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Joshi J, Yao M, Kakazu A, Ouyang Y, Duan W, Aggarwal M. Distinguishing microgliosis and tau deposition in the mouse brain using paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility source separation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.11.588962. [PMID: 38659855 PMCID: PMC11042227 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.11.588962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates in the brain. In addition to protein aggregates, microglia-mediated inflammation and iron dyshomeostasis are other pathological features observed in AD and other tauopathies. It is known that these alterations at the subcellular level occur much before the onset of macroscopic tissue atrophy or cognitive deficits. The ability to detect these microstructural changes with MRI therefore has substantive importance for improved characterization of disease pathogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility source separation has the potential to distinguish neuropathological alterations in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. 3D multi-echo gradient echo data were acquired from fixed brains of PS19 (Tau) transgenic mice and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice (n = 5 each) at 11.7 T. The multi-echo data were fit to a 3-pool complex signal model to derive maps of paramagnetic component susceptibility (PCS) and diamagnetic component susceptibility (DCS). Group-averaged signal fraction and composite susceptibility maps showed significant region-specific differences between the WT and Tau mouse brains. Significant bilateral increases in PCS and |DCS| were observed in specific hippocampal and cortical sub-regions of the Tau mice relative to WT controls. Comparison with immunohistological staining for microglia (Iba1) and phosphorylated-tau (AT8) further indicated that the PCS and DCS differences corresponded to regional microgliosis and tau deposition in the PS19 mouse brains, respectively. The results demonstrate that quantitative susceptibility source separation may provide sensitive imaging markers to detect distinct pathological alterations in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayvik Joshi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minmin Yao
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Kakazu
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuxiao Ouyang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenzhen Duan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manisha Aggarwal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chen H, Xu J, Li W, Hu Z, Ke Z, Qin R, Xu Y. The characteristic patterns of individual brain susceptibility networks underlie Alzheimer's disease and white matter hyperintensity-related cognitive impairment. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:177. [PMID: 38575556 PMCID: PMC10994911 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive iron accumulation in the brain cortex increases the risk of cognitive deterioration. However, interregional relationships (defined as susceptibility connectivity) of local brain iron have not been explored, which could provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of cognitive decline. Seventy-six healthy controls (HC), 58 participants with mild cognitive impairment due to probable Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD) and 66 participants with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) were included. We proposed a novel approach to construct a brain susceptibility network by using Kullback‒Leibler divergence similarity estimation from quantitative susceptibility mapping and further evaluated its topological organization. Moreover, sparse logistic regression (SLR) was applied to classify MCI-AD from HC and WMH with normal cognition (WMH-NC) from WMH with MCI (WMH-MCI).The altered susceptibility connectivity in the MCI-AD patients indicated that relatively more connectivity was involved in the default mode network (DMN)-related and visual network (VN)-related connectivity, while more altered DMN-related and subcortical network (SN)-related connectivity was found in the WMH-MCI patients. For the HC vs. MCI-AD classification, the features selected by the SLR were primarily distributed throughout the DMN-related and VN-related connectivity (accuracy = 76.12%). For the WMH-NC vs. WMH-MCI classification, the features with high appearance frequency were involved in SN-related and DMN-related connectivity (accuracy = 84.85%). The shared and specific patterns of the susceptibility network identified in both MCI-AD and WMH-MCI may provide a potential diagnostic biomarker for cognitive impairment, which could enhance the understanding of the relationships between brain iron burden and cognitive decline from a network perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weikai Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheqi Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Ke
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruomeng Qin
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China.
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Wang N, Maharjan S, Tsai AP, Lin PB, Qi Y, Wallace A, Jewett M, Liu F, Landreth GE, Oblak AL. Integrating multimodality magnetic resonance imaging to the Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4887. [PMID: 36454009 PMCID: PMC10106385 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affords unique image contrasts to nondestructively probe the tissue microstructure; validation of MRI findings with conventional histology is essential to better understand the MRI contrasts. However, the dramatic difference in the spatial resolution and image contrast of these two techniques impedes accurate comparison between MRI metrics and traditional histology. To better validate various MRI metrics, we acquired whole mouse brain multigradient recalled-echo and multishell diffusion MRI datasets at 25-μm isotropic resolution. The recently developed Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework (CCFv3) provides opportunities to integrate multimodal and multiscale datasets of the whole mouse brain in a common three-dimensional (3D) space. The T2*, quantitative susceptibility mapping, diffusion tensor imaging, and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging parameters were compared with both serial two-photon tomography images and 3D Nissl staining images in the CCFv3 at the same spatial resolution. The correlation between MRI and Nissl staining strongly depends on different metrics and different regions of the brain. Integrating different imaging modalities to the same space may substantially improve our understanding of the complexity of the brain at different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Surendra Maharjan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andy P. Tsai
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter B. Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yi Qi
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abigail Wallace
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Megan Jewett
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Gary E. Landreth
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Adrian L. Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Li Z, Feng R, Liu Q, Feng J, Lao G, Zhang M, Li J, Zhang Y, Wei H. APART-QSM: an improved sub-voxel quantitative susceptibility mapping for susceptibility source separation using an iterative data fitting method. