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Baset A, Huang F. Shedding light on subiculum's role in human brain disorders. Brain Res Bull 2024; 214:110993. [PMID: 38825254 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Subiculum is a pivotal output component of the hippocampal formation, a structure often overlooked in neuroscientific research. Here, this review aims to explore the role of the subiculum in various brain disorders, shedding light on its significance within the functional-neuroanatomical perspective on neurological diseases. The subiculum's involvement in multiple brain disorders was thoroughly examined. In Alzheimer's disease, subiculum alterations precede cognitive decline, while in epilepsy, the subiculum plays a critical role in seizure initiation. Stress involves the subiculum's impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Moreover, the subiculum exhibits structural and functional changes in anxiety, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease, contributing to cognitive deficits. Bipolar disorder is linked to subiculum structural abnormalities, while autism spectrum disorder reveals an alteration of inward deformation in the subiculum. Lastly, frontotemporal dementia shows volumetric differences in the subiculum, emphasizing its contribution to the disorder's complexity. Taken together, this review consolidates existing knowledge on the subiculum's role in brain disorders, and may facilitate future research, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic interventions for various neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Baset
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Fengwen Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Xu W, Ren L, Hao X, Shi D, Ma Y, Hu Y, Xie L, Geng F. The brain markers of creativity measured by divergent thinking in childhood: Hippocampal volume and functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2024; 291:120586. [PMID: 38548039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Creativity, a high-order cognitive ability, has received wide attention from researchers and educators who are dedicated to promoting its development throughout one's lifespan. Currently, creativity is commonly assessed with divergent thinking tasks, such as the Alternative Uses Task. Recent advancements in neuroimaging techniques have enabled the identification of brain markers for high-order cognitive abilities. One such brain structure of interest in this regard is the hippocampus, which has been found to play an important role in generating creative thoughts in adulthood. However, such role of the hippocampus in childhood is not clear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the associations between creativity, as measured by divergent thinking, and both the volume of the hippocampus and its resting-state functional connectivity in 116 children aged 8-12 years. The results indicate significant relations between divergent thinking and the volume of the hippocampal head and the hippocampal tail, as well as the volume of a subfield comprising cornu ammonis 2-4 and dentate gyrus within the hippocampal body. Additionally, divergent thinking was significantly related to the differences between the anterior and the posterior hippocampus in their functional connectivity to other brain regions during rest. These results suggest that these two subregions may collaborate with different brain regions to support diverse cognitive processes involved in the generation of creative thoughts. In summary, these findings indicate that divergent thinking is significantly related to the structural and functional characteristics of the hippocampus, offering potential insights into the brain markers for creativity during the developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xu
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liyuan Ren
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoxin Hao
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donglin Shi
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yupu Ma
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fengji Geng
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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3
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Buchberger ES, Joechner AK, Ngo CT, Lindenberger U, Werkle-Bergner M. Age differences in generalization, memory specificity, and their overnight fate in childhood. Child Dev 2024. [PMID: 38516813 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Memory enables generalization to new situations, and memory specificity that preserves individual episodes. This study investigated generalization, memory specificity, and their overnight fate in 141 4- to 8-year-olds (computerized memory game; 71 females, tested 2020-2021 in Germany). The results replicated age effects in generalization and memory specificity, and a contingency of generalization on object conceptual properties and interobject semantic proximity. Age effects were stronger in generalization than in memory specificity, and generalization was more closely linked to the explicit regularity knowledge in older than in younger children. After an overnight delay, older children retained more generalized and specific memories and showed greater gains but only in generalization. These findings reveal distinct age differences in generalization and memory specificity across childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa S Buchberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Joechner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chi T Ngo
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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Coughlin C, Pudhiyidath A, Roome HE, Varga NL, Nguyen KV, Preston AR. Asynchronous development of memory integration and differentiation influences temporal memory organization. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13437. [PMID: 37608740 PMCID: PMC10884351 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Adults remember items with shared contexts as occurring closer in time to one another than those associated with different contexts, even when their objective temporal distance is fixed. Such temporal memory biases are thought to reflect within-event integration and between-event differentiation processes that organize events according to their contextual similarities and differences, respectively. Within-event integration and between-event differentiation are hypothesized to differentially rely on binding and control processes, which may develop at different ages. To test this hypothesis, 5- to 12-year-olds and adults (N = 134) studied quartets of image pairs that contained either the same scene (same-context) or different scenes (different-context). Participants remembered same-context items as occurring closer in time by older childhood (7-9 years), whereas different-context items were remembered as occurring farther apart by early adolescence (10-12 years). The differential emergence of these temporal memory biases suggests within-event integration and between-event differentiation emerge at different ages. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Children are less likely than adults to use contextual information (e.g., location) to organize their continuous experience in memory, as indicated by temporal memory biases. Biases reflecting within-event integration (i.e., remembering elements with a shared context as occurring closer together in time) emerged in late childhood. Biases reflecting between-event differentiation (i.e., remembering elements from different contexts as occurring farther apart in time) emerged in early adolescence. The differential emergence of biases reflecting within-event integration and between-event differentiation suggests they are distinct, yet complementary, processes that support developmental improvements in event memory organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athula Pudhiyidath
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Hannah E. Roome
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Nicole L. Varga
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Kim V. Nguyen
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Alison R. Preston
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin
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5
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Vieites V, Ralph Y, Reeb-Sutherland B, Dick AS, Mattfeld AT, Pruden SM. Neurite density of the hippocampus is associated with trace eyeblink conditioning latency in 4- to 6-year-olds. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:358-369. [PMID: 38092417 PMCID: PMC10872972 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Limited options exist to evaluate the development of hippocampal function in young children. Research has established that trace eyeblink conditioning (EBC) relies on a functional hippocampus. Hence, we set out to investigate whether trace EBC is linked to hippocampal structure, potentially serving as a valuable indicator of hippocampal development. Our study explored potential associations between individual differences in hippocampal volume and neurite density with trace EBC performance in young children. We used onset latency of conditioned responses (CR) and percentage of conditioned responses (% CR) as measures of hippocampal-dependent associative learning. Using a sample of typically developing children aged 4 to 6 years (N = 30; 14 girls; M = 5.70 years), participants underwent T1- and diffusion-weighted MRI scans and completed a 15-min trace eyeblink conditioning task conducted outside the MRI. % CR and CR onset latency were calculated based on all trials involving tone-puff presentations and tone-alone trials. Findings revealed a connection between greater left hippocampal neurite density and delayed CR onset latency. Children with higher neurite density in the left hippocampus tended to blink closer to the onset of the unconditioned stimulus, indicating that structural variations in the hippocampus were associated with more precise timing of conditioned responses. No other relationships were observed between hippocampal volume, cerebellum volume or neurite density, hippocampal white matter connectivity and any EBC measures. Preliminary results suggest that trace EBC may serve as a straightforward yet innovative approach for studying hippocampal development in young children and populations with atypical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vieites
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yvonne Ralph
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | | | - Anthony Steven Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Aaron T Mattfeld
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shannon M Pruden
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Homayouni R, Canada KL, Saifullah S, Foster DJ, Thill C, Raz N, Daugherty AM, Ofen N. Age-related differences in hippocampal subfield volumes across the human lifespan: A meta-analysis. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1292-1315. [PMID: 37881160 PMCID: PMC10841547 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The human hippocampus (Hc) is critical for memory function across the lifespan. It is comprised of cytoarchitectonically distinct subfields: dentate gyrus (DG), cornu ammonis sectors (CA) 1-4, and subiculum, each of which may be differentially susceptible to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative mechanisms. Identifying age-related differences in Hc subfield volumes can provide insights into neural mechanisms of memory function across the lifespan. Limited evidence suggests that DG and CA3 volumes differ across development while other regions remain relatively stable, and studies of adulthood implicate a downward trend in all subfield volumes with prominent age effects on CA1. Due to differences in methods and limited sampling for any single study, the magnitude of age effects on Hc subfield volumes and their probable lifespan trajectories remain unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on cross-sectional studies (n = 48,278 participants, ages = 4-94 years) to examine the association between age and Hc subfield volumes in development (n = 11 studies), adulthood (n = 30 studies), and a combined lifespan sample (n = 41 studies) while adjusting estimates for sample sizes. In development, age was positively associated with DG and CA3-4 volumes, whereas in adulthood a negative association was observed with all subfield volumes. Notably, the observed age effects were not different across subfield volumes within each age group. All subfield volumes showed a nonlinear age pattern across the lifespan with DG and CA3-4 volumes showing a more distinct age trajectory as compared to the other subfields. Lastly, among all the study-level variables, only female percentage of the study sample moderated the age effect on CA1 volume: a higher female-to-male ratio in the study sample was linked to the greater negative association between age and CA1 volume. These results document that Hc subfield volumes differ as a function of age offering broader implications for constructing theoretical models of lifespan memory development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Homayouni
