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Li J, Yang F, Zhang K, Wu S, Niemeyer J, Zhao M, Luo P, Li N, Li R, Li D, Lin W, Liou JY, Schwartz TH, Ma H. Refining hemodynamic correction in in vivo wide-field fluorescent imaging through linear regression analysis. Neuroimage 2024; 299:120816. [PMID: 39209071 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate interpretation of in vivo wide-field fluorescent imaging (WFFI) data requires precise separation of raw fluorescence signals into neural and hemodynamic components. The classical Beer-Lambert law-based approach, which uses concurrent 530-nm illumination to estimate relative changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV), fails to account for the scattering and reflection of 530-nm photons from non-neuronal components leading to biased estimates of CBV changes and subsequent misrepresentation of neural activity. This study introduces a novel linear regression approach designed to overcome this limitation. This correction provides a more reliable representation of CBV changes and neural activity in fluorescence data. Our method is validated across multiple datasets, demonstrating its superiority over the classical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kathleen Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, USA; Stuyvesant High School, New York, New York 10282, USA
| | - Shiqiang Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - James Niemeyer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mingrui Zhao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peijuan Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Rongxin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Jyun-You Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Theodore H Schwartz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Hongtao Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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2
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Wang X, Padawer-Curry JA, Bice AR, Kim B, Rosenthal ZP, Lee JM, Goyal MS, Macauley SL, Bauer AQ. Spatiotemporal relationships between neuronal, metabolic, and hemodynamic signals in the awake and anesthetized mouse brain. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114723. [PMID: 39277861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) and neurometabolic coupling (NMC) provide the basis for functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography to map brain neurophysiology. While increases in neuronal activity are often accompanied by increases in blood oxygen delivery and oxidative metabolism, these observations are not the rule. This decoupling is important when interpreting brain network organization (e.g., resting-state functional connectivity [RSFC]) because it is unclear whether changes in NMC/NVC affect RSFC measures. We leverage wide-field optical imaging in Thy1-jRGECO1a mice to map cortical calcium activity in pyramidal neurons, flavoprotein autofluorescence (representing oxidative metabolism), and hemodynamic activity during wake and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Spontaneous dynamics of all contrasts exhibit patterns consistent with RSFC. NMC/NVC relative to excitatory activity varies over the cortex. Ketamine/xylazine profoundly alters NVC but not NMC. Compared to awake RSFC, ketamine/xylazine affects metabolic-based connectomes moreso than hemodynamic-based measures of RSFC. Anesthesia-related differences in NMC/NVC timing do not appreciably alter RSFC structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonah A Padawer-Curry
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Imaging Sciences Program, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Byungchan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zachary P Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Imaging Sciences Program, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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3
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Curic D, Ashby DM, McGirr A, Davidsen J. Existence of multiple transitions of the critical state due to anesthetics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7025. [PMID: 39147749 PMCID: PMC11327335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Scale-free statistics of coordinated neuronal activity, suggesting a universal operating mechanism across spatio-temporal scales, have been proposed as a necessary condition of healthy resting-state brain activity. Recent studies have focused on anesthetic agents to induce distinct neural states in which consciousness is altered to understand the importance of critical dynamics. However, variation in experimental techniques, species, and anesthetics, have made comparisons across studies difficult. Here we conduct a survey of several common anesthetics (isoflurane, pentobarbital, ketamine) at multiple dosages, using calcium wide-field optical imaging of the mouse cortex. We show that while low-dose anesthesia largely preserves scale-free statistics, surgical plane anesthesia induces multiple dynamical modes, most of which do not maintain critical avalanche dynamics. Our findings indicate multiple pathways away from default critical dynamics associated with quiet wakefulness, not only reflecting differences between these common anesthetics but also showing significant variations in individual responses. This is suggestive of a non-trivial relationship between criticality and the underlying state of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Curic
- Complexity Science Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Donovan M Ashby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander McGirr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jörn Davidsen
- Complexity Science Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Hu J, Cherkkil A, Surinach DA, Oladepo I, Hossain RF, Fausner S, Saxena K, Ko E, Peters R, Feldkamp M, Konda PC, Pathak V, Horstmeyer R, Kodandaramaiah SB. Pan-cortical cellular imaging in freely behaving mice using a miniaturized micro-camera array microscope (mini-MCAM). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.04.601964. [PMID: 39005454 PMCID: PMC11245122 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.04.601964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how circuits in the brain simultaneously coordinate their activity to mediate complex ethnologically relevant behaviors requires recording neural activities from distributed populations of neurons in freely behaving animals. Current miniaturized imaging microscopes are typically limited to imaging a relatively small field of view, precluding the measurement of neural activities across multiple brain regions. Here we present a miniaturized micro-camera array microscope (mini-MCAM) that consists of four fluorescence imaging micro-cameras, each capable of capturing neural activity across a 4.5 mm x 2.55 mm field of view (FOV). Cumulatively, the mini-MCAM images over 30 mm 2 area of sparsely expressed GCaMP6s neurons distributed throughout the dorsal cortex, in regions including the primary and secondary motor, somatosensory, visual, retrosplenial, and association cortices across both hemispheres. We demonstrate cortex-wide cellular resolution in vivo Calcium (Ca 2+ ) imaging using the mini-MCAM in both head-fixed and freely behaving mice.
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Zhang H, Ai Y, Zhang X, Deng F, Jiang S, Xie S, Peng M, Chen W, Hu J, Deng S, Zhang L. Visualization of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Septic Mice with the New Method Based on in Vivo Imaging Technology. Neurocrit Care 2024:10.1007/s12028-024-02018-x. [PMID: 38982003 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-02018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic monitoring of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) functional status in septic mice can help to explore the pathological mechanisms. Therefore, we proposed a new method for monitoring BBB permeability and applied it to the detection of sepsis models. METHODS The new method involves the construction of an optical cranial window and in vivo imaging. We performed dynamic monitoring of BBB permeability and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in cecal ligation puncture (CLP) and endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) mice. RESULTS The sensitivity and accuracy of this method were higher than those of Evans blue evaluation. The increase of BBB permeability in the group of CLP mice was relatively mild and correlated with overall survival, and the damage was irreversible. Contrarily, BBB damage in the LPS group was more acute and severe, unrelated to overall survival, but recoverable. The CBF decreased significantly in both model mouse groups 24 h after modeling, but only the CBF proportion decrease in the LPS group was significantly correlated with an increase in BBB permeability. Within 24 h after both models were established, the decrease in blood flow in the digestive organs occurred earlier than in the brain and kidneys, and the decrease in small intestine blood flow in the LPS group progressed faster. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of our novel method to detect BBB permeability in mice. Our results revealed a significant difference in the BBB permeability change trend between the CLP and LPS model mice when survival curves were consistent. Notably, the CLP-model mice demonstrated a closer resemblance to clinical patients. Our findings suggest that early-stage brain tissue hypoperfusion has a greater impact on BBB function damage in endotoxemia mice, which is related to the faster progression of blood flow redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuhang Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Fuxing Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shiwei Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Milin Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiyun Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Songyun Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Sridhar S, Lowet E, Gritton HJ, Freire J, Zhou C, Liang F, Han X. Beta-frequency sensory stimulation enhances gait rhythmicity through strengthened coupling between striatal networks and stepping movement. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.07.602408. [PMID: 39026712 PMCID: PMC11257482 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.07.602408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Stepping movement is delta (1-4 Hz) rhythmic and depends on sensory inputs. In addition to delta rhythms, beta (10-30 Hz) frequency dynamics are also prominent in the motor circuits and are coupled to neuronal delta rhythms both at the network and the cellular levels. Since beta rhythms are broadly supported by cortical and subcortical sensorimotor circuits, we explore how beta-frequency sensory stimulation influences delta-rhythmic stepping movement, and dorsal striatal circuit regulation of stepping. We delivered audiovisual stimulation at 10 Hz or 145 Hz to mice voluntarily locomoting, while simultaneously recording stepping movement, striatal cellular calcium dynamics and local field potentials (LFPs). We found that 10 Hz, but not 145 Hz stimulation prominently entrained striatal LFPs. Even though sensory stimulation at both frequencies promoted locomotion and desynchronized striatal network, only 10 Hz stimulation enhanced the delta rhythmicity of stepping movement and strengthened the coupling between stepping and striatal LFP delta and beta oscillations. These results demonstrate that higher frequency sensory stimulation can modulate lower frequency dorsal striatal neural dynamics and improve stepping rhythmicity, highlighting the translational potential of non-invasive beta-frequency sensory stimulation for improving gait.
