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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Li C, Fu H, Lin L, Yang Z, Zhang B. The association of sleep duration and leukocyte telomere length in middle-aged and young-old adults: A cross-sectional study of UK Biobank. Sleep Med 2024; 117:18-24. [PMID: 38493659 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between sleep duration and aging-associated diseases are intricate. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a biomarker of aging, while the association of sleep duration and LTL is unclear. METHODS The 310,091 study participants from UK Biobank were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis was firstly performed to assess the nonlinear relationship between sleep duration and LTL. Sleep duration was then categorized into three groups: <7 h (short sleep duration), 7-8 h (reference group), and >8 h (long sleep duration) and multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the association of short sleep and long sleep duration with LTL. We further performed subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age, chronotype and snoring. RESULTS RCS showed an inverted J-shaped relationship between sleep duration and LTL. Compared with the reference group, the inverse association of long sleep duration and LTL was statistically significant in fully-adjusted model (P = 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that this association was more apparent in people over 50 years (51-60 y: P = 0.002; >60 y: P = 0.005), in men (P = 0.022), and in people preferred evening chronotype (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Compared with participants sleeping 7-8 h, those sleep longer than 8 h had shorter LTL in middle-aged and young-old adults. The negative association between long sleep duration and LTL was more apparent in older people, in men, and in people preferred evening chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yuanting Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Chunhao Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Hongna Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Luyang Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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2
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Levine DC, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. A metabolic perspective to sleep genetics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102874. [PMID: 38582021 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic signals that regulate sleep and the metabolic functions that occur during sleep are active areas of research. Prior studies have focused on sugars and nucleotides but new genetic evidence suggests novel functions of lipid and amino acid metabolites in sleep. Additional genetic studies of energetic signaling pathways and the circadian clock transcription factor network have increased our understanding of how sleep responds to changes in the metabolic state. This review focuses on key recent insights from genetic experiments in humans and model organisms to improve our understanding of the interrelationship between metabolism and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Levine
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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3
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Shi T, Shah I, Dang Q, Taylor L, Jagannath A. Sex-specific regulation of the cortical transcriptome in response to sleep deprivation. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1303727. [PMID: 38504908 PMCID: PMC10948409 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1303727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have documented sex differences in sleep behaviour, however, the molecular determinants of such differences remain unknown. Furthermore, most studies addressing molecular mechanisms have been performed only in males, leaving the current state of knowledge biased towards the male sex. To address this, we studied the differences in the transcriptome of the cerebral cortex of male and female C57Bl/6 J mice after 6 h of sleep deprivation. We found that several genes, including the neurotrophin growth factor Bdnf, immediate early genes Fosb and Fosl2, and the adenylate cyclase Adcy7 are differentially upregulated in males compared to females. We identified the androgen-receptor activating transcription factor EZH2 as the upstream regulatory element specifying sex differences in the sleep deprivation transcriptome. We propose that the pathways downstream of these transcripts, which impact on cellular re-organisation, synaptic signalling, and learning may underpin the differential response to sleep deprivation in the two sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Shi
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ishani Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Quang Dang
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Vinmec-VinUni Institute of Immunology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lewis Taylor
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aarti Jagannath
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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4