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120148. [PMID: 37127191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain tissue phase contrast in MRI sequences reflects the spatial distributions of multiple substances, such as iron, myelin, calcium, and proteins. These substances with paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibilities often colocalize in one voxel in brain regions. Both opposing susceptibilities play vital roles in brain development and neurodegenerative diseases. Conventional QSM methods only provide voxel-averaged susceptibility value and cannot disentangle intravoxel susceptibilities with opposite signs. Advanced susceptibility imaging methods have been recently developed to distinguish the contributions of opposing susceptibility sources for QSM. The basic concept of separating paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility proportions is to include the relaxation rate R2* with R2' in QSM. The magnitude decay kernel, describing the proportionality coefficient between R2' and susceptibility, is an essential reconstruction coefficient for QSM separation methods. In this study, we proposed a more comprehensive complex signal model that describes the relationship between 3D GRE signal and the contributions of paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility to the frequency shift and R2* relaxation. The algorithm is implemented as a constrained minimization problem in which the voxel-wise magnitude decay kernel and sub-voxel susceptibilities are determined alternately in each iteration until convergence. The calculated voxel-wise magnitude decay kernel could realistically model the relationship between the R2' relaxation and the volume susceptibility. Thus, the proposed method effectively prevents the errors of the magnitude decay kernel from propagating to the final susceptibility separation reconstruction. Phantom studies, ex vivo macaque brain experiments, and in vivo human brain imaging studies were conducted to evaluate the ability of the proposed method to distinguish paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility sources. The results demonstrate that the proposed method provides state-of-the-art performances for quantifying brain iron and myelin compared to previous QSM separation methods. Our results show that the proposed method has the potential to simultaneously quantify whole brain iron and myelin during brain development and aging. The proposed model was also deployed with multiple-orientation complex GRE data input measurements, resulting in high-quality QSM separation maps with more faithful tissue delineation between brain structures compared to those reconstructed by single-orientation QSM separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruimin Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangqiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center Comprehensive Epilepsy Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyan Lao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Perens J, Salinas CG, Roostalu U, Skytte JL, Gundlach C, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Dahl AB, Dyrby TB. Multimodal 3D Mouse Brain Atlas Framework with the Skull-Derived Coordinate System. Neuroinformatics 2023; 21:269-286. [PMID: 36809643 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-023-09623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) are technologies that enable non-disruptive 3-dimensional imaging of whole mouse brains. A combination of complementary information from both modalities is desirable for studying neuroscience in general, disease progression and drug efficacy. Although both technologies rely on atlas mapping for quantitative analyses, the translation of LSFM recorded data to MRI templates has been complicated by the morphological changes inflicted by tissue clearing and the enormous size of the raw data sets. Consequently, there is an unmet need for tools that will facilitate fast and accurate translation of LSFM recorded brains to in vivo, non-distorted templates. In this study, we have developed a bidirectional multimodal atlas framework that includes brain templates based on both imaging modalities, region delineations from the Allen's Common Coordinate Framework, and a skull-derived stereotaxic coordinate system. The framework also provides algorithms for bidirectional transformation of results obtained using either MR or LSFM (iDISCO cleared) mouse brain imaging while the coordinate system enables users to easily assign in vivo coordinates across the different brain templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Perens
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm, Denmark.,Section for Visual Computing, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Carsten Gundlach
- Neutrons and X-rays for Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Bjorholm Dahl
- Section for Visual Computing, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim B Dyrby
- Section for Visual Computing, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kulason S, Ratnanather JT, Miller MI, Kamath V, Hua J, Yang K, Ma M, Ishizuka K, Sawa A. A comparative neuroimaging perspective of olfaction and higher-order olfactory processing: on health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:22-30. [PMID: 34462249 PMCID: PMC9900497 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is often the earliest indicator of disease in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. One tempting working hypothesis is that pathological changes in the peripheral olfactory system where the body is exposed to many adverse environmental stressors may have a causal role for the brain alteration. Whether and how the peripheral pathology spreads to more central brain regions may be effectively studied in rodent models, and there is successful precedence in experimental models for Parkinson's disease. It is of interest to study whether a similar mechanism may underlie the pathology of psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia. However, direct comparison between rodent models and humans includes challenges under light of comparative neuroanatomy and experimental methodologies used in these two distinct species. We believe that neuroimaging modality that has been the main methodology of human brain studies may be a useful viewpoint to address and fill the knowledge gap between rodents and humans in this scientific question. Accordingly, in the present review article, we focus on brain imaging studies associated with olfaction in healthy humans and patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders, and if available those in rodents. We organize this review article at three levels: 1) olfactory bulb (OB) and peripheral structures of the olfactory system, 2) primary olfactory cortical and subcortical regions, and 3) associated higher-order cortical regions. This research area is still underdeveloped, and we acknowledge that further validation with independent cohorts may be needed for many studies presented here, in particular those with human subjects. Nevertheless, whether and how peripheral olfactory disturbance impacts brain function is becoming even a hotter topic in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, given the risk of long-term changes of mental status associated with olfactory infection of SARS-CoV-2. Together, in this review article, we introduce this underdeveloped but important research area focusing on its implications in neurological and psychiatric disorders, with several pioneered publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Kulason
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Tilak Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael I Miller
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Hua
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minghong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Barbone GE, Bravin A, Mittone A, Pacureanu A, Mascio G, Di Pietro P, Kraiger MJ, Eckermann M, Romano M, Hrabě de Angelis M, Cloetens P, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Coan P. X-ray multiscale 3D neuroimaging to quantify cellular aging and neurodegeneration postmortem in a model of Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4338-4357. [PMID: 35852558 PMCID: PMC9606093 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Modern neuroimaging lacks the tools necessary for whole-brain, anatomically dense neuronal damage screening. An ideal approach would include unbiased histopathologic identification of aging and neurodegenerative disease.
Methods
We report the postmortem application of multiscale X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (X-PCI-CT) for the label-free and dissection-free organ-level to intracellular-level 3D visualization of distinct single neurons and glia. In deep neuronal populations in the brain of aged wild-type and of 3xTgAD mice (a triply-transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease), we quantified intracellular hyperdensity, a manifestation of aging or neurodegeneration.
Results
In 3xTgAD mice, the observed hyperdensity was identified as amyloid-β and hyper-phosphorylated tau protein deposits with calcium and iron involvement, by correlating the X-PCI-CT data to immunohistochemistry, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, high-field MRI, and TEM. As a proof-of-concept, X-PCI-CT was used to analyze hippocampal and cortical brain regions of 3xTgAD mice treated with LY379268, selective agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu2/3 receptors). Chronic pharmacologic activation of mGlu2/3 receptors significantly reduced the hyperdensity particle load in the ventral cortical regions of 3xTgAD mice, suggesting a neuroprotective effect with locoregional efficacy.
Conclusions
This multiscale micro-to-nano 3D imaging method based on X-PCI-CT enabled identification and quantification of cellular and sub-cellular aging and neurodegeneration in deep neuronal and glial cell populations in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease. This approach quantified the localized and intracellular neuroprotective effects of pharmacological activation of mGlu2/3 receptors.