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelsey L Canada
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Samaah Saifullah
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Da' Jonae Foster
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charlotte Thill
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Naftali Raz
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Noa Ofen
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Kohn BH, Cui Z, Candelaria MA, Buckingham-Howes S, Black MM, Riggins T. Early emotional caregiving environment and associations with memory performance and hippocampal volume in adolescents with prenatal drug exposure. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1238172. [PMID: 38074523 PMCID: PMC10699310 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1238172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Early adversities, including prenatal drug exposure (PDE) and a negative postnatal emotional caregiving environment, impact children's long-term development. The protracted developmental course of memory and its underlying neural systems offer a valuable framework for understanding the longitudinal associations of pre- and postnatal factors on children with PDE. This study longitudinally examines memory and hippocampal development in 69 parent-child dyads to investigate how the early caregiving emotional environment affects children with PDE's neural and cognitive systems. Measures of physical health, drug exposure, caregiver stress, depression, and distress were collected between 0 and 24 months At age 14 years, adolescents completed multiple measures of episodic memory, and at ages 14 and 18 years, adolescents underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Latent constructs of episodic memory and the caregiving environment were created using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Multiple regressions revealed a negative emotional caregiving environment during infancy was associated with poor memory performance and smaller left hippocampal volumes at 14 years. Better memory performance at 14 years predicted larger right hippocampal volume at 18 years. At 18 years, the association between the emotional caregiving environment and hippocampal volume was moderated by sex, such that a negative emotional caregiving environment was associated with larger left hippocampal volumes in males but not females. Findings suggest that the postnatal caregiving environment may modulate the effects of PDE across development, influencing neurocognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke H. Kohn
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Zehua Cui
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Margo A. Candelaria
- Institute for Innovation and Implementation, University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Maureen M. Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- RTI International, Research Triangle Part, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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Benear SL, Popal HS, Zheng Y, Tanrıverdi B, Murty VP, Perlman SB, Olson IR, Newcombe NS. Setting boundaries: Development of neural and behavioral event cognition in early childhood. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13409. [PMID: 37183213 PMCID: PMC10592563 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing stream of sensory experience is so complex and ever-changing that we tend to parse this experience at "event boundaries," which structures and strengthens memory. Memory processes undergo profound change across early childhood. Whether young children also divide their ongoing processing along event boundaries, and if those boundaries relate to memory, could provide important insight into the development of memory systems. In Study 1, 4-7-year-old children and adults segmented a cartoon, and we tested their memory. Children's event boundaries were more variable than adults' and differed in location and consistency of agreement. Older children's event segmentation was more adult-like than younger children's, and children who segmented events more like adults had better memory for those events. In Study 2, we asked whether these developmental differences in event segmentation had their roots in distinct neural representations. A separate group of 4-8-year-old children watched the same cartoon while undergoing an fMRI scan. In the right hippocampus, greater pattern dissimilarity across event boundaries compared to within events was evident for both child and adult behavioral boundaries, suggesting children and adults share similar event cognition. However, the boundaries identified by a data-driven Hidden Markov Model found that a different brain region-the left and right angular gyrus-aligned only with event boundaries defined by children. Overall, these data suggest that children's event cognition is reasonably well-developed by age 4 but continues to become more adult-like across early childhood. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Adults naturally break their experience into events, which structures and strengthens memory, but less is known about children's event perception and memory. Study 1 had adults and children segment and remember events from an animated show, and Study 2 compared those segmentations to other children's fMRI data. Children show better recognition and temporal order memory and more adult-like event segmentation with age, and children who segment more like adults have better memory. Children's and adults' behavioral boundaries mapped onto pattern similarity differences in hippocampus, and children's behavioral boundaries matched a data-driven model's boundaries in angular gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haroon S. Popal
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University
| | | | | | - Vishnu P. Murty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University
| | - Susan B. Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Ingrid R. Olson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University
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Canada KL, Homayouni R, Yu Q, Foster DJ, Ramesh S, Raz S, Daugherty AM, Ofen N. Household socioeconomic status relates to specific hippocampal subfield volumes across development. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1067-1072. [PMID: 37132590 PMCID: PMC10524471 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is composed of cytoarchitecturally distinct subfields that support specific memory functions. Variations in total hippocampal volume across development have been linked to socioeconomic status (SES), a proxy for access to material resources, medical care, and quality education. High childhood household SES is associated with greater cognitive abilities in adulthood. Currently, it is not known whether household SES differentially impacts specific hippocampal subfield volumes. We assessed susceptibility of subfields to variations in household SES across development in a sample of 167 typically developing 5- to 25-year-old. Bilateral cornu ammonis (CA) 1-2, combined CA3-dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum (Sub) volumes were measured by highly reliable manual segmentation of high-resolution T2-weighted images and adjusted for intracranial volume. A summary component score of SES measures (paternal education, maternal education, and income-to-needs ratio) was used to examine variability in volumes across ages. We did not identify age-related differences in any of the regional volumes, nor did age modify SES-related effects. Controlling for age, larger volumes of CA3-DG and CA1-2 were associated with lower SES, while Sub volume was not. Overall, these findings support the specific impact of SES on CA3-DG and CA1-2 and highlight the importance of considering environmental influences on hippocampal subfield development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roya Homayouni
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Qijing Yu
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Da’ Jonae Foster
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Sruthi Ramesh
- Current address: NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Raz
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Noa Ofen
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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10
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Plachti A, Latzman RD, Balajoo SM, Hoffstaedter F, Madsen KS, Baare W, Siebner HR, Eickhoff SB, Genon S. Hippocampal anterior- posterior shift in childhood and adolescence. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 225:102447. [PMID: 36967075 PMCID: PMC10185869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal-cortical networks play an important role in neurocognitive development. Applying the method of Connectivity-Based Parcellation (CBP) on hippocampal-cortical structural covariance (SC) networks computed from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images, we examined how the hippocampus differentiates into subregions during childhood and adolescence (N = 1105, 6-18 years). In late childhood, the hippocampus mainly differentiated along the anterior-posterior axis similar to previous reported functional differentiation patterns of the hippocampus. In contrast, in adolescence a differentiation along the medial-lateral axis was evident, reminiscent of the cytoarchitectonic division into cornu ammonis and subiculum. Further meta-analytical characterization of hippocampal subregions in terms of related structural co-maturation networks, behavioural and gene profiling suggested that the hippocampal head is related to higher order functions (e.g. language, theory of mind, autobiographical memory) in late childhood morphologically co-varying with almost the whole brain. In early adolescence but not in childhood, posterior subicular SC networks were associated with action-oriented and reward systems. The findings point to late childhood as an important developmental period for hippocampal head morphology and to early adolescence as a crucial period for hippocampal integration into action- and reward-oriented cognition. The latter may constitute a developmental feature that conveys increased propensity for addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Plachti
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital -Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital -Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William Baare
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital -Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital -Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Genon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; GIGA-CRC In vivo Imaging, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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11
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Tan J, Wang Z, Tang Y, Tian Y. Alterations in Human Hippocampus Subregions across the Lifespan: Reflections on White Matter Structure and Functional Connectivity. Neural Plast 2023; 2023:7948140. [PMID: 37025422 PMCID: PMC10072963 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7948140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During growth and aging, the role of the hippocampus in memory depends on its interactions with related brain regions. Particularly, two subregions, anterior hippocampus (aHipp) and posterior hippocampus (pHipp), play different and critical roles in memory processing. However, age-related changes of hippocampus subregions on structure and function are still unclear. Here, we investigated age-related structural and functional characteristics of 106 participants (7-85 years old) in resting state based on fractional anisotropy (FA) and functional connectivity (FC) in aHipp and pHipp in the lifespan. The correlation between FA and FC was also explored to identify the coupling. Furthermore, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) was used to explore the relationship between cognitive ability and hippocampal changes. Results showed that there was functional separation and integration in aHipp and pHipp, and the number of functional connections in pHipp was more than that in aHipp across the lifespan. The age-related FC changes showed four different trends (U-shaped/inverted U-shaped/linear upward/linear downward). And around the age of 40 was a critical period for transformation. Then, FA analyses indicated that all effects of age on the hippocampal structures were nonlinear, and the white matter integrity of pHipp was higher than that of aHipp. In the functional-structural coupling, we found that the age-related FA of the right aHipp (aHipp.R) was negatively related to the FC. Finally, through the WASI, we found that the age-related FA of the left aHipp (aHipp.L) was positively correlated with verbal IQ (VERB) and vocabulary comprehension (VOCAB.T), the FA of aHipp.R was only positively correlated with VERB, and the FA of the left pHipp (pHipp.L) was only positively correlated with VOCAB.T. These FC and FA results supported that age-related normal memory changes were closely related to the hippocampus subregions. We also provided empirical evidence that memory ability was altered with the hippocampus, and its efficiency tended to decline after age 40.
