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Lancione M, Cencini M, Scaffei E, Cipriano E, Buonincontri G, Schulte RF, Pirkl CM, Buchignani B, Pasquariello R, Canapicchi R, Battini R, Biagi L, Tosetti M. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting-based myelin water fraction mapping for the assessment of white matter maturation and integrity in typical development and leukodystrophies. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5114. [PMID: 38390667 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A quantitative biomarker for myelination, such as myelin water fraction (MWF), would boost the understanding of normative and pathological neurodevelopment, improving patients' diagnosis and follow-up. We quantified the fraction of a rapidly relaxing pool identified as MW using multicomponent three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) to evaluate white matter (WM) maturation in typically developing (TD) children and alterations in leukodystrophies (LDs). We acquired DTI and 3D MRF-based R1, R2 and MWF data of 15 TD children and 17 LD patients (9 months-12.5 years old) at 1.5 T. We computed normative maturation curves in corpus callosum and corona radiata and performed WM tract profile analysis, comparing MWF with R1, R2 and fractional anisotropy (FA). Normative maturation curves demonstrated a steep increase for all tissue parameters in the first 3 years of age, followed by slower growth for MWF while R1, R2R2 and FA reached a plateau. Unlike FA, MWF values were similar for regions of interest (ROIs) with different degrees of axonal packing, suggesting independence from fiber bundle macro-organization and higher myelin specificity. Tract profile analysis indicated a specific spatial pattern of myelination in the major fiber bundles, consistent across subjects. LD were better distinguished from TD by MWF rather than FA, showing reduced MWF with respect to age-matched controls in both ROI-based and tract analysis. In conclusion, MRF-based MWF provides myelin-specific WM maturation curves and is sensitive to alteration due to LDs, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for WM disorders. As MRF allows fast simultaneous acquisition of relaxometry and MWF, it can represent a valuable diagnostic tool to study and follow up developmental WM disorders in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Cencini
- Pisa Division, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Cipriano
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberta Battini
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Lee J, Ji S, Oh SH. So You Want to Image Myelin Using MRI: Magnetic Susceptibility Source Separation for Myelin Imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 2024:rev.2024-0001. [PMID: 38644201 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2024-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In MRI, researchers have long endeavored to effectively visualize myelin distribution in the brain, a pursuit with significant implications for both scientific research and clinical applications. Over time, various methods such as myelin water imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, and relaxometric imaging have been developed, each carrying distinct advantages and limitations. Recently, an innovative technique named as magnetic susceptibility source separation has emerged, introducing a novel surrogate biomarker for myelin in the form of a diamagnetic susceptibility map. This paper comprehensively reviews this cutting-edge method, providing the fundamental concepts of magnetic susceptibility, susceptibility imaging, and the validation of the diamagnetic susceptibility map as a myelin biomarker that indirectly measures myelin content. Additionally, the paper explores essential aspects of data acquisition and processing, offering practical insights for readers. A comparison with established myelin imaging methods is also presented, and both current and prospective clinical and scientific applications are discussed to provide a holistic understanding of the technique. This work aims to serve as a foundational resource for newcomers entering this dynamic and rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooyeon Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hong Oh
- Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea
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Raturi AK, Narayanan SS, Jena SPK. Performance monitoring and error detection: The role of mid frontal theta and error-related negativity (ERN) among Indian adolescents from different socioeconomic background. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38557246 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2024.2333809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and executive functioning, focusing specifically on performance monitoring, error detection, and their association with mid-frontal theta and error-related negativity (ERN). Employing the widely used flanker task, the research involved two phases with participants aged 10-16 years (15 individuals in the pilot phase and 35 in the second phase). Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from distinct brain regions were analyzed during various conditions. The study revealed a notable increase in both absolute and relative theta power at Fcz during the flanker task, with a stronger effect observed during incorrect trials. Furthermore, it underscored the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on mid-frontal theta, highlighting interactions between SES, gender, and experimental conditions impacting both absolute and relative theta. Intriguingly, the research disclosed a positive correlation between parental occupation and error-related negativity (ERN), as well as between age and ERN. These findings underscore the significance of SES, gender, and age in shaping the neural mechanisms associated with performance monitoring and executive functions. The study contributes valuable insights into the intricate interplay between socio-demographic factors and cognitive processes, shedding light on their impact on goal-directed behaviors and brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S P K Jena
- Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Woo JJ, Vidhani FR, Zhang YB, Olsen RJ, Nawabi DH, Fitz W, Chen AF, Iorio R, Ramkumar PN. Who Are the Anatomic Outliers Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Computed Tomography-Based Analysis of the Hip-Knee-Ankle Axis Across 1,352 Preoperative Computed Tomographies Using a Deep Learning and Computer Vision-Based Pipeline. J Arthroplasty 2024:S0883-5403(24)00268-7. [PMID: 38548237 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissatisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) ranges from 15 to 30%. While patient selection may be partially responsible, morphological and reconstructive challenges may be determinants. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans for TKA planning allow us to evaluate the hip-knee-ankle axis and establish a baseline phenotypic distribution across anatomic parameters. The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to establish the distributions of 27 parameters in a pre-TKA cohort and perform threshold analysis to identify anatomic outliers. METHODS There were 1,352 pre-TKA CTs that were processed. A 2-step deep learning pipeline of classification and segmentation models identified landmark images and then generated contour representations. We used an open-source computer vision library to compute measurements for 27 anatomic metrics along the hip-knee axis. Normative distribution plots were established, and thresholds for the 15th percentile at both extremes were calculated. Metrics falling outside the central 70th percentile were considered outlier indices. A threshold analysis of outlier indices against the proportion of the cohort was performed. RESULTS Significant variation exists in pre-TKA anatomy across 27 normally distributed metrics. Threshold analysis revealed a sigmoid function with a critical point at 9 outlier indices, representing 31.2% of subjects as anatomic outliers. Metrics with the greatest variation related to deformity (tibiofemoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, lateral distal femoral angle), bony size (tibial width, anteroposterior femoral size, femoral head size, medial femoral condyle size), intraoperative landmarks (posterior tibial slope, transepicondylar and posterior condylar axes), and neglected rotational considerations (acetabular and femoral version, femoral torsion). CONCLUSIONS In the largest non-industry database of pre-TKA CTs using a fully automated 3-stage deep learning and computer vision-based pipeline, marked anatomic variation exists. In the pursuit of understanding the dissatisfaction rate after TKA, acknowledging that 31% of patients represent anatomic outliers may help us better achieve anatomically personalized TKA, with or without adjunctive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Woo
- Brown University/The Warren Alpert School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Faizaan R Vidhani
- Brown University/The Warren Alpert School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yibin B Zhang
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reena J Olsen
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Danyal H Nawabi
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Wolfgang Fitz
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Iorio
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's, Boston, Massachusetts
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Dreha-Kulaczewski S, Sahoo P, Preusse M, Gkalimani I, Dechent P, Helms G, Hofer S, Steinfeld R, Gärtner J. Folate receptor α deficiency - Myelin-sensitive MRI as a reliable biomarker to monitor the efficacy and long-term outcome of a new therapeutic approach. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:387-403. [PMID: 38200656 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral folate transport deficiency, caused by a genetic defect in folate receptor α, is a devastating neurometabolic disorder that, if untreated, leads to epileptic encephalopathy, psychomotor decline and hypomyelination. Currently, there are limited data on effective dosage and duration of treatment, though early diagnosis and therapy with folinic acid appears critical. The aim of this long-term study was to identify new therapeutic approaches and novel biomarkers for assessing efficacy, focusing on myelin-sensitive MRI. Clinical, biochemical, structural and quantitative MRI parameters of seven patients with genetically confirmed folate receptor α deficiency were acquired over 13 years. Multimodal MRI approaches comprised MR-spectroscopy (MRS), magnetization transfer (MTI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences. Patients started oral treatment immediately following diagnosis or in an interval of up to 2.5 years. Escalation to intravenous and intrathecal administration was performed in the absence of effects. Five patients improved, one with a presymptomatic start of therapy remained symptom-free, and one with inconsistent treatment deteriorated. While CSF 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and MRS parameters normalized immediately after therapy initiation, myelin-sensitive MTI and DTI measures correlated with gradual clinical improvement and ongoing myelination under therapy. Early initiation of treatment at sufficient doses, considering early intrathecal applications, is critical for favorable outcome. The majority of patients showed clinical improvements that correlated best with MTI parameters, allowing individualized monitoring of myelination recovery. Presymptomatic therapy seems to ensure normal development and warrants newborn screening. Furthermore, the quantitative parameters of myelin-sensitive MRI for therapy assessments can now be used for hypomyelination disorders in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Dreha-Kulaczewski
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Prativa Sahoo
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Preusse
- Kinderkrankenhaus Amsterdamer Strasse, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Köln, Germany
| | - Irini Gkalimani
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gunther Helms
- Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine Hofer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Steinfeld
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Wijeakumar S, Forbes SH, Magnotta VA, Deoni S, Jackson K, Singh VP, Tiwari M, Kumar A, Spencer JP. Stunting in infancy is associated with atypical activation of working memory and attention networks. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:2199-2211. [PMID: 37884677 PMCID: PMC10730391 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Stunting is associated with poor long-term cognitive, academic and economic outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which stunting impacts cognition in early development remain unknown. In a first-ever neuroimaging study conducted on infants from rural India, we demonstrate that stunting impacts a critical, early-developing cognitive system-visual working memory. Stunted infants showed poor visual working memory performance and were easily distractible. Poor performance was associated with reduced engagement of the left anterior intraparietal sulcus, a region involved in visual working memory maintenance and greater suppression in the right temporoparietal junction, a region involved in attentional shifting. When assessed one year later, stunted infants had lower problem-solving scores, while infants of normal height with greater left anterior intraparietal sulcus activation showed higher problem-solving scores. Finally, short-for-age infants with poor physical growth indices but good visual working memory performance showed more positive outcomes suggesting that intervention efforts should focus on improving working memory and reducing distractibility in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sean Deoni
- Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Discovery & Tools, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, New England Pediatric Institute of Neurodevelopment, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kiara Jackson
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | - John P Spencer
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhu S, Pan H, Ding C, Xu M. Analysis of Growth Trajectories and Verification of Related SNPs in Populus deltoides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16192. [PMID: 38003382 PMCID: PMC10670923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important timber genus with high economic and ecological values, Populus is a model for dissecting the genetic architecture of growth traits in perennial forest trees. However, the genetic mechanisms of longitudinal growth traits in poplar remain incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted longitudinal genetic analysis of height and diameter at breast height (DBH) in eleven-year poplar clones using ultra-deep sequencing datasets. We compared four S-shaped growth models, including asymptotic, Gompertz, logistic, and Richard, on eleven-year height and DBH records in terms of five metrics. We constructed the best-fitting growth model (Richard) and determined poplar ontogenetic stages by virtue of growth curve fitting and likelihood ratio testing. This study provides some scientific clues for temporal variation of longitudinal growth traits in Populus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.W.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Zesen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.W.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Sheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.W.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Huixin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.W.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.W.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
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Schneider N, Hartweg M, O’Regan J, Beauchemin J, Redman L, Hsia DS, Steiner P, Carmichael O, D’Sa V, Deoni S. Impact of a Nutrient Formulation on Longitudinal Myelination, Cognition, and Behavior from Birth to 2 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4439. [PMID: 37892514 PMCID: PMC10610069 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Observation studies suggest differences in myelination in relation to differences in early life nutrition. This two-center randomized controlled trial investigates the effect of a 12-month nutritional intervention on longitudinal changes in myelination, cognition, and behavior. Eighty-one full-term, neurotypical infants were randomized into an investigational (N = 42) or a control group (N = 39), receiving higher versus lower levels of a blend of nutrients. Non-randomized breastfed infants (N = 108) served as a reference group. Main outcomes were myelination (MRI), neurodevelopment (Bayley-III), social-emotional development (ASQ:SE-2), infant and toddler behavior (IBQ-R and TBAQ), and infant sleep (BISQ) during the first 2 years of life. The full analysis set comprised N = 67 infants from the randomized groups, with 81 myelin-sensitive MRI sequences. Significantly higher myelination was observed in the investigational compared to the control group at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of life, as well as significantly higher gray matter volume at 24 months, a reduced number of night awakenings at 6 months, increased day sleep at 12 months, and reduced social fearfulness at 24 months. The results suggest that brain development may be modifiable with brain- and age-relevant nutritional approaches in healthy infants and young children, which may be foundational for later learning outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schneider
- Brain Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickaël Hartweg
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Clinical Research Unit, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan O’Regan
- Nestlé Development Centre Nutrition, Askeaton, Co., RH6 0PA Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Beauchemin
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Leanne Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (O.C.)
