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Bi Y, Duan W, Silver J. Collagen I is a critical organizer of scarring and CNS regeneration failure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.592424. [PMID: 38766123 PMCID: PMC11100746 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Although axotomized neurons retain the ability to initiate the formation of growth cones and attempt to regenerate after spinal cord injury, the scar area formed as a result of the lesion in most adult mammals contains a variety of reactive cells that elaborate multiple extracellular matrix and enzyme components that are not suitable for regrowth 1,2 . Newly migrating axons in the vicinity of the scar utilize upregulated LAR family receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases, such as PTPσ, to associate with extracellular chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which have been discovered to tightly entrap the regrowing axon tip and transform it into a dystrophic non-growing endball. The scar is comprised of two compartments, one in the lesion penumbra, the glial scar, composed of reactive microglia, astrocytes and OPCs; and the other in the lesion epicenter, the fibrotic scar, which is made up of fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. While the fibrotic scar is known to be strongly inhibitory, even more so than the glial scar, the molecular determinants that curtail axon elongation through the injury core are largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that one sole member of the entire family of collagens, collagen I, creates an especially potent inducer of endball formation and regeneration failure. The inhibitory signaling is mediated by mechanosensitive ion channels and RhoA activation. Staggered systemic administration of two blood-brain barrier permeable-FDA approved drugs, aspirin and pirfenidone, reduced fibroblast incursion into the complete lesion and dramatically decreased collagen I, as well as CSPG deposition which were accompanied by axonal growth and considerable functional recovery. The anatomical substrate for robust axonal regeneration was provided by laminin producing GFAP + and NG2 + bridging cells that spanned the wound. Our results reveal a collagen I-mechanotransduction axis that regulates axonal regrowth in spinal cord injury and raise a promising strategy for rapid clinical application.
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O'Connell CJ, Reeder EL, Hymore JA, Brown RS, Notorgiacomo GA, Collins SM, Gudelsky GA, Robson MJ. Transcriptomic dynamics governing serotonergic dysregulation in the dorsal raphe nucleus following mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114695. [PMID: 38246304 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a leading cause of disability in the United States, with neuropsychiatric disturbances such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and social disturbances being common comorbidities following injury. The molecular mechanisms driving neuropsychiatric complications following neurotrauma are not well understood and current FDA-approved pharmacotherapies employed to ameliorate these comorbidities lack desired efficacy. Concerted efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of and identify novel drug candidates for treating neurotrauma-elicited neuropsychiatric sequelae are clearly needed. Serotonin (5-HT) is linked to the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, however our understanding of how various forms of TBI directly affect 5-HT neurotransmission is limited. 5-HT neurons originate in the raphe nucleus (RN) of the midbrain and project throughout the brain to regulate diverse behavioral phenotypes. We hypothesize that the characterization of the dynamics governing 5-HT neurotransmission after injury will drive the discovery of novel drug targets and lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms associated with neuropsychiatric disturbances following mild TBI (mTBI). Herein, we provide evidence that closed-head mTBI alters total DRN 5-HT levels, with RNA sequencing of the DRN revealing injury-derived alterations in transcripts required for the development, identity, and functional stability of 5-HT neurons. Further, using gene ontology analyses combined with immunohistological analyses, we have identified a novel mechanism of transcriptomic control within 5-HT neurons that may directly influence 5-HT neuron identity/function post-injury. These studies provide molecular evidence of injury-elicited 5-HT neuron dysregulation, data which may expedite the identification of novel therapeutic targets to attenuate TBI-elicited neuropsychiatric sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Connell
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Evan L Reeder
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacob A Hymore
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ryan S Brown
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Sean M Collins
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gary A Gudelsky
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew J Robson
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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3
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Kisner A, Polter AM. Maturation of glutamatergic transmission onto dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:626-637. [PMID: 38380827 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00037.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) play important roles early in postnatal development in the maturation and modulation of higher-order emotional, sensory, and cognitive circuitry. The pivotal functions of these cells in brain development make them a critical substrate by which early experience can be wired into the brain. In this study, we investigated the maturation of synapses onto dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons in typically developing male and female mice using whole cell patch-clamp recordings in ex vivo brain slices. We show that while inhibition of these neurons is relatively stable across development, glutamatergic synapses greatly increase in strength between postnatal day 6 (P6) and P21-23. In contrast to forebrain regions, where the components making up glutamatergic synapses are dynamic across early life, we find that DRN excitatory synapses maintain a very high ratio of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and a rectifying component of the AMPA response until adulthood. Overall, these findings reveal that the development of serotonergic neurons is marked by a significant refinement of glutamatergic synapses during the first three postnatal weeks. This suggests this time is a sensitive period of heightened plasticity for the integration of information from upstream brain areas. Genetic and environmental insults during this period could lead to alterations in serotonergic output, impacting both the development of forebrain circuits and lifelong neuromodulatory actions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Serotonergic neurons are regulators of both the development of and ongoing activity in neuronal circuits controlling affective, cognitive, and sensory processing. Here, we characterize the maturation of extrinsic synaptic inputs onto these cells, showing that the first three postnatal weeks are a period of synaptic refinement and a potential window for experience-dependent plasticity in response to both enrichment and adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kisner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Abigail M Polter
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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Shibayama K, Nakajo H, Tanimoto Y, Kakinuma H, Shiraki T, Tsuboi T, Okamoto H. The serotonergic neurons derived from rhombomere 2 are localized in the median raphe and project to the dorsal pallium in zebrafish. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00039-7. [PMID: 38447890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The serotonergic neurons in the raphe nucleus are implicated in various cognitive functions such as learning and emotion. In vertebrates, the raphe nucleus is divided into the dorsal raphe and the median raphe. In contrast to the abundance of knowledge on the functions of the dorsal raphe, the roles of the serotonergic neurons in the median raphe are relatively unknown. The studies using zebrafish revealed that the median raphe serotonergic neurons receive input from the two distinct pathways from the habenula and the IPN. The use of zebrafish may reveal the function of the Hb-IPN-median raphe pathway. To clarify the functions of the median raphe serotonergic neurons, it is necessary to distinguish them from those in the dorsal raphe. Most median raphe serotonergic neurons originate from rhombomere 2 in mice, and we generated the transgenic zebrafish which can label the serotonergic neurons derived from rhombomere 2. In this study, we found the serotonergic neurons derived from rhombomere 2 are localized in the median raphe and project axons to the rostral dorsal pallium in zebrafish. This study suggests that this transgenic system has the potential to specifically reveal the function and information processing of the Hb-IPN-raphe-telencephalon circuit in learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shibayama
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Haruna Nakajo
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanimoto
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hisaya Kakinuma
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shiraki
- Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; RIKEN CBS-Kao Collaboration Center, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Lead contact.
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5
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Nagayasu K. Integrative Research of Neuropharmacology and Informatics Pharmacology for Mental Disorder. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:556-561. [PMID: 38432911 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mental illness poses a huge social burden, accounting for approximately 14% of all deaths. Depression, a major component of mental illness, affects approximately 300 million people worldwide, mainly in developed countries, and is not only a major social burden but also a cause of suicide. The social burden of depression is estimated to increase further in developing countries, and overcoming it is a pressing issue for all countries, including Japan. Although clinical evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of serotonergic neurotransmission enhancers in the treatment of depression, the full picture of their therapeutic effects has not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we show that the hyperactivity of serotonin neurons, especially those in the dorsal raphe nucleus, is commonly induced by various antidepressants within a period corresponding to the onset of their clinical efficacy. We established quantitative prediction methods for pharmacological activity using only chemical structures to translate the biological understanding of mental disorders, including major depressive disorders, into clinically effective therapeutics. Our method exhibited better performance than the previously reported methods of quantitative prediction, while targeting a larger number of proteins. Our article suggests the importance of integrative neuropharmacology and informatics-based pharmacology studies to understand the biological basis of mental disorders and facilitate drug development for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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6
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Martin H, Coursan A, Lallement J, Di Miceli M, Kandiah J, Raho I, Buttler J, Guilloux JP, De Deurwaerdere P, Layé S, Routh VH, Guiard BP, Magnan C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Fioramonti X. Serotonergic neurons are involved in the counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13344. [PMID: 37857383 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intensive insulin therapy provides optimal glycemic control in patients with diabetes. However, intensive insulin therapy causes so-called iatrogenic hypoglycemia as a major adverse effect. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) has been described as the primary brain area initiating the counter-regulatory response (CRR). Nevertheless, the VMH receives projections from other brain areas which could participate in the regulation of the CRR. In particular, studies suggest a potential role of the serotonin (5-HT) network. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the contribution of 5-HT neurons in CRR control. METHODS Complementary approaches have been used to test this hypothesis in quantifying the level of 5-HT in several brain areas by HPLC in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, measuring the electrical activity of dorsal raphe (DR) 5-HT neurons in response to insulin or decreased glucose level by patch-clamp electrophysiology; and measuring the CRR hormone glucagon as an index of the CRR to the modulation of the activity of 5-HT neurons using pharmacological or pharmacogenetic approaches. RESULTS HPLC measurements show that the 5HIAA/5HT ratio is increased in several brain regions including the VMH in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings show that insulin, but not decreased glucose level, increases the firing frequency of DR 5-HT neurons in the DR. In vivo, both the pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT neurons by intraperitoneal injection of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT or the chemogenetic inhibition of these neurons reduce glucagon secretion, suggesting an impaired CRR. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data highlight a new neuronal network involved in the regulation of the CRR. In particular, this study shows that DR 5-HT neurons detect iatrogenic hypoglycemia in response to the increased insulin level and may play an important role in the regulation of CRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Martin
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adeline Coursan
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Mathieu Di Miceli
- Worcester Biomedical Research Group, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Janany Kandiah
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ilyès Raho
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jasmine Buttler
- INCIA, UMR CNRS, Bordeaux University, Neurocampus, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Layé
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vanessa H Routh
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
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7
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Cheng H, Lou Q, Lai N, Chen L, Zhang S, Fei F, Gao C, Wu S, Han F, Liu J, Guo Y, Chen Z, Xu C, Wang Y. Projection-defined median raphe Pet + subpopulations are diversely implicated in seizure. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 189:106358. [PMID: 37977434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The raphe nuclei, the primary resource of forebrain 5-HT, play an important but heterogeneous role in regulating subcortical excitabilities. Fundamental circuit organizations of different median raphe (MR) subsystems are far from completely understood. In the present study, using cell-specific viral tracing, Ca2+ fiber photometry and epilepsy model, we map out the forebrain efferent and afferent of different MR Pet+ subpopulations and their divergent roles in epilepsy. We found that PetMR neurons send both collateral and parallel innervations to different downstream regions through different subpopulations. Notably, CA3-projecting PetMR subpopulations are largely distinct from habenula (Hb)-projecting PetMR subpopulations in anatomical distribution and topological organization, while majority of the CA3-projecting PetMR subpopulations are overlapped with the medial septum (MS)-projecting PetMR subpopulations. Further, using Ca2+ fiber photometry, we monitor activities of PetMR neurons in hippocampal-kindling seizure, a classical epilepsy model with pathological mechanisms caused by excitation-inhibition imbalance. We found that soma activities of PetMR neurons are heterogeneous during different periods of generalized seizures. These divergent activities are contributed by different projection-defined PetMR subpopulations, manifesting as increased activities in CA3 but decreased activity in Hb resulting from their upstream differences. Together, our findings provide a novel framework of MR subsystems showing that projection-defined MR Pet+ subpopulations are topologically heterogenous with divergent circuit connections and are diversely implicated in seizures. This may help in the understanding of heterogeneous nature of MR 5-HTergic subsystems and the paradox roles of 5-HTergic systems in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qiuwen Lou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Nanxi Lai
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chenshu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jinggen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cenglin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310061, China.
