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Lin N, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang S. The organization of the semantic network as reflected by the neural correlates of six semantic dimensions. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 250:105388. [PMID: 38295716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sensory-motor and non-sensory-motor dimensions have been proposed for semantic representation, but it remains unclear how the semantic system is organized along them in the human brain. Using naturalistic fMRI data and large-scale semantic ratings, we investigated the overlaps and dissociations between the neural correlates of six semantic dimensions: vision, motor, socialness, emotion, space, and time. Our findings revealed a more complex semantic atlas than what is predicted by current neurobiological models of semantic representation. Brain regions that are selectively sensitive to specific semantic dimensions were found both within and outside the brain networks assumed to represent multimodal general and/or abstract semantics. Overlaps between the neural correlates of different semantic dimensions were mainly found inside the default mode network, concentrated in the left anterior superior temporal gyrus and angular gyrus, which have been proposed as two connector hubs that bridge the multimodal experiential semantic system and the language-supported semantic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, CAS, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, CAS, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wat EK, Jangraw DC, Finn ES, Bandettini PA, Preston JL, Landi N, Hoeft F, Frost SJ, Lau A, Chen G, Pugh KR, Molfese PJ. Will you read how I will read? Naturalistic fMRI predictors of emergent reading. Neuropsychologia 2024; 193:108763. [PMID: 38141965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite reading being an essential and almost universal skill in the developed world, reading proficiency varies substantially from person to person. To study why, the fMRI field is beginning to turn from single-word or nonword reading tasks to naturalistic stimuli like connected text and listening to stories. To study reading development in children just beginning to read, listening to stories is an appropriate paradigm because speech perception and phonological processing are important for, and are predictors of, reading proficiency. Our study examined the relationship between behavioral reading-related skills and the neural response to listening to stories in the fMRI environment. Functional MRI were gathered in a 3T TIM-Trio scanner. During the fMRI scan, children aged approximately 7 years listened to professionally narrated common short stories and answered comprehension questions following the narration. Analyses of the data used inter-subject correlation (ISC), and representational similarity analysis (RSA). Our primary finding is that ISC reveals areas of increased synchrony in both high- and low-performing emergent readers previously implicated in reading ability/disability. Of particular interest are that several previously identified brain regions (medial temporal gyrus (MTG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), inferior temporal gyrus (ITG)) were found to "synchronize" across higher reading ability participants, while lower reading ability participants had idiosyncratic activation patterns in these regions. Additionally, two regions (superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and another portion of ITG) were recruited by all participants, but their specific timecourse of activation depended on reading performance. These analyses support the idea that different brain regions involved in reading follow different developmental trajectories that correlate with reading proficiency on a spectrum rather than the usual dichotomy of poor readers versus strong readers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Jangraw
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Emily S Finn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Multimodal Neuroimaging, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan L Preston
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Landi
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, USA
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Airey Lau
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth R Pugh
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, USA; Department of Linguistics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter J Molfese
- Center for Multimodal Neuroimaging, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Cartocci G, Inguscio BMS, Giliberto G, Vozzi A, Giorgi A, Greco A, Babiloni F, Attanasio G. Listening Effort in Tinnitus: A Pilot Study Employing a Light EEG Headset and Skin Conductance Assessment during the Listening to a Continuous Speech Stimulus under Different SNR Conditions. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1084. [PMID: 37509014 PMCID: PMC10377270 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background noise elicits listening effort. What else is tinnitus if not an endogenous background noise? From such reasoning, we hypothesized the occurrence of increased listening effort in tinnitus patients during listening tasks. Such a hypothesis was tested by investigating some indices of listening effort through electroencephalographic and skin conductance, particularly parietal and frontal alpha and electrodermal activity (EDA). Furthermore, tinnitus distress questionnaires (THI and TQ12-I) were employed. Parietal alpha values were positively correlated to TQ12-I scores, and both were negatively correlated to EDA; Pre-stimulus frontal alpha correlated with the THI score in our pilot study; finally, results showed a general trend of increased frontal alpha activity in the tinnitus group in comparison to the control group. Parietal alpha during the listening to stimuli, positively correlated to the TQ12-I, appears to reflect a higher listening effort in tinnitus patients and the perception of tinnitus symptoms. The negative correlation between both listening effort (parietal alpha) and tinnitus symptoms perception (TQ12-I scores) with EDA levels could be explained by a less responsive sympathetic nervous system to prepare the body to expend increased energy during the "fight or flight" response, due to pauperization of energy from tinnitus perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cartocci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Research and Development, BrainSigns Ltd., 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Serena Inguscio
- Department of Research and Development, BrainSigns Ltd., 00198 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Giliberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Vozzi
- Department of Research and Development, BrainSigns Ltd., 00198 Rome, Italy
- SAIMLAL Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giorgi
- Department of Research and Development, BrainSigns Ltd., 00198 Rome, Italy
- SAIMLAL Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Babiloni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Research and Development, BrainSigns Ltd., 00198 Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310005, China
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Explaining neural activity in human listeners with deep learning via natural language processing of narrative text. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17838. [PMID: 36284195 PMCID: PMC9596412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep learning (DL) approaches may also inform the analysis of human brain activity. Here, a state-of-art DL tool for natural language processing, the Generative Pre-trained Transformer version 2 (GPT-2), is shown to generate meaningful neural encodings in functional MRI during narrative listening. Linguistic features of word unpredictability (surprisal) and contextual importance (saliency) were derived from the GPT-2 applied to the text of a 12-min narrative. Segments of variable duration (from 15 to 90 s) defined the context for the next word, resulting in different sets of neural predictors for functional MRI signals recorded in 27 healthy listeners of the narrative. GPT-2 surprisal, estimating word prediction errors from the artificial network, significantly explained the neural data in superior and middle temporal gyri (bilaterally), in anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, and in the left prefrontal cortex. GPT-2 saliency, weighing the importance of context words, significantly explained the neural data for longer segments in left superior and middle temporal gyri. These results add novel support to the use of DL tools in the search for neural encodings in functional MRI. A DL language model like the GPT-2 may feature useful data about neural processes subserving language comprehension in humans, including next-word context-related prediction.