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Xing L, Zou X, Yin C, Webb JM, Shi G, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Diverse roles of pontine NPS-expressing neurons in sleep regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320276121. [PMID: 38381789 PMCID: PMC10907243 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320276121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) was postulated to be a wake-promoting neuropeptide with unknown mechanism, and a mutation in its receptor (NPSR1) causes the short sleep duration trait in humans. We investigated the role of different NPS+ nuclei in sleep/wake regulation. Loss-of-function and chemogenetic studies revealed that NPS+ neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PB) are wake-promoting, whereas peri-locus coeruleus (peri-LC) NPS+ neurons are not important for sleep/wake modulation. Further, we found that a NPS+ nucleus in the central gray of the pons (CGPn) strongly promotes sleep. Fiber photometry recordings showed that NPS+ neurons are wake-active in the CGPn and wake/REM-sleep active in the PB and peri-LC. Blocking NPS-NPSR1 signaling or knockdown of Nps supported the function of the NPS-NPSR1 pathway in sleep/wake regulation. Together, these results reveal that NPS and NPS+ neurons play dichotomous roles in sleep/wake regulation at both the molecular and circuit levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xing
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Xianlin Zou
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Chen Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - John M. Webb
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Guangsen Shi
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan528400, China
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
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5
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Naveed M, Chao OY, Hill JW, Yang YM, Huston JP, Cao R. Circadian neurogenetics and its implications in neurophysiology, behavior, and chronomedicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105523. [PMID: 38142983 PMCID: PMC10872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm affects multiple physiological processes, and disruption of the circadian system can be involved in a range of disease-related pathways. The genetic underpinnings of the circadian rhythm have been well-studied in model organisms. Significant progress has been made in understanding how clock genes affect the physiological functions of the nervous system. In addition, circadian timing is becoming a key factor in improving drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity. The circadian biology of the target cell determines how the organ responds to the drug at a specific time of day, thus regulating pharmacodynamics. The current review brings together recent advances that have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms of how the circadian clock affects neurophysiological and behavioral processes associated with human brain diseases. We start with a brief description of how the ubiquitous circadian rhythms are regulated at the genetic, cellular, and neural circuit levels, based on knowledge derived from extensive research on model organisms. We then summarize the latest findings from genetic studies of human brain disorders, focusing on the role of human clock gene variants in these diseases. Lastly, we discuss the impact of common dietary factors and medications on human circadian rhythms and advocate for a broader application of the concept of chronomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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6
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Weston G, Zilanawala A, Webb E, Carvalho L, McMunn A. Work hours, weekend working, nonstandard work schedules and sleep quantity and quality: findings from the UK household longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:309. [PMID: 38281025 PMCID: PMC10821573 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical temporal work patterns such as working longer than the standard 35-40 h/ week, weekend working, and nonstandard work schedules (i.e. outside of the typical 9-5, including but not restricted to shiftwork) are increasingly prevalent in the UK. Aside from occupation-specific studies, little is known about the effects of these atypical temporal work patterns on sleep among workers in the UK, even though poor sleep has been linked to adverse health problems, lower workplace productivity, and economic costs. METHOD We used regression models to investigate associations between three types of atypical temporal work patterns (long and short weekly work hours, weekend working, and nonstandard schedules) and sleep duration and disturbance using data from over 25,000 employed men and women from 2012-2014 and/or 2015-2017 in the UK Household Longitudinal Study, adjusting for potential confounders and psychosocial work factors. RESULTS We found that relative to a standard 35-40 h/week, working 55 h/week or more was related to short sleep (less than 7 h/night) and sleep disturbance. Working most/all weekends compared to non-weekends was associated with short sleep, long sleep (more than 8 h/night), and sleep disturbance, as was working nonstandard schedules relative to standard schedules (fixed day-time schedules). Further analyses suggested some gender differences. CONCLUSIONS These results should prompt employers and policymakers to recognise the need for rest and recovery, consider how the timing and scheduling of work might be improved to better support workers' health and productivity, and consider appropriate compensation for anyone required to work atypical temporal work patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Weston
- ESRC International Centre for Lifecourse Studies, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Afshin Zilanawala
- Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Webb
- Age UK, 7th Floor, One America Square, 17 Crosswall, London, EC3N 2LB, UK
| | - Livia Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anne McMunn
- ESRC International Centre for Lifecourse Studies, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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7