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8
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Xu T, Cao L, Duan J, Li Y, Li Y, Hu Z, Li S, Zhang M, Wang G, Guo F, Lu J. Uncovering the role of FOXA2 in the Development of Human Serotonin Neurons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303884. [PMID: 37679064 PMCID: PMC10646255 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Directed differentiation of serotonin neurons (SNs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides a valuable tool for uncovering the mechanism of human SN development and the associated neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous studies report that FOXA2 is expressed by serotonergic progenitors (SNPs) and functioned as a serotonergic fate determinant in mouse. However, in the routine differentiation experiments, it is accidentally found that less SNs and more non-neuronal cells are obtained from SNP stage with higher percentage of FOXA2-positive cells. This phenomenon prompted them to question the role of FOXA2 as an intrinsic fate determinant for human SN differentiation. Herein, by direct differentiation of engineered hPSCs into SNs, it is found that the SNs are not derived from FOXA2-lineage cells; FOXA2-knockout hPSCs can still differentiate into mature and functional SNs with typical serotonergic identity; FOXA2 overexpression suppresses the SN differentiation, indicating that FOXA2 is not intrinsically required for human SN differentiation. Furthermore, repressing FOXA2 expression by retinoic acid (RA) and dynamically modulating Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway promotes human SN differentiation. This study uncovers the role of FOXA2 in human SN development and improves the differentiation efficiency of hPSCs into SNs by repressing FOXA2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lining Cao
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinjin Duan
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yingqi Li
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - You Li
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhangsen Hu
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuanqing Li
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Meihui Zhang
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guanhao Wang
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Suzhou Institute of Tongji University, Suzhou, 215101, China
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9
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Maddaloni G, Chang YJ, Senft RA, Dymecki SM. A brain circuit and neuronal mechanism for decoding and adapting to change in daylength. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557218. [PMID: 37745319 PMCID: PMC10515809 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in daylight amount (photoperiod) drive pronounced alterations in physiology and behaviour1,2. Adaptive responses to seasonal photoperiods are vital to all organisms - dysregulation is associated with disease, from affective disorders3 to metabolic syndromes4. Circadian rhythm circuitry has been implicated5,6 yet little is known about the precise neural and cellular substrates that underlie phase synchronization to photoperiod change. Here we present a previously unknown brain circuit and novel system of axon branch-specific and reversible neurotransmitter deployment that together prove critical for behavioural and sleep adaptation to photoperiod change. We found that the recently defined neuron type called mrEn1-Pet17 located in the mouse brainstem Median Raphe Nucleus (MRN) segregates serotonin versus VGLUT3 (here proxy for the neurotransmitter glutamate) to different axonal branches innervating specific brain regions involved in circadian rhythm and sleep/wake timing8,9. We found that whether measured during the light or dark phase of the day this branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons was indistinguishable; however, it strikingly reorganizes on photoperiod change. Specifically, axonal boutons but not cell soma show a shift in neurochemical phenotype upon change away from equinox light/dark conditions that reverses upon return to equinox. When we genetically disabled the deployment of VGLUT3 in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons, we found that sleep/wake periods and voluntary activity failed to synchronize to the new photoperiod or was significantly delayed. Combining intersectional rabies virus tracing and projection-specific neuronal silencing in vivo, we delineated a Preoptic Area-to-mrEn1Pet1 connection responsible for decoding the photoperiodic inputs, driving the neurochemical shift and promoting behavioural synchronization. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized brain circuit along with a novel form of periodic, branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment that together regulate organismal adaptation to photoperiod changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maddaloni
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
| | - Y J Chang
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
| | - R A Senft
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
| | - S M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
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10
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Shin Y, Kim S, Sohn JW. Serotonergic regulation of appetite and sodium appetite. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13328. [PMID: 37525500 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized and released from the brainstem raphe nuclei to affect many brain functions. It is well known that the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons is changed in response to the changes in feeding status to regulate appetite via the serotonin receptors. Likewise, changes in volume status are known to alter the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons and drugs targeting serotonin receptors were shown to affect sodium appetite. Therefore, the central serotonin system appears to regulate ingestion of both food and salt, although neural mechanisms that induce appetite in response to hunger and sodium appetite in response to volume depletion are largely distinct from each other. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge regarding the regulation of ingestion - appetite and sodium appetite - by the central serotonin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurim Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seungjik Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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11
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Gonye EC, Bayliss DA. Criteria for central respiratory chemoreceptors: experimental evidence supporting current candidate cell groups. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1241662. [PMID: 37719465 PMCID: PMC10502317 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An interoceptive homeostatic system monitors levels of CO2/H+ and provides a proportionate drive to respiratory control networks that adjust lung ventilation to maintain physiologically appropriate levels of CO2 and rapidly regulate tissue acid-base balance. It has long been suspected that the sensory cells responsible for the major CNS contribution to this so-called respiratory CO2/H+ chemoreception are located in the brainstem-but there is still substantial debate in the field as to which specific cells subserve the sensory function. Indeed, at the present time, several cell types have been championed as potential respiratory chemoreceptors, including neurons and astrocytes. In this review, we advance a set of criteria that are necessary and sufficient for definitive acceptance of any cell type as a respiratory chemoreceptor. We examine the extant evidence supporting consideration of the different putative chemoreceptor candidate cell types in the context of these criteria and also note for each where the criteria have not yet been fulfilled. By enumerating these specific criteria we hope to provide a useful heuristic that can be employed both to evaluate the various existing respiratory chemoreceptor candidates, and also to focus effort on specific experimental tests that can satisfy the remaining requirements for definitive acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Gonye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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12
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Feng YY, Bromberg-Martin ES, Monosov IE. Dorsal raphe neurons signal integrated value during multi-attribute decision-making. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553745. [PMID: 37662243 PMCID: PMC10473596 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is implicated in psychiatric disorders that feature impaired sensitivity to reward amount, impulsivity when facing reward delays, and risk-seeking when grappling with reward uncertainty. However, whether and how DRN neurons signal reward amount, reward delay, and reward uncertainty during multi-attribute value-based decision-making, where subjects consider all these attributes to make a choice, is unclear. We recorded DRN neurons as monkeys chose between offers whose attributes, namely expected reward amount, reward delay, and reward uncertainty, varied independently. Many DRN neurons signaled offer attributes. Remarkably, these neurons commonly integrated offer attributes in a manner that reflected monkeys' overall preferences for amount, delay, and uncertainty. After decision-making, in response to post-decision feedback, these same neurons signaled signed reward prediction errors, suggesting a broader role in tracking value across task epochs and behavioral contexts. Our data illustrate how DRN participates in integrated value computations, guiding theories of DRN in decision-making and psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ilya E. Monosov
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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13
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Jang S, Park I, Choi M, Kim J, Yeo S, Huh SO, Choi JW, Moon C, Choe HK, Choe Y, Kim K. Impact of the circadian nuclear receptor REV-ERBα in dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons on social interaction behavior, especially social preference. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1806-1819. [PMID: 37537215 PMCID: PMC10474013 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Social interaction among conspecifics is essential for maintaining adaptive, cooperative, and social behaviors, along with survival among mammals. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neuronal system is an important neurotransmitter system for regulating social behaviors; however, the circadian role of 5-HT in social interaction behaviors is unclear. To investigate whether the circadian nuclear receptor REV-ERBα, a transcriptional repressor of the rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) gene in 5-HT biosynthesis, may affect social interaction behaviors, we generated a conditional knockout (cKO) mouse by targeting Rev-Erbα in dorsal raphe (DR) 5-HT neurons (5-HTDR-specific REV-ERBα cKO) using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system and assayed social behaviors, including social preference and social recognition, with a three-chamber social interaction test at two circadian time (CT) points, i.e., at dawn (CT00) and dusk (CT12). The genetic ablation of Rev-Erbα in DR 5-HTergic neurons caused impaired social interaction behaviors, particularly social preference but not social recognition, with no difference between the two CT points. This deficit of social preference induced by Rev-Erbα in 5-HTDR-specific mice is functionally associated with real-time elevated neuron activity and 5-HT levels at dusk, as determined by fiber-photometry imaging sensors. Moreover, optogenetic inhibition of DR to nucleus accumbens (NAc) 5-HTergic circuit restored the impairment of social preference in 5-HTDR-specific REV-ERBα cKO mice. These results suggest the significance of the circadian regulation of 5-HT levels by REV-ERBα in regulating social interaction behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Jang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Inah Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Choi
