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Bækvad-Hansen M, Adamsen D, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Hougaard DM. Implementation of SCID Screening in Denmark. Int J Neonatal Screen 2021; 7:ijns7030054. [PMID: 34449527 PMCID: PMC8395828 DOI: 10.3390/ijns7030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for SCID was added to the Danish Neonatal Screening Program in February 2020. The screening uses a RealtimePCR kit and we here present the results and experiences with the validation of the kit and the first 10 months of screening.
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Foss-Skiftesvik J, Hagen CM, Mathiasen R, Adamsen D, Bækvad-Hansen M, Børglum AD, Nordentoft M, Werge T, Christiansen M, Schmiegelow K, Juhler M, Mortensen PB, Hougaard DM, Bybjerg-Grauholm J. Genome-wide association study across pediatric central nervous system tumors implicates shared predisposition and points to 1q25.2 (PAPPA2) and 11p12 (LRRC4C) as novel candidate susceptibility loci. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:819-830. [PMID: 33226468 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central nervous system (CNS) tumors constitute the most common form of solid neoplasms in children, but knowledge on genetic predisposition is sparse. In particular, whether susceptibility attributable to common variants is shared across CNS tumor types in children has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore potential common genetic risk variants exhibiting pleiotropic effects across pediatric CNS tumors. We also investigated whether such susceptibility differs between early and late onset of disease. METHOD A Danish nationwide genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1,097 consecutive patients (< 15 years of age) with CNS tumors and a cohort of 4,745 population-based controls. RESULTS For both the overall cohort and patients diagnosed after the age of four, the strongest association was rs12064625 which maps to PAPPA2 at 1q25.2 (p = 3.400 × 10-7 and 9.668 × 10-8, respectively). PAPPA2 regulates local bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). IGF-I is fundamental to CNS development and is involved in tumorigenesis across a wide range of different cancers. For the younger children, the strongest association was provided by rs11036373 mapping to LRRC4C at 11p12 (p = 7.620 × 10-7), which encoded protein acts as an axon guidance molecule during CNS development and has not formerly been associated with brain tumors. DISCUSSION This GWAS indicates shared susceptibility attributable to common variants across pediatric CNS tumor types. Variations in genetic loci with roles in CNS development appear to be involved, possibly via altered IGF-I related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Foss-Skiftesvik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Munch Hagen
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Mathiasen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Adamsen
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Genome Center, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Juhler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Michael Hougaard
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
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Korner G, Scherer T, Adamsen D, Rebuffat A, Crabtree M, Rassi A, Scavelli R, Homma D, Ledermann B, Konrad D, Ichinose H, Wolfrum C, Horsch M, Rathkolb B, Klingenspor M, Beckers J, Wolf E, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Blau N, Rozman J, Thöny B. Mildly compromised tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor biosynthesis due to Pts variants leads to unusual body fat distribution and abdominal obesity in mice. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:309-19. [PMID: 26830550 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, alkylglycerol monooxygenase, and nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Inborn errors of BH4 metabolism lead to severe insufficiency of brain monoamine neurotransmitters while augmentation of BH4 by supplementation or stimulation of its biosynthesis is thought to ameliorate endothelial NOS (eNOS) dysfunction, to protect from (cardio-) vascular disease and/or prevent obesity and development of the metabolic syndrome. We have previously reported that homozygous knock-out mice for the 6-pyruvolytetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS; Pts-ko/ko) mice with no BH4 biosynthesis die after birth. Here we generated a Pts-knock-in (Pts-ki) allele expressing the murine PTPS-p.Arg15Cys with low residual activity (15% of wild-type in vitro) and investigated homozygous (Pts-ki/ki) and compound heterozygous (Pts-ki/ko) mutants. All mice showed normal viability and depending on the severity of the Pts alleles exhibited up to 90% reduction of PTPS activity concomitant with neopterin elevation and mild reduction of total biopterin while blood L-phenylalanine and brain monoamine neurotransmitters were unaffected. Yet, adult mutant mice with compromised PTPS activity (i.e., Pts-ki/ko, Pts-ki/ki or Pts-ko/wt) had increased body weight and elevated intra-abdominal fat. Comprehensive phenotyping of Pts-ki/ki mice revealed alterations in energy metabolism with proportionally higher fat content but lower lean mass, and increased blood glucose and cholesterol. Transcriptome analysis indicated changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes associated with obesity, weight loss, hepatic steatosis, and insulin sensitivity were consistent with the observed phenotypic alterations. We conclude that reduced PTPS activity concomitant with mildly compromised BH4-biosynthesis leads to abnormal body fat distribution and abdominal obesity at least in mice. This study associates a novel single gene mutation with monogenic forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine Korner
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Scherer
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dea Adamsen
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Rebuffat
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Anahita Rassi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rossana Scavelli
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daigo Homma
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Birgit Ledermann
- Division of Animal Facility, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Horsch
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Am Forum 8, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- ZIEL - Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85350, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nenad Blau
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Am Forum 8, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland.