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Tang S, Nie L, Liu X, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Pan Z, He L. Application of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Autism in Children. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:818404. [PMID: 35646984 PMCID: PMC9133426 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.818404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the application of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of autism in children. Methods Sixty autistic children aged 2–3 years and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy children participated in the study. All the children were scanned using head MRI conventional sequences, 3D-T1, diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), enhanced T2*- weighted magnetic resonance angiography (ESWAN) and 3D-pseudo continuous Arterial Spin-Labeled (3D-pcASL) sequences. The quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and brain microstructure of each brain area were compared between the groups, and correlations were analyzed. Results The iron content and cerebral blood flow in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus of the study group were lower than those in the corresponding brain areas of the control group (P < 0.05). The mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), and axial kurtosis (AK) values of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, putamen, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus in the study group were lower than those of the corresponding brain areas in the control group (P < 0.05). The mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy of kurtosis (FAK) values of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus in the control group were lower than those in the corresponding brain areas in the study group (P < 0.05). The values of CBF, QSM, and DKI in frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus could distinguish ASD children (AUC > 0.5, P < 0.05), among which multimodal technology (QSM, CBF, DKI) had the highest AUC (0.917) and DKI had the lowest AUC (0.642). Conclusion Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (including QSM, 3D-pcASL, and DKI) can detect abnormalities in the iron content, cerebral blood flow and brain microstructure in young autistic children, multimodal technology (QSM, CBF, DKI) could be considered as the first choice of imaging diagnostic technology. Clinical Trial Registration [http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchprojen.aspx], identifier [ChiCTR2000029699].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Tang
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lisha Nie
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxia Pan
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxia Pan,
| | - Ling He
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- Ling He,
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Li Q, Zhu W, Wen X, Zang Z, Da Y, Lu J. Beyond the Motor Cortex: Thalamic Iron Deposition Accounts for Disease Severity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:791300. [PMID: 35280261 PMCID: PMC8907117 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.791300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have reliably identified iron deposition in the motor cortex as potential pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we intended to investigate iron deposition, gray matter (GM) atrophy, and their associations with disease severity in the motor cortex and the thalamus in patients with ALS. Methods A total of 34 patients with ALS (age 51.31 ± 8.24 years, 23 males) and 34 nonneurological controls (age 50.96 ± 9.35 years, 19 males) were enrolled between 2018 and 2020. The Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and the Penn upper motor neuron (UMN) score were measured. MRI data included quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for iron deposition and three-dimensional (3D) T1 for gray matter volume. After a between-group comparison, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for identifying correlations of iron deposition, GM volume, and clinical measurements. Results The two-sample t-tests revealed increased iron deposition in the left precentral gyrus (peak voxel T = 4.78, PSVC = 0.03) and the thalamus (peak voxel: right: T = 6.38, PSVC < 0.001; left: T = 4.64, PSVC = 0.02) in patients with ALS. GM volume of the precentral gyrus (T = −2.42, P = 0.02) and the bilateral thalamus (T = −4.10, P < 0.001) were reduced. Negative correlations were found between the increased QSM values and the decreased GM volume (P < 0.04, one-tailed) in patients with ALS. Iron deposition in the left precentral gyrus was positively correlated with the UMN score (R = 0.40, P = 0.02) and the GM volume was negatively correlated with the UMN score (R = −0.48, P = 0.004). Negative correlation between thalamic iron deposition and the ALSFRS-R (R = −0.36, P = 0.04) score was observed. Discussion Iron deposition in the thalamus, in addition to the motor cortex, is accompanied by GM atrophy and is associated with disease severity in patients with ALS, indicating that the thalamus is also a pathological region in patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Li
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmei Wen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Da
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Lu
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Investigation of the magnetic susceptibility properties of fresh and fixed mouse heart, liver, skeletal muscle and brain tissue. Phys Med 2021; 88:37-44. [PMID: 34171574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques exploit the difference in magnetic susceptibilities between tissues, but systematic measurements of tissue susceptibility are lacking. Furthermore, there is the question as to whether chemical fixation that is used for ex vivo MRI studies, affects the magnetic properties of the tissue. Here, we determined the magnetic susceptibility and water content of fresh and chemically fixed mouse tissue. METHODS Mass susceptibility of brain, heart, liver and skeletal muscle samples were determined on a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. Measurements at 50, 125, 200 and 295 K were performed to assess the temperature dependence of susceptibility. Moreover, we measured water content of fresh and fixed samples. RESULTS All samples show mass susceptibilities between -0.068 and -1.929 × 10-8 m3/kg, compared to -9.338 × 10-9 m3/kg of double distilled water. Heart tissue has a more diamagnetic susceptibility than the other tissues. Compared to fresh tissue, fixed tissue has a less diamagnetic susceptibility. Fixed tissue was not different in water content to fresh tissue and showed no consistent dependence of susceptibility with temperature, whereas fresh tissue shows a decrease to at least 125 K, indicative of a paramagnetic component. CONCLUSIONS Biological tissues are diamagnetic in comparison to water, where the heart is more diamagnetic than the other tissues, with paramagnetic contributions. Fixation rendered tissue less diamagnetic compared to fresh tissue. Our measurements revealed differences in tissue susceptibility between VSM and QSM, inviting more research to compare susceptibility-based MRI methods with physical measurements of tissue susceptibility.
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11
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Callewaert B, Jones EAV, Himmelreich U, Gsell W. Non-Invasive Evaluation of Cerebral Microvasculature Using Pre-Clinical MRI: Principles, Advantages and Limitations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060926. [PMID: 34064194 PMCID: PMC8224283 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the cerebral microcirculation have been recognized to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact role of the microvascular alterations in the pathophysiological mechanisms often remains poorly understood. The early detection of changes in microcirculation and cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be used to get a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. This could be an important step towards the development of new treatment approaches. Animal models allow for the study of the disease mechanism at several stages of development, before the onset of clinical symptoms, and the verification with invasive imaging techniques. Specifically, pre-clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for the development and validation of MRI sequences under clinically relevant conditions. This article reviews MRI strategies providing indirect non-invasive measurements of microvascular changes in the rodent brain that can be used for early detection and characterization of neurodegenerative disorders. The perfusion MRI techniques: Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE), Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Enhanced (DSC) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL), will be discussed, followed by less established imaging strategies used to analyze the cerebral microcirculation: Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), Vascular Space Occupancy (VASO), Steady-State Susceptibility Contrast (SSC), Vessel size imaging, SAGE-based DSC, Phase Contrast Flow (PC) Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) and quantitative Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (qBOLD). We will emphasize the advantages and limitations of each strategy, in particular on applications for high-field MRI in the rodent's brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Callewaert
- Biomedical MRI Group, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 505, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.C.); (W.G.)
- CMVB, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Elizabeth A. V. Jones
- CMVB, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- CARIM, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI Group, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 505, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.C.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI Group, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 505, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.C.); (W.G.)
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12
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Petiet A. Current and Emerging MR Methods and Outcome in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:583678. [PMID: 33897339 PMCID: PMC8058186 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.583678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease characterized by massive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies, and neuroinflammation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and treatment. A variety of MR methods are available to characterize neurodegeneration and other disease features such as iron accumulation and metabolic changes in animal models of PD. This review aims at giving an overview of how those physiopathological features of PD have been investigated using various MR methods in rodent models. Toxin-based and genetic-based models of PD are first described. MR methods for neurodegeneration evaluation, iron load, and metabolism alterations are then detailed, and the main findings are provided in those models. Ultimately, future directions are suggested for neuroinflammation and neuromelanin evaluations in new animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petiet
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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13
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Chan KS, Marques JP. SEPIA-Susceptibility mapping pipeline tool for phase images. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117611. [PMID: 33309901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a physics-driven computational technique that has a high sensitivity in quantifying iron deposition based on MRI phase images. Furthermore, it has a unique ability to distinguish paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions such as haemorrhage and calcification based on image contrast. These properties have contributed to a growing interest to use QSM not only in research but also in clinical applications. However, it is challenging to obtain high quality susceptibility map because of its ill-posed nature, especially for researchers who have less experience with QSM and the optimisation of its pipeline. In this paper, we present an open-source processing pipeline tool called SuscEptibility mapping PIpeline tool for phAse images (SEPIA) dedicated to the post-processing of MRI phase images and QSM. SEPIA connects various QSM toolboxes freely available in the field to offer greater flexibility in QSM processing. It also provides an interactive graphical user interface to construct and execute a QSM processing pipeline, simplifying the workflow in QSM research. The extendable design of SEPIA also allows developers to deploy their methods in the framework, providing a platform for developers and researchers to share and utilise the state-of-the-art methods in QSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Shing Chan
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - José P Marques
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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14
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Bao L, Xiong C, Wei W, Chen Z, van Zijl PCM, Li X. Diffusion-regularized susceptibility tensor imaging (DRSTI) of tissue microstructures in the human brain. Med Image Anal 2020; 67:101827. [PMID: 33166777 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility tensor imaging (STI) has been proposed as an alternative to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for non-invasive in vivo characterization of brain tissue microstructure and white matter fiber architecture, potentially benefitting from its high spatial resolution. In spite of different biophysical mechanisms, animal studies have demonstrated white matter fiber directions measured using STI to be reasonably consistent with those from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, human brain STI is hampered by its requirement of acquiring data at more than 10 head rotations and a complicated processing pipeline. In this paper, we propose a diffusion-regularized STI method (DRSTI) that employs a tensor spectral decomposition constraint to regularize the STI solution using the fiber directions estimated by DTI as a priori. We then explore the high-resolution DRSTI with MR phase images acquired at only 6 head orientations. Compared to other STI approaches, the DRSTI generated susceptibility tensor components, mean magnetic susceptibility (MMS), magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (MSA) and fiber direction maps with fewer artifacts, especially in regions with large susceptibility variations, and with less erroneous quantifications. In addition, the DRSTI method allows us to distinguish more structural features that could not be identified in DTI, especially in deep gray matters. DRSTI enables a more accurate susceptibility tensor estimation with a reduced number of sampling orientations, and achieves better tracking of fiber pathways than previous STI attempts on in vivo human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Bao
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China.