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungeun Yeo
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Oh Huh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Kyoung Choe
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Oubraim S, Shen RY, Haj-Dahmane S. Oxytocin excites dorsal raphe serotonin neurons and bidirectionally gates their glutamate synapses. iScience 2023; 26:106707. [PMID: 37250336 PMCID: PMC10214716 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) modulates wide spectrum of social and emotional behaviors via modulation of numerous neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin (5-HT). However, how OXT controls the function of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5-HT neurons remains unknown. Here, we reveal that OXT excites and alters the firing pattern of 5-HT neurons via activation of postsynaptic OXT receptors (OXTRs). In addition, OXT induces cell-type-specific depression and potentiation of DRN glutamate synapses by two retrograde lipid messengers, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonic acid (AA), respectively. Neuronal mapping demonstrates that OXT preferentially potentiates glutamate synapses of 5-HT neurons projecting to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and depresses glutamatergic inputs to 5-HT neurons projecting to lateral habenula (LHb) and central amygdala (CeA). Thus, by engaging distinct retrograde lipid messengers, OXT exerts a target-specific gating of glutamate synapses on the DRN. As such, our data uncovers the neuronal mechanisms by which OXT modulates the function of DRN 5-HT neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Oubraim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Roh-Yu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- University at Buffalo Neuroscience Program, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Samir Haj-Dahmane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- University at Buffalo Neuroscience Program, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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15
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Quan X, Yu C, Fan Z, Wu T, Qi C, Zhang H, Wu S, Wang X. Hydralazine plays an immunomodulation role of pro-regeneration in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114367. [PMID: 36858281 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe motor and sensory dysfunction with no effective therapy. Spinal cord debris (sp) from injured spinal cord evokes secondary SCI continuously. We and other researchers have previously clarified that it is mainly bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) infiltrating in the lesion epicenter to clear sp, rather than local microglia. Unfortunately, the pro-inflammatory phenotype of these infiltrating BMDMs is predominant which impairs wound healing. Hydralazine, as a potent vasodilator and scavenger of acrolein, has protective effects in many diseases. Hydralazine is also confirmed to promote motor function and hypersensitivity in SCI rats through scavenging acrolein. However, few studies have explored the effects of hydralazine on immunomodulation, as well as spontaneous pain and emotional response, the important syndromes in clinical patients. It remains unclear whether hydralazine affects infiltrating BMDMs after SCI. In this study, we targeted BMDMs to explore the influence of hydralazine on immune cells in a mouse model of SCI, and also investigated the contribution of polarized BMDMs to hydralazine-induced neurological function recovery after SCI in male mice. The adult male mice underwent T10 spinal cord compression. The results showed that in addition to improving motor function and hypersensitivity, hydralazine relieved SCI-induced spontaneous pain and emotional response, which is a newly discovered function of hydralazine. Hydralazine inhibited the recruitments of pro-inflammatory BMDMs and educated infiltrated BMDMs to a more reparative phenotype involving in multiple biological processes associated with SCI pathology, including immune/inflammation response, neurogenesis, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, fibrosis formation, and angiogenesis, etc. As an overall effect, hydralazine-treated BMDMs loaden with sp partially rescued neurological function after SCI. It is concluded that hydralazine plays an immunomodulation role of educating pro-inflammatory BMDMs to a more reparative phenotype; and hydralazine-educated BMDMs contribute to hydralazine-induced improvement of neurological function in SCI mice, which provides support for drug and cell treatment options for SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Quan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Caiyong Yu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Military Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhongmin Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioprative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chuchu Qi
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Haoying Zhang
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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16
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Dunn GA, Thompson JR, Mitchell AJ, Papadakis S, Selby M, Fair D, Gustafsson HC, Sullivan EL. Perinatal Western-style diet alters serotonergic neurons in the macaque raphe nuclei. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1067479. [PMID: 36704012 PMCID: PMC9872117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1067479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The neurotransmitter serotonin is a key regulator of neurotransmission, mood, and behavior and is essential in neurodevelopment. Dysfunction in this important neurotransmitter system is connected to behavioral disorders such as depression and anxiety. We have previously shown that the developing serotonin system is sensitive to perinatal exposure to Western-style diet (WSD). Methods To advance our hypothesis that perinatal WSD has a long-term impact on the serotonergic system, we designed a fluorescent immunohistochemistry experiment using antibodies against tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) to probe protein expression in the raphe subnuclei in 13-month-old Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata; n = 22). VGLUT3 has been shown to be coexpressed in TPH2+ cells in the dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe nucleus (MnR) of rodent raphe nuclei and may provide information about the projection site of serotonergic fibers into the forebrain. We also sought to improve scientific understanding of the heterogeneity of the serotonin production center for the central nervous system, the midbrain raphe nuclei. Results In this immunohistochemical study, we provide the most detailed characterization of the developing primate raphe to date. We utilize multi-level modeling (MLM) to simultaneously probe the contribution of WSD, offspring sex, and raphe anatomical location, to raphe neuronal measurements. Our molecular and morphological characterization revealed that the 13-month-old macaque DR is remarkably similar to that of adult macaques and humans. We demonstrate that vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3), which rodent studies have recently shown can distinguish raphe populations with distinct projection targets and behavioral functions, likewise contributes to the heterogeneity of the primate raphe. Discussion This study provides evidence that perinatal WSD has a long-term impact on the density of serotonin-producing neurons, potentially limiting serotonin availability throughout the brain. Due to the critical involvement of serotonin in development and behavior, these findings provide important insight into the mechanisms by which maternal nutrition and metabolic state influence offspring behavioral outcomes. Finally, these findings could inform future research focused on designing therapeutic interventions to optimize neural development and decrease a child's risk of developing a mental health disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A. Dunn
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | | | - A J Mitchell
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Samantha Papadakis
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthew Selby
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Damien Fair
- Masonic Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hanna C. Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elinor L. Sullivan
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,*Correspondence: Elinor L. Sullivan,
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17
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Median raphe serotonergic neurons projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus control preference and aversion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7708. [PMID: 36550097 PMCID: PMC9780347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate processing of reward and aversive information is essential for survival. Although a critical role of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in reward processing has been shown, the lack of rewarding effects with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) implies the presence of a discrete serotonergic system playing an opposite role to the DRN in the processing of reward and aversive stimuli. Here, we demonstrated that serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus (MRN) of mice process reward and aversive information in opposite directions to DRN serotonergic neurons. We further identified MRN serotonergic neurons, including those projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus (5-HTMRN→IPN), as a key mediator of reward and aversive stimuli. Moreover, 5-HT receptors, including 5-HT2A receptors in the interpeduncular nucleus, are involved in the aversive properties of MRN serotonergic neural activity. Our findings revealed an essential function of MRN serotonergic neurons, including 5-HTMRN→IPN, in the processing of reward and aversive stimuli.