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Dong Z, Feng Y, Diego K, Baggetta AM, Sweis BM, Pennington ZT, Lamsifer SI, Zaki Y, Sangiuliano F, Philipsberg PA, Morales-Rodriguez D, Kircher D, Slesinger P, Shuman T, Aharoni D, Cai DJ. Simultaneous dual-color calcium imaging in freely-behaving mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601770. [PMID: 39005306 PMCID: PMC11244962 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Miniaturized fluorescence microscopes (miniscopes) enable imaging of calcium events from a large population of neurons in freely behaving animals. Traditionally, miniscopes have only been able to record from a single fluorescence wavelength. Here, we present a new open-source dual-channel Miniscope that simultaneously records two wavelengths in freely behaving animals. To enable simultaneous acquisition of two fluorescent wavelengths, we incorporated two CMOS sensors into a single Miniscope. To validate our dual-channel Miniscope, we imaged hippocampal CA1 region that co-expressed a dynamic calcium indicator (GCaMP) and a static nuclear signal (tdTomato) while mice ran on a linear track. Our results suggest that, even when neurons were registered across days using tdTomato signals, hippocampal spatial coding changes over time. In conclusion, our novel dual-channel Miniscope enables imaging of two fluorescence wavelengths with minimal crosstalk between the two channels, opening the doors to a multitude of new experimental possibilities. Teaser Novel open-source dual-channel Miniscope that simultaneously records two wavelengths with minimal crosstalk in freely behaving animals.
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8
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Zhang Y, Yuan L, Zhu Q, Wu J, Nöbauer T, Zhang R, Xiao G, Wang M, Xie H, Guo Z, Dai Q, Vaziri A. A miniaturized mesoscope for the large-scale single-neuron-resolved imaging of neuronal activity in freely behaving mice. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:754-774. [PMID: 38902522 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the relationship between neuronal dynamics and ethologically relevant behaviour involves recording neuronal-population activity using technologies that are compatible with unrestricted animal behaviour. However, head-mounted microscopes that accommodate weight limits to allow for free animal behaviour typically compromise field of view, resolution or depth range, and are susceptible to movement-induced artefacts. Here we report a miniaturized head-mounted fluorescent mesoscope that we systematically optimized for calcium imaging at single-neuron resolution, for increased fields of view and depth of field, and for robustness against motion-generated artefacts. Weighing less than 2.5 g, the mesoscope enabled recordings of neuronal-population activity at up to 16 Hz, with 4 μm resolution over 300 μm depth-of-field across a field of view of 3.6 × 3.6 mm2 in the cortex of freely moving mice. We used the mesoscope to record large-scale neuronal-population activity in socially interacting mice during free exploration and during fear-conditioning experiments, and to investigate neurovascular coupling across multiple cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lekang Yuan
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiyu Zhu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tobias Nöbauer
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rujin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guihua Xiao
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingrui Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengcai Guo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Steinfeld R, Tacão-Monteiro A, Renart A. Differential representation of sensory information and behavioral choice across layers of the mouse auditory cortex. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2200-2211.e6. [PMID: 38733991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The activity of neurons in sensory areas sometimes covaries with upcoming choices in decision-making tasks. However, the prevalence, causal origin, and functional role of choice-related activity remain controversial. Understanding the circuit-logic of decision signals in sensory areas will require understanding their laminar specificity, but simultaneous recordings of neural activity across the cortical layers in forced-choice discrimination tasks have not yet been performed. Here, we describe neural activity from such recordings in the auditory cortex of mice during a frequency discrimination task with delayed report, which, as we show, requires the auditory cortex. Stimulus-related information was widely distributed across layers but disappeared very quickly after stimulus offset. Choice selectivity emerged toward the end of the delay period-suggesting a top-down origin-but only in the deep layers. Early stimulus-selective and late choice-selective deep neural ensembles were correlated, suggesting that the choice-selective signal fed back to the auditory cortex is not just action specific but develops as a consequence of the sensory-motor contingency imposed by the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Steinfeld
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - André Tacão-Monteiro
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alfonso Renart
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
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10
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Montagni E, Resta F, Tort-Colet N, Scaglione A, Mazzamuto G, Destexhe A, Pavone FS, Allegra Mascaro AL. Mapping brain state-dependent sensory responses across the mouse cortex. iScience 2024; 27:109692. [PMID: 38689637 PMCID: PMC11059133 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory information must be integrated across a distributed brain network for stimulus processing and perception. Recent studies have revealed specific spatiotemporal patterns of cortical activation for the early and late components of sensory-evoked responses, which are associated with stimulus features and perception, respectively. Here, we investigated how the brain state influences the sensory-evoked activation across the mouse cortex. We utilized isoflurane to modulate the brain state and conducted wide-field calcium imaging of Thy1-GCaMP6f mice to monitor distributed activation evoked by multi-whisker stimulation. Our findings reveal that the level of anesthesia strongly shapes the spatiotemporal features and the functional connectivity of the sensory-activated network. As anesthesia levels decrease, we observe increasingly complex responses, accompanied by the emergence of the late component within the sensory-evoked response. The persistence of the late component under anesthesia raises new questions regarding the potential existence of perception during unconscious states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Montagni
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Resta
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Núria Tort-Colet
- Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences (NeuroPSI), Saclay, France
- Barcelonaβ Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Scaglione
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mazzamuto
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alain Destexhe
- Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences (NeuroPSI), Saclay, France
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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11
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Rich PD, Thiberge SY, Scott BB, Guo C, Tervo DGR, Brody CD, Karpova AY, Daw ND, Tank DW. Magnetic voluntary head-fixation in transgenic rats enables lifespan imaging of hippocampal neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4154. [PMID: 38755205 PMCID: PMC11099169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The precise neural mechanisms within the brain that contribute to the remarkable lifetime persistence of memory are not fully understood. Two-photon calcium imaging allows the activity of individual cells to be followed across long periods, but conventional approaches require head-fixation, which limits the type of behavior that can be studied. We present a magnetic voluntary head-fixation system that provides stable optical access to the brain during complex behavior. Compared to previous systems that used mechanical restraint, there are no moving parts and animals can engage and disengage entirely at will. This system is failsafe, easy for animals to use and reliable enough to allow long-term experiments to be routinely performed. Animals completed hundreds of trials per session of an odor discrimination task that required 2-4 s fixations. Together with a reflectance fluorescence collection scheme that increases two-photon signal and a transgenic Thy1-GCaMP6f rat line, we are able to reliably image the cellular activity in the hippocampus during behavior over long periods (median 6 months), allowing us track the same neurons over a large fraction of animals' lives (up to 19 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dylan Rich
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Benjamin B Scott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caiying Guo
- Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - D Gowanlock R Tervo
- Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Carlos D Brody
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Alla Y Karpova
- Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Daw
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David W Tank
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Bezos Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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12
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Gonzalez-Ramos A, Puigsasllosas-Pastor C, Arcas-Marquez A, Tornero D. Updated Toolbox for Assessing Neuronal Network Reconstruction after Cell Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:487. [PMID: 38790353 PMCID: PMC11118929 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has proven to be a promising treatment for a range of neurological disorders, including Parkinson Disease, drug-resistant epilepsy, and stroke, by restoring function after brain damage. Nevertheless, evaluating the true effectiveness of these therapeutic interventions requires a deep understanding of the functional integration of grafted cells into existing neural networks. This review explores a powerful arsenal of molecular techniques revolutionizing our ability to unveil functional integration of grafted cells within the host brain. From precise manipulation of neuronal activity to pinpoint the functional contribution of transplanted cells by using opto- and chemo-genetics, to real-time monitoring of neuronal dynamics shedding light on functional connectivity within the reconstructed circuits by using genetically encoded (calcium) indicators in vivo. Finally, structural reconstruction and mapping communication pathways between grafted and host neurons can be achieved by monosynaptic tracing with viral vectors. The cutting-edge toolbox presented here holds immense promise for elucidating the impact of cell therapy on neural circuitry and guiding the development of more effective treatments for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gonzalez-Ramos
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Claudia Puigsasllosas-Pastor
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Arcas-Marquez
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Terada Y, Toyoizumi T. Chaotic neural dynamics facilitate probabilistic computations through sampling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312992121. [PMID: 38648479 PMCID: PMC11067032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312992121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical neurons exhibit highly variable responses over trials and time. Theoretical works posit that this variability arises potentially from chaotic network dynamics of recurrently connected neurons. Here, we demonstrate that chaotic neural dynamics, formed through synaptic learning, allow networks to perform sensory cue integration in a sampling-based implementation. We show that the emergent chaotic dynamics provide neural substrates for generating samples not only of a static variable but also of a dynamical trajectory, where generic recurrent networks acquire these abilities with a biologically plausible learning rule through trial and error. Furthermore, the networks generalize their experience in the stimulus-evoked samples to the inference without partial or all sensory information, which suggests a computational role of spontaneous activity as a representation of the priors as well as a tractable biological computation for marginal distributions. These findings suggest that chaotic neural dynamics may serve for the brain function as a Bayesian generative model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Terada