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Liu H, Zhong H, Lin Y, Han L, Chen M, Tang T, Deng J. Association of Antihypertensive Drug-Related Gene Polymorphisms with Stroke in the Chinese Hypertensive Population. Int J Hypertens 2024; 2024:5528787. [PMID: 38298191 PMCID: PMC10827366 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5528787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antihypertensive therapy is crucial for preventing stroke in hypertensive patients. However, the efficacy of antihypertensive therapy varies across individuals, partially due to therapy-related genetic variations among individuals. We investigated the association of antihypertensive drug-related gene polymorphism with stroke in patients with hypertension. Methods Demographic information, medication, and outcome data were obtained from a hypertensive patient management system, and a PCR fluorescence probe technique was used to detect 7 gene polymorphic loci (CYP2D6∗10, ADRB1, CYP2C9∗3, AGTR1, ACE, CYP3A5∗3, and NPPA), and these loci were compared between patients with and without stroke. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the association of these genetic variations with stroke risk in hypertensive patients while controlling for potential factors. Results The prevalence of stroke in the hypertensive population in Changsha County of Hunan Province was 2.75%. The mutation frequencies of ADRB1 (1165G > C), CYP2D6∗10, CYP2C9∗3, AGTR1 (1166A > C), ACE (I/D), NPPA (2238T > C), and CYP3A5∗3 were 74.43%, 57.23%, 4.26%, 5.71%, 31.62%, 1.17%, and 69.58%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that ADRB1 polymorphism was associated with stroke (χ2 = 8.659, P < 0.05), with a higher stroke risk in the CC group than in the GC and GG groups (GC + GG). Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the CC genotype in ADRB1 (vs. the GC + GG genotype) was associated with an increased risk of stroke [odds ratio (OR) = 1.184, P<0.05] in hypertensive patients. No association was observed between CYP2D6∗10, CYP2C9∗3, AGTR1 (1166A > C), ACE (I/D), CYP3A5∗3, and NPPA (2238T > C) polymorphisms and stroke. Conclusions ADRB1 (1165G > C) gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of stroke in Chinese hypertensive patients. The CC genotype is correlated with a higher risk of stroke than the GC + GG genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linzhi Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mengshi Chen
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, Zhejiang 314500, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Cherasse Y, Taira Y, Rassu AL, Barateau L, Evangelista E, Muratani M, Funato H, Yanagisawa M, Dauvilliers Y. Association between idiopathic hypersomnia and a genetic variant in the PER3 gene. J Sleep Res 2024:e14146. [PMID: 38253863 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We aim to identify genetic markers associated with idiopathic hypersomnia, a disabling orphan central nervous system disorder of hypersomnolence that is still poorly understood. In our study, DNA was extracted from 79 unrelated patients diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time at the National Reference Center for Narcolepsy-France according to very stringent diagnostic criteria. Whole exome sequencing on the first 30 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (25 females and 5 males) allowed the single nucleotide variants to be compared with a control population of 574 healthy subjects from the French Exome project database. We focused on the identification of genetic variants among 182 genes related to the regulation of sleep and circadian rhythm. Candidate variants obtained by exome sequencing analysis were then validated in a second sample of 49 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (37 females and 12 males). Our study characterised seven variants from six genes significantly associated with idiopathic hypersomnia compared with controls. A targeted sequencing analysis of these seven variants on 49 other patients with idiopathic hypersomnia confirmed the relative over-representation of the A➔C variant of rs2859390, located in a potential splicing-site of PER3 gene. Our findings support a genetic predisposition and identify pathways involved in the pathogeny of idiopathic hypersomnia. A variant of the PER3 gene may predispose to idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Cherasse
- Institute of Medicine/International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuki Taira
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Anna Laura Rassu
- Sleep and Wake Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Barateau
- Sleep and Wake Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisa Evangelista
- Sleep and Wake Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep and Wake Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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9
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Costa-Font J, Fleche S, Pagan R. The labour market returns to sleep. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2024; 93:102840. [PMID: 37995463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing prevalence of insufficient sleep among individuals, we still know little about the labour market return to sleep. To address this gap, we use longitudinal data from Germany and leverage exogenous fluctuations in sleep duration caused by variations in time and local sunset times. Our findings reveal that a one-hour increase in weekly sleep is associated with a 1.6 percentage point rise in employment and a 3.4% increase in weekly earnings. Such effect on earnings stems from productivity improvements given that the number of working hours decreases with longer sleep duration. We also identify a key mechanism driving these effects, namely the enhanced mental well-being experienced by individuals who sleep longer hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Costa-Font
- London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), United Kingdom; IZA, Germany; CESifo, Germany.
| | - Sarah Fleche
- University Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, CNRS, Sorbonne Economics Centre, France; Centre for Economic Performance (LSE), United Kingdom.