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Wu W, Morales M, Patel T, Pickering MJ, Hoffman P. Modulation of brain activity by psycholinguistic information during naturalistic speech comprehension and production. Cortex 2022; 155:287-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Russo AG, De Martino M, Elia A, Di Salle F, Esposito F. Negative correlation between word-level surprisal and intersubject neural synchronization during narrative listening. Cortex 2022; 155:132-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Manara R, Ponticorvo S, Perrotta S, Barillari MR, Costa G, Brotto D, Di Concilio R, Ciancio A, De Michele E, Carafa PA, Canna A, Russo AG, Troisi D, Caiazza M, Ammendola F, Roberti D, Santoro C, Picariello S, Valentino MS, Inserra E, Carfora R, Cirillo M, Raimo S, Santangelo G, di Salle F, Esposito F, Tartaglione I. Auditory cortex hypoperfusion: a metabolic hallmark in Beta Thalassemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:349. [PMID: 34353346 PMCID: PMC8340544 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensorineural hearing loss in beta-thalassemia is common and it is generally associated with iron chelation therapy. However, data are scarce, especially on adult populations, and a possible involvement of the central auditory areas has not been investigated yet. We performed a multicenter cross-sectional audiological and single-center 3Tesla brain perfusion MRI study enrolling 77 transfusion-dependent/non transfusion-dependent adult patients and 56 healthy controls. Pure tone audiometry, demographics, clinical/laboratory and cognitive functioning data were recorded. Results Half of patients (52%) presented with high-frequency hearing deficit, with overt hypoacusia (Pure Tone Average (PTA) > 25 dB) in 35%, irrespective of iron chelation or clinical phenotype. Bilateral voxel clusters of significant relative hypoperfusion were found in the auditory cortex of beta-thalassemia patients, regardless of clinical phenotype. In controls and transfusion-dependent (but not in non-transfusion-dependent) patients, the relative auditory cortex perfusion values increased linearly with age (p < 0.04). Relative auditory cortex perfusion values showed a significant U-shaped correlation with PTA values among hearing loss patients, and a linear correlation with the full scale intelligence quotient (right side p = 0.01, left side p = 0.02) with its domain related to communication skills (right side p = 0.04, left side p = 0.07) in controls but not in beta-thalassemia patients. Audiometric test results did not correlate to cognitive test scores in any subgroup. Conclusions In conclusion, primary auditory cortex perfusion changes are a metabolic hallmark of adult beta-thalassemia, thus suggesting complex remodeling of the hearing function, that occurs regardless of chelation therapy and before clinically manifest hearing loss. The cognitive impact of perfusion changes is intriguing but requires further investigations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01969-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Manara
- Neuroradiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Ponticorvo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Angela Ciancio
- Unità Operativa Ematologia - Day Hospital di Talassemia, Ospedale "Madonna Delle Grazie", Matera, Italy
| | - Elisa De Michele
- Medicina Trasfusionale AUO "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Canna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerardo Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Donato Troisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Ammendola
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Roberti
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Santoro
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Picariello
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Valentino
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Inserra
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Carfora
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco di Salle
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Tartaglione
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Beier EJ, Chantavarin S, Rehrig G, Ferreira F, Miller LM. Cortical Tracking of Speech: Toward Collaboration between the Fields of Signal and Sentence Processing. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:574-593. [PMID: 33475452 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing number of studies have used cortical tracking methods to investigate auditory language processing. Although most studies that employ cortical tracking stem from the field of auditory signal processing, this approach should also be of interest to psycholinguistics-particularly the subfield of sentence processing-given its potential to provide insight into dynamic language comprehension processes. However, there has been limited collaboration between these fields, which we suggest is partly because of differences in theoretical background and methodological constraints, some mutually exclusive. In this paper, we first review the theories and methodological constraints that have historically been prioritized in each field and provide concrete examples of how some of these constraints may be reconciled. We then elaborate on how further collaboration between the two fields could be mutually beneficial. Specifically, we argue that the use of cortical tracking methods may help resolve long-standing debates in the field of sentence processing that commonly used behavioral and neural measures (e.g., ERPs) have failed to adjudicate. Similarly, signal processing researchers who use cortical tracking may be able to reduce noise in the neural data and broaden the impact of their results by controlling for linguistic features of their stimuli and by using simple comprehension tasks. Overall, we argue that a balance between the methodological constraints of the two fields will lead to an overall improved understanding of language processing as well as greater clarity on what mechanisms cortical tracking of speech reflects. Increased collaboration will help resolve debates in both fields and will lead to new and exciting avenues for research.
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