- Laboratory for Neural Computation and Adaptation, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama351-0198, Japan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
- The Institute for Physics of Intelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoizumi
- Laboratory for Neural Computation and Adaptation, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama351-0198, Japan
- Department of Mathematical Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
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14
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Azrad Leibovitch T, Farah N, Markus A, Mandel Y. A novel GCaMP6f-RCS rat model for studying electrical stimulation in the degenerated retina. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1386141. [PMID: 38711618 PMCID: PMC11070775 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1386141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Retinal prostheses aim to restore vision by electrically stimulating the remaining viable retinal cells in Retinal Degeneration (RD) cases. Research in this field necessitates a comprehensive analysis of retinal ganglion cells' (RGCs) responses to assess the obtained visual acuity and quality. Here we present a novel animal model which facilitates the optical recording of RGCs activity in an RD rat. This model can significantly enhance the functional evaluation of vision restoration treatments. Methods: The development of the novel rat model is based on crossbreeding a retinal degenerated Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat with a transgenic line expressing the genetic calcium indicator GCaMP6f in the RGCs. Characterization of the model was achieved using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging, histology, and electroretinography (ERG) at the ages of 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Additionally, optical recordings of RGCs function in response to ex-vivo subretinal electrical stimulations were performed. Results: Histological investigations confirmed the high expression of GCaMP6f in the RGCs and minimal expression in the inner nuclear layer (INL). OCT imaging and histological studies revealed the expected gradual retinal degeneration, as evident by the decrease in retinal thickness with age and the formation of subretinal debris. This degeneration was further confirmed by ERG recordings, which demonstrated a significant decrease in the b-wave amplitude throughout the degeneration process, culminating in its absence at 12 weeks in the GCaMP6f-RCS rat. Importantly, the feasibility of investigating subretinal stimulation was demonstrated, revealing a consistent increase in activation threshold throughout degeneration. Furthermore, an increase in the diameter of the activated area with increasing currents was observed. The spatial spread of the activation area in the GCaMP6f-RCS rat was found to be smaller and exhibited faster activation dynamics compared with the GCaMP6f-LE strain. Conclusion: This novel animal model offers an opportunity to deepen our understanding of prosthetically induced retinal responses, potentially leading to significant advancements in prosthetic interventions in visual impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Azrad Leibovitch
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Optometry and Visual Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nairouz Farah
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Optometry and Visual Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amos Markus
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Optometry and Visual Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yossi Mandel
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Optometry and Visual Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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15
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Nghiem TAE, Lee B, Chao THH, Branigan NK, Mistry PK, Shih YYI, Menon V. Space wandering in the rodent default mode network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315167121. [PMID: 38557177 PMCID: PMC11009630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315167121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a large-scale brain network known to be suppressed during a wide range of cognitive tasks. However, our comprehension of its role in naturalistic and unconstrained behaviors has remained elusive because most research on the DMN has been conducted within the restrictive confines of MRI scanners. Here, we use multisite GCaMP (a genetically encoded calcium indicator) fiber photometry with simultaneous videography to probe DMN function in awake, freely exploring rats. We examined neural dynamics in three core DMN nodes-the retrosplenial cortex, cingulate cortex, and prelimbic cortex-as well as the anterior insula node of the salience network, and their association with the rats' spatial exploration behaviors. We found that DMN nodes displayed a hierarchical functional organization during spatial exploration, characterized by stronger coupling with each other than with the anterior insula. Crucially, these DMN nodes encoded the kinematics of spatial exploration, including linear and angular velocity. Additionally, we identified latent brain states that encoded distinct patterns of time-varying exploration behaviors and found that higher linear velocity was associated with enhanced DMN activity, heightened synchronization among DMN nodes, and increased anticorrelation between the DMN and anterior insula. Our findings highlight the involvement of the DMN in collectively and dynamically encoding spatial exploration in a real-world setting. Our findings challenge the notion that the DMN is primarily a "task-negative" network disengaged from the external world. By illuminating the DMN's role in naturalistic behaviors, our study underscores the importance of investigating brain network function in ecologically valid contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byeongwook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94304
| | - Tzu-Hao Harry Chao
- Center for Animal MRI, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Nicholas K. Branigan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94304
| | - Percy K. Mistry
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94304
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27514
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94304
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94304
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
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16
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Wu J, Chen Y, Veeraraghavan A, Seidemann E, Robinson JT. Mesoscopic calcium imaging in a head-unrestrained male non-human primate using a lensless microscope. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1271. [PMID: 38341403 PMCID: PMC10858944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesoscopic calcium imaging enables studies of cell-type specific neural activity over large areas. A growing body of literature suggests that neural activity can be different when animals are free to move compared to when they are restrained. Unfortunately, existing systems for imaging calcium dynamics over large areas in non-human primates (NHPs) are table-top devices that require restraint of the animal's head. Here, we demonstrate an imaging device capable of imaging mesoscale calcium activity in a head-unrestrained male non-human primate. We successfully miniaturize our system by replacing lenses with an optical mask and computational algorithms. The resulting lensless microscope can fit comfortably on an NHP, allowing its head to move freely while imaging. We are able to measure orientation columns maps over a 20 mm2 field-of-view in a head-unrestrained macaque. Our work establishes mesoscopic imaging using a lensless microscope as a powerful approach for studying neural activity under more naturalistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E 24th St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ashok Veeraraghavan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Eyal Seidemann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E 24th St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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17
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Zhu X, Gu L, Li R, Chen L, Chen J, Zhou N, Ren W. MiniMounter: A low-cost miniaturized microscopy development toolkit for image quality control and enhancement. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300214. [PMID: 37877307 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Head-mounted miniaturized fluorescence microscopy (Miniscope) has emerged as a significant tool in neuroscience, particularly for behavioral studies in awake rodents. However, the challenges of image quality control and standardization persist for both Miniscope users and developers. In this study, we propose a cost-effective and comprehensive toolkit named MiniMounter. This toolkit comprises a hardware platform that offers customized grippers and four-degree-of-freedom adjustment for Miniscope, along with software that integrates displacement control, image quality evaluation, and enhancement of 3D visualization. Our toolkit makes it feasible to accurately characterize Miniscope. Furthermore, MiniMounter enables auto-focusing and 3D imaging for Miniscope prototypes that possess solely a 2D imaging function, as demonstrated in phantom and animal experiments. Overall, the implementation of MiniMounter effectively enhances image quality, reduces the time required for experimental operations and image evaluation, and consequently accelerates the development and research cycle for both users and developers within the Miniscope community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangtao Gu
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuwei Ren
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Xue F, Li F, Zhang KM, Ding L, Wang Y, Zhao X, Xu F, Zhang D, Sun M, Lau PM, Zhu Q, Zhou P, Bi GQ. Multi-region calcium imaging in freely behaving mice with ultra-compact head-mounted fluorescence microscopes. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad294. [PMID: 38288367 PMCID: PMC10824555 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the circuit-level neural mechanisms of behavior, simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity in multiple cortical and subcortical regions is highly desired. Miniature head-mounted microscopes offer the capability of calcium imaging in freely behaving animals. However, implanting multiple microscopes on a mouse brain remains challenging due to space constraints and the cumbersome weight of the equipment. Here, we present TINIscope, a Tightly Integrated Neuronal Imaging microscope optimized for electronic and opto-mechanical design. With its compact and lightweight design of 0.43 g, TINIscope enables unprecedented simultaneous imaging of behavior-relevant activity in up to four brain regions in mice. Proof-of-concept experiments with TINIscope recorded over 1000 neurons in four hippocampal subregions and revealed concurrent activity patterns spanning across these regions. Moreover, we explored potential multi-modal experimental designs by integrating additional modules for optogenetics, electrical stimulation or local field potential recordings. Overall, TINIscope represents a timely and indispensable tool for studying the brain-wide interregional coordination that underlies unrestrained behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instruments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fei Li
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke-ming Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lufeng Ding
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- Department of Modern Life Sciences and Biotecnology, Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan New Area, Xiongan 071899, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Danke Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingzhai Sun
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pak-Ming Lau
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
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19
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Phillips ML, Urban NT, Salemi T, Dong Z, Yasuda R. Functional imaging of nine distinct neuronal populations under a miniscope in freely behaving animals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571122. [PMID: 38168225 PMCID: PMC10760119 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Head-mounted miniscopes have allowed for functional fluorescence imaging in freely moving animals. However, current capabilities of state-of-the-art technology can record only up to two, spectrally distinct fluorophores. This severely limits the number of cell types identifiable in a functional imaging experiment. Here we present a pipeline that enables the distinction of nine neuronal subtypes from regions defined by behaviorally relevant cells during in vivo GCaMP imaging. These subtypes are identified utilizing unique fluorophores that are co-expressed with GCaMP, unmixed by spectral imaging on a confocal microscope and co-registering these spectral fingerprints with functional data obtained on miniaturized microscopes. This method facilitates detailed analyses of circuit-level encoding of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Phillips