| | - Congcong Xiong
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wenping Wei
- Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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15
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Tang S, Xu Y, Liu X, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Nie L, He L. Quantitative susceptibility mapping shows lower brain iron content in children with autism. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:2073-2083. [PMID: 32945969 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the application of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of brain iron content in children with autism. METHODS For the control group, 40 normal children aged 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6 years were prospectively selected from June 2018 to December 2018, with equal numbers of males and females in each age group. For the study group, 40 children with autism aged 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6 years were prospectively selected from January 2019 to October 2019; once again, there were equal numbers of males and females in each age group. All children received routine head MRI scans and enhanced T2*-weighted angiography (ESWAN) sequence scans, and the ESWAN sequence images were processed by software to obtain magnetic susceptibility maps. The regions of interest (ROIs) of the frontal white matter, frontal gray matter, thalamus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen nucleus, caudate nucleus, pons, and splenium of the corpus callosum were selected, and the magnetic susceptibility values were measured. The differences in magnetic susceptibility between the two groups were compared in children at the same age. RESULTS For the children aged 2-3 years, the magnetic susceptibility values in the caudate nucleus, dentate nucleus, and splenium of the corpus callosum in the study group were lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). For the children aged 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6 years, the magnetic susceptibility values in the frontal white matter, caudate nucleus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus, and splenium of the corpus callosum in the study group were lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The brain iron content of children with autism is lower than that of normal children. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study protocol was registered at the Chinese clinical trial registry (registration number: ChiCTR2000029699; http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchprojen.aspx ). KEY POINTS • In this study, the brain iron content of normal children and children with autism was compared to identify the differences, which provided a new objective basis for the early diagnosis of children with autism. • This study examined the iron content values in various brain regions of normal children aged 2-6 years in this region and established a reference range for iron content in various brain regions of normal children in one geographical area, providing a reliable and objective standard for the diagnosis and treatment of some brain diseases in children. • The results of this study indicate that the brain iron content of preschool children with autism is lower than that of normal preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Tang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lisha Nie
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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16
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Wang N, White LE, Qi Y, Cofer G, Johnson GA. Cytoarchitecture of the mouse brain by high resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2020; 216:116876. [PMID: 32344062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI has been widely used to probe the neuroanatomy of the mouse brain, directly correlating MRI findings to histology is still challenging due to the limited spatial resolution and various image contrasts derived from water relaxation or diffusion properties. Magnetic resonance histology has the potential to become an indispensable research tool to mitigate such challenges. In the present study, we acquired high spatial resolution MRI datasets, including diffusion MRI (dMRI) at 25 μm isotropic resolution and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at 21.5 μm isotropic resolution to validate with conventional mouse brain histology. Diffusion weighted images (DWIs) show better delineation of cortical layers and glomeruli in the olfactory bulb than fractional anisotropy (FA) maps. However, among all the image contrasts, including quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), T1/T2∗ images and DTI metrics, FA maps highlight unique laminar architecture in sub-regions of the hippocampus, including the strata of the dentate gyrus and CA fields of the hippocampus. The mean diffusivity (MD) and axial diffusivity (AD) yield higher correlation with DAPI (0.62 and 0.71) and NeuN (0.78 and 0.74) than with NF-160 (-0.34 and -0.49). The correlations between FA and DAPI, NeuN, and NF-160 are 0.31, -0.01, and -0.49, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that MRI at microscopic resolution deliver a three-dimensional, non-invasive and non-destructive platform for characterization of fine structural detail in both gray matter and white matter of the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wang
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Leonard E White
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yi Qi
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gary Cofer
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - G Allan Johnson
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Wei H, Decker K, Nguyen H, Cao S, Tsai TY, Dianne Guy C, Bashir M, Liu C. Imaging diamagnetic susceptibility of collagen in hepatic fibrosis using susceptibility tensor imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1322-1330. [PMID: 31633237 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the magnetic susceptibility changes of liver fibrosis using susceptibility tensor imaging. METHODS Liver biopsy tissue samples of patients with liver fibrosis were obtained. Three-dimensional gradient-echo and diffusion-weighted images were acquired at 9.4 T. Susceptibility tensors of the samples were calculated using the gradient-echo phase signal acquired at 12 different orientations relative to the B0 field. Susceptibility anisotropy of the liver collagen fibers was quantified and compared with diffusion anisotropy, measured by DTI. For validation, a comparison was made to histology including hematoxylin and eosin staining, iron staining, and Masson's trichrome staining. RESULTS Areas with strong diamagnetic susceptibility were observed in the tissue samples forming fibrous patterns. This diamagnetic susceptibility was highly anisotropic. Both the mean magnetic susceptibility and susceptibility anisotropy of collagen fibers exhibited a strong contrast against the surrounding nonfibrotic tissues. The same regions also showed an elevated diffusion anisotropy but with much lower tissue contrast. Masson's trichrome staining identified concentrated collagens in the fibrous regions with high susceptibility anisotropy, and a linear correlation was found between the susceptibility anisotropy and the histology-based staging. CONCLUSION Diamagnetic susceptibility indicates the presence of collagen in the fibrotic liver tissues. Mapping magnetic susceptibility anisotropy may serve as a potential marker to quantify collagen fiber changes in patients with liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Wei
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Kyle Decker
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hien Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Steven Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Tsung-Yuan Tsai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Mustafa Bashir
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California
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18
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Gandhi R, Tsoumpas C. Preclinical Imaging Biomarkers for Postischaemic Neurovascular Remodelling. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:3128529. [PMID: 30863220 PMCID: PMC6378027 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3128529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of understanding the pathological alterations that underlie ischaemic injuries, such as vascular remodelling and reorganisation, there is a need for recognising the capabilities and limitations of in vivo imaging techniques. Thus, this review presents contemporary published research of imaging modalities that have been implemented to study postischaemic neurovascular changes in small animals. A comparison of the technical aspects of the various imaging tools is included to set the framework for identifying the most appropriate methods to observe postischaemic neurovascular remodelling. A systematic search of the PubMed® and Elsevier's Scopus databases identified studies that were conducted between 2008 and 2018 to explore postischaemic neurovascular remodelling in small animal models. Thirty-five relevant in vivo imaging studies are included, of which most made use of magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography, whilst various optical modalities were also utilised. Notably, there is an increasing trend of using multimodal imaging to exploit the most beneficial properties of each imaging technique to elucidate different aspects of neurovascular remodelling. Nevertheless, there is still scope for further utilising noninvasive imaging tools such as contrast agents or radiotracers, which will have the ability to monitor neurovascular changes particularly during restorative therapy. This will facilitate more successful utility of the clinical imaging techniques in the interpretation of neurovascular reorganisation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gandhi
