synthesized in optimised conditions with a yield of 21% ± 4% (decay corrected) and a radiochemical purity (>99%), its LogDoct,pH7.4 was 0.87. Ex vivo biodistribution studies with [11C]prucalopride in rats showed very low levels of radioactivity in brain (maximal 0.13% ID·g−1) and ten times higher levels in certain peripheral tissues. The PET studies confirmed very low brain levels of radioactivity under baseline conditions; however, it was increased three times after pre-treatment with tariquidar. [11C]Prucalopride was found to be very rapidly metabolised in rats, with no parent compound detectable in plasma and brain extracts at 5 and 30 min following IV administration. Analysis of levels of radioactivity in peripheral tissues revealed a distinct PET signal in the caecum, which was reduced following tariquidar pre-treatment. The latter is in line with the role of the P-glycoprotein pump in the gut. Conclusion [11C]Prucalopride demonstrated low radioactivity levels in rat brain; a combination of reasons may include rapid metabolism in the rat in particular, low passive diffusion and potential P-glycoprotein substrate. In humans, further investigation of [11C]prucalopride for imaging the active state of 5-HT4-R is worthwhile, in view of the therapeutic applications of 5-HT4 agonists for treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jc Buiter
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, MB, 1007, The Netherlands.
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Tesseur I, Pimenova AA, Lo AC, Ciesielska M, Lichtenthaler SF, De Maeyer JH, Schuurkes JAJ, D'Hooge R, De Strooper B. Chronic 5-HT4 receptor activation decreases Aβ production and deposition in hAPP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1779-89. [PMID: 23474291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lowering the production and accumulation of Aβ has been explored as treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), because Aβ is postulated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. 5-HT4 receptors are an interesting drug target in this regard, as their activation might stimulate α-secretase processing, which increases sAPPα and reduces Aβ, at least according to the central dogma in APP processing. Here we describe a novel high-affinity 5-HT4 receptor agonist SSP-002392 that, in cultured human neuroblastoma cells, potently increases the levels of cAMP and sAPPα at 100-fold lower concentrations than the effective concentrations of prucalopride, a known selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist. Chronic administration of this compound in a hAPP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease decreased soluble and insoluble Aβ in hippocampus, but the potential mechanisms underlying these observations seem to be complex. We found no evidence for direct α-secretase stimulation in the brain in vivo, but observed decreased APP and BACE-1 expression and elevated astroglia and microglia responses. Taken together these results provide support for a potential disease-modifying aspect when stimulating central 5-HT4 receptors; however, the complexity of the phenomena warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Tesseur
- Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Nirogi R, Kandikere V, Bhyrapuneni G, Saralaya R, Ajjala DR, Aleti RR, Rasheed MA. In-vivo rat striatal 5-HT4 receptor occupancy using non-radiolabelled SB207145. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:704-12. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The objective of the current investigation was to develop a simple, rapid method for determining in-vivo 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor (5-HT4R) occupancy in rat brain using non-radiolabelled SB207145 as a tracer for accelerating the drug discovery process.
Methods
In-vivo tracer optimization studies for tracer dose, survival intervals and brain distribution profile were carried out in rats. The tracer was pharmacologically validated using potent well-characterized 5-HT4R ligands. The brain regional concentrations of tracer (SB207145); plasma and brain concentrations of 5-HT4R ligands were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometric detector (LC-MS/MS).
Key findings
SB207145 showed a higher specific binding in striatum (1.96 ng/g) and lower binding in cerebellum (0.66 ng/g), which is consistent with findings of other published 5-HT4R expression studies. Pretreatment with potent 5-HT4 ligands dose-dependently reduced striatal SB207145 concentration and the effective dose to achieve 50% receptor occupancy (ED50) values were 4.8, 2.0, 7.4, 9.9, 3.8 and 0.02 mg/kg for GR113808, piboserod, prucalopride, RS67333, TD8954 and PF04995274, respectively.