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL
- ZEISS Research Microscopy Solutions, White Plains, NY
| | | | - Taddeo Salemi
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL
| | | | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL
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20
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Shekhtmeyster P, Duarte D, Carey EM, Ngo A, Gao G, Olmstead JA, Nelson NA, Nimmerjahn A. Trans-segmental imaging in the spinal cord of behaving mice. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1729-1733. [PMID: 36879007 PMCID: PMC11229418 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord circuits play crucial roles in transmitting pain, but the underlying activity patterns within and across spinal segments in behaving mice have remained elusive. We developed a wearable widefield macroscope with a 7.9-mm2 field of view, ~3- to 4-μm lateral resolution, 2.7-mm working distance and <10-g overall weight and show that highly localized painful mechanical stimuli evoke widespread, coordinated astrocyte excitation across multiple spinal segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Shekhtmeyster
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Duarte
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin M Carey
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Ngo
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Grace Gao
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jack A Olmstead
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Nelson
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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21
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Berndt A, Cai D, Cohen A, Juarez B, Iglesias JT, Xiong H, Qin Z, Tian L, Slesinger PA. Current Status and Future Strategies for Advancing Functional Circuit Mapping In Vivo. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7587-7598. [PMID: 37940594 PMCID: PMC10634581 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1391-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain represents one of the most complex biological systems, containing billions of neurons interconnected through trillions of synapses. Inherent to the brain is a biochemical complexity involving ions, signaling molecules, and peptides that regulate neuronal activity and allow for short- and long-term adaptations. Large-scale and noninvasive imaging techniques, such as fMRI and EEG, have highlighted brain regions involved in specific functions and visualized connections between different brain areas. A major shortcoming, however, is the need for more information on specific cell types and neurotransmitters involved, as well as poor spatial and temporal resolution. Recent technologies have been advanced for neuronal circuit mapping and implemented in behaving model organisms to address this. Here, we highlight strategies for targeting specific neuronal subtypes, identifying, and releasing signaling molecules, controlling gene expression, and monitoring neuronal circuits in real-time in vivo Combined, these approaches allow us to establish direct causal links from genes and molecules to the systems level and ultimately to cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Cai
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenpeng Qin
- University of Texas-Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Lin Tian
- University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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22
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Das A, Holden S, Borovicka J, Icardi J, O'Niel A, Chaklai A, Patel D, Patel R, Kaech Petrie S, Raber J, Dana H. Large-scale recording of neuronal activity in freely-moving mice at cellular resolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6399. [PMID: 37828016 PMCID: PMC10570384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methods for recording large-scale neuronal activity from behaving mice at single-cell resolution require either fixing the mouse head under a microscope or attachment of a recording device to the animal's skull. Both of these options significantly affect the animal behavior and hence also the recorded brain activity patterns. Here, we introduce a different method to acquire snapshots of single-cell cortical activity maps from freely-moving mice using a calcium sensor called CaMPARI. CaMPARI has a unique property of irreversibly changing its color from green to red inside active neurons when illuminated with 400 nm light. We capitalize on this property to demonstrate cortex-wide activity recording without any head fixation, tethering, or attachment of a miniaturized device to the mouse's head. Multiple cortical regions were recorded while the mouse was performing a battery of behavioral and cognitive tests. We identified task-dependent activity patterns across motor and somatosensory cortices, with significant differences across sub-regions of the motor cortex and correlations across several activity patterns and task parameters. This CaMPARI-based recording method expands the capabilities of recording neuronal activity from freely-moving and behaving mice under minimally-restrictive experimental conditions and provides large-scale volumetric data that are currently not accessible otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Das
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Holden
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Julie Borovicka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jacob Icardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abigail O'Niel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ariel Chaklai
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Davina Patel
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rushik Patel
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hod Dana
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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23
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Kim SJ, Affan RO, Frostig H, Scott BB, Alexander AS. Advances in cellular resolution microscopy for brain imaging in rats. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:044304. [PMID: 38076724 PMCID: PMC10704261 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.044304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Rats are used in neuroscience research because of their physiological similarities with humans and accessibility as model organisms, trainability, and behavioral repertoire. In particular, rats perform a wide range of sophisticated social, cognitive, motor, and learning behaviors within the contexts of both naturalistic and laboratory environments. Further progress in neuroscience can be facilitated by using advanced imaging methods to measure the complex neural and physiological processes during behavior in rats. However, compared with the mouse, the rat nervous system offers a set of challenges, such as larger brain size, decreased neuron density, and difficulty with head restraint. Here, we review recent advances in in vivo imaging techniques in rats with a special focus on open-source solutions for calcium imaging. Finally, we provide suggestions for both users and developers of in vivo imaging systems for rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rifqi O. Affan
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hadas Frostig
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Scott
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center and Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew S. Alexander
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Santa Barbara, California, United States
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24
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Kane GA, Senne RA, Scott BB. Rat movements reflect internal decision dynamics in an evidence accumulation task. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.556575. [PMID: 37745309 PMCID: PMC10515875 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.556575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Perceptual decision-making involves multiple cognitive processes, including accumulation of sensory evidence, planning, and executing a motor action. How these processes are intertwined is unclear; some models assume that decision-related processes precede motor execution, whereas others propose that movements reflecting on-going decision processes occur before commitment to a choice. Here we develop and apply two complementary methods to study the relationship between decision processes and the movements leading up to a choice. The first is a free response pulse-based evidence accumulation task, in which stimuli continue until choice is reported. The second is a motion-based drift diffusion model (mDDM), in which movement variables from video pose estimation constrain decision parameters on a trial-by-trial basis. We find the mDDM provides a better model fit to rats' decisions in the free response accumulation task than traditional DDM models. Interestingly, on each trial we observed a period of time, prior to choice, that was characterized by head immobility. The length of this period was positively correlated with the rats' decision bounds and stimuli presented during this period had the greatest impact on choice. Together these results support a model in which internal decision dynamics are reflected in movements and demonstrate that inclusion of movement parameters improves the performance of diffusion-to-bound decision models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Kane
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston MA
| | - Ryan A. Senne
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston MA
| | - Benjamin B. Scott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston MA
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25
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Zhang Y, Song X, Xie J, Hu J, Chen J, Li X, Zhang H, Zhou Q, Yuan L, Kong C, Shen Y, Wu J, Fang L, Dai Q. Large depth-of-field ultra-compact microscope by progressive optimization and deep learning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4118. [PMID: 37433856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The optical microscope is customarily an instrument of substantial size and expense but limited performance. Here we report an integrated microscope that achieves optical performance beyond a commercial microscope with a 5×, NA 0.1 objective but only at 0.15 cm3 and 0.5 g, whose size is five orders of magnitude smaller than that of a conventional microscope. To achieve this, a progressive optimization pipeline is proposed which systematically optimizes both aspherical lenses and diffractive optical elements with over 30 times memory reduction compared to the end-to-end optimization. By designing a simulation-supervision deep neural network for spatially varying deconvolution during optical design, we accomplish over 10 times improvement in the depth-of-field compared to traditional microscopes with great generalization in a wide variety of samples. To show the unique advantages, the integrated microscope is equipped in a cell phone without any accessories for the application of portable diagnostics. We believe our method provides a new framework for the design of miniaturized high-performance imaging systems by integrating aspherical optics, computational optics, and deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multi-dimension & Multi-scale Computational Photography (MMCP), Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiachen Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multi-dimension & Multi-scale Computational Photography (MMCP), Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- OPPO Research Institute, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Li
- OPPO Research Institute, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- OPPO Research Institute, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiqun Zhou
- OPPO Research Institute, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lekang Yuan
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chui Kong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multi-dimension & Multi-scale Computational Photography (MMCP), Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multi-dimension & Multi-scale Computational Photography (MMCP), Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, 100084, Beijing, China.