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, West Yorkshire, UK
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19
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Wang N, Cofer G, Anderson RJ, Qi Y, Liu C, Johnson GA. Accelerating quantitative susceptibility imaging acquisition using compressed sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:245002. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaf15d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Kuchcinski G, Auger F, Leboullenger C, Viard R, Lopes R. Expected susceptibility contrast of the brain structures in normal conditions and in pathological models. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e4020. [PMID: 30307071 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Kuchcinski
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, UMR_S 1171 "Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders", Lille, France
| | - Florent Auger
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, UMR_S 1171 "Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders", Lille, France
| | - Clémence Leboullenger
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, UMR_S 1171 "Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders", Lille, France
| | - Romain Viard
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, UMR_S 1171 "Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders", Lille, France
| | - Renaud Lopes
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, UMR_S 1171 "Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders", Lille, France
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21
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Microstructural imaging of human neocortex in vivo. Neuroimage 2018; 182:184-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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22
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Wei H, Han V, Zhu WZ, Liu C. Neonate and infant brain development from birth to 2 years assessed using MRI-based quantitative susceptibility mapping. Neuroimage 2018; 185:349-360. [PMID: 30315906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain rapidly develops during the first two years following birth. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) provides information of iron and myelin variations. It is considered to be a valuable tool for studying brain development in early life. In the present work, QSM is performed on neonates, 1-year and 2-year old infants, as well as a group of adults for the purpose of reference. Age-specific templates representing common brain structures are built for each age group. The neonate and infant QSM templates have shown some unique findings compared to conventional T1w and T2w imaging techniques. The contrast between the gray and white matters on the QSM images did not change through brain development from neonate to adult. A linear correlation was found between brain myelination determined in this study and the microscopic myelin degree determined by a previous autopsy study. Also, the magnetic susceptibility values of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) exhibit a gradually decreasing trend from birth to 2 years old and to adulthood. The findings suggest that the macromolecular content, myelin, and iron may play the most important contributing factors for the magnetic susceptibility of neonate and infant brain. QSM can be a powerful means to study early brain development and related pathologies that involve alterations in macromolecular content, iron, or brain myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Zhang
- School of Information and Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Victor Han
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA.
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23
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Zhang Y, Wei H, Sun Y, Cronin MJ, He N, Xu J, Zhou Y, Liu C. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) as a means to monitor cerebral hematoma treatment. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:907-915. [PMID: 29380461 PMCID: PMC6066470 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) offers a consistent hemorrhage volume measurement independent of imaging parameters. PURPOSE To investigate the magnetic susceptibility of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as a quantitative measurement for monitoring treatment in hematoma patients. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Twenty-six patients with acute ICH were recruited and enrolled in treatment including surgery or medication (mannitol) for 1 week. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3D gradient echo sequence at 3.0T. ASSESSMENT The hematoma volumes on computed tomography (CT) and QSM were calculated and used for correlation analysis. Magnetic susceptibility changes from pre- to posttreatment were calculated and compared to the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) measure of neurological deficit for each patient. STATISTICAL TESTS Mean susceptibility values were calculated over each region of interest (ROI). A one-sample t-test was used to assess the changes of total volumes and mean magnetic susceptibility of ICH identified between pre- and posttreatment images (P < 0.05 was considered significant) and the Bland-Altman analysis with 95% limits of agreement (average difference, ±1.96 SD of the difference). Regression of volume measurements on QSM vs. CT and fitted linear regression of mean susceptibility vs. CT signal intensity for hematoma regions were conducted in all patients. RESULTS Good correlation was found between hemorrhage volumes calculated from CT and QSM (CT volume = 0.94*QSM volume, r = 0.98). Comparison of QSM pre- and posttreatment showed that the mean ICH volume was reduced by a statistically insignificant amount from 5.74 cm3 to 5.45 cm3 (P = 0.21), while mean magnetic susceptibility was reduced significantly from 0.48 ppm to 0.38 ppm (P = 0.004). A significant positive association was found between changes in magnetic susceptibility values and NIHSS following hematoma treatment (P < 0.01). DATA CONCLUSIONS QSM in hematoma assessment, as compared with CT, offers a comparably accurate volume measurement; however, susceptibility measurements may enable improved monitoring of ICH treatment compared to volume measurements alone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:907-915.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yawen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthew J. Cronin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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24
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Xie L, Koukos G, Barck K, Foreman O, Lee WP, Brendza R, Eastham-Anderson J, McKenzie BS, Peterson A, Carano RAD. Micro-CT imaging and structural analysis of glomeruli in a model of Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F76-F89. [PMID: 30256127 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00331.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomeruli number and size are important for determining the pathogenesis of glomerular disease, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. Moreover, renal injury can occur in specific cortical layers and alter glomerular spatial distribution. In this study, we present a comprehensive structural analysis of glomeruli in a model of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) nephropathy. Glomeruli are imaged (micro-CT at 10 × 10 × 10 μm3) in kidney specimens from C57Bl/6 mouse cohorts: control treated with saline ( n = 9) and Adriamycin treated with 20 mg/kg Adriamycin ( n = 7). Several indices were examined, including glomerular number, glomerular volume, glomerular volume heterogeneity, and spatial density at each glomerulus and in each cortical layer (superficial, midcortical, and juxtamedullary). In the Adriamycin-treated animals, glomerular number decreased significantly in the left kidney [control: 8,298 ± 221, Adriamycin: 6,781 ± 630 (mean ± SE)] and right kidney (control: 7,317 ± 367, Adriamycin: 5,522 ± 508), and glomerular volume heterogeneity increased significantly in the left kidney (control: 0.642 ± 0.015, Adriamycin: 0.786 ± 0.018) and right kidney (control: 0.739 ± 0.016, Adriamycin: 0.937 ± 0.023). Glomerular spatial density was not affected. Glomerular volume heterogeneity increased significantly in the superficial and midcortical layers of the Adriamycin cohort. Adriamycin did not affect glomerular volume or density metrics in the juxtamedullary region, suggesting a compensatory mechanism of juxtamedullary glomeruli to injury in the outer cortical layers. Left/right asymmetry was observed in kidney size and various glomeruli metrics. The methods presented here can be used to evaluate renal disease models with subtle changes in glomerular endowment locally or across the entire kidney, and they provide an imaging tool to investigate diverse interventions and therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Xie
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Georgios Koukos