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12
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Kimbler A, McMakin DL, Tustison NJ, Mattfeld AT. Differential effects of emotional valence on mnemonic performance with greater hippocampal maturity. Learn Mem 2023; 30:55-62. [PMID: 36921982 PMCID: PMC10027236 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053628.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation (HF) facilitates declarative memory, with subfields providing unique contributions to memory performance. Maturational differences across subfields facilitate a shift toward increased memory specificity, with peripuberty sitting at the inflection point. Peripuberty is also a sensitive period in the development of anxiety disorders. We believe HF development during puberty is critical to negative overgeneralization, a common feature of anxiety disorders. To investigate this claim, we examined the relationship between mnemonic generalization and a cross-sectional pubertal maturity index (PMI) derived from partial least squares correlation (PLSC) analyses of subfield volumes and structural connectivity from T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted scans, respectively. Participants aged 9-14 yr, from clinical and community sources, performed a recognition task with emotionally valent (positive, negative, and neutral) images. HF volumetric PMI was positively associated with generalization for negative images. Hippocampal-medial prefrontal cortex connectivity PMI evidenced a behavioral relationship similar to that of the HF volumetric approach. These findings reflect a novel developmentally related balance between generalization behavior supported by the hippocampus and its connections with other regions, with maturational differences in this balance potentially contributing to negative overgeneralization during peripuberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kimbler
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Dana L McMakin
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Clinical Science Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Nicholas J Tustison
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Aaron T Mattfeld
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
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13
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Varela V, Evdokimidis I, Potagas C. Binding objects to their spatiotemporal context: Age gradient and neuropsychological correlates of What-Where-When task performance. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:214-226. [PMID: 34053387 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1924719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A number of recent studies have shown that the ability to accurately recall bound object and spatiotemporal aspects of an experienced event develops gradually in children and is greatly impaired in the elderly, reflecting developmental discontinuities in the integrity of the underlying medial temporal lobe network. Using a novel What-Where-When (WWW) visuospatial reconstruction task, the experiential memory performance of a group of healthy older adults (aged 60-80) was compared to that of a group of younger adults (aged 20-40). Both groups were equated on their general cognitive ability, their executive functioning, and on the presence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology. As hypothesized, the performance of the older adults in the binding task was significantly lower, with younger participants recalling three times the amount of bound object and spatiotemporal triads than their older counterparts. Psychomotor speed was found to be lower in older adults and was the only neuropsychological index to significantly affect success on the WWW binding task. Based on this and other relevant studies, the selective associative memory impairment obtained using a non-verbal What-Where-When paradigm emerges as a marker for the detection of early pre-clinical signs of experiential memory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Varela
- Eginition Hospital, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Evdokimidis
- Eginition Hospital, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin Potagas
- Eginition Hospital, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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14
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Liuzzi MT, Kryza-Lacombe M, Christian IR, Owen C, Redcay E, Riggins T, Dougherty LR, Wiggins JL. Irritability in early to middle childhood: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with resting state amygdala and ventral striatum connectivity. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101206. [PMID: 36736018 PMCID: PMC9918422 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritability is a common symptom that may affect children's brain development. This study aims to (1) characterize age-dependent and age-independent neural correlates of irritability in a sample of 4-8 year old children, and (2) examine early irritability as a predictor of change in brain connectivity over time. METHODS Typically developing children, ages 4-8 years, with varying levels of irritability were included. Resting state fMRI and parent-rated irritability (via Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL) were collected at up to three time points, resulting in a cross-sectional sample at baseline (N = 176, M = 6.27, SD = 1.49), and two subsamples consisting of children who were either 4 or 6 years old at baseline that were followed longitudinally for two additional timepoints, one- and two-years post-baseline. That is, a "younger" cohort (age 4 at baseline, n = 34, M age = 4.44, SD = 0.25) and an "older" cohort (age 6 at baseline, n = 29, M age = 6.50, SD = 0.30). Across our exploratory analyses, we examined how irritability related to seed-based intrinsic connectivity via whole-brain connectivity ANCOVAs using the left and right amygdala, and left and right ventral striatum as seed regions. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, higher levels of irritability were associated with greater amygdala connectivity with the posterior cingulate, controlling for child age. No age-dependent effects were observed in the cross-sectional analyses. Longitudinal analyses in the younger cohort revealed that early higher vs. lower levels of irritability, controlling for later irritability, were associated with decreases in amygdala and ventral striatum connectivity with multiple frontal and parietal regions over time. There were no significant findings in the older cohort. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that irritability is related to altered neural connectivity during rest regardless of age in early to middle childhood and that early childhood irritability may be linked to altered changes in neural connectivity over time. Understanding how childhood irritability interacts with neural processes can inform pathophysiological models of pediatric irritability and the development of targeted mechanistic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Liuzzi
- San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA,Correspondence to: 6363 Alvarado Ct., Ste 103, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Maria Kryza-Lacombe
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Cassidy Owen
- San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Redcay
- University of Maryland, Department of Psychology, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tracy Riggins
- University of Maryland, Department of Psychology, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lea R. Dougherty
- University of Maryland, Department of Psychology, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jillian Lee Wiggins
- San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
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15
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Ayoub LJ, Zhu J, Lee SJ, Mugisha N, Patel K, Duerden EG, Stinson J, Verriotis M, Noel M, Kong D, Moayedi M, McAndrews MP. Age-related effects on the anterior and posterior hippocampal volumes in 6-21 year olds: A model selection approach. Hippocampus 2023; 33:37-46. [PMID: 36519826 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although recent studies support significant differences in intrinsic structure, function, and connectivity along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, few studies have investigated the normative development of this dimension. In addition, factors known to influence hippocampal structure, such as sex or puberty, have yet to be characterized when assessing age-related effects on its subregions. This study addresses this gap by investigating the relationship of the anterior (antHC) and posterior (postHC) hippocampus volumes with age, and how these are moderated by sex or puberty, in structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 183 typically developing participants aged 6-21 years. Based on previous literature, we first anticipated that non-linear models would best represent the relationship between age and the antHC and postHC volumes. We found that age-related effects are region-specific, such that the antHC volume remains stable with increasing age, while the postHC shows a cubic function characterized by overall volume increase with age but a slower rate during adolescence. Second, we hypothesized that models, which include biological sex or pubertal status would best describe these relationships. Contrary to expectation, models comprising either biological sex or pubertal status did not significantly improve model performance. Further longitudinal research is needed to evaluate their effects on the antHC and postHC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth J Ayoub
- Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junhao Zhu
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven J Lee
- Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Mugisha
- Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Patel
- Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma G Duerden
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madeleine Verriotis
- Pain Research, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dehan Kong
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Massieh Moayedi
- Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Pat McAndrews
- Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Distinct multivariate structural brain profiles are related to variations in short- and long-delay memory consolidation across children and young adults. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 59:101192. [PMID: 36566622 PMCID: PMC9803921 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
From early to middle childhood, brain regions that underlie memory consolidation undergo profound maturational changes. However, there is little empirical investigation that directly relates age-related differences in brain structural measures to memory consolidation processes. The present study examined memory consolidation of intentionally studied object-location associations after one night of sleep (short delay) and after two weeks (long delay) in normally developing 5-to-7-year-old children (n = 50) and young adults (n = 39). Behavioural differences in memory retention rate were related to structural brain measures. Our results showed that children, in comparison to young adults, retained correctly learnt object-location associations less robustly over short and long delay. Moreover, using partial least squares correlation method, a unique multivariate profile comprised of specific neocortical (prefrontal, parietal, and occipital), cerebellar, and hippocampal head and subfield structures in the body was found to be associated with variation in short-delay memory retention. A different multivariate profile comprised of a reduced set of brain structures, mainly consisting of neocortical (prefrontal, parietal, and occipital), hippocampal head, and selective hippocampal subfield structures (CA1-2 and subiculum) was associated with variation in long-delay memory retention. Taken together, the results suggest that multivariate structural pattern of unique sets of brain regions are related to variations in short- and long-delay memory consolidation across children and young adults.