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26
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Radostova D, Kuncicka D, Krajcovic B, Hejtmanek L, Petrasek T, Svoboda J, Stuchlik A, Brozka H. Incidental temporal binding in rats: A novel behavioral task. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274437. [PMID: 37347773 PMCID: PMC10286974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed a behavioral task called One-Trial Trace Escape Reaction (OTTER), in which rats incidentally associate two temporally discontinuous stimuli: a neutral acoustic cue (CS) with an aversive stimulus (US) which occurs two seconds later (CS-2s-US sequence). Rats are first habituated to two similar environmental contexts (A and B), each consisting of an interconnected dark and light chamber. Next, rats experience the CS-2s-US sequence in the dark chamber of one of the contexts (either A or B); the US is terminated immediately after a rat escapes into the light chamber. The CS-2s-US sequence is presented only once to ensure the incidental acquisition of the association. The recall is tested 24 h later when rats are presented with only the CS in the alternate context (B or A), and their behavioral response is observed. Our results show that 59% of the rats responded to the CS by escaping to the light chamber, although they experienced only one CS-2s-US pairing. The OTTER task offers a flexible high throughput tool to study memory acquired incidentally after a single experience. Incidental one-trial acquisition of association between temporally discontinuous events may be one of the essential components of episodic memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Radostova
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniela Kuncicka
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Branislav Krajcovic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukas Hejtmanek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Petrasek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Brozka
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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27
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Ding W, Yang L, Chen Q, Hu K, Liu Y, Bao E, Wang C, Mao J, Shen S. Foramen lacerum impingement of trigeminal nerve root as a rodent model for trigeminal neuralgia. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168046. [PMID: 37159265 PMCID: PMC10393239 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a classic neuralgic pain condition with distinct clinical characteristics. Modeling TN in rodents is challenging. Recently, we found that a foramen in the rodent skull base, the foramen lacerum, provides direct access to the trigeminal nerve root. Using this access, we developed a foramen lacerum impingement of trigeminal nerve root (FLIT) model and observed distinct pain-like behaviors in rodents, including paroxysmal asymmetric facial grimaces, head tilt when eating, avoidance of solid chow, and lack of wood chewing. The FLIT model recapitulated key clinical features of TN, including lancinating pain-like behavior and dental pain-like behavior. Importantly, when compared with a trigeminal neuropathic pain model (infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury [IoN-CCI]), the FLIT model was associated with significantly higher numbers of c-Fos-positive cells in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), unraveling robust cortical activation in the FLIT model. On intravital 2-photon calcium imaging, synchronized S1 neural dynamics were present in the FLIT but not the IoN-CCI model, revealing differential implication of cortical activation in different pain models. Taken together, our results indicate that FLIT is a clinically relevant rodent model of TN that could facilitate pain research and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Ding
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liuyue Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Tuft University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Bao
- Brooks School, North Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Changning Wang
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianren Mao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Pais-Roldán P, Yun SD, Palomero-Gallagher N, Shah NJ. Cortical depth-dependent human fMRI of resting-state networks using EPIK. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1151544. [PMID: 37274214 PMCID: PMC10232833 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1151544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent laminar-fMRI studies have substantially improved understanding of the evoked cortical responses in multiple sub-systems; in contrast, the laminar component of resting-state networks spread over the whole brain has been less studied due to technical limitations. Animal research strongly suggests that the supragranular layers of the cortex play a critical role in maintaining communication within the default mode network (DMN); however, whether this is true in this and other human cortical networks remains unclear. Methods Here, we used EPIK, which offers unprecedented coverage at sub-millimeter resolution, to investigate cortical broad resting-state dynamics with depth specificity in healthy volunteers. Results Our results suggest that human DMN connectivity is primarily supported by intermediate and superficial layers of the cortex, and furthermore, the preferred cortical depth used for communication can vary from one network to another. In addition, the laminar connectivity profile of some networks showed a tendency to change upon engagement in a motor task. In line with these connectivity changes, we observed that the amplitude of the low-frequency-fluctuations (ALFF), as well as the regional homogeneity (ReHo), exhibited a different laminar slope when subjects were either performing a task or were in a resting state (less variation among laminae, i.e., lower slope, during task performance compared to rest). Discussion The identification of varied laminar profiles concerning network connectivity, ALFF, and ReHo, observed across two brain states (task vs. rest) has major implications for the characterization of network-related diseases and suggests the potential diagnostic value of laminar fMRI in psychiatric disorders, e.g., to differentiate the cortical dynamics associated with disease stages linked, or not linked, to behavioral changes. The evaluation of laminar-fMRI across the brain encompasses computational challenges; nonetheless, it enables the investigation of a new dimension of the human neocortex, which may be key to understanding neurological disorders from a novel perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pais-Roldán
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Seong Dae Yun
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 1, Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA–BRAIN–Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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29
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Guo C, Blair GJ, Sehgal M, Sangiuliano Jimka FN, Bellafard A, Silva AJ, Golshani P, Basso MA, Blair HT, Aharoni D. Miniscope-LFOV: A large-field-of-view, single-cell-resolution, miniature microscope for wired and wire-free imaging of neural dynamics in freely behaving animals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3918. [PMID: 37083539 PMCID: PMC10121160 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Imaging large-population, single-cell fluorescent dynamics in freely behaving animals larger than mice remains a key endeavor of neuroscience. We present a large-field-of-view open-source miniature microscope (MiniLFOV) designed for large-scale (3.6 mm × 2.7 mm), cellular resolution neural imaging in freely behaving rats. It has an electrically adjustable working distance of up to 3.5 mm ± 100 μm, incorporates an absolute head orientation sensor, and weighs only 13.9 g. The MiniLFOV is capable of both deep brain and cortical imaging and has been validated in freely behaving rats by simultaneously imaging >1000 GCaMP7s-expressing neurons in the hippocampal CA1 layer and in head-fixed mice by simultaneously imaging ~2000 neurons in the dorsal cortex through a cranial window. The MiniLFOV also supports optional wire-free operation using a novel, wire-free data acquisition expansion board. We expect that this new open-source implementation of the UCLA Miniscope platform will enable researchers to address novel hypotheses concerning brain function in freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Guo
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Garrett J. Blair
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Megha Sehgal
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Federico N. Sangiuliano Jimka
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arash Bellafard
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alcino J. Silva
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- West LA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michele A. Basso
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hugh Tad Blair
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
| | - Daniel Aharoni
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author.
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30
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Scherrer JR, Lynch GF, Zhang JJ, Fee MS. An optical design enabling lightweight and large field-of-view head-mounted microscopes. Nat Methods 2023; 20:546-549. [PMID: 36928075 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a fluorescence microscope light path that enables imaging, during free behavior, of thousands of neurons in mice and hundreds of neurons in juvenile songbirds. The light path eliminates traditional illumination optics, allowing for head-mounted microscopes that have both a lower weight and a larger field of view (FOV) than previously possible. Using this light path, we designed two microscopes: one optimized for FOV (~4 mm FOV; 1.4 g), and the other optimized for weight (1.0 mm FOV; 1.0 g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Scherrer
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Galen F Lynch
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jie J Zhang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michale S Fee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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31
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Chao THH, Lee B, Hsu LM, Cerri DH, Zhang WT, Wang TWW, Ryali S, Menon V, Shih YYI. Neuronal dynamics of the default mode network and anterior insular cortex: Intrinsic properties and modulation by salient stimuli. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5732. [PMID: 36791185 PMCID: PMC9931216 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is critical for self-referential mental processes, and its dysfunction is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the neurophysiological properties and task-based functional organization of the rodent DMN are poorly understood, limiting its translational utility. Here, we combine fiber photometry with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and computational modeling to characterize dynamics of putative rat DMN nodes and their interactions with the anterior insular cortex (AI) of the salience network. Our analysis revealed neuronal activity changes in AI and DMN nodes preceding fMRI-derived DMN activations and cyclical transitions between brain network states. Furthermore, we demonstrate that salient oddball stimuli suppress the DMN and enhance AI neuronal activity and that the AI causally inhibits the retrosplenial cortex, a prominent DMN node. These findings elucidate the neurophysiological foundations of the rodent DMN, its spatiotemporal dynamical properties, and modulation by salient stimuli, paving the way for future translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao Harry Chao
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Byeongwook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Li-Ming Hsu
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Domenic Hayden Cerri
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Zhang
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen Winnie Wang
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Srikanth Ryali
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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32