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Jensen CG, Lansner J, Petersen A, Vangkilde SA, Ringkøbing SP, Frokjaer VG, Adamsen D, Knudsen GM, Denninger JW, Hasselbalch SG. Open and Calm--a randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1245. [PMID: 26673225 PMCID: PMC4682248 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged psychological stress is a risk factor for illness and constitutes an increasing public health challenge creating a need to develop public interventions specifically targeting stress and promoting mental health. The present randomized controlled trial evaluated health effects of a novel program: Relaxation-Response-based Mental Health Promotion (RR-MHP). Methods The multimodal, meditation-based course was publicly entitled “Open and Calm” (OC) because it consistently trained relaxed and receptive (“Open”) attention, and consciously non-intervening (“Calm”) witnessing, in two standardized formats (individual or group) over nine weeks. Seventy-two participants who complained to their general practitioner about reduced daily functioning due to prolonged stress or who responded to an online health survey on stress were randomly assigned to OC formats or treatment as usual, involving e.g., unstandardized consultations with their general practitioner. Outcomes included perceived stress, depressive symptoms, quality of life, sleep disturbances, mental health, salivary cortisol, and visual perception. Control variables comprised a genetic stress-resiliency factor (serotonergic transporter genotype; 5-HTTLPR), demographics, personality, self-reported inattentiveness, and course format. Results Intent-to-treat analyses showed significantly larger improvements in OC than in controls on all outcomes. Treatment effects on self-reported outcomes were sustained after 3 months and were not related to age, gender, education, or course format. The dropout rate was only 6 %. Conclusions The standardized OC program reduced stress and improved mental health for a period of 3 months. Further testing of the OC program for public mental health promotion and reduction of stress-related illnesses is therefore warranted. A larger implementation is in progress. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov.: NCT02140307. Registered May 14 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Jensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Jon Lansner
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Anders Petersen
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Signe A Vangkilde
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Signe P Ringkøbing
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Dea Adamsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - John W Denninger
- Benson-Henry Institute of Mind-Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark. .,Danish Dementia Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Feng L, Svarer C, Thomsen G, de Nijs R, Larsen VA, Jensen P, Adamsen D, Dyssegaard A, Fischer W, Meden P, Krieger D, Møller K, Knudsen GM, Pinborg LH. In Vivo Quantification of Cerebral Translocator Protein Binding in Humans Using 6-Chloro-2-(4′-123I-Iodophenyl)-3-(N,N-Diethyl)-Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine-3-Acetamide SPECT. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1966-72. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.143727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Fisher PM, Holst KK, Adamsen D, Klein AB, Frokjaer VG, Jensen PS, Svarer C, Gillings N, Baare WFC, Mikkelsen JD, Knudsen GM. BDNF Val66met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms predict a human in vivo marker for brain serotonin levels. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:313-23. [PMID: 25220079 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in multiple aspects of brain function including regulation of serotonin signaling. The BDNF val66met polymorphism (rs6265) has been linked to aspects of serotonin signaling in humans but its effects are not well understood. To address this, we evaluated whether BDNF val66met was predictive of a putative marker of brain serotonin levels, serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4 ) binding assessed with [11C]SB207145 positron emission tomography, which has also been associated with the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism. We applied a linear latent variable model (LVM) using regional 5-HT4 binding values (neocortex, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, and putamen) from 68 healthy humans, allowing us to explicitly model brain-wide and region-specific genotype effects on 5-HT4 binding. Our data supported an LVM wherein BDNF val66met significantly predicted a LV reflecting [11C]SB207145 binding across regions (P = 0.005). BDNF val66met met-carriers showed 2-9% higher binding relative to val/val homozygotes. In contrast, 5-HTTLPR did not predict the LV but S-carriers showed 7% lower neocortical binding relative to LL homozygotes (P = 7.3 × 10(-6)). We observed no evidence for genetic interaction. Our findings indicate that BDNF val66met significantly predicts a common regulator of brain [11C]SB207145 binding, which we hypothesize reflects brain serotonin levels. In contrast, our data indicate that 5-HTTLPR specifically affects 5-HT4 binding in the neocortex. These findings implicate serotonin signaling as an important molecular mediator underlying the effects of BDNF val66met and 5-HTTLPR on behavior and related risk for neuropsychiatric illness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Fisher
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark
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Adamsen D, Ramaekers V, Ho HT, Britschgi C, Rüfenacht V, Meili D, Bobrowski E, Philippe P, Nava C, Van Maldergem L, Bruggmann R, Walitza S, Wang J, Grünblatt E, Thöny B. Autism spectrum disorder associated with low serotonin in CSF and mutations in the SLC29A4 plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) gene. Mol Autism 2014; 5:43. [PMID: 25802735 PMCID: PMC4370364 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-5-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have low brain serotonin concentrations as reflected by the serotonin end-metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods We sequenced the candidate genes SLC6A4 (SERT), SLC29A4 (PMAT), and GCHFR (GFRP), followed by whole exome analysis. Results The known heterozygous p.Gly56Ala mutation in the SLC6A4 gene was equally found in the ASD and control populations. Using a genetic candidate gene approach, we identified, in 8 patients of a cohort of 248 with ASD, a high prevalence (3.2%) of three novel heterozygous non-synonymous mutations within the