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Li Y, Li C, Liu Y, Yu J, Yang J, Cui Y, Wang TV, Li C, Jiang L, Song M, Rao Y. Sleep need, the key regulator of sleep homeostasis, is indicated and controlled by phosphorylation of threonine 221 in salt-inducible kinase 3. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad136. [PMID: 37477881 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep need drives sleep and plays a key role in homeostatic regulation of sleep. So far sleep need can only be inferred by animal behaviors and indicated by electroencephalography (EEG). Here we report that phosphorylation of threonine (T) 221 of the salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) increased the catalytic activity and stability of SIK3. T221 phosphorylation in the mouse brain indicates sleep need: more sleep resulting in less phosphorylation and less sleep more phosphorylation during daily sleep/wake cycle and after sleep deprivation (SD). Sleep need was reduced in SIK3 loss of function (LOF) mutants and by T221 mutation to alanine (T221A). Rebound after SD was also decreased in SIK3 LOF and T221A mutant mice. By contrast, SIK1 and SIK2 do not satisfy criteria to be both an indicator and a controller of sleep need. Our results reveal SIK3-T221 phosphorylation as a chemical modification which indicates and controls sleep need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chengang Li
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingqun Yang
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao V Wang
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Meilin Song
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
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11
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Sato S, Hishida T, Kinouchi K, Hatanaka F, Li Y, Nguyen Q, Chen Y, Wang PH, Kessenbrock K, Li W, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Sassone-Corsi P. The circadian clock CRY1 regulates pluripotent stem cell identity and somatic cell reprogramming. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112590. [PMID: 37261952 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct metabolic conditions rewire circadian-clock-controlled signaling pathways leading to the de novo construction of signal transduction networks. However, it remains unclear whether metabolic hallmarks unique to pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are connected to clock functions. Reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state, here we highlighted non-canonical functions of the circadian repressor CRY1 specific to PSCs. Metabolic reprogramming, including AMPK inactivation and SREBP1 activation, was coupled with the accumulation of CRY1 in PSCs. Functional assays verified that CRY1 is required for the maintenance of self-renewal capacity, colony organization, and metabolic signatures. Genome-wide occupancy of CRY1 identified CRY1-regulatory genes enriched in development and differentiation in PSCs, albeit not somatic cells. Last, cells lacking CRY1 exhibit differential gene expression profiles during induced PSC (iPSC) reprogramming, resulting in impaired iPSC reprogramming efficiency. Collectively, these results suggest the functional implication of CRY1 in pluripotent reprogramming and ontogenesis, thereby dictating PSC identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Tomoaki Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fumiaki Hatanaka
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yumei Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yumay Chen
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ping H Wang
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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12
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He QY, Dai N, Mao M, Ma J, Wen Q, Song DD, Liu Y, Li F. Insomnia and circadian rhythm: a bibliometrics study and visualization analysis via CiteSpace. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1184302. [PMID: 37396774 PMCID: PMC10308182 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1184302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to use CiteSpace to analyze the status of insomnia and circadian rhythm, identify the hot spots and trends, and provide a basis for future study. Method The Web of Science database was searched for studies related to insomnia and circadian from its inception to 14 April 2023. CiteSpace was used to generate online maps of collaboration between countries and authors and revealed hot spots and frontiers in insomnia and circadian rhythm. Results We searched 4,696 publications related to insomnia and circadian rhythm. Bruno Etain was the most prolific author with most publications, i.e., with 24 articles. The USA and the University of California were the leading country and the top institution in this field of study, with 1,672 and 269 articles, respectively. There was active cooperation between institutions, countries, and authors. Hot topics focused on circadian rhythm sleep disorders, circadian clock, light therapy, melatonin, and bipolar disorder. Conclusion Based on the CiteSpace results, we recommend a more active collaboration between various countries, institutions, and authors to conduct clinical and basic research related to insomnia and circadian rhythm. Ongoing research focuses on the interaction of insomnia with circadian rhythms and the corresponding pathways of clock genes and by extension, the role of circadian rhythms in disorders such as bipolar disorder. Modulation of circadian rhythms may be a hot spot for future insomnia therapies (such as light therapy and melatonin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun He
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Research Institutes, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Mao
- Department of Ethnic Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Wen
- Department of Brain Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Song