| | - Daniel S. Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (O.C.)
| | - Pascal Steiner
- Brain Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (O.C.)
| | - Viren D’Sa
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Spinn Neuroscience, Mukilteo, WA 98275, USA
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Stellingwerff MD, Pouwels PJW, Roosendaal SD, Barkhof F, van der Knaap MS. Quantitative MRI in leukodystrophies. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103427. [PMID: 37150021 PMCID: PMC10193020 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Leukodystrophies constitute a large and heterogeneous group of genetic diseases primarily affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. Different disorders target different white matter structural components. Leukodystrophies are most often progressive and fatal. In recent years, novel therapies are emerging and for an increasing number of leukodystrophies trials are being developed. Objective and quantitative metrics are needed to serve as outcome measures in trials. Quantitative MRI yields information on microstructural properties, such as myelin or axonal content and condition, and on the chemical composition of white matter, in a noninvasive fashion. By providing information on white matter microstructural involvement, quantitative MRI may contribute to the evaluation and monitoring of leukodystrophies. Many distinct MR techniques are available at different stages of development. While some are already clinically applicable, others are less far developed and have only or mainly been applied in healthy subjects. In this review, we explore the background, current status, potential and challenges of available quantitative MR techniques in the context of leukodystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno D Stellingwerff
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Roosendaal
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University College London, Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, UK
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Drobyshevsky A, Synowiec S, Goussakov I, Lu J, Gascoigne D, Aksenov DP, Yarnykh V. Temporal trajectories of normal myelination and axonal development assessed by quantitative macromolecular and diffusion MRI: Ultrastructural and immunochemical validation in a rabbit model. Neuroimage 2023; 270:119974. [PMID: 36848973 PMCID: PMC10103444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quantitative and non-invasive measures of brain myelination and maturation during development are of great importance to both clinical and translational research communities. While the metrics derived from diffusion tensor imaging, are sensitive to developmental changes and some pathologies, they remain difficult to relate to the actual microstructure of the brain tissue. The advent of advanced model-based microstructural metrics requires histological validation. The purpose of the study was to validate novel, model-based MRI techniques, such as macromolecular proton fraction mapping (MPF) and neurite orientation and dispersion indexing (NODDI), against histologically derived indexes of myelination and microstructural maturation at various stages of development. METHODS New Zealand White rabbit kits underwent serial in-vivo MRI examination at postnatal days 1, 5, 11, 18, and 25, and as adults. Multi-shell, diffusion-weighted experiments were processed to fit NODDI model to obtain estimates, intracellular volume fraction (ICVF) and orientation dispersion index (ODI). Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) maps were obtained from three source (MT-, PD-, and T1-weighted) images. After MRI sessions, a subset of animals was euthanized and regional samples of gray and white matter were taken for western blot analysis, to determine myelin basic protein (MBP), and electron microscopy, to estimate axonal, myelin fractions and g-ratio. RESULTS MPF of white matter regions showed a period of fast growth between P5 and P11 in the internal capsule, with a later onset in the corpus callosum. This MPF trajectory was in agreement with levels of myelination in the corresponding brain region, as assessed by western blot and electron microscopy. In the cortex, the greatest increase of MPF occurred between P18 and P26. In contrast, myelin, according to MBP western blot, saw the largest hike between P5 and P11 in the sensorimotor cortex and between P11 and P18 in the frontal cortex, which then seemingly plateaued after P11 and P18 respectively. G-ratio by MRI markers decreased with age in the white matter. However, electron microscopy suggest a relatively stable g-ratio throughout development. CONCLUSION Developmental trajectories of MPF accurately reflected regional differences of myelination rate in different cortical regions and white matter tracts. MRI-derived estimation of g-ratio was inaccurate during early development, likely due to the overestimation of axonal volume fraction by NODDI due to the presence of a large proportion of unmyelinated axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Drobyshevsky
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Sylvia Synowiec
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ivan Goussakov
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Gascoigne
- Center for Basic MR Research, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Daniil P Aksenov
- Center for Basic MR Research, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vasily Yarnykh
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Schneider N, Mainardi F, Budisavljevic S, Rolands M, Deoni S. Associations between Early Life Nutrient Intakes and Brain Maturation Show Developmental Dynamics from Infancy to Toddlerhood: A Neuroimaging Observation Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:897-908. [PMID: 36931756 PMCID: PMC10196598 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin imaging has increasingly been applied to study the impact of nutrition on brain development in recent years. Although individual dynamics for nutrient intakes and myelin trajectories previously have been investigated across childhood, the longitudinal interaction between both remains unclear in typically developed children. OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to explore the developmental dynamics of nutrient-myelin interactions from infancy to early childhood using myelin imaging as a marker for brain maturation. METHODS Brain neuroimaging (1 scan per child) and dietary nutrient intake data were analyzed for 88 nutrients from 293 children (127 female, 62% White) from a longitudinal cohort study in the United States. A sliding window approach was used to investigate correlations between nutrient intakes and brain myelination over a continuous set of age windows. Image processing techniques (Sobel-filter vertical edge detection) were applied to determine age windows with unique association profiles, providing novel insight into how these relationships change with child age. RESULTS We identified 3 nutrient-myelin windows covering the age range of 1-5 y: window 1 from 6 to 20 mo with 60% positive nutrient correlations, window 2 from 20 to 30 mo with 20% positive correlations, and window 3 from 30 to 60 mo with 37% positive correlations. The windows are aligned with reported myelin and white matter dynamics that change in the first 5 y from fast and steep (window 1) to continued but slower growth (window 3), with window 2 possibly representing the inflection period. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study in typically developing children demonstrating the developmental dynamics between early life nutrient intakes and brain maturation in toddlerhood. The knowledge can be applied for identifying targeted and brain-stage-appropriate nutritional interventions for this critical stage of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schneider
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Fabio Mainardi
- Applied Data Analytics Group, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sanja Budisavljevic
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maryann Rolands
- Nutrition Science Group, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Spinn Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Behavioral-play familiarization for non-sedated magnetic resonance imaging in young children with mild traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Radiol 2023; 53:1153-1162. [PMID: 36823374 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) sustained in early childhood affects the brain at a peak developmental period and may disrupt sensitive stages of skill acquisition, thereby compromising child functioning. However, due to the challenges of collecting non-sedated neuroimaging data in young children, the consequences of mTBI on young children's brains have not been systematically studied. In typically developing preschool children (of age 3-5years), a brief behavioral-play familiarization provides an effective alternative to sedation for acquiring awake magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a time- and resource-efficient manner. To date, no study has applied such an approach for acquiring non-sedated MRI in preschool children with mTBI who may present with additional MRI acquisition challenges such as agitation or anxiety. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a brief behavioral-play familiarization for acquiring non-sedated MRI for research purposes between young children with and without mTBI, and to identify factors associated with successful MRI acquisition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preschool children with mTBI (n=13) and typically developing children (n=24) underwent a 15-minutes behavioral-play MRI familiarization followed by a 35-minutes non-sedated MRI protocol. Success rate was compared between groups, MRI quality was assessed quantitatively, and factors predicting success were documented. RESULTS Among the 37 participants, 15 typically developing children (63%) and 10 mTBI (77%) reached the MRI acquisition success criteria (i.e., completing the two first sequences). The success rate was not significantly different between groups (p=.48; 95% CI [-0.36 14.08]; Cramer's V=.15). The images acquired were of high-quality in 100% (for both groups) of the structural images, and 60% (for both groups) of the diffusion images. Factors associated with success included older child age (Β=0.73, p=.007, exp(B)=3.11, 95% CI [1.36 7.08]) and fewer parental concerns (Β=-1.56, p=.02, exp(Β)=0.21, 95% CI [0.05 0.82]) about the MRI procedure. CONCLUSION Using brief behavioral-play familiarization allows acquisition of high-quality non-sedated MRI in young children with mTBI with success rates comparable to those of non-injured peers.