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kai Barck
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Oded Foreman
- Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Translation Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Brendza
- Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Brent S McKenzie
- Translation Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew Peterson
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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25
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Nieman BJ, van Eede MC, Spring S, Dazai J, Henkelman RM, Lerch JP. MRI to Assess Neurological Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 8:e44. [PMID: 29927554 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a detailed set of protocols for mouse brain imaging using MRI. We focus primarily on measuring changes in neuroanatomy, and provide both instructions for mouse preparation and details on image acquisition, image processing, and statistics. Practical details as well as theoretical considerations are provided. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthijs C van Eede
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shoshana Spring
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Dazai
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Corresponding author:
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26
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Zhang Y, Wei H, Cronin MJ, He N, Yan F, Liu C. Longitudinal atlas for normative human brain development and aging over the lifespan using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Neuroimage 2018; 171:176-189. [PMID: 29325780 PMCID: PMC5857468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal brain atlases play an important role in the study of human brain development and cognition. Existing atlases are mainly based on anatomical features derived from T1-and T2-weighted MRI. A 4D developmental quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) atlas may facilitate the estimation of age-related iron changes in deep gray matter nuclei and myelin changes in white matter. To this end, group-wise co-registered QSM templates were generated over various age intervals from age 1-83 years old. Registration was achieved by combining both T1-weighted and QSM images. Based on the proposed template, we created an accurate deep gray matter nuclei parcellation map (DGM map). Notably, we segmented thalamus into 5 sub-regions, i.e. the anterior nuclei, the median nuclei, the lateral nuclei, the pulvinar and the internal medullary lamina. Furthermore, we built a "whole brain QSM parcellation map" by combining existing cortical parcellation and white-matter atlases with the proposed DGM map. Based on the proposed QSM atlas, the segmentation accuracy of iron-rich nuclei using QSM is significantly improved, especially for children and adolescent subjects. The age-related progression of magnetic susceptibility in each of the deep gray matter nuclei, the hippocampus, and the amygdala was estimated. Our automated atlas-based analysis provided a systematic confirmation of previous findings on susceptibility progression with age resulting from manual ROI drawings in deep gray matter nuclei. The susceptibility development in the hippocampus and the amygdala follow an iron accumulation model; while in the thalamus sub-regions, the susceptibility development exhibits a variety of trends. It is envisioned that the newly developed 4D QSM atlas will serve as a template for studying brain iron deposition and myelination/demyelination in both normal aging and various brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Zhang
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Cronin
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA.
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27
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MRI gradient-echo phase contrast of the brain at ultra-short TE with off-resonance saturation. Neuroimage 2018; 175:1-11. [PMID: 29604452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Larmor-frequency shift or image phase measured by gradient-echo sequences has provided a new source of MRI contrast. This contrast is being used to study both the structure and function of the brain. So far, phase images of the brain have been largely obtained at long echo times as maximum phase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is achieved at TE = T2* (∼40 ms at 3T). The structures of the brain, however, are compartmentalized and complex with a wide range of signal relaxation times. At such long TE, the short-T2 components are largely attenuated and contribute minimally to phase contrast. The purpose of this study was to determine whether proton gradient-echo images of the brain exhibit phase contrast at ultra-short TE (UTE). Our data showed that UTE images acquired at 7 T without off-resonance saturation do not contain significant phase contrast between gray and white matter. However, UTE images of the brain can attain strong phase contrast even at a nominal TE of 106 μs by using off-resonance RF saturation pulses, which provide direct saturation of ultra-short-T2 components and indirect saturation of longer-T2 components via magnetization transfer. In addition, phase contrast between gray and white matter acquired at UTE with off-resonance saturation is reversed compared to that of the long-T2 signals acquired at long TEs. This finding opens up a potential new way to manipulate image phase contrast of the brain. By accessing short and ultra-short-T2 species, MRI phase images may further improve the characterization of tissue microstructure in the brain.
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28
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Lin H, Wei H, He N, Fu C, Cheng S, Shen J, Wang B, Yan X, Liu C, Yan F. Quantitative susceptibility mapping in combination with water-fat separation for simultaneous liver iron and fat fraction quantification. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:3494-3504. [PMID: 29470640 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous quantification of liver iron concentration (LIC) and fat fraction (FF) using water-fat separation and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). METHODS Forty-five patients suspected of liver iron overload (LIO) were included. A volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination sequence for QSM and FF, a fat-saturated gradient echo sequence for R2*, a spin echo sequence for LIC measurements and MRS analyses for FF (FF-MRS) were performed. Magnetic susceptibility and FF were calculated using a water-fat separation method (FF-MRI). Correlation and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed. RESULTS Magnetic susceptibility showed strong correlation with LIC (rs=0.918). The optimal susceptibility cut-off values were 0.34, 0.63, 1.29 and 2.23 ppm corresponding to LIC thresholds of 1.8, 3.2, 7.0 and 15.0 mg/g dry weight. The area under the curve (AUC) were 0.948, 0.970, 1 and 1, respectively. No difference in AUC was found between susceptibility and R2* at all LIC thresholds. Correlation was found between FF-MRI and FF-MRS (R2=0.910). CONCLUSIONS QSM has a high diagnostic performance for LIC quantification, similar to that of R2*. FF-MRI provides simultaneous fat quantification. Findings suggest QSM in combination with water-fat separation has potential value for evaluating LIO, especially in cases with coexisting steatosis. KEY POINTS • Magnetic susceptibility showed strong correlation with LIC (r s =0.918). • QSM showed high diagnostic performance for LIC, similar to that of R 2* . • Simultaneously estimated FF-MRI showed strong correlation with MR-Spectroscopy-based FF (R 2 =0.910). • QSM combining water-fat separation has quantitative value for LIO with coexisted steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Application Development, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Baisong Wang
- Department of Biological Statistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yan
- MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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29
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Lu X, Ma Y, Chang EY, He Q, Searleman A, von Drygalski A, Du J. Simultaneous quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2* for high iron concentration quantification with 3D ultrashort echo time sequences: An echo dependence study. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79:2315-2322. [PMID: 29314215 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the echo dependence of 3D ultrashort echo time (TE) quantitative susceptibility mapping (3D UTE-QSM) and effective transverse relaxation rate ( R2*) measurement in the setting of high concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles. METHODS A phantom study with iron concentrations ranging from 2 to 22 mM was performed using a 3D UTE Cones sequence. Simultaneous QSM processing with morphology-enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) and R2* single exponential fitting was conducted offline with the acquired 3D UTE data. The dependence of UTE-QSM and R2* on echo spacing (ΔTE) and first TE (TE1 ) was investigated. RESULTS A linear relationship was observed between UTE-QSM measurement and iron concentration up to 22 mM only, with the minimal TE1 of 0.032 ms and ΔTE of less than 0.1 ms. A linear relationship was observed between R2* and iron concentration up to 22 mM only when TE1 was less than 0.132 ms and ΔTE was less than 1.2 ms. UTE-QSM with MEDI processing showed strong dependence on ΔTE and TE1 , especially at high iron concentrations. CONCLUSION UTE-QSM is more sensitive than R2* measurement to TE selection. Both an ultrashort TE1 and a small ΔTE are needed to achieve accurate QSM for high iron concentrations. Magn Reson Med 79:2315-2322, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Qun He