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Guo C, Wang A, Cheng H, Chen L. New imaging instrument in animal models: Two-photon miniature microscope and large field of view miniature microscope for freely behaving animals. J Neurochem 2023; 164:270-283. [PMID: 36281555 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, novel optical imaging tools have been developed for imaging neuronal activities along with the evolution of fluorescence indicators with brighter expression and higher sensitivity. Miniature microscopes, as revolutionary approaches, enable the imaging of large populations of neuron ensembles in freely behaving rodents and mammals, which allows exploring the neural basis of behaviors. Recent progress in two-photon miniature microscopes and mesoscale single-photon miniature microscopes further expand those affordable methods to navigate neural activities during naturalistic behaviors. In this review article, two-photon miniature microscopy techniques are summarized historically from the first documented attempt to the latest ones, and comparisons are made. The driving force behind and their potential for neuroscientific inquiries are also discussed. Current progress in terms of the mesoscale, i.e., the large field-of-view miniature microscopy technique, is addressed as well. Then, pipelines for registering single cells from the data of two-photon and large field-of-view miniature microscopes are discussed. Finally, we present the potential evolution of the techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Guo
- Beijing Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China
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33
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Wirtshafter HS, Disterhoft JF. Place cells are nonrandomly clustered by field location in CA1 hippocampus. Hippocampus 2023; 33:65-84. [PMID: 36519700 PMCID: PMC9877199 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A challenge in both modern and historic neuroscience has been achieving an understanding of neuron circuits, and determining the computational and organizational principles that underlie these circuits. Deeper understanding of the organization of brain circuits and cell types, including in the hippocampus, is required for advances in behavioral and cognitive neuroscience, as well as for understanding principles governing brain development and evolution. In this manuscript, we pioneer a new method to analyze the spatial clustering of active neurons in the hippocampus. We use calcium imaging and a rewarded navigation task to record from 100 s of place cells in the CA1 of freely moving rats. We then use statistical techniques developed for and in widespread use in geographic mapping studies, global Moran's I, and local Moran's I to demonstrate that cells that code for similar spatial locations tend to form small spatial clusters. We present evidence that this clustering is not the result of artifacts from calcium imaging, and show that these clusters are primarily formed by cells that have place fields around previously rewarded locations. We go on to show that, although cells with similar place fields tend to form clusters, there is no obvious topographic mapping of environmental location onto the hippocampus, such as seen in the visual cortex. Insights into hippocampal organization, as in this study, can elucidate mechanisms underlying motivational behaviors, spatial navigation, and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S. Wirtshafter
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 310 E. Superior St., Morton 5-660, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - John F. Disterhoft
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 310 E. Superior St., Morton 5-660, Chicago, IL 60611
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34
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Chen Z, Blair GJ, Guo C, Zhou J, Romero-Sosa JL, Izquierdo A, Golshani P, Cong J, Aharoni D, Blair HT. A hardware system for real-time decoding of in vivo calcium imaging data. eLife 2023; 12:e78344. [PMID: 36692269 PMCID: PMC9908073 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epifluorescence miniature microscopes ('miniscopes') are widely used for in vivo calcium imaging of neural population activity. Imaging data are typically collected during a behavioral task and stored for later offline analysis, but emerging techniques for online imaging can support novel closed-loop experiments in which neural population activity is decoded in real time to trigger neurostimulation or sensory feedback. To achieve short feedback latencies, online imaging systems must be optimally designed to maximize computational speed and efficiency while minimizing errors in population decoding. Here we introduce DeCalciOn, an open-source device for real-time imaging and population decoding of in vivo calcium signals that is hardware compatible with all miniscopes that use the UCLA Data Acquisition (DAQ) interface. DeCalciOn performs online motion stabilization, neural enhancement, calcium trace extraction, and decoding of up to 1024 traces per frame at latencies of <50 ms after fluorescence photons arrive at the miniscope image sensor. We show that DeCalciOn can accurately decode the position of rats (n = 12) running on a linear track from calcium fluorescence in the hippocampal CA1 layer, and can categorically classify behaviors performed by rats (n = 2) during an instrumental task from calcium fluorescence in orbitofrontal cortex. DeCalciOn achieves high decoding accuracy at short latencies using innovations such as field-programmable gate array hardware for real-time image processing and contour-free methods to efficiently extract calcium traces from sensor images. In summary, our system offers an affordable plug-and-play solution for real-time calcium imaging experiments in behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Garrett J Blair
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Changliang Guo
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Jim Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Juan-Luis Romero-Sosa
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Alicia Izquierdo
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Peyman Golshani
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Jason Cong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Daniel Aharoni
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hugh T Blair
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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35
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Zhou Q, Chen Z, Liu YH, El Amki M, Glück C, Droux J, Reiss M, Weber B, Wegener S, Razansky D. Three-dimensional wide-field fluorescence microscopy for transcranial mapping of cortical microcirculation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7969. [PMID: 36577750 PMCID: PMC9797555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide-field fluorescence imaging is an indispensable tool for studying large-scale biodynamics. Limited space-bandwidth product and strong light diffusion make conventional implementations incapable of high-resolution mapping of fluorescence biodistribution in three dimensions. We introduce a volumetric wide-field fluorescence microscopy based on optical astigmatism combined with fluorescence source localization, covering 5.6×5.6×0.6 mm3 imaging volume. Two alternative configurations are proposed exploiting multifocal illumination or sparse localization of point emitters, which are herein seamlessly integrated in one system. We demonstrate real-time volumetric mapping of the murine cortical microcirculation at capillary resolution without employing cranial windows, thus simultaneously delivering quantitative perfusion information across both brain hemispheres. Morphological and functional changes of cerebral vascular networks are further investigated after an acute ischemic stroke, enabling cortex-wide observation of concurrent collateral recruitment events occurring on a sub-second scale. The reported technique thus offers a wealth of unmatched possibilities for non- or minimally invasive imaging of biodynamics across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyu Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Hang Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohamad El Amki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chaim Glück
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne Droux
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Reiss
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland.
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36
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Zaraza D, Chernov MM, Yang Y, Rogers JA, Roe AW, Friedman RM. Head-mounted optical imaging and optogenetic stimulation system for use in behaving primates. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100351. [PMID: 36590689 PMCID: PMC9795332 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in optical technology have revolutionized studies of brain function in freely behaving mice. Here, we describe an optical imaging and stimulation device for use in primates that easily attaches to an intracranial chamber. It consists of affordable commercially available or 3D-printed components: a monochromatic camera, a small standard lens, a wireless μLED stimulator powered by an induction coil, and an LED array for illumination. We show that the intrinsic imaging performance of this device is comparable to a standard benchtop system in revealing the functional organization of the visual cortex for awake macaques in a primate chair or under anesthesia. Imaging revealed neural modulatory effects of wireless focal optogenetic stimulation aimed at identified functional domains. With a 1 to 2 cm field of view, 100× larger than previously used in primates without head restraint, our device permits widefield optical imaging and optogenetic stimulation for ethological studies in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Zaraza
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Mykyta M. Chernov
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Anna W. Roe
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Robert M. Friedman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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37
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Jiang W, Liu Y, Tang Q, Cai X, Li J, Wang L, Tao C, Yin X, Li X, Hou S, Jiang D, Liu K, Zhou X, Zhang H, Liu M, Fan C, Tian Y. Structural and functional imaging of brains. Sci China Chem 2022; 66:324-366. [PMID: 36536633 PMCID: PMC9753096 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing the complex structures and functions of brain is the key issue to understanding the physiological and pathological processes. Although neuronal morphology and local distribution of neurons/blood vessels in the brain have been known, the subcellular structures of cells remain challenging, especially in the live brain. In addition, the complicated brain functions involve numerous functional molecules, but the concentrations, distributions and interactions of these molecules in the brain are still poorly understood. In this review, frontier techniques available for multiscale structure imaging from organelles to the whole brain are first overviewed, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM), light microscopy (LM) and synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy (XRM). Specially, XRM for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of large-scale brain tissue with high resolution and fast imaging speed is highlighted. Additionally, the development of elegant methods for acquisition of brain functions from electrical/chemical signals in the brain is outlined. In particular, the new electrophysiology technologies for neural recordings at the single-neuron level and in the brain are also summarized. We also focus on the construction of electrochemical probes based on dual-recognition strategy and surface/interface chemistry for determination of chemical species in the brain with high selectivity and long-term stability, as well as electrochemophysiological microarray for simultaneously recording of electrochemical and electrophysiological signals in the brain. Moreover, the recent development of brain MRI probes with high contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and sensitivity based on hyperpolarized techniques and multi-nuclear chemistry is introduced. Furthermore, multiple optical probes and instruments, especially the optophysiological Raman probes and fiber Raman photometry, for imaging and biosensing in live brain are emphasized. Finally, a brief perspective on existing challenges and further research development is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Qiaowei Tang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Jiang Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Changlu Tao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | | | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Shangguo Hou
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
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Wang Y, LeDue JM, Murphy TH. Multiscale imaging informs translational mouse modeling of neurological disease. Neuron 2022; 110:3688-3710. [PMID: 36198319 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiscale neurophysiology reveals that simple motor actions are associated with changes in neuronal firing in virtually every brain region studied. Accordingly, the assessment of focal pathology such as stroke or progressive neurodegenerative diseases must also extend widely across brain areas. To derive mechanistic information through imaging, multiple resolution scales and multimodal factors must be included, such as the structure and function of specific neurons and glial cells and the dynamics of specific neurotransmitters. Emerging multiscale methods in preclinical animal studies that span micro- to macroscale examinations fill this gap, allowing a circuit-based understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms. Combined with high-performance computation and open-source data repositories, these emerging multiscale and large field-of-view techniques include live functional ultrasound, multi- and single-photon wide-scale light microscopy, video-based miniscopes, and tissue-penetrating fiber photometry, as well as variants of post-mortem expansion microscopy. We present these technologies and outline use cases and data pipelines to uncover new knowledge within animal models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundi Wang