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13
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Piekarski DJ, Colich NL, Ho TC. The effects of puberty and sex on adolescent white matter development: A systematic review. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101214. [PMID: 36913887 PMCID: PMC10010971 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence, the transition between childhood and adulthood, is characterized by rapid brain development in white matter (WM) that is attributed in part to rising levels in adrenal and gonadal hormones. The extent to which pubertal hormones and related neuroendocrine processes explain sex differences in WM during this period is unclear. In this systematic review, we sought to examine whether there are consistent associations between hormonal changes and morphological and microstructural properties of WM across species and whether these effects are sex-specific. We identified 90 (75 human, 15 non-human) studies that met inclusion criteria for our analyses. While studies in human adolescents show notable heterogeneity, results broadly demonstrate that increases in gonadal hormones across pubertal development are associated with macro- and microstructural changes in WM tracts that are consistent with the sex differences found in non-human animals, particularly in the corpus callosum. We discuss limitations of the current state of the science and recommend important future directions for investigators in the field to consider in order to advance our understanding of the neuroscience of puberty and to promote forward and backward translation across model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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14
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Conejero Á, Rico-Picó J, Moyano S, Hoyo Á, Rueda MR. Predicting behavioral and brain markers of inhibitory control at preschool age from early measures of executive attention. Front Psychol 2023; 14:983361. [PMID: 36935994 PMCID: PMC10018214 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.983361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibitory control (IC) is the ability to prevent prepotent responses when inappropriate. Longitudinal research on IC development has mainly focused on early childhood and adolescence, while research on IC development in the first years of life is still scarce. To address this gap in the literature, we explored the association between executive attention (EA) and elementary forms of IC in infancy and toddlerhood, with individual differences in IC later at 5 years of age. Method We conducted a five-wave longitudinal study in which children's EA and IC (n = 96) were tested at the age of 9 and 16 months and 2, 3, and 5 years. Children performed various age-appropriate EA and IC tasks in each wave, measuring inhibition of attention, endogenous control of attention, inhibition of the response, and conflict inhibition. At 5 years of age, IC was measured with a Go/No-go task while recording event-related potentials. After correlation analyses, structural equation model analyses were performed to predict IC at 5 years of age from EA and early IC measures. Results The results revealed that EA at 9 months predicted IC measures at 2 years of age. Likewise, measures of IC at 2 years predicted performance on the Go/No-go task at behavioral and neural levels. No direct association was found between EA at 9 months and IC at 5 years of age. We further observed that some EA and IC measures were not associated across time. Conclusion As we expected, EA skills in infancy and toddlerhood were related to better performance of children on IC tasks, toghether with a more mature inhibition-related brain functioning. Altogether, the results indicate that IC in early childhood could be predicted from EA and IC at 9 months and 2 years of age and suggest that the early emergence of IC relies on the development of particular EA and basic IC skills. However, some discontinuities in the longitudinal development of IC are observed in the first 5 years of life. These findings provide further support for the hierarchical model of IC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Conejero
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ángela Conejero,
| | - Josué Rico-Picó
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sebastián Moyano
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángela Hoyo
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Rosario Rueda
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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15
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Orientation dependence of R 2 relaxation in the newborn brain. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119702. [PMID: 36272671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In MRI the transverse relaxation rate, R2 = 1/T2, shows dependence on the orientation of ordered tissue relative to the main magnetic field. In previous studies, orientation effects of R2 relaxation in the mature brain's white matter have been found to be described by a susceptibility-based model of diffusion through local magnetic field inhomogeneities created by the diamagnetic myelin sheaths. Orientation effects in human newborn white matter have not yet been investigated. The newborn brain is known to contain very little myelin and is therefore expected to exhibit a decrease in orientation dependence driven by susceptibility-based effects. We measured R2 orientation dependence in the white matter of human newborns. R2 data were acquired with a 3D Gradient and Spin Echo (GRASE) sequence and fiber orientation was mapped with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We found orientation dependence in newborn white matter that is not consistent with the susceptibility-based model and is best described by a model of residual dipolar coupling. In the near absence of myelin in the newborn brain, these findings suggest the presence of residual dipolar coupling between rotationally restricted water molecules. This has important implications for quantitative imaging methods such as myelin water imaging, and suggests orientation dependence of R2 as a potential marker in early brain development.
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16
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Lewkowitz AK, Stout MJ, Carter EB, Ware CF, Jackson TL, D'Sa V, Deoni S, Odibo AO, Gopalakrishnan R, Liu J, Rouse DJ, Auerbach M, Tuuli MG. Protocol for a multicenter, double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial comparing intravenous ferric derisomaltose to oral ferrous sulfate for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: The IVIDA2 trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 123:106992. [PMID: 36368479 PMCID: PMC9729403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common during pregnancy and associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Treatment with iron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy, but the optimal delivery route is unclear. Oral iron risks has high risk of gastrointestinal side effects and low absorption. Intravenous iron is infused directly but is expensive. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists currently recommends oral iron to treat IDA in pregnancy with intravenous iron reserved as second-line therapy, if needed. This approach is associated with persistent anemia, increasing the risk of peripartum blood transfusion. We aim to provide data on optimal route of iron repletion for IDA in pregnancy. METHODS In IVIDA2, a double-blind, placebo controlled, multicenter randomized trial in the United States, 746 pregnant people with moderate-to-severe IDA (hemoglobin <10 g/dL and ferritin <30 ng/mL) at 24-28 weeks' gestation will be randomized 1:1 to either a single 1000 mg dose of intravenous ferric derisomaltose and oral placebo (1-3 times daily) or a single placebo infusion with 1-3 times daily 325 mg ferrous sulfate (65 mg elemental iron) tablet. The primary outcome is peripartum blood transfusion (blood transfusion from delivery to 7 days postpartum). Secondary outcomes include adverse medication reactions, maternal and neonatal hematologic indices, and offspring neurodevelopment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION A central ethical review board-Advarra-granted ethical approval (Pro00060930). Participating centers-Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, University of Michigan Medical Center, Washington University School of Ethics and dissemination: A central ethical review board-Advarra-granted ethical approval (Pro00060930). Participating centers-Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, University of Michigan Medical Center, Washington University School of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Lewkowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Molly J Stout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ebony B Carter
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Crystal F Ware
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tracy L Jackson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Viren D'Sa
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthony O Odibo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Riley Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dwight J Rouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael Auerbach
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Methodius G Tuuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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17
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Salas-Singh C, Morales-Bojórquez E, Aguirre-Villaseñor H. Reproductive biology of the bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus: Gonadosomatic index and its suitability for estimating length at maturity. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1119-1133. [PMID: 35869632 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe updated information on the basic reproductive biology of Sphoeroides annulatus females and potential use of the gonadosomatic index I G as input data to assess length at 50% maturity ( L 50 ) and identify the breeding season. From April 2014 to December 2015, 767 females were analysed along the north-west coast of the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Both immature and mature females were represented in the total length ( L T ), which ranged from 81 to 440 mm, and the smallest mature female was 92 mm (new record for the species). Gonadal maturity phases were assigned through histological analysis. A I G threshold value I cut was established using the lower whisker value for maturity phase spawning capable (2.06%). The monthly variation of I G supported the annual spawning seasonality, and the presence of reproductively active mature females I G ≥ I cut coincided with the observed periods with histological data and the peaks for both seasons 2014 and 2015. Also the presence of reproductively inactive I G < I cut mature females confirmed the nonreproductive season observed from January to April 2015. Estimates of L 50 were based on the cumulative proportion of reproductively active mature females: both datasets showed a 'bumpy trajectory'. Considering the functional form of data and models, a second objective was to verify if each dataset presented a simple or double sigmoid trajectory and select the most suitable model through the Akaike information criterion. For both datasets, the best fitted model was the double sigmoidal M DS , while the single sigmoidal M SS had low performance and did not have statistical support. The M DS provided a L 50 value ca. 254 mm L T for both data sets. A trade-off between the model's correct fit and a reliable L 50 value was found, but this fact is not always considered when calculating the maturity, resulting in biased parameters. Correct data fitting may seem trivial, but the consequences for the conservation of immature individuals could be dramatic, affecting the population recruitment. In conclusion, the histologically calibrated I cut was suitable for classifying females of S. annulatus into reproductively inactive or active types, with an agreement percentage of 99%. The I cut = 2.06% can be useful for subsequent studies for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salas-Singh
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Mazatlán, Mexico
| | - Enrique Morales-Bojórquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste SC. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Hugo Aguirre-Villaseñor
- Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura. Centro Regional de Investigación Acuícola y Pesquera-Mazatlán, Mazatlán, Mexico
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18
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Tsuzuki D, Taga G, Watanabe H, Homae F. Individual variability in the nonlinear development of the corpus callosum during infancy and toddlerhood: a longitudinal MRI analysis. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1995-2013. [PMID: 35396953 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human brain spends several years bootstrapping itself through intrinsic and extrinsic modulation, thus gradually developing both spatial organization and functions. Based on previous studies on developmental patterns and inter-individual variability of the corpus callosum (CC), we hypothesized that inherent variations of CC shape among infants emerge, depending on the position within the CC, along the developmental timeline. Here we used longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data from infancy to toddlerhood and investigated the area, thickness, and shape of the midsagittal plane of the CC by applying multilevel modeling. The shape characteristics were extracted using the Procrustes method. We found nonlinearity, region-dependency, and inter-individual variability, as well as intra-individual consistencies, in CC development. Overall, the growth rate is faster in the first year than in the second year, and the trajectory differs between infants; the direction of CC formation in individual infants was determined within six months and maintained to two years. The anterior and posterior subregions increase in area and thickness faster than other subregions. Moreover, we clarified that the growth rate of the middle part of the CC is faster in the second year than in the first year in some individuals. Since the division of regions exhibiting different tendencies coincides with previously reported divisions based on the diameter of axons that make up the region, our results suggest that subregion-dependent individual variability occurs due to the increase in the diameter of the axon caliber, myelination partly due to experience and axon elimination during the early developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsuzuki
- Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan. .,Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Gentaro Taga
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hama Watanabe
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Homae
- Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.,Research Center for Language, Brain and Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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19
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Schneider N, Bruchhage MMK, O'Neill BV, Hartweg M, Tanguy J, Steiner P, Mutungi G, O'Regan J, Mcsweeney S, D'Sa V, Deoni SCL. A Nutrient Formulation Affects Developmental Myelination in Term Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:823893. [PMID: 35242798 PMCID: PMC8886575 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.823893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Observational studies suggest differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants in developmental myelination, a key brain process for learning. The study aims to investigate the efficacy of a blend of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and sphingomyelin (SM) from a uniquely processed whey protein concentrate enriched in alpha-lactalbumin and phospholipids compared with a control formulation on myelination, cognitive, and behavioral development in the first 6 months of life. Methods These are 6-month results from an ongoing two-center, randomized controlled trial with a 12-month intervention period (completed for all participants). In this study, full term, neurotypical infants of both sexes (N = 81) were randomized into investigational (N = 42) or control groups (N = 39). In addition, non-randomized breast-fed children (N = 108) serve as a natural reference group. Main outcomes are myelination (MRI), cognitive (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition [Bayley-III]), social-emotional development (Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional, 2nd edition [ASQ:SE-2]), sleep (Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire [BISQ]), and safety (growth and adverse events [AEs]). Results The full analyses set comprises N = 66 infants. Significant differences in myelin structure, volume, and rate of myelination were observed in favor of the investigational myelin blend at 3 and 6 months of life. Effects were demonstrated for whole brain myelin and for cerebellar, parietal, occipital, and temporal regions, known to be functionally involved in sensory, motor, and language skills. No statistically significant differences were found for early behavior and cognition scores. Conclusions This is the first study demonstrating the efficacy of a myelin nutrient blend in well-nourished, term infants on developmental myelination, which may be foundational for later cognitive and learning outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03111927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schneider