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17
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Dick AS, Ralph Y, Farrant K, Reeb-Sutherland B, Pruden S, Mattfeld AT. Volumetric development of hippocampal subfields and hippocampal white matter connectivity: Relationship with episodic memory. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22333. [PMID: 36426794 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a complex structure composed of distinct subfields. It has been central to understanding neural foundations of episodic memory. In the current cross-sectional study, using a large sample of 830, 3- to 21-year-olds from a unique, publicly available dataset we examined the following questions: (1) Is there elevated grey matter volume of the hippocampus and subfields in late compared to early development? (2) How does hippocampal volume compare with the rest of the cerebral cortex at different developmental stages? and (3) What is the relation between hippocampal volume and connectivity with episodic memory performance? We found hippocampal subfield volumes exhibited a nonlinear relation with age and showed a lag in volumetric change with age when compared to adjacent cortical regions (e.g., entorhinal cortex). We also observed a significant reduction in cortical volume across older cohorts, while hippocampal volume showed the opposite pattern. In addition to age-related differences in gray matter volume, dentate gyrus/cornu ammonis 3 volume was significantly related to episodic memory. We did not, however, find any associations with episodic memory performance and connectivity through the uncinate fasciculus, fornix, or cingulum. The results are discussed in the context of current research and theories of hippocampal development and its relation to episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Steven Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yvonne Ralph
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kristafor Farrant
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Shannon Pruden
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Aaron T Mattfeld
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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18
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Hoffman LJ, Ngo CT, Canada KL, Pasternak O, Zhang F, Riggins T, Olson IR. The fornix supports episodic memory during childhood. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5388-5403. [PMID: 35169831 PMCID: PMC9712741 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory relies on the coordination of widespread brain regions that reconstruct spatiotemporal details of an episode. These topologically dispersed brain regions can rapidly communicate through structural pathways. Research in animal and human lesion studies implicate the fornix-the major output pathway of the hippocampus-in supporting various aspects of episodic memory. Because episodic memory undergoes marked changes in early childhood, we tested the link between the fornix and episodic memory in an age window of robust memory development (ages 4-8 years). Children were tested on the stories subtest from the Children's Memory Scale, a temporal order memory task, and a source memory task. Fornix streamlines were reconstructed using probabilistic tractography to estimate fornix microstructure. In addition, we measured fornix macrostructure and computed free water. To assess selectivity of our findings, we also reconstructed the uncinate fasciculus. Findings show that children's memory increases from ages 4 to 8 and that fornix micro- and macrostructure increases between ages 4 and 8. Children's memory performance across nearly every memory task correlated with individual differences in fornix, but not uncinate fasciculus, white matter. These findings suggest that the fornix plays an important role in supporting the development of episodic memory, and potentially semantic memory, in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Hoffman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Chi T Ngo
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kelsey L Canada
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, 87 East Ferry St., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, 4094 Campus Dr., College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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19
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Contributions of memory and brain development to the bioregulation of naps and nap transitions in early childhood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123415119. [PMID: 36279436 PMCID: PMC9636905 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123415119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from multiple sleep bouts each day to a single overnight sleep bout (i.e., nap transition) is a universal process in human development. Naps are important during infancy and early childhood as they enhance learning through memory consolidation. However, a normal part of development is the transition out of naps. Understanding nap transitions is essential in order to maximize early learning and promote positive long-term cognitive outcomes. Here, we propose a novel hypothesis regarding the cognitive, physiological, and neural changes that accompany nap transitions. Specifically, we posit that maturation of the hippocampal-dependent memory network results in more efficient memory storage, which reduces the buildup of homeostatic sleep pressure across the cortex (as reflected by slow-wave activity), and eventually, contributes to nap transitions. This hypothesis synthesizes evidence of bioregulatory mechanisms underlying nap transitions and sheds new light on an important window of change in development. This framework can be used to evaluate multiple untested predictions from the field of sleep science and ultimately, yield science-based guidelines and policies regarding napping in childcare and early education settings.
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20
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Botdorf M, Dunstan J, Sorcher L, Dougherty LR, Riggins T. Socioeconomic disadvantage and episodic memory ability in the ABCD sample: Contributions of hippocampal subregion and subfield volumes. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101138. [PMID: 35907312 PMCID: PMC9335384 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with volumetric differences in stress-sensitive neural structures, including the hippocampus, and deficits in episodic memory. Rodent studies provide evidence that memory deficits arise via stress-related structural differences in hippocampal subdivisions; however, human studies have only provided limited evidence to support this notion. We used a sample of 10,695 9-13-year-old participants from two timepoints of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to assess whether socioeconomic disadvantage relates to episodic memory performance through hippocampal volumes. We explored associations among socioeconomic disadvantage, measured via the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), concurrent subregion (anterior, posterior) and subfield volumes (CA1, CA3, CA4/DG, subiculum), and episodic memory, assessed via the NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test at baseline and 2-year follow-up (Time 2). Results showed that higher baseline ADI related to smaller concurrent anterior, CA1, CA4/DG, and subiculum volumes and poorer Time 2 memory performance controlling for baseline memory. Moreover, anterior, CA1, and subiculum volumes mediated the longitudinal association between the ADI and memory. Results suggest that greater socioeconomic disadvantage relates to smaller hippocampal subregion and subfield volumes and less age-related improvement in memory. These findings shed light on the neural mechanisms linking socioeconomic disadvantage and cognitive ability in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Botdorf
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States; University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychology, United States.
| | - Jade Dunstan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Leah Sorcher
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Lea R Dougherty
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Tracy Riggins
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States
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21
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Benear SL, Horwath EA, Cowan E, Camacho MC, Ngo CT, Newcombe NS, Olson IR, Perlman SB, Murty VP. Children show adult-like hippocampal pattern similarity for familiar but not novel events. Brain Res 2022; 1791:147991. [PMID: 35772567 PMCID: PMC10103636 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect differences among similar events in our lives is a crucial aspect of successful episodic memory performance, which develops across early childhood. The neural substrate of this ability is supported by operations in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Here, we used representational similarity analysis (RSA) to measure neural pattern similarity in hippocampus, perirhinal cortex, and parahippocampal cortex for 4- to 10-year-old children and adults during naturalistic viewing of clips from the same compared to different movies. Further, we assessed the role of prior exposure to individual movie clips on pattern similarity in the MTL. In both age groups, neural pattern similarity in hippocampus was lower for clips drawn from the same movies compared to those drawn from different movies, suggesting that related content activates processes focused on keeping representations with shared content distinct. However, children showed this only for movies with which they had prior exposures, whereas adults showed the effect regardless of any prior exposures to the movies. These findings suggest that children require repeated exposure to stimuli to show adult-like MTL functioning in distinguishing among similar events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Benear
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Emily Cowan
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M Catalina Camacho
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University of St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Chi T Ngo
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora S Newcombe
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University of St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Vishnu P Murty
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
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22
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Coughlin C, Ben-Asher E, Roome HE, Varga NL, Moreau MM, Schneider LL, Preston AR. Interpersonal Family Dynamics Relate to Hippocampal CA Subfield Structure. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:872101. [PMID: 35784846 PMCID: PMC9247275 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.872101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Social environments that are extremely enriched or adverse can influence hippocampal volume. Though most individuals experience social environments that fall somewhere in between these extremes, substantially less is known about the influence of normative variation in social environments on hippocampal structure. Here, we examined whether hippocampal volume tracks normative variation in interpersonal family dynamics in 7- to 12-year-olds and adults recruited from the general population. We focused on interpersonal family dynamics as a prominent feature of one's social world. Given evidence that CA1 and CA2 play a key role in tracking social information, we related individual hippocampal subfield volumes to interpersonal family dynamics. More positive perceptions of interpersonal family dynamics were associated with greater CA1 and CA2/3 volume regardless of age and controlling for socioeconomic status. These data suggest that CA subfields are sensitive to normative variation in social environments and identify interpersonal family dynamics as an impactful environmental feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Coughlin
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Eliya Ben-Asher
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hannah E. Roome
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Nicole L. Varga
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Michelle M. Moreau
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lauren L. Schneider
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Alison R. Preston
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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23
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Botdorf M, Canada KL, Riggins T. A meta-analysis of the relation between hippocampal volume and memory ability in typically developing children and adolescents. Hippocampus 2022; 32:386-400. [PMID: 35301771 PMCID: PMC9313816 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory is supported by a network of brain regions, with the hippocampus serving a critical role in this cognitive process. Previous meta‐analyses on the association between hippocampal structure and memory have largely focused on adults. Multiple studies have since suggested that hippocampal volume is related to memory performance in children and adolescents; however, the strength and direction of this relation varies across reports, and thus, remains unclear. To further understand this brain–behavior relation, we conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the association between hippocampal volume (assessed as total volume) and memory during typical development. Across 25 studies and 61 memory outcomes with 1357 participants, results showed a small, but significant, positive association between total hippocampal volume and memory performance. Estimates of the variability across studies in the relation between total volume and memory were not explained by differences in memory task type (delayed vs. immediate; relational vs. nonrelational), participant age range, or the method of normalization of hippocampal volumes. Overall, findings suggest that larger total hippocampal volume relates to better memory performance in children and adolescents and that this relation is similar across the memory types and age ranges assessed. To facilitate enhanced generalization across studies in the future, we discuss considerations for the field moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Botdorf
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelsey L Canada
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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24
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Developmental differences in memory reactivation relate to encoding and inference in the human brain. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:415-428. [PMID: 34782728 PMCID: PMC8973118 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that children can draw on their memories to make novel inferences, it is unknown whether they do so through the same neural mechanisms as adults. We measured memory reinstatement as participants aged 7-30 years learned new, related information. While adults brought memories to mind throughout learning, adolescents did so only transiently, and children not at all. Analysis of trial-wise variability in reactivation showed that discrepant neural mechanisms-and in particular, what we interpret as suppression of interfering memories during learning in early adolescence-are nevertheless beneficial for later inference at each developmental stage. These results suggest that while adults build integrated memories well-suited to informing inference directly, children and adolescents instead must rely on separate memories to be individually referenced at the time of inference decisions.