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18
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Cai P, Wang FD, Yao J, Wang WF, Hu YD, Liu RF, Li ZS, Zhu ZH, Cai YT, Lin ZH, Tang WT, Zhuang CW, Xiao WH, Zeng YH, Huang SN, Fu Z, Wang WX, Chen L. Regulation of wakefulness by GABAergic dorsal raphe nucleus-ventral tegmental area pathway. Sleep 2022; 45:6717880. [PMID: 36161495 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has previously been proved to be involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake behavior. DRN contains several neuron types, such as 5-HTergic and GABAergic neurons. GABAergic neurons, which are the second largest cell subtype in the DRN, participate in a variety of neurophysiological functions. However, their role in sleep-wake regulation and the underlying neural circuitry remains unclear. Herein, we used fiber photometry and synchronous electroencephalogram (EEG)/electromyography (EMG) recording to demonstrate that DRN GABAergic neurons exhibit high activities during wakefulness and low activities during NREM sleep. Short-term optogenetic activation of DRN GABAergic neurons reduced the latency of NREM-to-wake transition and increased the probability of wakefulness, while long-term optogenetic activation of these neurons significantly increased the amount of wakefulness. Chemogenetic activation of DRN GABAergic neurons increased wakefulness for almost 2 h and maintained long-lasting arousal. In addition, inhibition of DRN GABAergic neurons with chemogenetics caused a reduction in the amount of wakefulness. Finally, similar to the effects of activating the soma of DRN GABAergic neurons, optogenetic stimulation of their terminals in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) induced instant arousal and promoted wakefulness. Taken together, our results illustrated that DRN GABAergic neurons are vital to the induction and maintenance of wakefulness, which promote wakefulness through the GABAergic DRN-VTA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cai
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Fu-Dan Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Feng Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Duan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Ren-Fu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zhang-Shu Li
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Tong Cai
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Lin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Tao Tang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Cong-Wen Zhuang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Hao Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Huang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
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19
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Depression-Associated Negr1 Gene-Deficiency Induces Alterations in the Monoaminergic Neurotransmission Enhancing Time-Dependent Sensitization to Amphetamine in Male Mice. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121696. [PMID: 36552158 PMCID: PMC9776224 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In GWAS studies, the neural adhesion molecule encoding the neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) gene has been consistently linked with both depression and obesity. Although the linkage between NEGR1 and depression is the strongest, evidence also suggests the involvement of NEGR1 in a wide spectrum of psychiatric conditions. Here we show the expression of NEGR1 both in tyrosine- and tryptophan hydroxylase-positive cells. Negr1-/- mice show a time-dependent increase in behavioral sensitization to amphetamine associated with increased dopamine release in both the dorsal and ventral striatum. Upregulation of transcripts encoding dopamine and serotonin transporters and higher levels of several monoamines and their metabolites was evident in distinct brain areas of Negr1-/- mice. Chronic (23 days) escitalopram-induced reduction of serotonin and dopamine turnover is enhanced in Negr1-/- mice, and escitalopram rescued reduced weight of hippocampi in Negr1-/- mice. The current study is the first to show alterations in the brain monoaminergic systems in Negr1-deficient mice, suggesting that monoaminergic neural circuits contribute to both depressive and obesity-related phenotypes linked to the human NEGR1 gene.
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20
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Yu XD, Zhu Y, Sun QX, Deng F, Wan J, Zheng D, Gong W, Xie SZ, Shen CJ, Fu JY, Huang H, Lai HY, Jin J, Li Y, Li XM. Distinct serotonergic pathways to the amygdala underlie separate behavioral features of anxiety. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1651-1663. [PMID: 36446933 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety-like behaviors in mice include social avoidance and avoidance of bright spaces. Whether these features are distinctly regulated is unclear. We demonstrate that in mice, social and anxiogenic stimuli, respectively, increase and decrease serotonin (5-HT) levels in basal amygdala (BA). In dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), 5-HT∩vGluT3 neurons projecting to BA parvalbumin (DRN5-HT∩vGluT3-BAPV) and pyramidal (DRN5-HT∩vGluT3-BAPyr) neurons have distinct intrinsic properties and gene expression and respond to anxiogenic and social stimuli, respectively. Activation of DRN5-HT∩vGluT3→BAPV inhibits 5-HT release via GABAB receptors on serotonergic terminals in BA, inducing social avoidance and avoidance of bright spaces. Activation of DRN5-HT∩vGluT3→BA neurons inhibits two subsets of BAPyr neurons via 5-HT1A receptors (HTR1A) and 5-HT1B receptors (HTR1B). Pharmacological inhibition of HTR1A and HTR1B in BA induces avoidance of bright spaces and social avoidance, respectively. These findings highlight the functional significance of heterogenic inputs from DRN to BA subpopulations in the regulation of separate anxiety-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Yu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center of Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center of Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Xin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center of Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zheng
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center of Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wankun Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ze Xie
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center of Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Jie Shen
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center of Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yu Fu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center of Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiqian Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Jin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center of Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Research Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Mild traumatic brain injury elicits time- and region-specific reductions in serotonin transporter protein expression and uptake capacity. Neuroreport 2022; 33:612-616. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Xu T, Duan J, Li Y, Wang G, Li S, Li Y, Lu W, Yan X, Ren Y, Guo F, Cao L, Lu J. Generation of a TPH2-EGFP reporter cell line for purification and monitoring of human serotonin neurons in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2365-2379. [PMID: 36150384 PMCID: PMC9561537 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of serotonin neurons (SNs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides a promising platform to explore the mechanisms of serotonin-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. However, neural differentiation always yields heterogeneous cell populations, making it difficult to identify and purify SNs in vitro or track them in vivo following transplantation. Herein, we generated a TPH2-EGFP reporter hPSC line with insertion of EGFP into the endogenous tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) locus using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing technology. This TPH2-reporter, which faithfully indicated TPH2 expression during differentiation, enabled us to obtain purified SNs for subsequent transcriptional analysis and study of pharmacological responses to antidepressants. In addition, the reporter system showed strong EGFP expression to indicate SNs, which enabled us to explore in vitro and ex vivo electrophysiological properties of SNs. In conclusion, this TPH2-EGFP reporter cell line might be of great significance for studies on human SN-related development and differentiation, drug screening, disease modeling, and cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jinjin Duan
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yingqi Li
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guanhao Wang
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuanqing Li
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - You Li
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyi Yan
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yixuan Ren
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lining Cao
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Suzhou Institute of Tongji University, Suzhou 215101, China.
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23
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Paquelet GE, Carrion K, Lacefield CO, Zhou P, Hen R, Miller BR. Single-cell activity and network properties of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons during emotionally salient behaviors. Neuron 2022; 110:2664-2679.e8. [PMID: 35700737 PMCID: PMC9575686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin system modulates a wide variety of emotional behaviors and states, including reward processing, anxiety, and social interaction. To reveal the underlying patterns of neural activity, we visualized serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN5-HT) of mice using miniaturized microscopy during diverse emotional behaviors. We discovered ensembles of cells with highly correlated activity and found that DRN5-HT neurons are preferentially recruited by emotionally salient stimuli as opposed to neutral stimuli. Individual DRN5-HT neurons responded to diverse combinations of salient stimuli, with some preference for valence and sensory modality. Anatomically defined subpopulations projecting to either a reward-related structure (the ventral tegmental area) or an anxiety-related structure (the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) contained all response types but were enriched in reward- and anxiety-responsive cells, respectively. Our results suggest that the DRN serotonin system responds to emotional salience using ensembles with mixed selectivity and biases in downstream connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Paquelet
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kassandra Carrion
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Clay O Lacefield
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - René Hen
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bradley R Miller
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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24
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Mouradian GC, Liu P, Nakagawa P, Duffy E, Gomez Vargas J, Balapattabi K, Grobe JL, Sigmund CD, Hodges MR. Patch-to-Seq and Transcriptomic Analyses Yield Molecular Markers of Functionally Distinct Brainstem Serotonin Neurons. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:910820. [PMID: 35844900 PMCID: PMC9280690 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.910820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute regulation of CO2 and pH homeostasis requires sensory feedback from peripheral (carotid body) and central (central) CO2/pH sensitive cells - so called respiratory chemoreceptors. Subsets of brainstem serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the medullary raphe are CO2 sensitive or insensitive based on differences in embryonic origin, suggesting these functionally distinct subpopulations may have unique transcriptional profiles. Here, we used Patch-to-Seq to determine if the CO2 responses in brainstem 5-HT neurons could be correlated to unique transcriptional profiles and/or unique molecular markers and pathways. First, firing rate changes with hypercapnic acidosis were measured in fluorescently labeled 5-HT neurons in acute brainstem slices from transgenic, Dahl SS (SSMcwi) rats expressing T2/ePet-eGFP transgene in Pet-1 expressing (serotonin) neurons (SS ePet1-eGFP rats). Subsequently, the transcriptomic and pathway profiles of CO2 sensitive and insensitive 5-HT neurons were determined and compared by single cell RNA (scRNAseq) and bioinformatic analyses. Low baseline firing rates were a distinguishing feature of CO2 sensitive 5-HT neurons. scRNAseq of these recorded neurons revealed 166 differentially expressed genes among CO2 sensitive and insensitive 5-HT neurons. Pathway analyses yielded novel predicted upstream regulators, including the transcription factor Egr2 and Leptin. Additional bioinformatic analyses identified 6 candidate gene markers of CO2 sensitive 5-HT neurons, and 2 selected candidate genes (CD46 and Iba57) were both expressed in 5-HT neurons determined via in situ mRNA hybridization. Together, these data provide novel insights into the transcriptional control of cellular chemoreception and provide unbiased candidate gene markers of CO2 sensitive 5-HT neurons. Methodologically, these data highlight the utility of the patch-to-seq technique in enabling the linkage of gene expression to specific functions, like CO2 chemoreception, in a single cell to identify potential mechanisms underlying functional differences in otherwise similar cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C. Mouradian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Gary C. Mouradian Jr.,
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Erin Duffy
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Javier Gomez Vargas
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kirthikaa Balapattabi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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25
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Zhou L, Liu D, Xie Z, Deng D, Shi G, Zhao J, Bai S, Yang L, Zhang R, Shi Y. Electrophysiological Characteristics of Dorsal Raphe Nucleus in Tail Suspension Test. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:893465. [PMID: 35711694 PMCID: PMC9194813 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.893465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a major source of serotonin in the central nervous system, which is closely related to depression-like behaviors and is modulated by local GABAergic interneurons. Although serotonin neurons are known to be activated by struggling behavior in tail suspension test (TST), the exact electrophysiological characteristics are still unclear. Here, we combined in vivo electrode recording and behavioral test to explore the mice neuron electrophysiology in DRN during TST and observed that gamma oscillation was related to despair-like behaviors whereas burst fraction was crucial for survival-like behaviors. We reported the identification of a subpopulation of DRN neurons which change their firing rates when mice get into and during TST immobile states. Both increase (putative despair units, D units for short) and decrease (putative survival units, S units for short) in firing rate were observed. Furthermore, using optogenetics to identify parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and serotonin transporter-positive (SERT+) neurons, we found that SERT+ neurons were almost S units. Interestingly, those that have been identified PV+ neurons include ~20% of D units and ~50% of S units. These results suggest that electrophysiological characteristics incorporated in despair-like behavior studies can provide new insight into the study of anti-depression targets, and GABAergic interneuron is a complex key hub to the coding and regulation of local neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchang Zhou