SLC29A4 plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) gene, c.86A > G (p.Asp29Gly) in two patients, c.412G > A (p.Ala138Thr) in five patients, and c.978 T > G (p.Asp326Glu) in one patient. Genome analysis of unaffected parents confirmed that these PMAT mutations were not de novo but inherited mutations. Upon analyzing over 15,000 normal control chromosomes, only SLC29A4 c.86A > G was found in 23 alleles (0.14%), while neither c.412G > A (<0.007%) nor c.978 T > G (<0.007%) were observed in all chromosomes analyzed, emphasizing the rareness of the three alterations. Expression of mutations PMAT-p.Ala138Thr and p.Asp326Glu in cellulae revealed significant reduced transport uptake activity towards a variety of substrates including serotonin, dopamine, and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), while mutation p.Asp29Gly had reduced transport activity only towards MPP+. At least two ASD subjects with either the PMAT-Ala138Thr or the PMAT-Asp326Glu mutation with altered serotonin transport activity had, besides low 5HIAA in CSF, elevated serotonin levels in blood and platelets. Moreover, whole exome sequencing revealed additional alterations in these two ASD patients in mainly serotonin-homeostasis genes compared to their non-affected family members. Conclusions Our findings link mutations in SLC29A4 to the ASD population although not invariably to low brain serotonin. PMAT dysfunction is speculated to raise serotonin prenatally, exerting a negative feedback inhibition through serotonin receptors on development of serotonin networks and local serotonin synthesis. Exome sequencing of serotonin homeostasis genes in two families illustrated more insight in aberrant serotonin signaling in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Adamsen
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zürich, Zürich 8032, Switzerland.,Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich (ZNZ), Zürich 8000, and the Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Ramaekers
- Centre of Autism Liège and Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Horace Tb Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, USA
| | - Corinne Britschgi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zürich Zürich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Rüfenacht
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zürich, Zürich 8032, Switzerland
| | - David Meili
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zürich Zürich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Elise Bobrowski
- University Clinics of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zürich 8050, Switzerland
| | - Paule Philippe
- Centre of Autism Liège and Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Caroline Nava
- Department of Genetics, Cytogenetics and human Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris 75651, France
| | | | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, ETH Zürich/University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland.,current address: Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern/Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- University Clinics of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zürich 8050, Switzerland.,Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich (ZNZ), Zürich 8000, Switzerland.,Affiliated with the Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich 8000, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, USA
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- University Clinics of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zürich 8050, Switzerland.,Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich (ZNZ), Zürich 8000, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zürich, Zürich 8032, Switzerland.,Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich (ZNZ), Zürich 8000, and the Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich 8032, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zürich Zürich 8032, Switzerland.,Affiliated with the Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich 8000, Switzerland
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Klein A, Ultved L, Adamsen D, Santini M, Tobeña A, Fernandez-Teruel A, Flores P, Moreno M, Cardona D, Knudsen G, Aznar S, Mikkelsen J. 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptor binding levels are related to differences in impulsive behavior in the Roman Low- (RLA) and High- (RHA) avoidance rat strains. Neuroscience 2014; 263:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Adamsen D, Ramaekers V, Bruggmann R, Ho H, Wang J, Thöny B. 3.072 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BRAIN SEROTONIN AND MUTATIONS IN THE SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER SLC29A 4 AND IN SEROTONIN RELATED GENES. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Adamsen D, Meili D, Blau N, Thöny B, Ramaekers V. Autism associated with low 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in CSF and the heterozygous SLC6A4 gene Gly56Ala plus 5-HTTLPR L/L promoter variants. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 102:368-73. [PMID: 21183371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The known Gly56Ala mutation in the serotonin transporter SERT (or 5-HTT), encoded by the SLC6A4 gene, causes increased serotonin reuptake and has been associated with autism and rigid-compulsive behavior. We report a patient with macrocephaly from birth, followed by hypotonia, developmental delay, ataxia and a diagnosis of atypical autism (PDD-NOS) in retrospect at the age of 4½years. Low levels of the serotonin end-metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) in CSF were detected, and SLC6A4 gene analysis revealed the heterozygous Gly56Ala alteration and the homozygous 5-HTTLPR L/L promoter variant. These changes are reported to be responsible for elevated SERT activity and expression, suggesting that these alterations were responsible in our patient for low serotonin turnover in the central nervous system (CNS). Daily treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan (and carbidopa) led to clinical improvement and normalization of 5HIAA, implying that brain serotonin turnover normalized. We speculate that the mutated 56Ala SERT transporter with elevated expression and basal activity for serotonin re-uptake is accompanied with serotonin accumulation within pre-synaptic axons and their vesicles in the CNS, resulting in a steady-state of lowered serotonin turnover and degradation by monoamine-oxidase (MAO) enzymes in pre-synaptic or neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Adamsen
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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