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Canada KL, Hancock GR, Riggins T. Developmental changes in episodic memory across early- to mid-childhood: insights from a latent longitudinal approach. Memory 2022; 30:248-261. [PMID: 34825853 PMCID: PMC9133016 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.2006233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory is a cornerstone ability that allows one to recall past events and the spatiotemporal context in which they occur. In an effort to characterise the development of this critical ability, many different tasks have been used independently to assess age-related variations in episodic memory. However, performance on memory tasks is multiply determined, and the extent to which different tasks with varying features relate to each other and represent episodic memory as a latent cognitive construct across childhood is unclear. The present study sought to address this question by exploring the feasibility of using four different laboratory-based tasks to characterise changes in episodic memory ability during early- to mid-childhood in 200 typically developing children (4-8 years). Using longitudinal data and a structural equation modeling framework, results suggest that multiple tests of episodic memory can be utilised to indicate a comparable latent construct of episodic memory ability over this period of development, and that this ability improves consistently between 4 to 8 years. Overall, results highlight that episodic memory measured as a construct increases at a similar rate over early- to mid-childhood and demonstrate the benefits of using multiple laboratory tasks to characterise developmental changes in episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory R. Hancock
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park
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Keresztes A, Raffington L, Bender AR, Bögl K, Heim C, Shing YL. Longitudinal Developmental Trajectories Do Not Follow Cross-Sectional Age Associations in Hippocampal Subfield and Memory Development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101085. [PMID: 35278767 PMCID: PMC8917271 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Bouyeure A, Bekha D, Patil S, Hertz-Pannier L, Noulhiane M. OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex Commun 2022; 3:tgac004. [PMID: 35261977 PMCID: PMC8895309 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure-function relationship between white matter microstructure and episodic memory (EM) has been poorly studied in the developing brain, particularly in early childhood. Previous studies in adolescents and adults have shown that episodic memory recall is associated with prefrontal-limbic white matter microstructure. It is unknown whether this association is also observed during early ontogeny. Here, we investigated the association between prefrontal-limbic tract microstructure and EM performance in a cross-sectional sample of children aged 4 to 12 years. We used a multivariate partial least squares correlation approach to extract tract-specific latent variables representing shared information between age and diffusion parameters describing tract microstructure. Individual projections onto these latent variables describe patterns of interindividual differences in tract maturation that can be interpreted as scores of white matter tract microstructural maturity. Using these estimates of microstructural maturity, we showed that maturity scores of the uncinate fasciculus and dorsal cingulum bundle correlated with distinct measures of EM recall. Furthermore, the association between tract maturity scores and EM recall was comparable between younger and older children. Our results provide new evidence on the relation between white matter maturity and EM performance during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bouyeure
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Dhaif Bekha
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Sandesh Patil
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Hertz-Pannier
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Marion Noulhiane
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
- Corresponding author: UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Esterline K, Gómez RL. The Role of Sleep in Retention of New Words in Habitually and Non-Habitually Napping Children. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101320. [PMID: 34679385 PMCID: PMC8533952 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Daytime napping contributes to retention of new word learning in children. Importantly, children transition out of regular napping between ages 3–5 years, and the impact of this transition on memory is unclear. Here, we examined the performance of both non-habitually napping children (nap 0–3 days per week, n = 28) and habitually napping children (nap 4–7 days per week, n = 30) on a word learning task after a delay including either sleep or wakefulness. Children ages 3.5–4.5 years old experienced a brief exposure to two novel labels and their referents during training, a scenario that replicates learning experiences children encounter every day. After a 4-h delay, children were tested on the object-label associations. Using mixed effects logistic regression, we compared retention performance. Non-habitual nappers and habitual nappers displayed a different pattern of retention such that non-habitually napping children did equally well on a test of retention regardless of whether they napped or stayed awake during the delay. In contrast, habitually napping children needed a nap after learning to retain the novel object-label associations 4 h later. As a group, habitual nappers who remained awake after learning performed no better than chance on the retention test. As children transition out of naps, they may be less susceptible to interference and are better able to retain newly learned words across a delay including wakefulness.
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Solar KG, Treit S, Beaulieu C. High resolution diffusion tensor imaging of the hippocampus across the healthy lifespan. Hippocampus 2021; 31:1271-1284. [PMID: 34599623 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human hippocampus is difficult to image given its small size, location, shape, and complex internal architecture. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown age-related hippocampal volume changes that vary along the anterior-posterior axis. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides complementary measures related to microstructure, but there are few hippocampus DTI studies investigating change with age in healthy participants, and all have been limited by low spatial resolution. The current study uses high resolution 1 mm isotropic DTI of 153 healthy volunteers aged 5-74 years to investigate diffusion and volume trajectories of the hippocampus (whole, head, body, and tail) and correlations with memory. Hippocampal volume showed age-related changes that differed between head (peaking at midlife), body (no changes), and tail (decreasing across the age span). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean, axial, and radial diffusivities (MD, AD, RD) yielded peaks or minima, respectively, at ~30-35 years in all three subregions of the hippocampus. Greater magnitude changes were observed during development than in aging. Age trajectories for both volume and DTI were similar between males and females. Correlations between tests of memory and FA and/or volume were significant in younger subjects (5-17 years), but not in 18-49 year olds or 50-74 year olds. MD was significantly correlated with memory performance in 18-49 year olds, but not in other age groups. Given the diffusion-weighted image contrast and resolution, head digitations could be examined revealing that the majority of subjects had 3-4 (48%) or 2 (32%) bilaterally with no effect of age. One millimeter isotropic DTI yielded high quality diffusion-weighted maps of the human hippocampus that showed regionally specific age effects and cognitive correlations along the anterior-posterior axis from 5 to 74 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Grant Solar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Treit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Bouyeure A, Patil S, Mauconduit F, Poiret C, Isai D, Noulhiane M. Hippocampal subfield volumes and memory discrimination in the developing brain. Hippocampus 2021; 31:1202-1214. [PMID: 34448509 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to keep distinct memories of similar events is underpinned by a type of neural computation called pattern separation (PS). Children typically report coarse-grained memories narratives lacking specificity and detail. This lack of memory specificity is illustrative of an immature or impaired PS. Despite its importance for the ontogeny of memory, data regarding the maturation of PS during childhood is still scarce. PS is known to rely on the hippocampus, particularly on hippocampal subfields DG and CA3. In this study, we used a memory discrimination task, a behavioral proxy for PS, and manually segmented hippocampal subfields volumes in the hippocampal body in a cohort of 26 children aged from 5 to 12 years. We examined the association between subfields volumes and memory discrimination performance. The main results were: (1) we showed age-related differences of memory discrimination suggesting a continuous increase of memory performance during early to late childhood. (2) We evidenced distinct associations between age and the volumes of hippocampal subfield, suggesting distinct developmental trajectories. (3) We showed a relationship between memory discrimination performance and the volumes of CA3 and subiculum. Our results further confirm the role of CA3 in memory discrimination, and suggest to scrutinize more closely the role of the subiculum. Overall, we showed that hippocampal subfields contribute distinctively to PS during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bouyeure
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandesh Patil
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Franck Mauconduit
- BAOBAB, NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clément Poiret
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Damien Isai
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Noulhiane
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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31
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Papadopoulos A, Seguin D, Correa S, Duerden EG. Peer victimization and the association with hippocampal development and working memory in children with ADHD and typically-developing children. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16411. [PMID: 34385508 PMCID: PMC8360960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention displayed by children with ADHD put them at risk of experiencing peer victimization. Hippocampal maturation, may reduce a child's vulnerability to the experience of peer victimization, as it has been associated with decreased ADHD symptomatology. Working memory is an important executive function in the formation and maintenance of social relationships, which is often impaired in ADHD. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between problem behaviours, peer victimization, hippocampal morphology, and working memory in children with and without ADHD. 218 typically-developing participants (50.5% male) and 232 participants diagnosed with ADHD (77.6% male) were recruited. The ADHD group was subdivided into inattentive (ADHD-I) or combined (ADHD-C) types. The Child Behavior Checklist measured problem behaviours and peer victimization. Children underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Hippocampal subfield volumes were obtained using FreeSurfer. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fifth edition measured working memory (WM). The ADHD-C group displayed significantly higher levels of problem behaviours and peer victimization (all, p < 0.001), compared to the other groups. Left Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) volume was a positive predictor of peer victimization (all, p < 0.013). Left CA3 volume was a positive predictor of WM and left Cornu Ammonis 4 (CA4) volume negatively predicted WM (all, p < 0.025). A cluster analysis revealed that children displaying symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity are the most at risk for peer victimization. Interventions focusing on minimizing peer victimization may aid in mitigating adverse downstream effects, and assist in promoting brain health and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Papadopoulos
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1G7, Canada
| | - Diane Seguin
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Susana Correa
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1G7, Canada
| | - Emma G Duerden
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1G7, Canada.
- Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.
- Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.