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zedan Xie
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Deng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqi Shi
- School of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Zhao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Bai
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Rong Zhang
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yafei Shi
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26
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Social interactions increase activation of vasopressin-responsive neurons in the dorsal raphe. Neuroscience 2022; 495:25-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Zhang XL, Spencer WC, Tabuchi N, Kitt MM, Deneris ES. Reorganization of postmitotic neuronal chromatin accessibility for maturation of serotonergic identity. eLife 2022; 11:e75970. [PMID: 35471146 PMCID: PMC9098219 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of transcriptomes encoding unique neuronal identities requires selective accessibility of transcription factors to cis-regulatory sequences in nucleosome-embedded postmitotic chromatin. Yet, the mechanisms controlling postmitotic neuronal chromatin accessibility are poorly understood. Here, we show that unique distal enhancers define the Pet1 neuron lineage that generates serotonin (5-HT) neurons in mice. Heterogeneous single-cell chromatin landscapes are established early in postmitotic Pet1 neurons and reveal the putative regulatory programs driving Pet1 neuron subtype identities. Distal enhancer accessibility is highly dynamic as Pet1 neurons mature, suggesting the existence of regulatory factors that reorganize postmitotic neuronal chromatin. We find that Pet1 and Lmx1b control chromatin accessibility to select Pet1-lineage-specific enhancers for 5-HT neurotransmission. Additionally, these factors are required to maintain chromatin accessibility during early maturation suggesting that postmitotic neuronal open chromatin is unstable and requires continuous regulatory input. Together, our findings reveal postmitotic transcription factors that reorganize accessible chromatin for neuron specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui L Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - William C Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Nobuko Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Meagan M Kitt
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Evan S Deneris
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
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28
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Fazekas CL, Szabó A, Török B, Bánrévi K, Correia P, Chaves T, Daumas S, Zelena D. A New Player in the Hippocampus: A Review on VGLUT3+ Neurons and Their Role in the Regulation of Hippocampal Activity and Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:790. [PMID: 35054976 PMCID: PMC8775679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory amino acid in the central nervous system. Neurons using glutamate as a neurotransmitter can be characterised by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Among the three subtypes, VGLUT3 is unique, co-localising with other "classical" neurotransmitters, such as the inhibitory GABA. Glutamate, manipulated by VGLUT3, can modulate the packaging as well as the release of other neurotransmitters and serve as a retrograde signal through its release from the somata and dendrites. Its contribution to sensory processes (including seeing, hearing, and mechanosensation) is well characterised. However, its involvement in learning and memory can only be assumed based on its prominent hippocampal presence. Although VGLUT3-expressing neurons are detectable in the hippocampus, most of the hippocampal VGLUT3 positivity can be found on nerve terminals, presumably coming from the median raphe. This hippocampal glutamatergic network plays a pivotal role in several important processes (e.g., learning and memory, emotions, epilepsy, cardiovascular regulation). Indirect information from anatomical studies and KO mice strains suggests the contribution of local VGLUT3-positive hippocampal neurons as well as afferentations in these events. However, further studies making use of more specific tools (e.g., Cre-mice, opto- and chemogenetics) are needed to confirm these assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bánrévi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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29
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Abstract
Brain PCO2 is sensed primarily via changes in [H+]. Small pH changes are detected in the medulla oblongata and trigger breathing adjustments that help maintain arterial PCO2 constant. Larger perturbations of brain CO2/H+, possibly also sensed elsewhere in the CNS, elicit arousal, dyspnea, and stress, and cause additional breathing modifications. The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a rostral medullary cluster of glutamatergic neurons identified by coexpression of Phoxb and Nmb transcripts, is the lynchpin of the central respiratory chemoreflex. RTN regulates breathing frequency, inspiratory amplitude, and active expiration. It is exquisitely responsive to acidosis in vivo and maintains breathing autorhythmicity during quiet waking, slow-wave sleep, and anesthesia. The RTN response to [H+] is partly an intrinsic neuronal property mediated by proton sensors TASK-2 and GPR4 and partly a paracrine effect mediated by astrocytes and the vasculature. The RTN also receives myriad excitatory or inhibitory synaptic inputs including from [H+]-responsive neurons (e.g., serotonergic). RTN is silenced by moderate hypoxia. RTN inactivity (periodic or sustained) contributes to periodic breathing and, likely, to central sleep apnea. RTN development relies on transcription factors Egr2, Phox2b, Lbx1, and Atoh1. PHOX2B mutations cause congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; they impair RTN development and consequently the central respiratory chemoreflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice G Guyenet
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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30
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Barettino C, Ballesteros-Gonzalez Á, Aylón A, Soler-Sanchis X, Ortí L, Díaz S, Reillo I, García-García F, Iborra FJ, Lai C, Dehorter N, Leinekugel X, Flames N, Del Pino I. Developmental Disruption of Erbb4 in Pet1+ Neurons Impairs Serotonergic Sub-System Connectivity and Memory Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:770458. [PMID: 34957103 PMCID: PMC8703035 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.770458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonergic system of mammals innervates virtually all the central nervous system and regulates a broad spectrum of behavioral and physiological functions. In mammals, serotonergic neurons located in the rostral raphe nuclei encompass diverse sub-systems characterized by specific circuitry and functional features. Substantial evidence suggest that functional diversity of serotonergic circuits has a molecular and connectivity basis. However, the landscape of intrinsic developmental mechanisms guiding the formation of serotonergic sub-systems is unclear. Here, we employed developmental disruption of gene expression specific to serotonergic subsets to probe the contribution of the tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB4 to serotonergic circuit formation and function. Through an in vivo loss-of-function approach, we found that ErbB4 expression occurring in a subset of serotonergic neurons, is necessary for axonal arborization of defined long-range projections to the forebrain but is dispensable for the innervation of other targets of the serotonergic system. We also found that Erbb4-deletion does not change the global excitability or the number of neurons with serotonin content in the dorsal raphe nuclei. In addition, ErbB4-deficiency in serotonergic neurons leads to specific behavioral deficits in memory processing that involve aversive or social components. Altogether, our work unveils a developmental mechanism intrinsically acting through ErbB4 in subsets of serotonergic neurons to orchestrate a precise long-range circuit and ultimately involved in the formation of emotional and social memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candela Barettino
- Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Aylón
- Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Leticia Ortí
- Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Selene Díaz
- Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Reillo
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco García-García
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Cary Lai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Xavier Leinekugel
- Institut de Neurobiology de la Méditerranée (INMED, UMR1249), INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Nuria Flames
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Del Pino
- Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
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31
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Batra A, Latsko M, Portella AK, Silveira PP. Early adversity and insulin: neuroendocrine programming beyond glucocorticoids. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:1031-1043. [PMID: 34635400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to direct or contextual adversities during early life programs the functioning of the brain and other biological systems, contributing to the development of physical as well as mental health issues in the long term. While the role of glucocorticoids in mediating the outcomes of early adversity has been explored for many years, less attention has been given to insulin. Beyond its metabolic effects in the periphery, central insulin action affects synaptic plasticity, brain neurotransmission, and executive functions. Knowledge about the interactions between the peripheral metabolism and brain function from a developmental perspective can contribute to prevention and diagnosis programs, as well as early interventions for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashita Batra
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Maeson Latsko
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Healthy Brains for Healthy Lives, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andre Krumel Portella
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Senft RA, Dymecki SM. Neuronal pericellular baskets: neurotransmitter convergence and regulation of network excitability. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:915-924. [PMID: 34565612 PMCID: PMC8551026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A pericellular basket is a presynaptic configuration of numerous axonal boutons outlining a target neuron soma and its proximal dendrites. Recent studies show neurochemical diversity of pericellular baskets and suggest that neurotransmitter usage together with the dense, soma-proximal boutons may permit strong input effects on different timescales. Here we review the development, distribution, neurochemical phenotypes, and possible functions of pericellular baskets. As an example, we highlight pericellular baskets formed by projections of certain Pet1/Fev neurons of the serotonergic raphe nuclei. We propose that pericellular baskets represent convergence sites of competition or facilitation between neurotransmitter systems on downstream circuitry, especially in limbic brain regions, where pericellular baskets are widespread. Study of these baskets may enhance our understanding of monoamine regulation of memory, social behavior, and brain oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Senft
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Bhave VM, Nectow AR. The dorsal raphe nucleus in the control of energy balance. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:946-960. [PMID: 34663507 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Energy balance is orchestrated by an extended network of highly interconnected nuclei across the central nervous system. While much is known about the hypothalamic circuits regulating energy homeostasis, the 'extra-hypothalamic' circuits involved are relatively poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the brainstem's dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), integrating decades of research linking this structure to the physiologic and behavioral responses that maintain proper energy stores. DRN neurons sense and respond to interoceptive and exteroceptive cues related to energy imbalance and in turn induce appropriate alterations in energy intake and expenditure. The DRN is also molecularly differentiable, with different populations playing distinct and often opposing roles in controlling energy balance. These populations are integrated into the extended circuit known to regulate energy balance. Overall, this review summarizes the key evidence demonstrating an important role for the DRN in regulating energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun M Bhave
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander R Nectow
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Pomrenze MB, Walker LC, Giardino WJ. Gray areas: Neuropeptide circuits linking the Edinger-Westphal and Dorsal Raphe nuclei in addiction. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108769. [PMID: 34481834 PMCID: PMC8484048 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The circuitry of addiction comprises several neural networks including the midbrain - an expansive region critically involved in the control of motivated behaviors. Midbrain nuclei like the Edinger-Westphal (EW) and dorsal raphe (DR) contain unique populations of neurons that synthesize many understudied neuroactive molecules and are encircled by the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Despite the proximity of these special neuron classes to the ventral midbrain complex and surrounding PAG, functions of the EW and DR remain substantially underinvestigated by comparison. Spanning approximately -3.0 to -5.2 mm posterior from bregma in the mouse, these various cell groups form a continuum of neurons that we refer to collectively as the subaqueductal paramedian zone. Defining how these pathways modulate affective behavioral states presents a difficult, yet conquerable challenge for today's technological advances in neuroscience. In this review, we cover the known contributions of different neuronal subtypes of the subaqueductal paramedian zone. We catalogue these cell types based on their spatial, molecular, connectivity, and functional properties and integrate this information with the existing data on the EW and DR in addiction. We next discuss evidence that links the EW and DR anatomically and functionally, highlighting the potential contributions of an EW-DR circuit to addiction-related behaviors. Overall, we aim to derive an integrated framework that emphasizes the contributions of EW and DR nuclei to addictive states and describes how these cell groups function in individuals suffering from substance use disorders. This article is part of the special Issue on 'Neurocircuitry Modulating Drug and Alcohol Abuse'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Pomrenze
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5453, USA
| | - Leigh C Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - William J Giardino
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5453, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5453, USA.