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Scientific Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Dong Q, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Mutant β 1-adrenergic receptor improves REM sleep and ameliorates tau accumulation in a mouse model of tauopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221686120. [PMID: 37014857 PMCID: PMC10104526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221686120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential for our well-being, and chronic sleep deprivation has unfavorable health consequences. We recently demonstrated that two familial natural short sleep (FNSS) mutations, DEC2-P384R and Npsr1-Y206H, are strong genetic modifiers of tauopathy in PS19 mice, a model of tauopathy. To gain more insight into how FNSS variants modify the tau phenotype, we tested the effect of another FNSS gene variant, Adrb1-A187V, by crossing mice with this mutation onto the PS19 background. We found that the Adrb1-A187V mutation helped restore rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and alleviated tau aggregation in a sleep-wake center, the locus coeruleus (LC), in PS19 mice. We found that ADRB1+ neurons in the central amygdala (CeA) sent projections to the LC, and stimulating CeAADRB1+ neuron activity increased REM sleep. Furthermore, the mutant Adrb1 attenuated tau spreading from the CeA to the LC. Our findings suggest that the Adrb1-A187V mutation protects against tauopathy by both mitigating tau accumulation and attenuating tau spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
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14
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Lee YY, Endale M, Wu G, Ruben MD, Francey LJ, Morris AR, Choo NY, Anafi RC, Smith DF, Liu AC, Hogenesch JB. Integration of genome-scale data identifies candidate sleep regulators. Sleep 2023; 46:zsac279. [PMID: 36462188 PMCID: PMC9905783 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Genetics impacts sleep, yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying sleep regulation remain elusive. In this study, we built machine learning models to predict sleep genes based on their similarity to genes that are known to regulate sleep. METHODS We trained a prediction model on thousands of published datasets, representing circadian, immune, sleep deprivation, and many other processes, using a manually curated list of 109 sleep genes. RESULTS Our predictions fit with prior knowledge of sleep regulation and identified key genes and pathways to pursue in follow-up studies. As an example, we focused on the NF-κB pathway and showed that chronic activation of NF-κB in a genetic mouse model impacted the sleep-wake patterns. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the power of machine learning in integrating prior knowledge and genome-wide data to study genetic regulation of complex behaviors such as sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yeng Lee
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mehari Endale
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Marc D Ruben
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lauren J Francey
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Andrew R Morris
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Natalie Y Choo
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and the Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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15
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Duan D, Kim LJ, Jun JC, Polotsky VY. Connecting insufficient sleep and insomnia with metabolic dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:94-117. [PMID: 36373239 PMCID: PMC9839511 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes parallels the rampant state of sleep deprivation in our society. Epidemiological studies consistently show an association between insufficient sleep and metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, sleep and circadian rhythm exert considerable influences on hormones involved in appetite regulation and energy metabolism. As such, data from experimental sleep deprivation in humans demonstrate that insufficient sleep induces a positive energy balance with resultant weight gain, due to increased energy intake that far exceeds the additional energy expenditure of nocturnal wakefulness, and adversely impacts glucose metabolism. Conversely, animal models have found that sleep loss-induced energy expenditure exceeds caloric intake resulting in net weight loss. However, animal models have significant limitations, which may diminish the clinical relevance of their metabolic findings. Clinically, insomnia disorder and insomnia symptoms are associated with adverse glucose outcomes, though it remains challenging to isolate the effects of insomnia on metabolic outcomes independent of comorbidities and insufficient sleep durations. Furthermore, both pharmacological and behavioral interventions for insomnia may have direct metabolic effects. The goal of this review is to establish an updated framework for the causal links between insufficient sleep and insomnia and risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lenise J. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan C. Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Lane JM, Qian J, Mignot E, Redline S, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Genetics of circadian rhythms and sleep in human health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:4-20. [PMID: 36028773 PMCID: PMC10947799 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and sleep are fundamental biological processes integral to human health. Their disruption is associated with detrimental physiological consequences, including cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and immunological dysfunctions. Yet many of the molecular underpinnings of sleep regulation in health and disease have remained elusive. Given the moderate heritability of circadian and sleep traits, genetics offers an opportunity that complements insights from model organism studies to advance our fundamental molecular understanding of human circadian and sleep physiology and linked chronic disease biology. Here, we review recent discoveries of the genetics of circadian and sleep physiology and disorders with a focus on those that reveal causal contributions to complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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17