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Adam Searleman
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Annette von Drygalski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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30
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Wei H, Gibbs E, Zhao P, Wang N, Cofer GP, Zhang Y, Johnson GA, Liu C. Susceptibility tensor imaging and tractography of collagen fibrils in the articular cartilage. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:1683-1690. [PMID: 28856712 PMCID: PMC5786159 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the B0 orientation-dependent magnetic susceptibility of collagen fibrils within the articular cartilage and to determine whether susceptibility tensor imaging (STI) can detect the 3D collagen network within cartilage. METHODS Multiecho gradient echo datasets (100-μm isotropic resolution) were acquired from fixed porcine articular cartilage specimens at 9.4 T. The susceptibility tensor was calculated using phase images acquired at 12 or 15 different orientations relative to B0 . The susceptibility anisotropy of the collagen fibril was quantified and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was compared against STI. 3D tractography was performed to visualize and track the collagen fibrils with DTI and STI. RESULTS STI experiments showed the distinct and significant anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of collagen fibrils within the articular cartilage. STI can be used to measure and quantify susceptibility anisotropy maps. Furthermore, STI provides orientation information of the underlying collagen network via 3D tractography. CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrate that STI can characterize the orientation variation of collagen fibrils where diffusion anisotropy fails. We believe that STI could serve as a sensitive and noninvasive marker to study the collagen fibrils microstructure. Magn Reson Med 78:1683-1690, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Wei
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eric Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peida Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nian Wang
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gary P. Cofer
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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31
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Zhang Y, Wei H. Atlas construction of cardiac fiber architecture using a multimodal registration approach. Neurocomputing 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2016.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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32
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Fang J, Bao L, Li X, van Zijl PC, Chen Z. Background field removal using a region adaptive kernel for quantitative susceptibility mapping of human brain. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 281:130-140. [PMID: 28595120 PMCID: PMC5846686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background field removal is an important MR phase preprocessing step for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). It separates the local field induced by tissue magnetic susceptibility sources from the background field generated by sources outside a region of interest, e.g. brain, such as air-tissue interface. In the vicinity of air-tissue boundary, e.g. skull and paranasal sinuses, where large susceptibility variations exist, present background field removal methods are usually insufficient and these regions often need to be excluded by brain mask erosion at the expense of losing information of local field and thus susceptibility measures in these regions. In this paper, we propose an extension to the variable-kernel sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data (V-SHARP) background field removal method using a region adaptive kernel (R-SHARP), in which a scalable spherical Gaussian kernel (SGK) is employed with its kernel radius and weights adjustable according to an energy "functional" reflecting the magnitude of field variation. Such an energy functional is defined in terms of a contour and two fitting functions incorporating regularization terms, from which a curve evolution model in level set formation is derived for energy minimization. We utilize it to detect regions of with a large field gradient caused by strong susceptibility variation. In such regions, the SGK will have a small radius and high weight at the sphere center in a manner adaptive to the voxel energy of the field perturbation. Using the proposed method, the background field generated from external sources can be effectively removed to get a more accurate estimation of the local field and thus of the QSM dipole inversion to map local tissue susceptibility sources. Numerical simulation, phantom and in vivo human brain data demonstrate improved performance of R-SHARP compared to V-SHARP and RESHARP (regularization enabled SHARP) methods, even when the whole paranasal sinus regions are preserved in the brain mask. Shadow artifacts due to strong susceptibility variations in the derived QSM maps could also be largely eliminated using the R-SHARP method, leading to more accurate QSM reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Fang
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Lijun Bao
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Peter C.M. van Zijl
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
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33
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Kim JW, Kim SG, Park SH. Phase imaging with multiple phase-cycled balanced steady-state free precession at 9.4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3699. [PMID: 28187250 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While phase imaging with a gradient echo (GRE) sequence is popular, phase imaging with balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) has been underexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate anatomical and functional phase imaging with multiple phase-cycled bSSFP, in expectation of increasing spatial coverage of steep phase-change regions of bSSFP. Eight different dynamic 2D pass-band bSSFP studies at four phase-cycling (PC) angles and two TE /TR values were performed on rat brains at 9.4 T with electrical forepaw stimulation, in comparison with dynamic 2D GRE. Anatomical and functional phase images were obtained by averaging the dynamic phase images and mapping correlation between the dynamic images and the stimulation paradigm, and were compared with their corresponding magnitude images. Phase imaging with 3D pass-band and 3D transition-band bSSFP was also performed for comparison with 3D GRE phase imaging. Two strategies of combining the multiple phase-cycled bSSFP phase images were also proposed. Contrast between white matter and gray matter in bSSFP phase images significantly varied with PC angle and became twice as high as that of GRE phase images at a specific PC angle. With the same total scan time, the combined bSSFP phase images provided stronger phase contrast and visualized neuronal fiber-like structures more clearly than the GRE phase images. The combined phase images of both 3D pass-band and 3D transition-band bSSFP showed phase contrasts stronger than those of the GRE phase images in overall brain regions, even at a longer TE of 20 ms. In contrast, phase functional MRI (fMRI) signals were weak overall and mostly located in draining veins for both bSSFP and GRE. Multiple phase-cycled bSSFP phase imaging is a promising anatomical imaging technique, while its usage as fMRI does not seem desirable with the current approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woong Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hong Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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34
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Poplawsky AJ, Fukuda M, Kim SG. Foundations of layer-specific fMRI and investigations of neurophysiological activity in the laminarized neocortex and olfactory bulb of animal models. Neuroimage 2017; 199:718-729. [PMID: 28502845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminar organization of neuronal circuits is a recurring feature of how the brain processes information. For instance, different layers compartmentalize different cell types, synaptic activities, and have unique intrinsic and extrinsic connections that serve as units for specialized signal processing. Functional MRI is an invaluable tool to investigate laminar processing in the in vivo human brain, but it measures neuronal activity indirectly by way of the hemodynamic response. Therefore, the accuracy of high-resolution laminar fMRI depends on how precisely it can measure localized microvascular changes nearest to the site of evoked activity. To determine the specificity of fMRI responses to the true neurophysiological responses across layers, the flexibility to invasive procedures in animal models has been necessary. In this review, we will examine different fMRI contrasts and their appropriate uses for layer-specific fMRI, and how localized laminar processing was examined in the neocortex and olfactory bulb. Through collective efforts, it was determined that microvessels, including capillaries, are regulated within single layers and that several endogenous and contrast-enhanced fMRI contrast mechanisms can separate these neural-specific vascular changes from the nonspecific, especially cerebral blood volume-weighted fMRI with intravenous contrast agent injection. We will also propose some open questions that are relevant for the successful implementation of layer-specific fMRI and its potential future directions to study laminar processing when combined with optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander John Poplawsky