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Wu X, Morishita W, Beier KT, Heifets BD, Malenka RC. 5-HT modulation of a medial septal circuit tunes social memory stability. Nature 2021; 599:96-101. [PMID: 34616037 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Social memory-the ability to recognize and remember familiar conspecifics-is critical for the survival of an animal in its social group1,2. The dorsal CA2 (dCA2)3-5 and ventral CA1 (vCA1)6 subregions of the hippocampus, and their projection targets6,7, have important roles in social memory. However, the relevant extrahippocampal input regions remain poorly defined. Here we identify the medial septum (MS) as a dCA2 input region that is critical for social memory and reveal that modulation of the MS by serotonin (5-HT) bidirectionally controls social memory formation, thereby affecting memory stability. Novel social interactions increase activity in dCA2-projecting MS neurons and induce plasticity at glutamatergic synapses from MS neurons onto dCA2 pyramidal neurons. The activity of dCA2-projecting MS cells is enhanced by the neuromodulator 5-HT acting on 5-HT1B receptors. Moreover, optogenetic manipulation of median raphe 5-HT terminals in the MS bidirectionally regulates social memory stability. This work expands our understanding of the neural mechanisms by which social interactions lead to social memory and provides evidence that 5-HT has a critical role in promoting not only prosocial behaviours8,9, but also social memory, by influencing distinct target structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wu
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wade Morishita
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin T Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Boris D Heifets
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Orexin receptors 1 and 2 in serotonergic neurons differentially regulate peripheral glucose metabolism in obesity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5249. [PMID: 34475397 PMCID: PMC8413382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The wake-active orexin system plays a central role in the dynamic regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here we show orexin receptor type 1 and 2 are predominantly expressed in dorsal raphe nucleus-dorsal and -ventral, respectively. Serotonergic neurons in ventral median raphe nucleus and raphe pallidus selectively express orexin receptor type 1. Inactivation of orexin receptor type 1 in serotonin transporter-expressing cells of mice reduced insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity, mainly by decreasing glucose utilization in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Selective inactivation of orexin receptor type 2 improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice, mainly through a decrease in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Optogenetic activation of orexin neurons in lateral hypothalamus or orexinergic fibers innervating raphe pallidus impaired or improved glucose tolerance, respectively. Collectively, the present study assigns orexin signaling in serotonergic neurons critical, yet differential orexin receptor type 1- and 2-dependent functions in the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis. The wake-active orexin system plays a central role in the dynamic regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here the authors report that inactivation of the orexin receptor type 1 or 2 in serotonergic neurons differentially regulate systemic glucose homeostasis in the context of diet induced obesity.
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Ma X, Wei J, Cui Y, Xia B, Zhang L, Nehme A, Zuo Y, Ferguson D, Levitt P, Qiu S. Disrupted Timing of MET Signaling Derails the Developmental Maturation of Cortical Circuits and Leads to Altered Behavior in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1769-1786. [PMID: 34470051 PMCID: PMC9016286 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular regulation of the temporal dynamics of circuit maturation is a key contributor to the emergence of normal structure-function relations. Developmental control of cortical MET receptor tyrosine kinase, expressed early postnatally in subpopulations of excitatory neurons, has a pronounced impact on the timing of glutamatergic synapse maturation and critical period plasticity. Here, we show that using a controllable overexpression (cto-Met) transgenic mouse, extending the duration of MET signaling after endogenous Met is switched off leads to altered molecular constitution of synaptic proteins, persistent activation of small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1, and sustained inhibitory phosphorylation of cofilin. These molecular changes are accompanied by an increase in the density of immature dendritic spines, impaired cortical circuit maturation of prefrontal cortex layer 5 projection neurons, and altered laminar excitatory connectivity. Two photon in vivo imaging of dendritic spines reveals that cto-Met enhances de novo spine formation while inhibiting spine elimination. Extending MET signaling for two weeks in developing cortical circuits leads to pronounced repetitive activity and impaired social interactions in adult mice. Collectively, our data revealed that temporally controlled MET signaling as a critical mechanism for controlling cortical circuit development and emergence of normal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokuang Ma
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Yuehua Cui
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Baomei Xia
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Le Zhang
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Antoine Nehme
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Deveroux Ferguson
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Developmental Neurogenetics, The Saban Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Lesiak AJ, Coffey K, Cohen JH, Liang KJ, Chavkin C, Neumaier JF. Sequencing the serotonergic neuron translatome reveals a new role for Fkbp5 in stress. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4742-4753. [PMID: 32366949 PMCID: PMC7609479 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is a key mediator of stress, anxiety, and depression, and novel therapeutic targets within serotonin neurons are needed to combat these disorders. To determine how stress alters the translational profile of serotonin neurons, we sequenced ribosome-associated RNA from these neurons after repeated stress in male and female mice. We identified numerous sex- and stress-regulated genes. In particular, Fkbp5 mRNA, which codes for the glucocorticoid receptor co-chaperone protein FKBP51, was consistently upregulated in male and female mice following stress. Pretreatment with a selective FKBP51 inhibitor into the dorsal raphe prior to repeated forced swim stress decreased resulting stress-induced anhedonia. Our results support previous findings linking FKBP51 to stress-related disorders and provide the first evidence suggesting that FKBP51 function may be an important regulatory node integrating circulating stress hormones and serotonergic regulation of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atom J Lesiak
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Kevin Coffey
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Joshua H Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Katharine J Liang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Charles Chavkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - John F Neumaier
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Campanelli F, Marino G, Barsotti N, Natale G, Calabrese V, Cardinale A, Ghiglieri V, Maddaloni G, Usiello A, Calabresi P, Pasqualetti M, Picconi B. Serotonin drives striatal synaptic plasticity in a sex-related manner. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105448. [PMID: 34280523 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasticity at corticostriatal synapses is a key substrate for a variety of brain functions - including motor control, learning and reward processing - and is often disrupted in disease conditions. Despite intense research pointing toward a dynamic interplay between glutamate, dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission, their precise circuit and synaptic mechanisms regulating their role in striatal plasticity are still unclear. Here, we analyze the role of serotonergic raphe-striatal innervation in the regulation of DA-dependent corticostriatal plasticity. METHODS Mice (males and females, 2-6 months of age) were housed in standard plexiglass cages at constant temperature (22 ± 1°C) and maintained on a 12/12h light/dark cycle with food and demineralized water ad libitum. In the present study, we used a knock-in mouse line in which the green fluorescent protein reporter gene (GFP) replaced the I Tph2 exon (Tph2GFP mice), allowing selective expression of GFP in the whole 5-HT system, highlighting both somata and neuritis of serotonergic neurons. Heterozygous, Tph2+/GFP, mice were intercrossed to obtain experimental cohorts, which included Wild-type (Tph2+/+), Heterozygous (Tph2+/GFP), and Mutant serotonin-depleted (Tph2GFP/GFP) animals. RESULTS Using male and female mice, carrying on different Tph2 gene dosages, we show that Tph2 gene modulation results in sex-specific corticostriatal abnormalities, encompassing the abnormal amplitude of spontaneous glutamatergic transmission and the loss of Long Term Potentiation (LTP) in Tph2GFP/GFP mice of both sexes, while this form of plasticity is normally expressed in control mice (Tph2+/+). Once LTP is induced, only the Tph2+/GFP female mice present a loss of synaptic depotentiation. CONCLUSION We showed a relevant role of the interaction between dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in controlling striatal synaptic plasticity. Overall, our data unveil that 5-HT plays a primary role in regulating DA-dependent corticostriatal plasticity in a sex-related manner and propose altered 5-HT levels as a critical determinant of disease-associated plasticity defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Campanelli
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome 00143, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy; Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Gioia Marino
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome 00143, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy; Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Noemi Barsotti
- Department of Biology Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Natale
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome 00143, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy; Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Valeria Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy; Laboratory Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome 00166, Italy
| | - Antonella Cardinale
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy; Laboratory Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome 00166, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Maddaloni
- Department of Biology Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta 81100, Italy; IRCCS-Foundation SDN, Via Gianturco, Naples 80143, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy; Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Massimo Pasqualetti
- Department of Biology Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Rovereto (TN), 38068, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome 00166, Italy; Università Telematica San Raffaele, Rome 00166, Italy.