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32
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Geng F, Xu W, Riggins T. Interactions between the hippocampus and fronto-parietal regions during memory encoding in early childhood. Hippocampus 2021; 32:108-120. [PMID: 34329507 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying memory encoding have received much attention in the literature. Research in adults and school-age children suggest that the hippocampus and cortical regions in both frontal and parietal areas are involved in successful formation of memories. Overall, the hippocampus has been shown to interact with fronto-parietal regions to collaboratively support successful memory encoding for both individual items as well as item details (such as the source or color in which the item was originally encountered). To date, only one study has investigated neural regions engaged during memory encoding in children younger than 8 years of age, which is unfortunate since early childhood is a period of dramatic improvement in memory. This previous study indicated that both the hippocampus and cortical regions are involved during the encoding of subsequently remembered item details (i.e., sources). However, this study reported few interactions between these regions, and it did not explore item memory at a more general level. To fill these gaps, this article reanalyzed data from the previous report, aiming to examine the neural correlates of item memory during encoding in early childhood (4-8 years) and interactions between the hippocampus and fronto-parietal regions during encoding. Consistent with research in older individuals, both the hippocampus and fronto-parietal regions were found to participate in item memory encoding. Additionally, functional connectivity between hippocampus and fronto-parietal regions was significantly related to both subsequent item memory and subsequent source memory. Taken together, these findings suggest that not only the activation of individual brain regions (hippocampus and fronto-parietal regions) but also the functional connections between these regions are important for memory encoding. These data add to the growing literature providing insight into how the hippocampus and cortical regions interact to support memory during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengji Geng
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Miller-Goldwater HE, Cronin-Golomb LM, Porter BM, Bauer PJ. Developmental differences in reactivation underlying self-derivation of new knowledge through memory integration. Cogn Psychol 2021; 129:101413. [PMID: 34304109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2021.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-derivation of novel facts through integration of memory content is fundamental to acquiring new knowledge and a means of building a semantic knowledge base. It involves combining memory content acquired across separate episodes of learning to generate new knowledge that was not explicitly taught in either episode. To self-derive, one needs to reactivate earlier learned memory content upon exposure to related content and then integrate the learning episodes. Previous research found developmental differences in the conditions under which integration occurs. Adults spontaneously integrate whereas 7- to 9-year-old children seemingly integrate only upon direct tests that verbally prompt for integration. Yet it is unclear whether children engage in the preliminary process of reactivation prior to the direct tests. To address this gap in the current research, we developed an eye-tracking paradigm and tested whether adults and 7- to 9-year-old children engage in the process of reactivation prior to direct tests. The direct tests verbally prompted for integration of memory content requiring self-derivation through both open-ended and forced-choice formats. Both adults and children engaged in reactivation prior to the direct tests. The extent of their reactivation predicted their performance on the direct tests. However, adults showed stronger evidence of reactivation and performed better than children on the direct tests. This work contributes to understandings of developmental differences in the underlying processes involved in the development of new knowledge.
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Ngo CT, Benear SL, Popal H, Olson IR, Newcombe NS. Contingency of semantic generalization on episodic specificity varies across development. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2690-2697.e5. [PMID: 33887184 PMCID: PMC8222141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semantic memory-general knowledge of ideas and concepts-includes generalization processes that support inference. Episodic memory, on the other hand, preserves the specificity of individual events by binding together unique combinations of elements from an episode and relies on pattern separation to distinguish similar experiences. These two memory systems play complementary roles, supporting different mnemonic goals, but the nature and extent of their interdependence is unclear.1,2 Some models suggest that new information is encoded initially as hippocampus-dependent episodic memory and then, either through repetition or gist extraction, becomes semantic over time.3,4 These models also posit a neocortical route to semantic memory acquisition exists that can bypass the hippocampus.3 Both proposed routes are slow learning mechanisms, yet generalization can occur rapidly. Recent models suggest that fast generalization relies, in part, on the retrieval of individual but related episodes.5,6 Such episodic memory gating mechanisms render fast generalization contingent on the memory specificity of instances, a pattern that has been observed in adults.7,8 None of these models take into account the observation that generalization and episodic specificity have asynchronous developmental profiles, with generalization emerging years before episodic memory.9,10 We ask two questions about generalized and specific memory during early childhood: first, is rapid generalization contingent on remembering specific past memories? And second, does the strength or nature of this contingency differ across development? We found that the interdependence of generalization and episodic memory varies across development: generalization success in adults, but not in children, was contingent on context binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi T Ngo
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susan L Benear
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haroon Popal
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nora S Newcombe
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Physical Activity, Fitness, School Readiness, and Cognition in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1004-1013. [PMID: 34140418 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood is an important age for brain and cognitive development. Given the support of physical activity and fitness on cognition and academic performance in older children, more research has emerged recently focusing on younger children. In this systematic review, the authors review the relations between physical activity/fitness and academic-related (ie, school readiness and cognitive) outcomes in early childhood. METHODS A search was conducted from PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ERIC databases, and reference lists for articles that had participants aged less than 6 years were written in English, and were in peer-reviewed journals. Articles were excluded if the design was a case study or case series report. The Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was followed to assess the quality of evidence by study design. RESULTS Sixty-eight articles reporting on 72 studies (29 observational and 43 experimental) were included. The majority of study effects were mixed, and the quality of evidence varied from very low to low. CONCLUSIONS A clear consensus about the role of physical activity and fitness on academic-related outcomes in early childhood is still lacking given the high heterogeneity in methodological approaches and overall effects. Additional high-quality studies are needed to determine what specific dosages of physical activity are impactful at this age.
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Benear SL, Ngo CT, Olson IR, Newcombe NS. Understanding relational binding in early childhood: Interacting effects of overlap and delay. J Exp Child Psychol 2021; 208:105152. [PMID: 33895601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memories typically share overlapping elements in distinctive combinations, and to be valuable for future behavior they need to withstand delays. There is relatively little work on whether children have special difficulty with overlap or withstanding delay. However, Yim, Dennis, and Sloutsky (Psychological Science, 2013, Vol. 24, pp. 2163-2172) suggested that extensive overlap is more problematic for younger children, and Darby and Sloutsky (Psychological Science, 2015, Vol. 26, pp. 1937-1946) reported that a 48-h delay period actually improves children's memory for overlapping pairs of items. In the current study, we asked how children's episodic memory is affected by stimulus overlap, delay, and age using visual stimuli containing either overlapping or unique item pairs. Children aged 4 and 6 years were tested both immediately and after a 24-h delay. As expected, older children performed better than younger children, and both age groups performed worse on overlapping pairs. Surprisingly, the 24-h delay had only a marginal effect on overall accuracy. Although there were no interactions, when errors were examined, there was evidence that delay buffered memory for overlapping pairs against cross-contextual confusion for younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Benear
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Chi T Ngo
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Nora S Newcombe
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Canada KL, Hancock GR, Riggins T. Modeling longitudinal changes in hippocampal subfields and relations with memory from early- to mid-childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100947. [PMID: 33774332 PMCID: PMC8039550 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has been suggested to show protracted postnatal developmental growth across childhood. Most previous studies during this developmental period have been cross-sectional in nature and have focused on age-related differences in either hippocampal subregions or subfields, but not both, potentially missing localized changes. This study capitalized on a latent structural equation modeling approach to examine the longitudinal development of hippocampal subfields (cornu ammonis (CA) 2-4/dentate gyrus (DG), CA1, subiculum) in both the head and the body of the hippocampus, separately, in 165 typically developing 4- to 8-year-old children. Our findings document differential development of subfields within hippocampal head and body. Specifically, within hippocampal head, CA1 volume increased between 4-5 years and within hippocampal body, CA2-4/DG and subiculum volume increased between 5-6 years. Additionally, changes in CA1 volume in the head and changes in subiculum in the body between 4-5 years related to improvements in memory between 4-5 years. These findings demonstrate the protracted development of subfields in vivo during early- to mid-childhood, illustrate the importance of considering subfields separately in the head and body of the hippocampus, document co-occurring development of brain and behavior, and highlight the strength of longitudinal data and latent modeling when examining brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.