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M LeDue
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy H Murphy
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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39
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Nietz AK, Popa LS, Streng ML, Carter RE, Kodandaramaiah SB, Ebner TJ. Wide-Field Calcium Imaging of Neuronal Network Dynamics In Vivo. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1601. [PMID: 36358302 PMCID: PMC9687960 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A central tenet of neuroscience is that sensory, motor, and cognitive behaviors are generated by the communications and interactions among neurons, distributed within and across anatomically and functionally distinct brain regions. Therefore, to decipher how the brain plans, learns, and executes behaviors requires characterizing neuronal activity at multiple spatial and temporal scales. This includes simultaneously recording neuronal dynamics at the mesoscale level to understand the interactions among brain regions during different behavioral and brain states. Wide-field Ca2+ imaging, which uses single photon excitation and improved genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators, allows for simultaneous recordings of large brain areas and is proving to be a powerful tool to study neuronal activity at the mesoscopic scale in behaving animals. This review details the techniques used for wide-field Ca2+ imaging and the various approaches employed for the analyses of the rich neuronal-behavioral data sets obtained. Also discussed is how wide-field Ca2+ imaging is providing novel insights into both normal and altered neural processing in disease. Finally, we examine the limitations of the approach and new developments in wide-field Ca2+ imaging that are bringing new capabilities to this important technique for investigating large-scale neuronal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Nietz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laurentiu S. Popa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Martha L. Streng
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Russell E. Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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40
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Machado TA, Kauvar IV, Deisseroth K. Multiregion neuronal activity: the forest and the trees. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:683-704. [PMID: 36192596 PMCID: PMC10327445 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed remarkable advances in the simultaneous measurement of neuronal activity across many brain regions, enabling fundamentally new explorations of the brain-spanning cellular dynamics that underlie sensation, cognition and action. These recently developed multiregion recording techniques have provided many experimental opportunities, but thoughtful consideration of methodological trade-offs is necessary, especially regarding field of view, temporal acquisition rate and ability to guarantee cellular resolution. When applied in concert with modern optogenetic and computational tools, multiregion recording has already made possible fundamental biological discoveries - in part via the unprecedented ability to perform unbiased neural activity screens for principles of brain function, spanning dozens of brain areas and from local to global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Machado
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isaac V Kauvar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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41
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Cai Y, Wu J, Dai Q. Review on data analysis methods for mesoscale neural imaging in vivo. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:041407. [PMID: 35450225 PMCID: PMC9010663 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.4.041407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mesoscale neural imaging in vivo has gained extreme popularity in neuroscience for its capacity of recording large-scale neurons in action. Optical imaging with single-cell resolution and millimeter-level field of view in vivo has been providing an accumulated database of neuron-behavior correspondence. Meanwhile, optical detection of neuron signals is easily contaminated by noises, background, crosstalk, and motion artifacts, while neural-level signal processing and network-level coordinate are extremely complicated, leading to laborious and challenging signal processing demands. The existing data analysis procedure remains unstandardized, which could be daunting to neophytes or neuroscientists without computational background. Aim: We hope to provide a general data analysis pipeline of mesoscale neural imaging shared between imaging modalities and systems. Approach: We divide the pipeline into two main stages. The first stage focuses on extracting high-fidelity neural responses at single-cell level from raw images, including motion registration, image denoising, neuron segmentation, and signal extraction. The second stage focuses on data mining, including neural functional mapping, clustering, and brain-wide network deduction. Results: Here, we introduce the general pipeline of processing the mesoscale neural images. We explain the principles of these procedures and compare different approaches and their application scopes with detailed discussions about the shortcomings and remaining challenges. Conclusions: There are great challenges and opportunities brought by the large-scale mesoscale data, such as the balance between fidelity and efficiency, increasing computational load, and neural network interpretability. We believe that global circuits on single-neuron level will be more extensively explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyi Cai
- Tsinghua University, Department of Automation, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Tsinghua University, Department of Automation, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Tsinghua University, Department of Automation, Beijing, China
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42
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Benisty H, Song A, Mishne G, Charles AS. Review of data processing of functional optical microscopy for neuroscience. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:041402. [PMID: 35937186 PMCID: PMC9351186 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.4.041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional optical imaging in neuroscience is rapidly growing with the development of optical systems and fluorescence indicators. To realize the potential of these massive spatiotemporal datasets for relating neuronal activity to behavior and stimuli and uncovering local circuits in the brain, accurate automated processing is increasingly essential. We cover recent computational developments in the full data processing pipeline of functional optical microscopy for neuroscience data and discuss ongoing and emerging challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Benisty
- Yale Neuroscience, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Alexander Song
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gal Mishne
- UC San Diego, Halıcığlu Data Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Neurosciences Graduate Program, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Adam S. Charles
- Johns Hopkins University, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Center for Imaging Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, and Mathematical Institute for Data Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Xue Y, Yang Q, Hu G, Guo K, Tian L. Deep-learning-augmented computational miniature mesoscope. OPTICA 2022; 9:1009-1021. [PMID: 36506462 PMCID: PMC9731182 DOI: 10.1364/optica.464700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is essential to study biological structures and dynamics. However, existing systems suffer from a trade-off between field of view (FOV), resolution, and system complexity, and thus cannot fulfill the emerging need for miniaturized platforms providing micron-scale resolution across centimeter-scale FOVs. To overcome this challenge, we developed a computational miniature mesoscope (CM2) that exploits a computational imaging strategy to enable single-shot, 3D high-resolution imaging across a wide FOV in a miniaturized platform. Here, we present CM2 V2, which significantly advances both the hardware and computation. We complement the 3 × 3 microlens array with a hybrid emission filter that improves the imaging contrast by 5×, and design a 3D-printed free-form collimator for the LED illuminator that improves the excitation efficiency by 3×. To enable high-resolution reconstruction across a large volume, we develop an accurate and efficient 3D linear shift-variant (LSV) model to characterize spatially varying aberrations. We then train a multimodule deep learning model called CM2Net, using only the 3D-LSV simulator. We quantify the detection performance and localization accuracy of CM2Net to reconstruct fluorescent emitters under different conditions in simulation. We then show that CM2Net generalizes well to experiments and achieves accurate 3D reconstruction across a ~7-mm FOV and 800-μm depth, and provides ~6-μm lateral and ~25-μm axial resolution. This provides an ~8× better axial resolution and ~1400× faster speed compared to the previous model-based algorithm. We anticipate this simple, low-cost computational miniature imaging system will be useful for many large-scale 3D fluorescence imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Qianwan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Guorong Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kehan Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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44
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Chen K, Tian Z, Kong L. Advances of optical miniscopes for in vivo imaging of neural activity in freely moving animals. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:994079. [PMID: 36161177 PMCID: PMC9490007 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.994079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To study neural mechanisms of ethologically relevant behaviors including many social behaviors and navigations, optical miniscopes, which can be carried by the model animals, are indispensable. Recently, a variety of optical miniscopes have been developed to meet this urgent requirement, and successfully applied in the study of neural network activity in free-moving mice, rats, and bats, etc. Generally, miniature fluorescence microscopes can be classified into single-photon and multi-photon fluorescence miniscopes, considering their differences in imaging mechanisms and hardware setups. In this review, we introduce their fundamental principles and system structures, summarize technical advances, and discuss limitations and future trends, for in vivo imaging of neural activity in freely moving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Weiyang College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Weiyang College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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45
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Buetfering C, Zhang Z, Pitsiani M, Smallridge J, Boven E, McElligott S, Häusser M. Behaviorally relevant decision coding in primary somatosensory cortex neurons. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1225-1236. [PMID: 36042310 PMCID: PMC7613627 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary sensory cortex is thought to process incoming sensory information, while decision variables important for driving behavior are assumed to arise downstream in the processing hierarchy. Here, we used population two-photon calcium imaging and targeted two-photon optogenetic stimulation of neurons in layer 2/3 of mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during a texture discrimination task to test for the presence of decision signals and probe their behavioral relevance. Small but distinct populations of neurons carried information about the stimulus irrespective of the behavioral outcome (stimulus neurons), or about the choice irrespective of the presented stimulus (decision neurons). Decision neurons show categorical coding that develops during learning, and lack a conclusive decision signal in Miss trials. All-optical photostimulation of decision neurons during behavior improves behavioral performance, establishing a causal role in driving behavior. The fact that stimulus and decision neurons are intermingled challenges the idea of S1 as a purely sensory area, and causal perturbation suggests a direct involvement of S1 decision neurons in the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Buetfering