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Corradi L, Filosa A. Neuromodulation and Behavioral Flexibility in Larval Zebrafish: From Neurotransmitters to Circuits. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:718951. [PMID: 34335183 PMCID: PMC8319623 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.718951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals adapt their behaviors to their ever-changing needs. Internal states, such as hunger, fear, stress, and arousal are important behavioral modulators controlling the way an organism perceives sensory stimuli and reacts to them. The translucent zebrafish larva is an ideal model organism for studying neuronal circuits regulating brain states, owning to the possibility of easy imaging and manipulating activity of genetically identified neurons while the animal performs stereotyped and well-characterized behaviors. The main neuromodulatory circuits present in mammals can also be found in the larval zebrafish brain, with the advantage that they contain small numbers of neurons. Importantly, imaging and behavioral techniques can be combined with methods for generating targeted genetic modifications to reveal the molecular underpinnings mediating the functions of such circuits. In this review we discuss how studying the larval zebrafish brain has contributed to advance our understanding of circuits and molecular mechanisms regulating neuromodulation and behavioral flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corradi
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Filosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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41
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Valiulahi P, Vidyawan V, Puspita L, Oh Y, Juwono VB, Sittipo P, Friedlander G, Yahalomi D, Sohn JW, Lee YK, Yoon JK, Shim JW. Generation of caudal-type serotonin neurons and hindbrain-fate organoids from hPSCs. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1938-1952. [PMID: 34242615 PMCID: PMC8365029 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) neurons, the major components of the raphe nuclei, arise from ventral hindbrain progenitors. Based on anatomical location and axonal projection, 5-HT neurons are coarsely divided into rostral and caudal groups. Here, we propose a novel strategy to generate hindbrain 5-HT neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which involves the formation of ventral-type neural progenitor cells and stimulation of the hindbrain 5-HT neural development. A caudalizing agent, retinoid acid, was used to direct the cells into the hindbrain cell fate. Approximately 30%–40% of hPSCs successfully developed into 5-HT-expressing neurons using our protocol, with the majority acquiring a caudal rhombomere identity (r5–8). We further modified our monolayer differentiation system to generate 5-HT neuron-enriched hindbrain-like organoids. We also suggest downstream applications of our 5-HT monolayer and organoid cultures to study neuronal response to gut microbiota. Our methodology could become a powerful tool for future studies related to 5-HT neurotransmission. Activation of SHH and RA signaling induces 5-HT neuronal fate from hPSCs The generated 5-HT neurons have caudal hindbrain characteristics Hindbrain-like organoids may form from hPSCs by activation of SHH and RA signaling 5-HT neurons in monolayer and organoid culture can be used as a screening platform
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Valiulahi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea
| | - Vincencius Vidyawan
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea
| | - Lesly Puspita
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea
| | - Youjin Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Virginia Blessy Juwono
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea
| | - Panida Sittipo
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- The Mantoux Bioinformatics institute of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dayana Yahalomi
- The Mantoux Bioinformatics institute of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea.
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea.
| | - Jae-Won Shim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea.
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Punda H, Mardesic S, Filipovic N, Kosovic I, Benzon B, Ogorevc M, Bocina I, Kolic K, Vukojevic K, Saraga-Babic M. Expression Pattern of 5-HT (Serotonin) Receptors during Normal Development of the Human Spinal Cord and Ganglia and in Fetus with Cervical Spina Bifida. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147320. [PMID: 34298938 PMCID: PMC8304340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of 5-HT (serotonin) receptors (sr) was analyzed in the spinal cord and ganglia of 15 human conceptuses (5–10-weeks), and in the 9-week fetus with spina bifida. We used immunohistochemical method to detect sr-positive, apoptotic (caspase-3) and proliferating (Ki-67) cells, double immunofluorescence for co-localization with protein gene peptide (pgp) 9.5 and GFAP, as well as semiquantification and statistical measurements. Following the neurulation process, moderate (sr1 and sr2) and mild (sr3) expression characterized neuroblasts in the spinal cord and ganglia. During further development, sr1 expression gradually increased in the motoneurons, autonomic and sensory neurons, while sr2 and sr3 increased strongly in floor and roof plates. In the ganglia, sr3 expression increased during limited developmental period, while sr1 and sr2 increased throughout the investigated period. Co-expression of sr/pgp 9.5 characterized developing neurons, while sr/GFAP co-localized in the roof plate. In the spinal cord and ganglia of malformed fetus, weaker sr1 and sr2 and stronger sr3 expression accompanied morphological abnormalities. Anomalous roof plate morphology showed an excess of apoptotic and proliferating cells and increased sr3 expression. Our results indicate a human-species specific sr expression pattern, and the importance of sr1 in neuronal differentiation, and sr2 and sr3 in the control of the roof plate morphogenesis in normal and disturbed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Punda
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital in Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (H.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Snjezana Mardesic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (N.F.); (I.K.); (B.B.); (M.O.); (K.V.)
| | - Natalija Filipovic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (N.F.); (I.K.); (B.B.); (M.O.); (K.V.)
| | - Ivona Kosovic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (N.F.); (I.K.); (B.B.); (M.O.); (K.V.)
| | - Benjamin Benzon
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (N.F.); (I.K.); (B.B.); (M.O.); (K.V.)
| | - Marin Ogorevc
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (N.F.); (I.K.); (B.B.); (M.O.); (K.V.)
| | - Ivana Bocina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Kresimir Kolic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital in Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (H.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (N.F.); (I.K.); (B.B.); (M.O.); (K.V.)
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (N.F.); (I.K.); (B.B.); (M.O.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Mouradian GC, Kilby M, Alvarez S, Kaplan K, Hodges MR. Mortality and ventilatory effects of central serotonin deficiency during postnatal development depend on age but not sex. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14946. [PMID: 34228894 PMCID: PMC8259800 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) influences brain development and has predominantly excitatory neuromodulatory effects on the neural respiratory control circuitry. Infants that succumb to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have reduced brainstem 5-HT levels and Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2). Furthermore, there are age- and sex-dependent risk factors associated with SIDS. Here we utilized our established Dark Agouti transgenic rat lacking central serotonin KO to test the hypotheses that CNS 5-HT deficiency leads to: (1) high mortality in a sex-independent manner, (2) age-dependent alterations in other CNS aminergic systems, and (3) age-dependent impairment of chemoreflexes during post-natal development. KO rat pups showed high neonatal mortality but not in a sex-dependent manner and did not show altered hypoxic or hypercapnic ventilatory chemoreflexes. However, KO rat pups had increased apnea-related metrics during a specific developmental age (P12-16), which were preceded by transient increases in dopaminergic system activity (P7-8). These results support and extend the concept that 5-HT per se is a critical factor in supporting respiratory control during post-natal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C. Mouradian
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Neuroscience Research CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Madeline Kilby
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Kara Kaplan
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Matthew R. Hodges
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Neuroscience Research CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
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Wong KLL, Nair A, Augustine GJ. Changing the Cortical Conductor's Tempo: Neuromodulation of the Claustrum. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:658228. [PMID: 34054437 PMCID: PMC8155375 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.658228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The claustrum is a thin sheet of neurons that is densely connected to many cortical regions and has been implicated in numerous high-order brain functions. Such brain functions arise from brain states that are influenced by neuromodulatory pathways from the cholinergic basal forebrain, dopaminergic substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, and serotonergic raphe. Recent revelations that the claustrum receives dense input from these structures have inspired investigation of state-dependent control of the claustrum. Here, we review neuromodulation in the claustrum-from anatomical connectivity to behavioral manipulations-to inform future analyses of claustral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. L. Wong
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aditya Nair
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - George J. Augustine
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Sahu MP, Pazos-Boubeta Y, Steinzeig A, Kaurinkoski K, Palmisano M, Borowecki O, Piepponen TP, Castrén E. Depletion of TrkB Receptors From Adult Serotonergic Neurons Increases Brain Serotonin Levels, Enhances Energy Metabolism and Impairs Learning and Memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:616178. [PMID: 33935645 PMCID: PMC8082189 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.616178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) regulate each other and have been implicated in several neuronal mechanisms, including neuroplasticity. We have investigated the effects of BDNF on serotonergic neurons by deleting BDNF receptor TrkB from serotonergic neurons in the adult brain. The transgenic mice show increased 5-HT and Tph2 levels with abnormal behavioral phenotype. In spite of increased food intake, the transgenic mice are significantly leaner than their wildtype littermates, which may be due to increased metabolic activity. Consistent with increased 5-HT, the proliferation of hippocampal progenitors is significantly increased, however, long-term survival of newborn cells is unchanged. Our data indicates that BDNF-TrkB signaling regulates the functional phenotype of 5-HT neurons with long-term behavioral consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita P Sahu
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yago Pazos-Boubeta
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Steinzeig
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Kaurinkoski
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michela Palmisano
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olgierd Borowecki
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Philosopy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Steinbusch HWM, Dolatkhah MA, Hopkins DA. Anatomical and neurochemical organization of the serotonergic system in the mammalian brain and in particular the involvement of the dorsal raphe nucleus in relation to neurological diseases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:41-81. [PMID: 33785137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The brainstem is a neglected brain area in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and autonomic dysfunction. In Depression, several observations have been made in relation to changes in one particular the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (DRN) which also points toward as key area in various age-related and neurodevelopmental diseases. The DRN is further thought to be related to stress regulated processes and cognitive events. It is involved in neurodegeneration, e.g., amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and impaired synaptic transmission in Alzheimer's disease as shown in our autopsy findings. The DRN is a phylogenetically old brain area, with projections that reach out to a large number of regions and nuclei of the central nervous system, particularly in the forebrain. These ascending projections contain multiple neurotransmitters. One of the main reasons for the past and current interest in the DRN is its involvement in depression, and its main transmitter serotonin. The DRN also points toward the increased importance and focus of the brainstem as key area in various age-related and neurodevelopmental diseases. This review describes the morphology, ascending projections and the complex neurotransmitter nature of the DRN, stressing its role as a key research target into the neural bases of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology-DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.