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Nora Schneider
| | - Muriel M. K. Bruchhage
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Rhode Island Hospital, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychology, Stavanger University, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Barry V. O'Neill
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickaël Hartweg
- Clinical Research Unit, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Tanguy
- Clinical Research Unit, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steiner
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gisella Mutungi
- Nestlé Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vevey, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Viren D'Sa
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Rhode Island Hospital, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sean C. L. Deoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Rhode Island Hospital, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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20
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Lee A, Kwon OW, Jung KR, Song GJ, Yang HJ. The effects of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components on oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Distinct facilitatory roles of the non-saponin and saponin fractions, and Rb1, in proliferation, differentiation and myelination. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:104-114. [PMID: 35035243 PMCID: PMC8753459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormalities of myelin, which increases the efficiency of action potential conduction, are found in neurological disorders. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) demonstrates therapeutic efficacy against some of these conditions, however effects on oligodendrocyte (OL)s are not well known. Here, we examined the effects of KRG-derived components on development and protection of OL-lineage cells. Methods Primary OL precursor cell (OPC) cultures were prepared from neonatal mouse cortex. The protective efficacies of the KRG components were examined against inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. For in vivo function of Rb1 on myelination, after 10 days of oral gavage into adult male mice, forebrains were collected. OPC proliferation were assessed by BrdU incorporation, and differentiation and myelination were examined by qPCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry. Results The non-saponin promoted OPC proliferation, while the saponin promoted differentiation. Both processes were mediated by AKT and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. KRG extract, the saponin and non-saponin protected OPCs against oxidative stress, and both KRG extract and the saponin significantly increased the expression of the antioxidant enzyme. Among 11 major ginsenosides tested, Rb1 significantly increased OL membrane size in vitro. Moreover, Rb1 significantly increased myelin formation in adult mouse brain. Conclusion All KRG components prevented OPC deaths under oxidative stress. While non-saponin promoted proliferation, saponin fraction increased differentiation and OL membrane size. Furthermore, among all the tested ginsenosides, Rb1 showed the biggest increase in the membrane size and significantly enhanced myelination in vivo. These results imply therapeutic potentials of KRG and Rb1 for myelin-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Lee
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Wook Kwon
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwi Ryun Jung
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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21
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Li X, Zhang S, Jiang X, Zhang S, Han J, Guo L, Zhang T. Cortical development coupling between surface area and sulcal depth on macaque brains. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1013-1029. [PMID: 34989870 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal development of cerebral cortex is associated with a variety of neuronal processes and is thus critical to development of brain function and cognition. Longitudinal changes of cortical morphology and topology, such as postnatal cortical thinning and flattening have been widely studied. However, thorough and systematic investigation of such cortical change, including how to quantify it from multiple spatial directions and how to relate it to surface topology, is rarely found. In this work, based on a longitudinal macaque neuroimaging dataset, we quantified local changes in gyral white matter's surface area and sulcal depth during early development. We also investigated how these two metrics are coupled and how this coupling is linked to cortical surface topology, underlying white matter, and positions of functional areas. Semi-parametric generalized additive models were adopted to quantify the longitudinal changes of surface area (A) and sulcal depth (D), and the coupling patterns between them. This resulted in four classes of regions, according to how they change compared with global change throughout early development: slower surface area change and slower sulcal depth change (slowA_slowD), slower surface area change and faster sulcal depth change (slowA_fastD), faster surface area change and slower sulcal depth change (fastA_slowD), and faster surface area change and faster sulcal depth change (fastA_fastD). We found that cortex-related metrics, including folding pattern and cortical thickness, vary along slowA_fastD-fastA_slowD axis, and structural connection-related metrics vary along fastA_fastD-slowA_slowD axis, with which brain functional sites align better. It is also found that cortical landmarks, including sulcal pits and gyral hinges, spatially reside on the borders of the four patterns. These findings shed new lights on the relationship between cortex development, surface topology, axonal wiring pattern and brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songyao Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
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22
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Korom M, Camacho MC, Filippi CA, Licandro R, Moore LA, Dufford A, Zöllei L, Graham AM, Spann M, Howell B, Shultz S, Scheinost D. Dear reviewers: Responses to common reviewer critiques about infant neuroimaging studies. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 53:101055. [PMID: 34974250 PMCID: PMC8733260 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of adult neuroimaging relies on well-established principles in research design, imaging sequences, processing pipelines, as well as safety and data collection protocols. The field of infant magnetic resonance imaging, by comparison, is a young field with tremendous scientific potential but continuously evolving standards. The present article aims to initiate a constructive dialog between researchers who grapple with the challenges and inherent limitations of a nascent field and reviewers who evaluate their work. We address 20 questions that researchers commonly receive from research ethics boards, grant, and manuscript reviewers related to infant neuroimaging data collection, safety protocols, study planning, imaging sequences, decisions related to software and hardware, and data processing and sharing, while acknowledging both the accomplishments of the field and areas of much needed future advancements. This article reflects the cumulative knowledge of experts in the FIT’NG community and can act as a resource for both researchers and reviewers alike seeking a deeper understanding of the standards and tradeoffs involved in infant neuroimaging. The field of infant MRI is young with evolving standards. We address 20 questions that researchers commonly receive reviewers. These come from research ethics boards, grant, and manuscript reviewers. This article reflects the cumulative knowledge of experts in the FIT’NG community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Korom
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - M Catalina Camacho
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences (Neurosciences), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Courtney A Filippi
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roxane Licandro
- Institute of Visual Computing and Human-Centered Technology, Computer Vision Lab, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Computational Imaging Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alexander Dufford
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marisa Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brittany Howell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Shultz
- Division of Autism & Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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23
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Influence of Dietary Polar Lipid Supplementation on Memory and Longitudinal Brain Development. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082486. [PMID: 34444644 PMCID: PMC8398977 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar lipids, which are found in human milk, serve essential functions within biological membranes, hence their importance in brain development and cognition. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the longitudinal effects on brain macrostructural and microstructural development and recognition memory of early-life polar lipid supplementation using the translational pig model. Twenty-eight intact (i.e., not castrated) male pigs were provided either a control diet (n = 14) or the control diet supplemented with polar lipids (n = 14) from postnatal day 2 until postnatal week 4. After postnatal week 4, all animals were provided the same nutritionally-adequate diets until postnatal week 24. Pigs underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 8 longitudinal time-points to model brain macrostructural and microstructural developmental trajectories. The novel object recognition task was implemented at postnatal weeks 4 and 8 to evaluate recognition memory. Subtle differences were observed between groups in hippocampal absolute brain volumes and fractional anisotropy, and no differences in myelin water fraction developmental patterns were noted. Behavioral outcomes did not differ in recognition memory, and only minimal differences were observed in exploratory behaviors. Our findings suggest that early-life dietary supplementation of polar lipids has limited effect on brain developmental patterns, object recognition memory, and exploratory behaviors.
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Copeland A, Silver E, Korja R, Lehtola SJ, Merisaari H, Saukko E, Sinisalo S, Saunavaara J, Lähdesmäki T, Parkkola R, Nolvi S, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Tuulari JJ. Infant and Child MRI: A Review of Scanning Procedures. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:666020. [PMID: 34321992 PMCID: PMC8311184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.666020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe method to examine human brain. However, a typical MR scan is very sensitive to motion, and it requires the subject to lie still during the acquisition, which is a major challenge for pediatric scans. Consequently, in a clinical setting, sedation or general anesthesia is often used. In the research setting including healthy subjects anesthetics are not recommended for ethical reasons and potential longer-term harm. Here we review the methods used to prepare a child for an MRI scan, but also on the techniques and tools used during the scanning to enable a successful scan. Additionally, we critically evaluate how studies have reported the scanning procedure and success of scanning. We searched articles based on special subject headings from PubMed and identified 86 studies using brain MRI in healthy subjects between 0 and 6 years of age. Scan preparations expectedly depended on subject's age; infants and young children were scanned asleep after feeding and swaddling and older children were scanned awake. Comparing the efficiency of different procedures was difficult because of the heterogeneous reporting of the used methods and the success rates. Based on this review, we recommend more detailed reporting of scanning procedure to help find out which are the factors affecting the success of scanning. In the long term, this could help the research field to get high quality data, but also the clinical field to reduce the use of anesthetics. Finally, we introduce the protocol used in scanning 2 to 5-week-old infants in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, and tips for calming neonates during the scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Copeland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Silver
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu J. Lehtola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Merisaari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Saukko
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanne Sinisalo
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuire Lähdesmäki
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jetro J. Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Kovacs-Balint ZA, Payne C, Steele J, Li L, Styner M, Bachevalier J, Sanchez MM. Structural development of cortical lobes during the first 6 months of life in infant macaques. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100906. [PMID: 33465553 PMCID: PMC7815644 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mapped the developmental trajectories of cortical regions in comparison to overall brain growth in typically developing, socially-housed infant macaques. Volumetric changes of cortical brain regions were examined longitudinally between 2-24 weeks of age (equivalent to the first 2 years in humans) in 21 male rhesus macaques. Growth of the prefrontal, frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal cortices (visual and auditory) was examined using MRI and age-specific infant macaque brain atlases developed by our group. Results indicate that cortical volumetric development follows a cubic growth curve, but maturational timelines and growth rates are region-specific. Total intracranial volume (ICV) increased significantly during the first 5 months of life, leveling off thereafter. Prefrontal and temporal visual cortices showed fast volume increases during the first 16 weeks, followed by a plateau, and significant growth again between 20-24 weeks. Volume of the frontal and temporal auditory cortices increased substantially between 2-24 weeks. The parietal cortex showed a significant volume increase during the first 4 months, whereas the volume of the occipital lobe increased between 2-12 weeks and plateaued thereafter. These developmental trajectories show similarities to cortical growth in human infants, providing foundational information necessary to build nonhuman primate (NHP) models of human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Kovacs-Balint
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States
| | - C Payne
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States; Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States
| | - J Steele
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States
| | - L Li
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - M Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - J Bachevalier
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - M M Sanchez
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States.