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Margarita Pitsiani
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Smallridge
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- Neurophenomenology of Consciousness Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Boven
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sacha McElligott
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Häusser
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
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Chen Z, Zhou Q, Deán‐Ben XL, Gezginer I, Ni R, Reiss M, Shoham S, Razansky D. Multimodal Noninvasive Functional Neurophotonic Imaging of Murine Brain-Wide Sensory Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105588. [PMID: 35798308 PMCID: PMC9404388 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modern optical neuroimaging approaches are expanding the ability to elucidate complex brain function. Diverse imaging contrasts enable direct observation of neural activity with functional sensors along with the induced hemodynamic responses. To date, decoupling the complex interplay of neurovascular coupling and dynamical physiological states has remained challenging when employing single-modality functional neuroimaging readings. A hybrid fluorescence optoacoustic tomography platform combined with a custom data processing pipeline based on statistical parametric mapping is devised, attaining the first noninvasive observation of simultaneous calcium and hemodynamic activation patterns using optical contrasts. Correlated changes in the oxy- and deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, and rapid GCaMP6f fluorescence signals are observed in response to peripheral sensory stimulation. While the concurrent epifluorescence serves to corroborate and complement the functional optoacoustic observations, the latter further aids in decoupling the rapid calcium responses from the slowly varying background in the fluorescence recordings mediated by hemodynamic changes. The hybrid imaging platform expands the capabilities of conventional neuroimaging methods to provide more comprehensive functional readings for studying neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling mechanisms and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán‐Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Irmak Gezginer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Michael Reiss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Shy Shoham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Tech4Health and Neuroscience InstitutesNYU Langone HealthNew York10016USA
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
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Chao THH, Zhang WT, Hsu LM, Cerri DH, Wang TW, Shih YYI. Computing hemodynamic response functions from concurrent spectral fiber-photometry and fMRI data. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:032205. [PMID: 35005057 PMCID: PMC8734587 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Although emerging evidence suggests that the hemodynamic response function (HRF) can vary by brain region and species, a single, canonical, human-based HRF is widely used in animal studies. Therefore, the development of flexible, accessible, brain-region specific HRF calculation approaches is paramount as hemodynamic animal studies become increasingly popular. Aim: To establish an fMRI-compatible, spectral, fiber-photometry platform for HRF calculation and validation in any rat brain region. Approach: We used our platform to simultaneously measure (a) neuronal activity via genetically encoded calcium indicators (GCaMP6f), (b) local cerebral blood volume (CBV) from intravenous Rhodamine B dye, and (c) whole brain CBV via fMRI with the Feraheme contrast agent. Empirical HRFs were calculated with GCaMP6f and Rhodamine B recordings from rat brain regions during resting-state and task-based paradigms. Results: We calculated empirical HRFs for the rat primary somatosensory, anterior cingulate, prelimbic, retrosplenial, and anterior insular cortical areas. Each HRF was faster and narrower than the canonical HRF and no significant difference was observed between these cortical regions. When used in general linear model analyses of corresponding fMRI data, the empirical HRFs showed better detection performance than the canonical HRF. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the viability and utility of fiber-photometry-based HRF calculations. This platform is readily scalable to multiple simultaneous recording sites, and adaptable to study transfer functions between stimulation events, neuronal activity, neurotransmitter release, and hemodynamic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao H. Chao
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
| | - Wei-Ting Zhang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
| | - Li-Ming Hsu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
| | - Domenic H. Cerri
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
| | - Tzu-Wen Wang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
| | - Yen-Yu I. Shih
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
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48
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Kim CY, Kim SJ, Kloosterman F. Simultaneous Cellular Imaging, Electrical Recording and Stimulation of Hippocampal Activity in Freely Behaving Mice. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:208-220. [PMID: 35786642 PMCID: PMC9272116 DOI: 10.5607/en22011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal sharp-wave ripple activity (SWRs) and the associated replay of neural activity patterns are well-known for their role in memory consolidation. This activity has been studied using electrophysiological approaches, as high temporal resolution is required to recognize SWRs in the neuronal signals. However, it has been difficult to analyze the individual contribution of neurons to task-specific SWRs, because it is hard to track neurons across a long time with electrophysiological recording. In this study, we recorded local field potential (LFP) signals in the hippocampal CA1 of freely behaving mice and simultaneously imaged calcium signals in contralateral CA1 to leverage the advantages of both electrophysiological and imaging approaches. We manufactured a custom-designed microdrive array and targeted tetrodes to the left hippocampus CA1 for LFP recording and applied electrical stimulation in the ventral hippocampal commissure (VHC) for closed-loop disruption of SWRs. Neuronal population imaging in the right hippocampal CA1 was performed using a miniature fluorescent microscope (Miniscope) and a genetically encoded calcium indicator. As SWRs show highly synchronized bilateral occurrence, calcium signals of SWR-participating neurons could be identified and tracked in spontaneous or SWR-disrupted conditions. Using this approach, we identified a subpopulation of CA1 neurons showing synchronous calcium elevation to SWRs. Our results showed that SWR-related calcium transients are more disrupted by electrical stimulation than non-SWR-related calcium transients, validating the capability of the system to detect and disrupt SWRs. Our dual recording method can be used to uncover the dynamic participation of individual neurons in SWRs and replay over extended time windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,NERF, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Fabian Kloosterman
- NERF, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Brain & Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,VIB, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,imec, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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49
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Wirtshafter HS, Disterhoft JF. In Vivo Multi-Day Calcium Imaging of CA1 Hippocampus in Freely Moving Rats Reveals a High Preponderance of Place Cells with Consistent Place Fields. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4538-4554. [PMID: 35501152 PMCID: PMC9172072 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1750-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium imaging using GCaMP indicators and miniature microscopes has been used to image cellular populations during long timescales and in different task phases, as well as to determine neuronal circuit topology and organization. Because the hippocampus (HPC) is essential for tasks of memory, spatial navigation, and learning, calcium imaging of large populations of HPC neurons can provide new insight on cell changes over time during these tasks. All reported HPC in vivo calcium imaging experiments have been done in mouse. However, rats have many behavioral and physiological experimental advantages over mice. In this paper, we present the first (to our knowledge) in vivo calcium imaging from CA1 HPC in freely moving male rats. Using the UCLA Miniscope, we demonstrate that, in rat, hundreds of cells can be visualized and held across weeks. We show that calcium events in these cells are highly correlated with periods of movement, with few calcium events occurring during periods without movement. We additionally show that an extremely large percent of cells recorded during a navigational task are place cells (77.3 ± 5.0%, surpassing the percent seen during mouse calcium imaging), and that these cells enable accurate decoding of animal position and can be held over days with consistent place fields in a consistent spatial map. A detailed protocol is included, and implications of these advancements on in vivo imaging and place field literature are discussed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In vivo calcium imaging in freely moving animals allows the visualization of cellular activity across days. In this paper, we present the first in vivo Ca2+ recording from CA1 hippocampus (HPC) in freely moving rats. We demonstrate that hundreds of cells can be visualized and held across weeks, and that calcium activity corresponds to periods of movement. We show that a high percentage (77.3 ± 5.0%) of imaged cells are place cells, and that these place cells enable accurate decoding and can be held stably over days with little change in field location. Because the HPC is essential for many tasks involving memory, navigation, and learning, imaging of large populations of HPC neurons can shed new insight on cellular activity changes and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Wirtshafter
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - John F Disterhoft
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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50
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Krishnan V, Wade-Kleyn LC, Israeli RR, Pelled G. Peripheral Nerve Injury Induces Changes in the Activity of Inhibitory Interneurons as Visualized in Transgenic GAD1-GCaMP6s Rats. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060383. [PMID: 35735531 PMCID: PMC9221547 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury induces cortical remapping that can lead to sensory complications. There is evidence that inhibitory interneurons play a role in this process, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Glutamate decarboxylase-1 (GAD1) is a protein expressed exclusively in inhibitory interneurons. Transgenic rats encoding GAD1–GCaMP were generated to visualize the activity in GAD1 neurons through genetically encoded calcium indicators (GCaMP6s) in the somatosensory cortex. Forepaw denervation was performed in adult rats, and fluorescent Ca2+ imaging on cortical slices was obtained. Local, intrahemispheric stimulation (cortical layers 2/3 and 5) induced a significantly higher fluorescence change of GAD1-expressing neurons, and a significantly higher number of neurons were responsive to stimulation in the denervated rats compared to control rats. However, remote, interhemispheric stimulation of the corpus callosum induced a significantly lower fluorescence change of GAD1-expressing neurons, and significantly fewer neurons were deemed responsive to stimulation within layer 5 in denervated rats compared to control rats. These results suggest that injury impacts interhemispheric communication, leading to an overall decrease in the activity of inhibitory interneurons in layer 5. Overall, our results provide direct evidence that inhibitory interneuron activity in the deprived S1 is altered after injury, a phenomenon likely to affect sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Krishnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | | | - Ron R. Israeli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Galit Pelled
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(517)-884-7464
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