| | | | - David A Hopkins
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Bayasgalan T, Csemer A, Kovacs A, Pocsai K, Pal B. Topographical Organization of M-Current on Dorsal and Median Raphe Serotonergic Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:614947. [PMID: 33716672 PMCID: PMC7947297 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.614947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR and MR, respectively) are members of the reticular activating system and play important role in the regulation of the sleep-wakefulness cycle, movement, and affective states. M-current is a voltage-gated potassium current under the control of neuromodulatory mechanisms setting neuronal excitability. Our goal was to determine the proportion of DR and MR serotonergic neurons possessing M-current and whether they are organized topographically. Electrophysiological parameters of raphe serotonergic neurons influenced by this current were also investigated. We performed slice electrophysiology on genetically identified serotonergic neurons. Neurons with M-current are located rostrally in the DR and dorsally in the MR. M-current determines firing rate, afterhyperpolarization amplitude, and adaptation index (AI) of these neurons, but does not affect input resistance, action potential width, and high threshold oscillations.These findings indicate that M-current has a strong impact on firing properties of certain serotonergic neuronal subpopulations and it might serve as an effective contributor to cholinergic and local serotonergic neuromodulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsogbadrakh Bayasgalan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Csemer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Kovacs
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pocsai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balazs Pal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Neurochemically and Hodologically Distinct Ascending VGLUT3 versus Serotonin Subsystems Comprise the r2- Pet1 Median Raphe. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2581-2600. [PMID: 33547164 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1667-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brainstem median raphe (MR) neurons expressing the serotonergic regulator gene Pet1 send collateralized projections to forebrain regions to modulate affective, memory-related, and circadian behaviors. Some Pet1 neurons express a surprisingly incomplete battery of serotonin pathway genes, with somata lacking transcripts for tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] synthesis, but abundant for vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (Vglut3) encoding a synaptic vesicle-associated glutamate transporter. Genetic fate maps show these nonclassical, putatively glutamatergic Pet1 neurons in the MR arise embryonically from the same progenitor cell compartment-hindbrain rhombomere 2 (r2)-as serotonergic TPH2+ MR Pet1 neurons. Well established is the distribution of efferents en masse from r2-derived, Pet1-neurons; unknown is the relationship between these efferent targets and the specific constituent source-neuron subgroups identified as r2-Pet1Tph2 -high versus r2-Pet1Vglut3 -high Using male and female mice, we found r2-Pet1 axonal boutons segregated anatomically largely by serotonin+ versus VGLUT3+ identity. The former present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, and olfactory bulb; the latter are found in the hippocampus, cortex, and septum. Thus r2-Pet1Tph2- high and r2-Pet1Vglut3- high neurons likely regulate distinct brain regions and behaviors. Some r2-Pet1 boutons encased interneuron somata, forming specialized presynaptic "baskets" of VGLUT3+ or VGLUT3+/5-HT+ identity; this suggests that some r2-Pet1Vglut3- high neurons may regulate local networks, perhaps with differential kinetics via glutamate versus serotonin signaling. Fibers from other Pet1 neurons (non-r2-derived) were observed in many of these same baskets, suggesting multifaceted regulation. Collectively, these findings inform brain organization and new circuit nodes for therapeutic considerations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our findings match axonal bouton neurochemical identity with distant cell bodies in the brainstem raphe. The results are significant because they suggest that disparate neuronal subsystems derive from Pet1 + precursor cells of the embryonic progenitor compartment rhombomere 2 (r2). Of these r2-Pet1 neuronal subsystems, one appears largely serotonergic, as expected given expression of the serotonergic regulator PET1, and projects to the olfactory bulb, thalamus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Another expresses VGLUT3, suggesting principally glutamate transmission, and projects to the hippocampus, septum, and cortex. Some r2-Pet1 boutons-those that are VGLUT3+ or VGLUT3+/5-HT+ co-positive-comprise "baskets" encasing interneurons, suggesting that they control local networks perhaps with differential kinetics via glutamate versus serotonin signaling. Results inform brain organization and circuit nodes for therapeutic consideration.
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Xia B, Wei J, Ma X, Nehme A, Liong K, Cui Y, Chen C, Gallitano A, Ferguson D, Qiu S. Conditional knockout of MET receptor tyrosine kinase in cortical excitatory neurons leads to enhanced learning and memory in young adult mice but early cognitive decline in older adult mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 179:107397. [PMID: 33524570 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human genetic studies established MET gene as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders. We have previously shown that signaling mediated by MET receptor tyrosine kinase, expressed in early postnatal developing forebrain circuits, controls glutamatergic neuron morphological development, synapse maturation, and cortical critical period plasticity. Here we investigated how MET signaling affects synaptic plasticity, learning and memory behavior, and whether these effects are age-dependent. We found that in young adult (postnatal 2-3 months) Met conditional knockout (Metfx/fx:emx1cre, cKO) mice, the hippocampus exhibits elevated plasticity, measured by increased magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) in hippocampal slices. Surprisingly, in older adult cKO mice (10-12 months), LTP and LTD magnitudes were diminished. We further conducted a battery of behavioral tests to assess learning and memory function in cKO mice and littermate controls. Consistent with age-dependent LTP/LTD findings, we observed enhanced spatial memory learning in 2-3 months old young adult mice, assessed by hippocampus-dependent Morris water maze test, but impaired spatial learning in 10-12 months mice. Contextual and cued learning were further assessed using a Pavlovian fear conditioning test, which also revealed enhanced associative fear acquisition and extinction in young adult mice, but impaired fear learning in older adult mice. Lastly, young cKO mice also exhibited enhanced motor learning. Our results suggest that a shift in the window of synaptic plasticity and an age-dependent early cognitive decline may be novel circuit pathophysiology for a well-established autism genetic risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xia
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Jing Wei
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Xiaokuang Ma
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Antoine Nehme
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Katerina Liong
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Yuehua Cui
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Chang Chen
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Amelia Gallitano
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Deveroux Ferguson
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
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50
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Martin H, Bullich S, Guiard BP, Fioramonti X. The impact of insulin on the serotonergic system and consequences on diabetes-associated mood disorders. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12928. [PMID: 33506507 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The idea that insulin could influence emotional behaviours has long been suggested. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be solved and there is no direct and clear-cut evidence demonstrating that such action involves brain serotonergic neurones. Indeed, initial arguments in favour of the association between insulin, serotonin and mood arise from clinical or animal studies showing that impaired insulin action in type 1 or type 2 diabetes causes anxiety- and depressive symptoms along with blunted plasma and brain serotonin levels. The present review synthesises the main mechanistic hypotheses that might explain the comorbidity between diabetes and depression. It also provides a state of knowledge of the direct and indirect experimental evidence that insulin modulates brain serotonergic neurones. Finally, it highlights the literature suggesting that antidiabetic drugs present antidepressant-like effects and, conversely, that serotonergic antidepressants impact glucose homeostasis. Overall, this review provides mechanistic insights into how insulin signalling alters serotonergic neurotransmission and related behaviours bringing new targets for therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Martin
- NutriNeuro, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Bullich
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- NutriNeuro, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
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