Conclusions
Results from the mass spectrometry approach to determine 5-HT4R occupancy in rat brain are comparable with those reported using radiolabelled scintillation spectroscopy methods. In conclusion, the LC-MS/MS characterization permits use of tracer at a preclinical stage in high-throughput fashion as well as characterization of target expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Nirogi
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Ramanatha Saralaya
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Mohammed Abdul Rasheed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Hyderabad, India
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Artigas F. Serotonin receptors involved in antidepressant effects. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:119-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dubost E, Dumas N, Fossey C, Magnelli R, Butt-Gueulle S, Ballandonne C, Caignard DH, Dulin F, Sopkova de-Oliveira Santos J, Millet P, Charnay Y, Rault S, Cailly T, Fabis F. Synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of selective high-affinity 5-HT(4) receptor antagonists: application to the design of new potential single photon emission computed tomography tracers. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9693-707. [PMID: 23102207 DOI: 10.1021/jm300943r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The work described herein aims at finding new potential ligands for the brain imaging of 5-HT(4) receptors (5-HT(4)Rs) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Starting from the nonsubstituted phenanthridine compound 4a, exhibiting a K(i) value of 51 nM on the 5-HT(4)R, we explored the structure-affinity in this series. We found that substitution in position 4 of the tricycle with a fluorine atom gave the best result. Introduction of an additional nitrogen atom inside the tricyclic framework led to an increase of both the affinity and selectivity for 5-HT(4)R, suggesting the design of the antagonist 4v, exhibiting a high affinity of 0.04 nM. Several iodinated analogues were then synthesized as potential SPECT tracers. The iodinated compound 11d was able to displace the reference radioiodinated 5-HT(4)R antagonist (1-butylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl-8-amino-7-iodo[(123)I]-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-5-carboxylate {[(123)I]1, [(123)I]SB 207710} both in vitro and in vivo in brain. Compound 11d was radiolabeled with [(125)I]iodine, providing a potential SPECT candidate for brain imaging of 5-HT(4)R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Dubost
- UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4258 CERMN, FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, SF-4206 ICORE, Boulevard Becquerel, F-14032 Caen, France
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Rodríguez JJ, Noristani HN, Verkhratsky A. The serotonergic system in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:15-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Genetic variation in 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter expression causes adaptive changes in 5-HT₄ receptor levels. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:1099-107. [PMID: 21846421 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145711001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) expression is a key risk factor for psychiatric disorder and has been linked to changes in the expression of certain 5-HT receptor subtypes. This study investigated the effect of variation in 5-HTT expression on 5-HT₄ receptor levels in both 5-HTT knockout (KO) and overexpressing (OE) mice using autoradiography with the selective 5-HT₄ receptor radioligand, [³H]SB207145. Compared to wild-type (5-HTT⁺/⁺) controls, homozygous 5-HTT KO mice (5-HTT⁻/⁻) had reduced 5-HT₄ receptor binding site density in all brain regions examined (35-65% of 5-HTT⁺/⁺). In contrast, the density of 5-HT₄ receptor binding sites was not significantly different between heterozygous 5-HTT KO mice (5-HTT⁻/⁺) and 5-HTT⁺/⁺ mice. The 5-HT synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (250 mg/kg twice daily for 3 d) abolished the difference in 5-HT₄ binding between 5-HTT⁻/⁻ and 5-HTT⁺/⁺ mice in all brain regions. Compared to wild-type (WT) littermate controls, 5-HTT OE mice had increased 5-HT₄ binding density across all brain regions, except amygdala (118-164% of WT) and this difference between genotypes was reduced by the 5-HTT inhibitor, fluoxetine (20 mg/kg twice daily, 3 d). Together, these findings suggest that variation in 5-HTT expression causes adaptive changes in 5-HT₄ receptor levels which are directly linked to alterations in 5-HT availability.
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Fisher PM, Holst KK, Mc Mahon B, Haahr ME, Madsen K, Gillings N, Baaré WF, Jensen PS, Knudsen GM. 5-HTTLPR status predictive of neocortical 5-HT4 binding assessed with [11C]SB207145 PET in humans. Neuroimage 2012; 62:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Haahr M, Rasmussen P, Madsen K, Marner L, Ratner C, Gillings N, Baaré W, Knudsen G. Obesity is associated with high serotonin 4 receptor availability in the brain reward circuitry. Neuroimage 2012; 61:884-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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