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26
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Fil JE, Joung S, Hayes CA, Dilger RN. Influence of Rearing Environment on Longitudinal Brain Development, Object Recognition Memory, and Exploratory Behaviors in the Domestic Pig ( Sus scrofa). Front Neurosci 2021; 15:649536. [PMID: 33841090 PMCID: PMC8024486 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.649536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the last 40 years, the domestic pig has emerged as a prominent preclinical model as this species shares similarities with humans with regard to immunity, gastrointestinal physiology, and neurodevelopment. Artificial rearing of pigs provides a number of advantages over conventional rearing (i.e., true maternal care), including careful control of nutrient intake and environment conditions. Yet there remains a gap in knowledge when comparing brain development between sow-reared and artificially reared domestic pigs. Thus, our research sought to model brain development and assess recognition memory in a longitudinal manner by directly comparing rearing environments. Methods Forty-four intact (i.e., not castrated) male pigs were artificially reared or sow-reared from postnatal day 2 until postnatal week 4. After postnatal week 4, all pigs were housed in a group setting within the same environment until postnatal week 24. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on pigs at 8 longitudinal time-points to model developmental trajectories of brain macrostructural and microstructural outcomes. Additionally, pigs behavior were tested using the novel object recognition task at postnatal weeks 4 and 8. Results Throughout the 24-week study, no differences between rearing groups were noted in weekly body weights, average growth and feed intake patterns, or feed efficiency. Whole brain, gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid growth patterns also did not differ between pigs assigned to different early-life rearing environments. Moreover, minimal differences in regional absolute volumes and fractional anisotropy developmental trajectories were identified, though artificially reared pigs exhibited higher initial rates of myelination in multiple brain regions compared with sow-reared pigs. Furthermore, behavioral assessment at both PNW 4 and 8 suggested little influence of rearing environment on recognition memory, however, an age-dependent increase in object recognition memory was observed in the sow-reared group. Conclusion Our findings suggest that early-life rearing environment influences the rate of development in some brain regions but has little influence on overall brain growth and object recognition memory and exploratory behaviors in the domestic pig. Artificial rearing may promote maturation in certain brain areas but does not appear to elicit long-term effects in outcomes including brain structure or object recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Fil
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sangyun Joung
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Courtney A Hayes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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27
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Depresión Infanto-Juvenil y exposición temprana a la violencia. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2021. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo conocer las aproximaciones teóricas de la depresión en el curso de vida infanto juvenil, a partir de la exposición temprana a situaciones de violencia, en tanto los procesos de mielinización se obstruyen, en la medida en que en los primeros años de vida, se es víctima de violencia, influyendo esto directamente en alteraciones, cognitivas, comportamentales y emocionales. Resulta del interés en conocer los avances de las disciplinas, las metodologías, las categorías y las preguntas que están motivando a los investigadores sobre el la depresión como síntoma arraigado en la violencia, hoy. El análisis de la información fue desarrollada a través del estado del arte que constaba de 8 (ocho) ítems y 50 (cincuenta) filas, con el fin de ordenar y categorizar la información a partir de conceptos relacionales. Las perspectivas disciplinares indagadas en esta revisión son la Psicología, la psiquiatría, la neuropsicología y las ciencias sociales. Las principales categorías indagadas por los autores son: mielinización, violencia infantil, depresión, consecuencias Neuropsicológicas y emocionales de la violencia. Las preguntas que formulan los investigadores se ubican en cuatro campos: procesos neurobiológicos, violencia y maltrato infantil, pautas de crianza, depresión infanto juvenil, y trastornos comportamentales, emocionales y cognitivos. Por los resultados obtenidos, se identificó que los problemas cardinales abordados en las investigaciones son, la violencia intrafamiliar, las pautas de crianza como uno de los ejes articuladores, y la depresión infanto juvenil.
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28
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Aggarwal N, Moody JF, Dean DC, Tromp DPM, Kecskemeti SR, Oler JA, Alexander AL, Kalin NH. Spatiotemporal dynamics of nonhuman primate white matter development during the first year of life. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117825. [PMID: 33549752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) development early in life is a critical component of brain development that facilitates the coordinated function of neuronal pathways. Additionally, alterations in WM have been implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders, including psychiatric disorders. Because of the need to understand WM development in the weeks immediately following birth, we characterized changes in WM microstructure throughout the postnatal macaque brain during the first year of life. This is a period in primates during which genetic, developmental, and environmental factors may have long-lasting impacts on WM microstructure. Studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs) are particularly valuable as a model for understanding human brain development because of their evolutionary relatedness to humans. Here, 34 rhesus monkeys (23 females, 11 males) were imaged longitudinally at 3, 7, 13, 25, and 53 weeks of age with T1-weighted (MPnRAGE) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). With linear mixed-effects (LME) modeling, we demonstrated robust logarithmic growth in FA, MD, and RD trajectories extracted from 18 WM tracts across the brain. Estimated rate of change curves for FA, MD, and RD exhibited an initial 10-week period of exceedingly rapid WM development, followed by a precipitous decline in growth rates. K-means clustering of raw DTI trajectories and rank ordering of LME model parameters revealed distinct posterior-to-anterior and medial-to-lateral gradients in WM maturation. Finally, we found that individual differences in WM microstructure assessed at 3 weeks of age were significantly related to those at 1 year of age. This study provides a quantitative characterization of very early WM growth in NHPs and lays the foundation for future work focused on the impact of alterations in early WM developmental trajectories in relation to human psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Aggarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States.
| | - Jason F Moody
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, United States; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Do P M Tromp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - Steve R Kecskemeti
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jonathan A Oler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - Andy L Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Ned H Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
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29
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Myelin development in visual scene-network tracts beyond late childhood: A multimethod neuroimaging study. Cortex 2021; 137:18-34. [PMID: 33588130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The visual scene-network-comprising the parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), and occipital place area (OPA)-shows a prolonged functional development. Structural development of white matter that underlies the scene-network has not been investigated despite its potential influence on scene-network function. The key factor for white matter maturation is myelination. However, research on myelination using the gold standard method of post-mortem histology is scarce. In vivo alternatives diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and myelin water imaging (MWI) so far report broad-scale findings that prohibit inferences concerning the scene-network. Here, we combine MWI, DWI tractography, and fMRI to investigate myelination in scene-network tracts in middle childhood, late childhood, and adulthood. We report increasing myelin from middle childhood to adulthood in right PPA-OPA, and trends towards increases in the left and right RSC-OPA tracts. Investigating tracts to regions highly connected with the scene-network, such as early visual cortex and the hippocampus, did not yield any significant age group differences. Our findings indicate that structural development coincides with functional development in the scene-network, possibly enabling structure-function interactions.
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30
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Raper J, Chahroudi A. Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Adverse Neurodevelopment after Postnatal Zika Virus Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6010010. [PMID: 33445671 PMCID: PMC7838975 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the Zika virus (ZIKV) typically causes mild or no symptoms in adults, during the 2015−2016 outbreak, ZIKV infection in pregnancy resulted in a spectrum of diseases in infants, including birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders identified in childhood. While intense clinical and basic science research has focused on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of prenatal ZIKV infection, less is known about the consequences of infection during early life. Considering the neurotropism of ZIKV and the rapidly-developing postnatal brain, it is important to understand how infection during infancy may disrupt neurodevelopment. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding early postnatal ZIKV infection. Emerging clinical evidence supports the hypothesis that ZIKV infection during infancy can result in negative neurologic consequences. However, clinical data regarding postnatal ZIKV infection in children are limited; as such, animal models play an important role in understanding the potential complications of ZIKV infection related to the vulnerable developing brain. Preclinical data provide insight into the potential behavioral, cognitive, and motor domains that clinical studies should examine in pediatric populations exposed to ZIKV during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Raper
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
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31
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Zhang YD, Dong Z, Wang SH, Yu X, Yao X, Zhou Q, Hu H, Li M, Jiménez-Mesa C, Ramirez J, Martinez FJ, Gorriz JM. Advances in multimodal data fusion in neuroimaging: Overview, challenges, and novel orientation. AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON INFORMATION FUSION 2020; 64:149-187. [PMID: 32834795 PMCID: PMC7366126 DOI: 10.1016/j.inffus.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal fusion in neuroimaging combines data from multiple imaging modalities to overcome the fundamental limitations of individual modalities. Neuroimaging fusion can achieve higher temporal and spatial resolution, enhance contrast, correct imaging distortions, and bridge physiological and cognitive information. In this study, we analyzed over 450 references from PubMed, Google Scholar, IEEE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and various sources published from 1978 to 2020. We provide a review that encompasses (1) an overview of current challenges in multimodal fusion (2) the current medical applications of fusion for specific neurological diseases, (3) strengths and limitations of available imaging modalities, (4) fundamental fusion rules, (5) fusion quality assessment methods, and (6) the applications of fusion for atlas-based segmentation and quantification. Overall, multimodal fusion shows significant benefits in clinical diagnosis and neuroscience research. Widespread education and further research amongst engineers, researchers and clinicians will benefit the field of multimodal neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Zhang
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhengchao Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shui-Hua Wang
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- School of Architecture Building and Civil engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
- School of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Xujing Yao
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
- School of Internet of Things, Hohai University, Changzhou, China
| | - Carmen Jiménez-Mesa
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramirez
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Martinez
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Gorriz
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21TN, UK
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Remer J, Dean DC, Chen K, Reiman RA, Huentelman MJ, Reiman EM, Deoni SCL. Longitudinal white matter and cognitive development in pediatric carriers of the apolipoprotein ε4 allele. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117243. [PMID: 32822813 PMCID: PMC7779366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated cross-sectional differences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of white matter myelin and gray matter in infants with or without the apolipoprotein ε4 allele, a major genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we sought to compare longitudinal MRI white matter myelin and cognitive-behavioral changes in infants and young children with and without this allele. Serial MRI and cognitive tests were obtained on 223 infants and young children, including 74 ε4 carriers and 149 non-carriers, 2–68 months of age, matched for age, gestational duration, birth weight, sex ratio, maternal age, education, and socioeconomic status. Automated brain mapping algorithms and non-linear mixed models were used to characterize and compare trajectories of white matter myelin and cognitive-behavioral test scores. The APOE ε4 carriers had statistically significant differences in white matter myelin development, in the uncinate fasciculus, temporal lobe, internal capsule and occipital lobe. Additionally, ε4 carriers had a slightly greater rate of development in early learning composite a surrogate measure of IQ representative of expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, and visual skills, but displayed slightly lower non verbal development quotient scores a composite measure of fine motor and visual skills across the entire age range. This study supports the possibility that ε4 carriers have slightly altered rates of white matter and cognitive development in childhood. It continues to raise questions about the role of APOE in human brain development and the relevance of these developmental differences to the predisposition to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Remer
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence RI, USA.