| | - Gregory R Hancock
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
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38
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Lokhandwala S, Spencer RMC. Slow wave sleep in naps supports episodic memories in early childhood. Dev Sci 2021; 24:e13035. [PMID: 32881204 PMCID: PMC7988587 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Naps have been shown to benefit visuospatial learning in early childhood. This benefit has been associated with sleep spindles during the nap. However, whether young children's naps and their accompanying physiology benefit other forms of declarative learning is unknown. Using a novel storybook task, we found performance in children (N = 22, mean age = 51.23 months) was better following a nap compared to performance following an equivalent interval spent awake. Moreover, performance remained better the following day if a nap followed learning. Change in post-nap performance was positively associated with the amount of time spent in slow wave sleep during the nap. This suggests that slow wave sleep in naps may support episodic memory consolidation in early childhood. Taken in conjunction with prior work, these results suggest that multiple features of brain physiology during naps may contribute to declarative memory processing in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Lokhandwala
- Department of Psychological & Brain SciencesUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
- Developmental Science ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
| | - Rebecca M. C. Spencer
- Department of Psychological & Brain SciencesUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
- Developmental Science ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
- Neuroscience & Behavior ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
- Institute for Applied Life SciencesUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
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39
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Hubachek S, Botdorf M, Riggins T, Leong HC, Klein DN, Dougherty LR. Hippocampal subregion volume in high-risk offspring is associated with increases in depressive symptoms across the transition to adolescence. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:358-366. [PMID: 33348179 PMCID: PMC7856102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. This study examined whether youth hippocampal subregion volumes were differentially associated with maternal depression history and youth's depressive symptoms across the transition to adolescence. METHODS 74 preadolescent offspring (Mage=10.74+/-0.84 years) of mothers with (n = 33) and without a lifetime depression history (n = 41) completed a structural brain scan. Youth depressive symptoms were assessed with clinical interviews and mother- and youth-reports prior to the neuroimaging assessment at age 9 (Mage=9.08+/-0.29 years), at the neuroimaging assessment, and in early adolescence (Mage=12.56+/-0.40 years). RESULTS Maternal depression was associated with preadolescent offspring's reduced bilateral hippocampal head volumes and increased left hippocampal body volume. Reduced bilateral head volumes were associated with offspring's increased concurrent depressive symptoms. Furthermore, reduced right hippocampal head volume mediated associations between maternal depression and increases in offspring depressive symptoms from age 9 to age 12. LIMITATIONS This study included a modest-sized sample that was oversampled for early temperamental characteristics, one neuroimaging assessment, and no correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Findings implicate reductions in hippocampal head volume in the intergenerational transmission of risk from parents to offspring.
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40
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Geng F, Botdorf M, Riggins T. How Behavior Shapes the Brain and the Brain Shapes Behavior: Insights from Memory Development. J Neurosci 2021; 41:981-990. [PMID: 33318054 PMCID: PMC7880274 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2611-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Source memory improves substantially during childhood. This improvement is thought to be closely related to hippocampal maturation. As previous studies have mainly used cross-sectional designs to assess relations between source memory and hippocampal function, it remains unknown whether changes in the brain precede improvements in memory or vice versa. To address this gap, the current study used an accelerated longitudinal design (n = 200, 100 males) to follow 4- and 6-year-old human children for 3 years. We traced developmental changes in source memory and intrinsic hippocampal functional connectivity and assessed differences between the 4- and 6-year-old cohorts in the predictive relations between source memory changes and intrinsic hippocampal functional connectivity in the absence of a demanding task. Consistent with previous studies, there were age-related increases in source memory and intrinsic functional connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical regions known to be involved during memory encoding. Novel findings showed that changes in memory ability early in life predicted later connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical regions and that intrinsic hippocampal functional connectivity predicted later changes in source memory. These findings suggest that behavioral experience and brain development are interactive, bidirectional processes, such that experience shapes future changes in the brain and the brain shapes future changes in behavior. Results also suggest that both timing and location matter, as the observed effects depended on both children's age and the specific brain ROIs. Together, these findings add critical insight into the interactive relations between cognitive processes and their underlying neurologic bases during development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cross-sectional studies have shown that the ability to remember the contextual details of previous experiences (i.e., source memory) is related to hippocampal development in childhood. It is unknown whether hippocampal functional changes precede improvements in memory or vice versa. By using an accelerated longitudinal design, we found that early source memory changes predicted later intrinsic hippocampal functional connectivity and that this connectivity predicted later source memory changes. These findings suggest that behavioral experience and brain development are interactive, bidirectional processes, such that experience shapes future changes in the brain and the brain shapes future behavioral changes. Moreover, these interactions varied as a function of children's age and brain region, highlighting the importance of a developmental perspective when investigating brain-behavior interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengji Geng
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052
| | - Morgan Botdorf
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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41
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Recognition Memory in Noonan Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020169. [PMID: 33572736 PMCID: PMC7910957 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) and the clinically related NS with multiple lentiginous (NMLS) are genetic conditions characterized by upregulated RAS mitogen activated protein kinase (RAS-MAPK) signaling, which is known to impact hippocampus-dependent memory formation and consolidation. The aim of the present study was to provide a detailed characterization of the recognition memory of children and adolescents with NS/NMLS. We compared 18 children and adolescents affected by NS and NMLS with 22 typically developing (TD) children, matched for chronological age and non-verbal Intelligence Quotient (IQ), in two different experimental paradigms, to assess familiarity and recollection: a Process Dissociation Procedure (PDP) and a Task Dissociation Procedure (TDP). Differences in verbal skills between groups, as well as chronological age, were considered in the analysis. Participants with NS and NSML showed reduced recollection in the PDP and impaired associative recognition in the TDP, compared to controls. These results indicate poor recollection in the recognition memory of participants with NS and NSML, which cannot be explained by intellectual disability or language deficits. These results provide evidence of the role of mutations impacting RAS-MAPK signaling in the disruption of hippocampal memory formation and consolidation.
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Pan G, Cheng J, Shen W, Lin Y, Zhu A, Jin L, Xie Q, Zhu M, Liu C, Tu F, Chen X. Intensive treadmill training promotes cognitive recovery after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in juvenile rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 401:113085. [PMID: 33358915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation training is routine for children who experience stroke, but its protective mechanism remains unclear. To study the effect of treadmill training intensity on hippocampal synaptic plasticity after cerebral ischemia, a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion was established in young rats to simulate childhood ischemic stroke. The rats were randomly allocated into five groups: sham operation, MCAO, low-intensity exercise and MCAO (5 m/min), medium-intensity exercise and MCAO (10 m/min), and high-intensity exercise and MCAO (15 m/min). Intervention was continued for 14 days, and a series of experimental tests were conducted. After MCAO, the juvenile rats exhibited a series of morphological and functional alterations, including changes in their neurobehavior and cerebral infarct volumes. Compared with control rats, MCAO rats had a longer escape latency and crossed fewer platforms in the water maze test and exhibited decreased hippocampal neuron density and Synapsin I and PSD95 expression. Furthermore, MCAO rats exhibited synapse morphology changes and abnormal serum levels of lactic acid and corticosterone. Treadmill training effectively reduced the neurobehavioral scores and cerebral infarction volumes, with medium-intensity training showing the best effect. Treadmill training shortened the escape latency, increased the number of platform crossings, and improved the spatial cognitive abilities of the rats, with the medium intensity training having the best effect on spatial learning/memory efficiency. Treadmill training increased the neuron density in the hippocampus, with the medium-intensity training resulting in the highest density. Treadmill training had a positive effect on the expression of Synapsin I and PSD95, with the medium-intensity training showing the strongest effect. Treadmill training improved the sub-microstructure synapse morphology, with the medium-intensity training demonstrating the best effect. Treadmill training increased the plasma levels of lactic acid and corticosterone, with the high-intensity training having the most obvious effect. Treadmill training can provide neuroprotection by promoting hippocampal synaptic plasticity, with medium-intensity training showing the most optimal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyan Cheng
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.300, Shouchun Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weimin Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anqi Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingqin Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfeng Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingjin Zhu
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengxia Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Sämann PG, Iglesias JE, Gutman B, Grotegerd D, Leenings R, Flint C, Dannlowski U, Clarke‐Rubright EK, Morey RA, Erp TG, Whelan CD, Han LKM, Velzen LS, Cao B, Augustinack JC, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N, Schmaal L. FreeSurfer
‐based segmentation of hippocampal subfields: A review of methods and applications, with a novel quality control procedure for
ENIGMA
studies and other collaborative efforts. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 43:207-233. [PMID: 33368865 PMCID: PMC8805696 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural hippocampal abnormalities are common in many neurological and psychiatric disorders, and variation in hippocampal measures is related to cognitive performance and other complex phenotypes such as stress sensitivity. Hippocampal subregions are increasingly studied, as automated algorithms have become available for mapping and volume quantification. In the context of the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis Consortium, several Disease Working Groups are using the FreeSurfer software to analyze hippocampal subregion (subfield) volumes in patients with neurological and psychiatric conditions along with data from matched controls. In this overview, we explain the algorithm's principles, summarize measurement reliability studies, and demonstrate two additional aspects (subfield autocorrelation and volume/reliability correlation) with illustrative data. We then explain the rationale for a standardized hippocampal subfield segmentation quality control (QC) procedure for improved pipeline harmonization. To guide researchers to make optimal use of the algorithm, we discuss how global size and age effects can be modeled, how QC steps can be incorporated and how subfields may be aggregated into composite volumes. This discussion is based on a synopsis of 162 published neuroimaging studies (01/2013–12/2019) that applied the FreeSurfer hippocampal subfield segmentation in a broad range of domains including cognition and healthy aging, brain development and neurodegeneration, affective disorders, psychosis, stress regulation, neurotoxicity, epilepsy, inflammatory disease, childhood adversity and posttraumatic stress disorder, and candidate and whole genome (epi‐)genetics. Finally, we highlight points where FreeSurfer‐based hippocampal subfield studies may be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Eugenio Iglesias
- Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London UK
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts US
- Computer Science and AI Laboratory (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge Massachusetts US
| | - Boris Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA
| | | | - Ramona Leenings
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Claas Flint
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Münster Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Emily K. Clarke‐Rubright
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Theo G.M. Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior University of California Irvine California USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory University of California Irvine Irvine California USA
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Laura K. M. Han
- Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Laura S. Velzen
- Orygen Parkville Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts US
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen Parkville Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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Ghetti S, Fandakova Y. Neural Development of Memory and Metamemory in Childhood and Adolescence: Toward an Integrative Model of the Development of Episodic Recollection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-060320-085634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Memory and metamemory processes are essential to retrieve detailed memories and appreciate the phenomenological experience of recollection. Developmental cognitive neuroscience has made strides in revealing the neural changes associated with improvements in memory and metamemory during childhood and adolescence. We argue that hippocampal changes, in concert with surrounding cortical regions, support developmental improvements in the precision, complexity, and flexibility of memory representations. In contrast, changes in frontoparietal regions promote efficient encoding and retrieval strategies. A smaller body of literature on the neural substrates of metamemory development suggests that error monitoring processes implemented in the anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex trigger, and perhaps support the development of, metacognitive evaluationsin the prefrontal cortex, while developmental changes in the parietal cortex support changes in the phenomenological experience of episodic retrieval. Our conclusions highlight the necessity of integrating these lines of research into a comprehensive model on the neurocognitive development of episodic recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ghetti
- Department of Psychology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California 95618, USA
| | - Yana Fandakova
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Habitual sleep is associated with both source memory and hippocampal subfield volume during early childhood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15304. [PMID: 32943722 PMCID: PMC7499159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has established important developmental changes in sleep and memory during early childhood. These changes have been linked separately to brain development, yet few studies have explored their interrelations during this developmental period. The goal of this report was to explore these associations in 200 (100 female) typically developing 4- to 8-year-old children. We examined whether habitual sleep patterns (24-h sleep duration, nap status) were related to children’s performance on a source memory task and hippocampal subfield volumes. Results revealed that, across all participants, after controlling for age, habitual sleep duration was positively related to source memory performance. In addition, in younger (4–6 years, n = 67), but not older (6–8 years, n = 70) children, habitual sleep duration was related to hippocampal head subfield volume (CA2-4/DG). Moreover, within younger children, volume of hippocampal subfields varied as a function of nap status; children who were still napping (n = 28) had larger CA1 volumes in the body compared to children who had transitioned out of napping (n = 39). Together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that habitually napping children may have more immature cognitive networks, as indexed by hippocampal integrity. Furthermore, these results shed additional light on why sleep is important during early childhood, a period of substantial brain development.