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Mitsuhiro Fukuda
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute of Basic Science, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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35
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Min E, Ban S, Wang Y, Bae SC, Popescu G, Best-Popescu C, Jung W. Measurement of multispectral scattering properties in mouse brain tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1763-1770. [PMID: 28663864 PMCID: PMC5480579 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present the scattering properties of mouse brain using multispectral diffraction phase microscopy. Typical diffraction phase microscopy was incorporated with the broadband light source which offers the measurement of the scattering coefficient and anisotropy in the spectral range of 550-900 nm. The regional analysis was performed for both the myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture of the brain tissue. Our results clearly evaluate the multispectral scattering properties in the olfactory bulb and corpus callosum. The scattering coefficient measured in the corpus callosum is about four times higher than in the olfactory bulb. It also indicates that it is feasible to realize the quantitative phase microscope in near infrared region for thick brain tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Min
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sungbea Ban
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sung Chul Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Catherine Best-Popescu
- Cellular Neuroscience and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Woonggyu Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, South Korea
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Wei H, Dibb R, Decker K, Wang N, Zhang Y, Zong X, Lin W, Nissman DB, Liu C. Investigating magnetic susceptibility of human knee joint at 7 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:1933-1943. [PMID: 28097689 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the magnetic susceptibility properties of different anatomical structures within the knee joint using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). METHODS A collagen tissue model was simulated and ex vivo animal cartilage experiments were conducted at 9.4 Tesla (T) to evaluate the B0 orientation-dependent magnetic susceptibility contrast observed in cartilage. Furthermore, nine volunteers (six healthy subjects without knee pain history and three patients with known knee injury, between 29 and 58 years old) were scanned using gradient-echo acquisitions on a high-field 7T MR scanner. Susceptibility values of different tissues were quantified and diseased cartilage and meniscus were compared against that of healthy volunteers. RESULTS Simulation and ex vivo animal cartilage experiments demonstrated that collagen fibrils exhibit an anisotropic susceptibility. A gradual change of magnetic susceptibility was observed in the articular cartilage from the superficial zone to the deep zone, forming a multilayer ultrastructure consistent with anisotropy of collagen fibrils. Meniscal tears caused a clear reduction of susceptibility contrast between the injured meniscus and surrounding cartilage illustrated by a loss of the sharp boundaries between the two. Moreover, QSM showed more dramatic contrast in the focal degenerated articular cartilage than R2* mapping. CONCLUSION The arrangement of the collagen fibrils is significant, and likely the most dominant source of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy. Quantitative susceptibility mapping offers a means to characterize magnetic susceptibility properties of tissues in the knee joint. It is sensitive to collagen damage or degeneration and may be useful for evaluating the status of knee diseases, such as meniscal tears and cartilage disease. Magn Reson Med 78:1933-1943, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Wei
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Russell Dibb
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle Decker
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nian Wang
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Zong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel B Nissman
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Laviña B. Brain Vascular Imaging Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010070. [PMID: 28042833 PMCID: PMC5297705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent major improvements in a number of imaging techniques now allow for the study of the brain in ways that could not be considered previously. Researchers today have well-developed tools to specifically examine the dynamic nature of the blood vessels in the brain during development and adulthood; as well as to observe the vascular responses in disease situations in vivo. This review offers a concise summary and brief historical reference of different imaging techniques and how these tools can be applied to study the brain vasculature and the blood-brain barrier integrity in both healthy and disease states. Moreover, it offers an overview on available transgenic animal models to study vascular biology and a description of useful online brain atlases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Park J, Lee J, Park JY, Lee SK. Nuclear paramagnetism-induced MR frequency shift and its implications for MR-based magnetic susceptibility measurement. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:848-854. [PMID: 28019024 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the 1 H spin contribution (0.004 parts per million (ppm)) to the water magnetic susceptibility and discuss its implications for high-precision phase mapping and tissue susceptibility measurement. METHODS Free induction decay (FID) signals were acquired at 3 Tesla (T) and 9.4T from thin square phantoms at a range of tip angles. The FID frequency shift was examined at a high resolution ( < 0.01 Hz) for different phantom orientations relative to the main magnetic field (B0 ). B0 maps on an axial and a coronal slice of a spherical phantom were obtained at 3T to examine the tip angle and orientation dependence at the 0.001 ppm level. RESULTS A frequency shift of about 0.3 Hz was observed between tip angles of 10 ° and 90 ° when the thin phantom was normal to B0 at 3T, whereas the shift changed sign and was halved in magnitude when the phantom's face was parallel to B0 . At 9.4T, the effect size increased proportionately. The orientation-dependent frequency shift was also observed in the B0 map experiment. These observations agree with theoretical frequency shift due to longitudinal 1 H spin polarization. CONCLUSION Magnetic susceptibility contribution from the nuclear paramagnetism should be taken into account in the interpretation of high-precision phase and susceptibility mapping in MRI. Magn Reson Med 77:848-854, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinil Park
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtaek Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Yeon Park
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Label-free, multi-scale imaging of ex-vivo mouse brain using spatial light interference microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39667. [PMID: 28009019 PMCID: PMC5180101 DOI: 10.1038/srep39667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain connectivity spans over broad spatial scales, from nanometers to centimeters. In order to understand the brain at multi-scale, the neural network in wide-field has been visualized in detail by taking advantage of light microscopy. However, the process of staining or addition of fluorescent tags is commonly required, and the image contrast is insufficient for delineation of cytoarchitecture. To overcome this barrier, we use spatial light interference microscopy to investigate brain structure with high-resolution, sub-nanometer pathlength sensitivity without the use of exogenous contrast agents. Combining wide-field imaging and a mosaic algorithm developed in-house, we show the detailed architecture of cells and myelin, within coronal olfactory bulb and cortical sections, and from sagittal sections of the hippocampus and cerebellum. Our technique is well suited to identify laminar characteristics of fiber tract orientation within white matter, e.g. the corpus callosum. To further improve the macro-scale contrast of anatomical structures, and to better differentiate axons and dendrites from cell bodies, we mapped the tissue in terms of its scattering property. Based on our results, we anticipate that spatial light interference microscopy can potentially provide multiscale and multicontrast perspectives of gross and microscopic brain anatomy.
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