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705 USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 5305 USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson and Phoenix AZ, USA; Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca A Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson and Phoenix AZ, USA; Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sean C L Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence RI, USA; Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Discovery and Tools, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Seattle WA, USA
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Piredda GF, Hilbert T, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Pizzolato M, von Deuster C, Meuli R, Pfeuffer J, Daducci A, Thiran JP, Kober T. Fast and high-resolution myelin water imaging: Accelerating multi-echo GRASE with CAIPIRINHA. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:209-222. [PMID: 32720406 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although several MRI methods have been explored to achieve in vivo myelin quantification, imaging the whole brain in clinically acceptable times and sufficiently high resolution remains challenging. To address this problem, this work investigates the acceleration of multi-echo T2 acquisitions based on the multi-echo gradient and spin echo (GRASE) sequence using CAIPIRINHA undersampling and adapted k-space reordering patterns. METHODS A prototype multi-echo GRASE sequence supporting CAIPIRINHA parallel imaging was implemented. Multi-echo T2 data were acquired from 12 volunteers using the implemented sequence (1.6 × 1.6 × 1.6 mm3 , 84 slices, acquisition time [TA] = 10:30 min) and a multi-echo spin echo (MESE) sequence as reference (1.6 × 1.6 × 3.2 mm3 , single-slice, TA = 5:41 min). Myelin water fraction (MWF) maps derived from both acquisitions were compared via correlation and Bland-Altman analyses. In addition, scan-rescan datasets were acquired to evaluate the repeatability of the derived maps. RESULTS Resulting maps from the MESE and multi-echo GRASE sequences were found to be correlated (r = 0.83). The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean bias of -0.2% (P = .24) with the limits of agreement ranging from -3.7% to 3.3%. The Pearson's correlation coefficient among MWF values obtained from the scan-rescan datasets was found to be 0.95 and the mean bias equal to 0.11% (P = .32), indicating good repeatability of the retrieved maps. CONCLUSION By combining a 3D multi-echo GRASE sequence with CAIPIRINHA sampling, whole-brain MWF maps were obtained in 10:30 min with 1.6 mm isotropic resolution. The good correlation with conventional MESE-based maps demonstrates that the implemented sequence may be a promising alternative to time-consuming MESE acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Franco Piredda
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom Hilbert
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erick Jorge Canales-Rodríguez
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Pizzolato
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Constantin von Deuster
- Siemens Healthcare AG, Zurich, Switzerland
- SCMI, Swiss Center for Musculoskeletal Imaging, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Meuli
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josef Pfeuffer
- Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Thiran
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kovacs-Balint Z, Feczko E, Pincus M, Earl E, Miranda-Dominguez O, Howell B, Morin E, Maltbie E, Li L, Steele J, Styner M, Bachevalier J, Fair D, Sanchez M. Early Developmental Trajectories of Functional Connectivity Along the Visual Pathways in Rhesus Monkeys. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3514-3526. [PMID: 30272135 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early social interactions shape the development of social behavior, although the critical periods or the underlying neurodevelopmental processes are not completely understood. Here, we studied the developmental changes in neural pathways underlying visual social engagement in the translational rhesus monkey model. Changes in functional connectivity (FC) along the ventral object and motion pathways and the dorsal attention/visuo-spatial pathways were studied longitudinally using resting-state functional MRI in infant rhesus monkeys, from birth through early weaning (3 months), given the socioemotional changes experienced during this period. Our results revealed that (1) maturation along the visual pathways proceeds in a caudo-rostral progression with primary visual areas (V1-V3) showing strong FC as early as 2 weeks of age, whereas higher-order visual and attentional areas (e.g., MT-AST, LIP-FEF) show weak FC; (2) functional changes were pathway-specific (e.g., robust FC increases detected in the most anterior aspect of the object pathway (TE-AMY), but FC remained weak in the other pathways (e.g., AST-AMY)); (3) FC matures similarly in both right and left hemispheres. Our findings suggest that visual pathways in infant macaques undergo selective remodeling during the first 3 months of life, likely regulated by early social interactions and supporting the transition to independence from the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kovacs-Balint
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E Feczko
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - M Pincus
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E Earl
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - O Miranda-Dominguez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B Howell
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E Morin
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E Maltbie
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Steele
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Bachevalier
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Sanchez
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Weber AM, Zhang Y, Kames C, Rauscher A. Myelin water imaging and R 2* mapping in neonates: Investigating R 2* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4222. [PMID: 31846134 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
R2* relaxation provides a semiquantitative method of detecting myelin, iron and white matter fibre orientation angles. Compared with standard histogram-based analyses, angle-resolved analysis of R2* has previously been shown to substantially improve the detection of subtle differences in the brain between healthy siblings of subjects with multiple sclerosis and unrelated healthy controls. Neonates, who are born with very little myelin and iron, and an underdeveloped connectome, provide researchers with an opportunity to investigate whether R2* is intimately linked with fibre-angle or myelin content as it is in adults, which may in future studies be explored as a potential white matter developmental biomarker. Five healthy adult volunteers (mean age [±SD] = 31.2 [±8.3] years; three males) were recruited from Vancouver, Canada. Eight term neonates (mean age = 38.6 ± 1.2 weeks; five males) were recruited from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University neonatal ward. All subjects were scanned on identical 3 T Philips Achieva scanners equipped with an eight-channel SENSE head coil and underwent a multiecho gradient echo scan, a 32-direction DTI scan and a myelin water imaging scan. For both neonates and adults, bin-averaged R2* variation across the brain's white matter was found to be best explained by fibre orientation. For adults, this represented a difference in R2* values of 3.5 Hz from parallel to perpendicular fibres with respect to the main magnetic field. In neonates, the fibre orientation dependency displayed a cosine wave shape, with a small R2* range of 0.4 Hz. This minor relationship in neonates provides further evidence for the key role myelin probably plays in creating this fibre orientation dependence later in life, but suggests limited clinical application in newborn populations. Future studies should investigate fibre-orientation dependency in infants in the first 5 years, when substantial myelin development occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mark Weber
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Christian Kames
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Morris SR, Holmes RD, Dvorak AV, Liu H, Yoo Y, Vavasour IM, Mazabel S, Mädler B, Kolind SH, Li DKB, Siegel L, Beaulieu C, MacKay AL, Laule C. Brain Myelin Water Fraction and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Atlases for 9-10 Year-Old Children. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:150-160. [PMID: 32064721 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myelin water imaging (MWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provide information about myelin and axon-related brain microstructure, which can be useful for investigating normal brain development and many childhood brain disorders. While pediatric DTI atlases exist, there are no pediatric MWI atlases available for the 9-10 years old age group. As myelination and structural development occurs throughout childhood and adolescence, studies of pediatric brain pathologies must use age-specific MWI and DTI healthy control data. We created atlases of myelin water fraction (MWF) and DTI metrics for healthy children aged 9-10 years for use as normative data in pediatric neuroimaging studies. METHODS 3D-T1 , DTI, and MWI scans were acquired from 20 healthy children (mean age: 9.6 years, range: 9.2-10.3 years, 4 females). ANTs and FSL registration were used to create quantitative MWF and DTI atlases. Region of interest (ROI) analysis in nine white matter regions was used to compare pediatric MWF with adult MWF values from a recent study and to investigate the correlation between pediatric MWF and DTI metrics. RESULTS Adults had significantly higher MWF than the pediatric cohort in seven of the nine white matter ROIs, but not in the genu of the corpus callosum or the cingulum. In the pediatric data, MWF correlated significantly with mean diffusivity, but not with axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, or fractional anisotropy. CONCLUSIONS Normative MWF and DTI metrics from a group of 9-10 year old healthy children provide a resource for comparison to pathologies. The age-specific atlases are ready for use in pediatric neuroimaging research and can be accessed: https://sourceforge.net/projects/pediatric-mri-myelin-diffusion/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Morris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Adam V Dvorak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hanwen Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Youngjin Yoo
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ
| | - Irene M Vavasour
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silvia Mazabel
- Educational and Counseling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Shannon H Kolind
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David K B Li
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Linda Siegel
- Educational and Counseling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alex L MacKay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cornelia Laule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kim HG, Choi JW, Han M, Lee JH, Lee HS. Texture analysis of deep medullary veins on susceptibility-weighted imaging in infants: evaluating developmental and ischemic changes. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:2594-2603. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Poletti S, Melloni E, Mazza E, Vai B, Benedetti F. Gender-specific differences in white matter microstructure in healthy adults exposed to mild stress. Stress 2020; 23:116-124. [PMID: 31452451 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1657823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a powerful moderator of brain plasticity and may affect several physiological functions such as the endocrine and the immune system. The impact of stress can be protective or detrimental according to several factors such as level of the stressor and age of occurrence. Also, the impact may differ in males and females. We aim to analyze the effect of mild levels of early and recent stress on white matter microstructure in healthy volunteers. MRI acquisition of diffusion tensor images with a 3.0 T scanner was performed on 130 healthy subjects (71 males and 59 females). Severity of early and recent stress was rated, respectively, on the Risky Families Questionnaire and on the Schedule of Recent Experiences; subjects were divided into low stress and mild stress groups. Mild early stress associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cingulate gyrus compared to low early stress. Females reported reduced FA compared to males in the low-stress group in the internal capsule, posterior corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and sagittal stratum whereas no difference was observed in the mild stress group. An additive effect of early and recent stress was observed in posterior corona radiata, retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. The impact of early stress on WM microstructure in healthy subjects is different in males and females. While males seem to be more sensitive to early stress, an additive effect of early and recent stress manifests itself in females.Layman summaryMild levels of early stress associate with lower white matter integrity measured by fractional anisotropy.Females and males show differences in white matter integrity when exposed to low levels of early stress with females showing lower white matter integrity compared to males.No difference in white matter integrity was observed for males and females exposed to mild levels of stress.Mild stress in females is associated with higher white matter integrity.Males seem to be more sensitive to early stress while females are more affected when early stress is followed by stress in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Poletti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Melloni