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46
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Callow DD, Canada KL, Riggins T. Microstructural Integrity of the Hippocampus During Childhood: Relations With Age and Source Memory. Front Psychol 2020; 11:568953. [PMID: 33041934 PMCID: PMC7525028 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a brain structure known to be important for memory. However, studies examining relations between hippocampal volume and memory across development yield mixed results. This may be due in part to the fact that volume is a coarser measure of hippocampal composition. Studies have begun to examine measures of diffusion, which capture characteristics of the microstructure of the hippocampus, and thus may provide additional information about the integrity of the underlying neural circuits. The present study applied this approach to a developmental period characterized by dramatic changes in both hippocampal microstructure and memory behavior - early childhood. Specifically, measures of hippocampal microstructural integrity were related to age and source memory performance in 93 children aged 4-8 years. Results revealed significant negative associations between hippocampal mean diffusivity and both age and memory, even after controlling for differences in hippocampal volume. These results suggest that hippocampal diffusion may provide additional, independent information about hippocampal integrity compared to volume, particularly during early childhood when important developmental changes have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kelsey L. Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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47
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Reinhardt VP, Iosif AM, Libero L, Heath B, Rogers SJ, Ferrer E, Nordahl C, Ghetti S, Amaral D, Solomon M. Understanding Hippocampal Development in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:1069-1079. [PMID: 31449875 PMCID: PMC9940822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined growth trajectories of hippocampal volume (HV) in early childhood in a longitudinal cohort of male and female participants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) individuals, and investigated HV in those with large brains. Relations between factors potentially associated with hippocampal size and growth were investigated. METHOD Participants received 1 to 3 structural magnetic resonance imaging scans between ages 25 and 80 months (unique participants: ASD, n =200; TD, n =110; total longitudinal scans, n = 593). HV growth during this period was examined using mixed-effects linear models. Associations between early HV and growth rates, and IQ and adaptive functioning, were evaluated. RESULTS After accounting for cerebral hemisphere volume, male participants exhibited larger left and right HV than female participants. Hippocampal growth rates did not differ by sex. In children with larger hemisphere volumes, male and female participants with ASD had relatively larger HV than TD participants of similar hemisphere volume. This effect was present in a broader group than only those with disproportionate megalencephaly (male participants with large cerebral volumes relative to body size). Right hippocampi were larger than left hippocampi in both groups and sexes. Right versus left volume differences were greater for ASD. After adjusting for hemisphere volume, male participants with ASD showed a significant positive association between right hippocampal growth and adaptive behavior. CONCLUSION HV was relatively greater in ASD in analyses adjusting for hemisphere volume, whereas only subtle differences were observed in HV and growth between participants with ASD and TD participants in unadjusted analyses, suggesting that ASD involves atypical coupling between HV and brain size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Amaral
- University of California, Davis; MIND Institute, Davis, California
| | - Marjorie Solomon
- University of California, Davis; MIND Institute, Davis, California; UC Davis Imaging Research Center, Davis, California.
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48
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Canada KL, Ngo CT, Newcombe NS, Geng F, Riggins T. It's All in the Details: Relations Between Young Children's Developing Pattern Separation Abilities and Hippocampal Subfield Volumes. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3427-3433. [PMID: 30192932 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to keep similar experiences separate in memory is critical for forming unique and lasting memories, as many events share overlapping features (e.g., birthday parties, holidays). Research on memory in young children suggests their memories often lack high-resolution details, i.e., show impoverished pattern separation (PS). Recently developed assessments of PS suitable for children allow us to relate the formation of distinct, detailed memories for the development of the hippocampus, a neural structure critical for this ability in adults. The hippocampus displays a protracted developmental profile and underlies the ability to form detailed memories. This study examined age-related differences in hippocampal subfield volumes in 4- to 8-year-old children and relations with performance on a mnemonic similarity task (MST) designed to index memory specificity. Results revealed age-moderated associations between MST performance and cornu ammonis 2-4/dentate gyrus subfields. Specifically, age-related differences in the ability to form detailed memories tracked with normative patterns of volume increases followed by reductions over this age range. That is, greater volume correlated with better performance in younger children, whereas smaller volume correlated with better performance in older children. These findings support the hypothesis that developmental differences in hippocampal circuitry contribute to age-related improvements in detailed memory formation during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chi T Ngo
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nora S Newcombe
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fengji Geng
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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49
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Merz EC, He X, Myers B, Noble KG. Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Chronic Stress, and Hippocampal Subfield Development in Children. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520931098. [PMID: 32637937 PMCID: PMC7323261 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520931098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that hair cortisol concentrations significantly mediate associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and reduced hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus volumes in children. In this commentary, we discuss these results and highlight important future research directions, including focusing on hippocampal subfield structural development in relation to episodic memory and mental health; the mechanistic role of excitatory amino acids, such as glutamate; and how chronic stress and cognitive stimulation may make unique proximal contributions to socioeconomic differences in hippocampal subfield volume. Building on the findings in these ways will contribute to advances in strategies aimed at reducing socioeconomic disparities in academic achievement and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Merz
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Xiaofu He
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent Myers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kimberly G Noble
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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50
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Canada KL, Pathman T, Riggins T. Longitudinal Development of Memory for Temporal Order in Early to Middle Childhood. J Genet Psychol 2020; 181:237-254. [PMID: 32252609 PMCID: PMC7446139 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2020.1741504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Existing studies examining the development of temporal order memory show that although young children perform above chance on some tasks assessing temporal order memory, there are significant age-related differences across childhood. Yet, the trajectory of children's ability to retrieve temporal order remains unclear as existing conclusions are drawn from cross-sectional studies. The present study utilized an accelerated longitudinal design in order to characterize the developmental trajectory of temporal order memory in a sample of 200 healthy 4- to 8-year-old children. Specifically, two tasks commonly used in the literature were tested longitudinally: a primacy judgment task and an ordering task. Results revealed that, even after controlling for differences in IQ, linearly increasing trajectories characterized age-related change in performance for both tasks; however, change appeared greater for the temporal ordering task. Further, performance on the two tasks was positively related, suggesting shared underlying mechanisms. These findings provide a more thorough understanding of temporal order memory in early to middle childhood by characterizing the developmental trajectories of two commonly used tasks and have important implications for our understanding of children's developing memory more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College
Park, USA
| | | | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College
Park, USA
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