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Mazza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Vai
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Bringas Vega ML, Guo Y, Tang Q, Razzaq FA, Calzada Reyes A, Ren P, Paz Linares D, Galan Garcia L, Rabinowitz AG, Galler JR, Bosch-Bayard J, Valdes Sosa PA. An Age-Adjusted EEG Source Classifier Accurately Detects School-Aged Barbadian Children That Had Protein Energy Malnutrition in the First Year of Life. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1222. [PMID: 31866804 PMCID: PMC6905178 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified an electroencephalographic (EEG) based statistical classifier that correctly distinguishes children with histories of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in the first year of life from healthy controls with 0.82% accuracy (area under the ROC curve). Our previous study achieved similar accuracy but was based on scalp quantitative EEG features that precluded anatomical interpretation. We have now employed BC-VARETA, a novel high-resolution EEG source imaging method with minimal leakage and maximal sparseness, which allowed us to identify a classifier in the source space. The EEGs were recorded in 1978 in a sample of 108 children who were 5-11 years old and were participants in the 45+ year longitudinal Barbados Nutrition Study. The PEM cohort experienced moderate-severe PEM limited to the first year of life and were age, handedness and gender-matched with healthy classmates who served as controls. In the current study, we utilized a machine learning approach based on the elastic net to create a stable sparse classifier. Interestingly, the classifier was driven predominantly by nutrition group differences in alpha activity in the lingual gyrus. This structure is part of the pathway associated with generating alpha rhythms that increase with normal maturation. Our findings indicate that the PEM group showed a significant decrease in alpha activity, suggestive of a delay in brain development. Childhood malnutrition is still a serious worldwide public health problem and its consequences are particularly severe when present during early life. Deficits during this critical period are permanent and predict impaired cognitive and behavioral functioning later in life. Our EEG source classifier may provide a functionally interpretable diagnostic technology to study the effects of early childhood malnutrition on the brain, and may have far-reaching applicability in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Bringas Vega
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yanbo Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuleah A. Razzaq
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Peng Ren
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Deirel Paz Linares
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Janina R. Galler
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jorge Bosch-Bayard
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro A. Valdes Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba
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Hunt BAE, Scratch SE, Mossad SI, Emami Z, Taylor MJ, Dunkley BT. Disrupted Visual Cortex Neurophysiology Following Very Preterm Birth. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 5:951-960. [PMID: 31706907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual regions develop rapidly in utero and throughout early childhood, but very preterm (VPT) birth can disrupt the typical maturation of primary cortices, with VPT children exhibiting mild visual impairments in early life and throughout development. This is thought to be due to dysfunctional maturation of occipital cortices. A way to readily index brain function is to examine neural oscillations; these mechanisms play a central role in the modeling and pruning of connections, providing an intrinsic temporal structure that refines the precise alignment of spiking, processing information in the brain, and coordinating networks. METHODS Using magnetoencephalography, we examined regional oscillatory patterns and functional coupling in VPT and full-term children. Five minutes of eyes-open resting-state data were acquired from 27 VPT and 32 full-term children at 8 years of age. RESULTS As hypothesized, the VPT group, when compared with control children, had elevated theta-band power, while alpha amplitude envelope coupling, a marker of connectivity, was found to be decreased. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis of spectral slowing in VPT children and more broadly suggest that the developmental arc of visual neurophysiology is disrupted by VPT birth. We conclude that these deficits underlie difficulties in complex visual perceptual processing evident during childhood and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A E Hunt
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon E Scratch
- Holland Bloorview Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah I Mossad
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zahra Emami
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin T Dunkley
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Flood TF, Bhatt PR, Jensen A, Maloney JA, Stence NV, Mirsky DM. Age-Dependent Signal Intensity Changes in the Structurally Normal Pediatric Brain on Unenhanced T1-Weighted MR Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1824-1828. [PMID: 31601575 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Various pathologic and nonpathologic states result in brain parenchymal signal intensity changes on unenhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. However, the absence of quantitative data to characterize typical age-related signal intensity values limits evaluation. We sought to establish a range of age-dependent brain parenchymal signal intensity values on unenhanced T1WI in a sample of individuals (18 years of age or younger) with structurally normal brains. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-center retrospective study was performed. Gadolinium-naïve pediatric patients with structurally normal MR brain imaging examination findings were analyzed (n = 114; 50% female; age range, 68 days to 18 years). ROI signal intensity measurements were obtained from the globus pallidus, thalamus, dentate nucleus, pons, and frontal lobe cortex and subcortical white matter. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between signal intensity values and age. RESULTS Results demonstrated a statistically significant association between signal intensity values and linear age in all neuroanatomic areas tested, except the frontal gray matter, (P < .01). There were no statistically significant differences attributable to patient sex. CONCLUSIONS Age-dependent signal intensity values were determined on unenhanced T1WI in structurally normal pediatric brains. Increased age correlated with increased signal intensity in all brain locations, except the frontal gray matter, irrespective of sex. The biologic mechanisms underlying our results remain unclear and may be related to chronologic changes in myelin density, synaptic density, and water content. Establishing age-dependent signal intensity parameters in the structurally normal pediatric brain will help clarify developmental aberrations and enhance gadolinium-deposition research by providing an improved understanding of the confounding effect of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Flood
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.F.F., P.R.B.)
| | - P R Bhatt
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.F.F., P.R.B.)
| | - A Jensen
- Biostatistics & Informatics (A.J.), University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - J A Maloney
- Department of Radiology (J.A.M., N.V.S., D.M.M.), University of Colorado Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
| | - N V Stence
- Department of Radiology (J.A.M., N.V.S., D.M.M.), University of Colorado Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
| | - D M Mirsky
- Department of Radiology (J.A.M., N.V.S., D.M.M.), University of Colorado Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
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LeBourgeois MK, Dean DC, Deoni SCL, Kohler M, Kurth S. A simple sleep EEG marker in childhood predicts brain myelin 3.5 years later. Neuroimage 2019; 199:342-350. [PMID: 31170459 PMCID: PMC6688908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological research reveals that insufficient sleep in children has negative cognitive and emotional consequences; however, the physiological underpinnings of these observations remain understudied. We tested the hypothesis that the topographical distribution of deep sleep slow wave activity during the childhood predicts brain white matter microstructure (myelin) 3.5 y later. Healthy children underwent sleep high-density EEG at baseline (n = 13; ages 2.4-8.0 y) and follow-up (n = 14; ages 5.5-12.2 y). At follow-up, myelin (myelin water fraction) and cortical morphology were also quantified. Our investigation revealed 3 main findings. (1) The Frontal/Occipital (F/O)-ratio at baseline strongly predicted whole brain myelin at follow-up. (2) At follow-up, the F/O-ratio was only minimally (negatively) linked to brain myelin. (3) Cortical morphology was not related to the F/O-ratio, neither at baseline nor at follow-up. Our results support the hypothesis that during child development EEG markers during sleep longitudinally predict brain myelin content. Data extend previous findings reporting a link between EEG markers of sleep need and cortical morphology, by supporting the hypothesis that sleep is a necessary component to underlying processes of brain, and specifically myelin, maturation. In line with the overarching theory that sleep contributes to neurodevelopmental processes, it remains to be investigated whether chronic sleep loss negatively affects white matter myelin microstructure growth during sensitive periods of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique K LeBourgeois
- Sleep and Development Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean C L Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Laboratory, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Pulmonary Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Salome Kurth
- Pulmonary Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
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Quantitative assessment of myelination patterns in preterm neonates using T2-weighted MRI. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12938. [PMID: 31506514 PMCID: PMC6736873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is considered to be an important developmental process during human brain maturation and closely correlated with gestational age. Quantitative assessment of the myelination status requires dedicated imaging, but the conventional T2-weighted scans routinely acquired during clinical imaging of neonates carry signatures that are thought to be associated with myelination. In this work, we develop a quatitative marker of progressing myelination for assessment preterm neonatal brain maturation based on novel automatic segmentation method for myelin-like signals on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Firstly we define a segmentation protocol for myelin-like signals. We then develop an expectation-maximization framework to obtain the automatic segmentations of myelin-like signals with explicit class for partial volume voxels whose locations are configured in relation to the composing pure tissues via second-order Markov random fields. The proposed segmentation achieves high Dice overlaps of 0.83 with manual annotations. The automatic segmentations are then used to track volumes of myelinated tissues in the regions of the central brain structures and brainstem. Finally, we construct a spatio-temporal growth models for myelin-like signals, which allows us to predict gestational age at scan in preterm infants with root mean squared error 1.41 weeks.
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44
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Sphingomyelin in Brain and Cognitive Development: Preliminary Data. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0421-18.2019. [PMID: 31324675 PMCID: PMC6709232 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0421-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) supports brain myelination, a process closely associated with cognitive maturation. The presence of SM in breast milk suggests a role in infant nutrition; however, little is known about SM contribution to healthy cognitive development. We investigated the link between early life dietary SM, later cognitive development and myelination using an exploratory observational study of neurotypical children. SM levels were quantified in infant nutrition products fed in the first three months of life and associated with myelin content (brain MRI) as well as cognitive development (Mullen scales of early learning; MSEL). Higher levels of SM were significantly associated with higher rates of change in verbal development in the first two years of life (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), as well as, higher levels of myelin content at 12–24 months, delayed onset and/or more prolonged rates of myelination in different brain areas. Second, we explored mechanisms of action using in vitro models (Sprague Dawley rat pups). In vitro data showed SM treatment resulted in increased proliferation [p = 0.0133 and p = 0.0434 at 4 and 10 d in vitro (DIV)], maturation (p = 0.467 at 4 d DIV) and differentiation (p = 0.0123 and p = 0.0369 at 4 and 10 DIV) of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), as well as increased axon myelination (p = 0.0005 at 32 DIV). These findings indicate an impact of dietary SM on cognitive development in healthy children, potentially modulated by oligodendrocytes and increased axon myelination. Future research should include randomized controlled trials to substantiate efficacy of SM for cognitive benefits together with preclinical studies examining SM bioavailability and brain uptake.
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Age-Related Changes in Tissue Value Properties in Children: Simultaneous Quantification of Relaxation Times and Proton Density Using Synthetic Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Invest Radiol 2019; 53:236-245. [PMID: 29504952 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The properties of brain tissue undergo dynamic changes during maturation. T1 relaxation time (T1), T2 relaxation time (T2), and proton density (PD) are now simultaneously quantifiable within a clinically acceptable time, using a synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence. This study aimed to provide age-specific reference values for T1, T2, and PD in children, using synthetic MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 89 children (median age, 18 months; range, 34 weeks of gestational age to 17 years) who underwent quantitative MRI, using a multidynamic, multiecho sequence on 3 T MRI, between December 2015 and November 2016, and had no abnormal MRI/neurologic assessment findings. T1, T2, and PD were simultaneously measured in each of the 22 defined white matter and gray matter regions of interest. The measured values were plotted against age, and a curve fitting model that best explained the age dependence of tissue values was identified. Age-specific regional tissue values were calculated using a fit equation. RESULTS The tissue values of all brain regions, except cortical PD, decreased with increasing age, and the robust negative association was best explained by modified biexponential model of the form Tissue values = T1 × exp (-C1 × age) + T2 × exp (-C2 × age). The quality of fit to the modified biexponential model was high in white matter and deep gray matter (white matter, R = 97%-99% [T1], 88%-95% [T2], 88%-97% [PD]; deep gray matter, R = 96%-97% [T1], 96% [T2], 49%-88% [PD]; cortex, 70%-83% [T1], 87%-90% [T2], 5%-27% [PD]). The white matter and deep gray matter changed the most dynamically within the first year of life. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides age-specific regional reference values, from the neonate to adolescent, of T1, T2, and PD, which could be objective tools for assessment of normal/abnormal brain development using synthetic MRI.
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O'Muircheartaigh J, Vavasour I, Ljungberg E, Li DKB, Rauscher A, Levesque V, Garren H, Clayton D, Tam R, Traboulsee A, Kolind S. Quantitative neuroimaging measures of myelin in the healthy brain and in multiple sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2104-2116. [PMID: 30648315 PMCID: PMC6590140 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been developed as imaging biomarkers, aiming to improve the specificity of MRI to underlying pathology compared to conventional weighted MRI. For assessing the integrity of white matter (WM), myelin, in particular, several techniques have been proposed and investigated individually. However, comparisons between these methods are lacking. In this study, we compared four established myelin‐sensitive MRI techniques in 56 patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and 38 healthy controls. We used T2‐relaxation with combined GRadient And Spin Echoes (GRASE) to measure myelin water fraction (MWF‐G), multi‐component driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT) to measure MWF‐D, magnetization‐transfer imaging to measure magnetization‐transfer ratio (MTR), and T1 relaxation to measure quantitative T1 (qT1). Using voxelwise Spearman correlations, we tested the correspondence of methods throughout the brain. All four methods showed associations that varied across tissue types; the highest correlations were found between MWF‐D and qT1 (median ρ across tissue classes 0.8) and MWF‐G and MWF‐D (median ρ = 0.59). In eight WM tracts, all measures showed differences (p < 0.05) between MS normal‐appearing WM and healthy control WM, with qT1 showing the highest number of different regions (8), followed by MWF‐D and MTR (6), and MWF‐G (n = 4). Comparing the methods in terms of their statistical sensitivity to MS lesions in WM, MWF‐D demonstrated the best accuracy (p < 0.05, after multiple comparison correction). To aid future power analysis, we provide the average and standard deviation volumes of the four techniques, estimated from the healthy control sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Vavasour
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emil Ljungberg
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David K B Li
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,MS/MRI Research Group, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Roger Tam
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,MS/MRI Research Group, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony Traboulsee
- MS/MRI Research Group, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon Kolind
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,MS/MRI Research Group, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Mercer JS, Erickson-Owens DA, Deoni SCL, Dean DC, Collins J, Parker AB, Wang M, Joelson S, Mercer EN, Padbury JF. Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping on 4-Month Ferritin Levels, Brain Myelin Content, and Neurodevelopment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr 2018; 203:266-272.e2. [PMID: 30473033 PMCID: PMC6259583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether placental transfusion influences brain myelination at 4 months of age. STUDY DESIGN A partially blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted at a level III maternity hospital in the US. Seventy-three healthy term pregnant women and their singleton fetuses were randomized to either delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC, >5 minutes) or immediate clamping (ICC, <20 seconds). At 4 months of age, blood was drawn for ferritin levels. Neurodevelopmental testing (Mullen Scales of Early Learning) was administered, and brain myelin content was measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Correlations between myelin content and ferritin levels and group-wise DCC vs ICC brain myelin content were completed. RESULTS In the DCC and ICC groups, clamping time was 172 ± 188 seconds vs 28 ± 76 seconds (P < .002), respectively; the 48-hour hematocrit was 57.6% vs 53.1% (P < .01). At 4 months, infants with DCC had significantly greater ferritin levels (96.4 vs 65.3 ng/dL, P = .03). There was a positive relationship between ferritin and myelin content. Infants randomized to the DCC group had greater myelin content in the internal capsule and other early maturing brain regions associated with motor, visual, and sensory processing/function. No differences were seen between groups in the Mullen testing. CONCLUSION At 4 months, infants born at term receiving DCC had greater ferritin levels and increased brain myelin in areas important for early life functional development. Endowment of iron-rich red blood cells obtained through DCC may offer a longitudinal advantage for early white matter development. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01620008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Mercer
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI; Pediatrics, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI
| | - Debra A Erickson-Owens
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI; Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI
| | - Sean C L Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI; Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Jennifer Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI
| | - Ashley B Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI
| | - Meijia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI
| | - Sarah Joelson
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI
| | - Emily N Mercer
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI
| | - James F Padbury
- Pediatrics, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI
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Chen Y, Chen MH, Baluyot KR, Potts TM, Jimenez J, Lin W. MR fingerprinting enables quantitative measures of brain tissue relaxation times and myelin water fraction in the first five years of life. Neuroimage 2018; 186:782-793. [PMID: 30472371 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative assessments of normative brain development using MRI are of critical importance to gain insights into healthy neurodevelopment. However, quantitative MR imaging poses significant technical challenges and requires prohibitively long acquisition times, making it impractical for pediatric imaging. This is particularly relevant for healthy subjects, where imaging under sedation is not clinically indicated. MR Fingerprinting (MRF), a novel MR imaging framework, provides rapid, efficient, and simultaneous quantification of multiple tissue properties. In this study, a 2D MR Fingerprinting method was developed that achieves a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 × 3 mm3 with rapid and simultaneous quantification of T1, T2 and myelin water fraction (MWF). Phantom experiments demonstrated that accurate measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation times were achieved over a wide range of T1 and T2 values. MRF images were acquired cross-sectionally from 28 typically developing children, 0 to five years old, who were enrolled in the UNC/UMN Baby Connectome Project. Differences associated with age of R1 (=1/T1), R2 (=1/T2) and MWF were obtained from several predefined white matter regions. Both R1 and R2 exhibit a marked increase until ∼20 months of age, followed by a slower increase for all WM regions. In contrast, the MWF remains at a negligible level until ∼6 months of age for all predefined ROIs and gradually increases afterwards. Depending on the brain region, rapid increases are observed between 6 and 12 months to 6-18 months, followed by a slower pace of increase in MWF. Neither relaxivities nor MWF were significantly different between the left and right hemispheres. However, regional differences in age-related R1 and MWF measures were observed across different white matter regions. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the MRF technique holds great potential for multi-parametric assessments of normative brain development in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Departments of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Kristine R Baluyot
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Taylor M Potts
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jordan Jimenez
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Departments of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Jensen SKG, Pangelinan M, Björnholm L, Klasnja A, Leemans A, Drakesmith M, Evans CJ, Barker ED, Paus T. Associations between prenatal, childhood, and adolescent stress and variations in white-matter properties in young men. Neuroimage 2018; 182:389-397. [PMID: 29066395 PMCID: PMC5911246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that both pre- and post-natal adversities, the latter including exposures to stress during childhood and adolescence, explain variation in structural properties of white matter (WM) in the brain. While previous studies have examined effects of independent stress exposures within one developmental period, such as childhood, we examine effects of stress across development using data from a prospective longitudinal study. More specifically, we ask how stressful events during prenatal development, childhood, and adolescence relate to variation in WM properties in early adulthood in young men recruited from a birth cohort. METHOD Using data from 393 mother-son pairs from a community-based birth cohort from England (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children), we examined how stressful life events relate to variation in different structural properties of WM in the corpus callosum and across the whole brain in early adulthood in men aged 18-21 years. We distinguish between stress occurring during three developmental periods: a) prenatal maternal stress, b) postnatal stress within the first four years of life, c) stress during adolescence (age 12-16 years). To obtain a comprehensive quantification of variation in WM, we assess structural properties of WM using four different measures, namely fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and myelin water fraction (MWF). RESULTS The developmental model shows that prenatal stress is associated with lower MTR and MWF in the genu and/or splenium of the corpus callosum, and with lower MTR in global (lobar) WM. Stress during early childhood is associated with higher MTR in the splenium, and stress during adolescence is associated with higher MTR in the genu and lower MD in the splenium. We see no associations between postnatal stress and variation in global (lobar) WM. CONCLUSIONS The current study found evidence for independent effects of stress on WM properties during distinct neurodevelopmental periods. We speculate that these independent effects are due to differences in the developmental processes unfolding at different developmental time points. We suggest that associations between prenatal stress and WM properties may relate to abnormalities in neurogenesis, affecting the number and density of axons, while postnatal stress may interfere with processes related to myelination or radial growth of axons. Potential consequences of prenatal glucocorticoid exposure should be considered in obstetric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K G Jensen
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Anja Klasnja
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Drakesmith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - C J Evans
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Edward D Barker
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Child Mind Institute, New York, USA.
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Dai X, Müller HG, Wang JL, Deoni SCL. Age-dynamic networks and functional correlation for early white matter myelination. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:535-551. [PMID: 30392094 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The maturation of the myelinated white matter throughout childhood is a critical developmental process that underlies emerging connectivity and brain function. In response to genetic influences and neuronal activities, myelination helps establish the mature neural networks that support cognitive and behavioral skills. The emergence and refinement of brain networks, traditionally investigated using functional imaging data, can also be interrogated using longitudinal structural imaging data. However, few studies of structural network development throughout infancy and early childhood have been presented, likely owing to the sparse and irregular nature of most longitudinal neuroimaging data, which complicates dynamic analysis. Here, we overcome this limitation and investigate through concurrent correlation the co-development of white matter myelination and volume, and structural network development of white matter myelination between brain regions as a function of age, using statistically well-supported methods. We show that the concurrent correlation of white matter myelination and volume is overall positive and reaches a peak at 580 days. Brain regions are found to differ in overall magnitudes and patterns of time-varying association throughout early childhood. We introduce time-dynamic developmental networks based on temporal similarity of association patterns in the levels of myelination across brain regions. These networks reflect groups of brain regions that share similar patterns of evolving intra-regional connectivity, as evidenced by levels of myelination, are biologically interpretable and provide novel visualizations of brain development. Comparing the constructed networks between different maternal education groups, we found that children with higher and lower maternal education differ significantly in the overall magnitude of the time-dynamic correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongtao Dai
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Hans-Georg Müller
- Department of Statistics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jane-Ling Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sean C L Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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