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Zou HX, Hu T, Zhao JY, Qiu BQ, Zou CC, Xu QR, Liu JC, Lai SQ, Huang H. Exploring Dysregulated Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Septic Myocardial Injury Based on Human Heart Transcriptomes: Evidence and New Insights. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:995-1015. [PMID: 36923465 PMCID: PMC10010745 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis is currently a common condition in emergency and intensive care units, and is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Cardiac dysfunction caused by septic myocardial injury (SMI) is associated with adverse prognosis and has significant economic and human costs. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SMI have long been a subject of interest. Recent studies have identified ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death associated with iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, as a pathological factor in the development of SMI. However, the current understanding of how ferroptosis functions and regulates in SMI remains limited, particularly in the absence of direct evidence from human heart. Methods We performed a sequential comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of human sepsis cardiac transcriptome data obtained through the GEO database. The lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse SMI model was used to validate the ferroptosis features and transcriptional expression of key genes. Results We identified widespread dysregulation of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in SMI based on the human septic heart transcriptomes, deeply explored the underlying biological mechanisms and crosstalks, followed by the identification of key functional modules and hub genes through the construction of protein-protein interaction network. Eight key FRGs that regulate ferroptosis in SMI, including HIF1A, MAPK3, NOX4, PPARA, PTEN, RELA, STAT3 and TP53, were identified, as well as the ferroptosis features. All the key FRGs showed excellent diagnostic capability for SMI, part of them was associated with the prognosis of sepsis patients and the immune infiltration in the septic hearts, and potential ferroptosis-modulating drugs for SMI were predicted based on key FRGs. Conclusion This study provides human septic heart transcriptome-based evidence and brings new insights into the role of ferroptosis in SMI, which is significant for expanding the understanding of the pathobiological mechanisms of SMI and exploring promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Xi Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Medical Innovation Experimental Program, Huan Kui College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Quan Qiu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Chao Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Rong Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Qing Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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18
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The prevalence of sleep loss and sleep disorders in young and old adults. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100057. [PMID: 36911264 PMCID: PMC9997161 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to sleep declines with age. The National Sleep Foundation, USA has recommended a minimum sleep amount for all ages. Individuals who experience sleep lesser than the recommended amount could be sleep-deprived. Several factors like stress, altered circadian cycle, medical conditions, etc. cause sleep deficiency. Almost 50-60 % of elderly population suffer from sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep behavior disorder, etc. Chronic sleep deprivation may further lead to the development of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This paper reviews the prevalence of sleep disorders and consequences of sleep loss in young and old adults.
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19
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Zheng L, Zhang L. The molecular mechanism of natural short sleep: A path towards understanding why we need to sleep. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2022.9050003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep constitutes a third of human life and it is increasingly recognized as important for health. Over the past several decades, numerous genes have been identified to be involved in sleep regulation in animal models, but most of these genes when disturbed impair not only sleep but also health and physiological functions. Human natural short sleepers are individuals with lifelong short sleep and no obvious adverse outcomes associated with the lack of sleep. These traits appear to be heritable, and thus characterization of the genetic basis of natural short sleep provides an opportunity to study not only the genetic mechanism of human sleep but also the relationship between sleep and physiological function. This review focuses on the current understanding of mutations associated with the natural short sleep trait and the mechanisms by which they contribute to this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
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20
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Weedon MN, Jones SE, Lane JM, Lee J, Ollila HM, Dawes A, Tyrrell J, Beaumont RN, Partonen T, Merikanto I, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Frayling TM, Rutter MK, Redline S, Sofer T, Saxena R, Wood AR. The impact of Mendelian sleep and circadian genetic variants in a population setting. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010356. [PMID: 36137075 PMCID: PMC9499244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare variants in ten genes have been reported to cause Mendelian sleep conditions characterised by extreme sleep duration or timing. These include familial natural short sleep (ADRB1, DEC2/BHLHE41, GRM1 and NPSR1), advanced sleep phase (PER2, PER3, CRY2, CSNK1D and TIMELESS) and delayed sleep phase (CRY1). The association of variants in these genes with extreme sleep conditions were usually based on clinically ascertained families, and their effects when identified in the population are unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of these variants on sleep traits in large population-based cohorts. We performed genetic association analysis of variants previously reported to be causal for Mendelian sleep and circadian conditions. Analyses were performed using 191,929 individuals with data on sleep and whole-exome or genome-sequence data from 4 population-based studies: UK Biobank, FINRISK, Health-2000-2001, and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We identified sleep disorders from self-report, hospital and primary care data. We estimated sleep duration and timing measures from self-report and accelerometery data. We identified carriers for 10 out of 12 previously reported pathogenic variants for 8 of the 10 genes. They ranged in frequency from 1 individual with the variant in CSNK1D to 1,574 individuals with a reported variant in the PER3 gene in the UK Biobank. No carriers for variants reported in NPSR1 or PER2 were identified. We found no association between variants analyzed and extreme sleep or circadian phenotypes. Using sleep timing as a proxy measure for sleep phase, only PER3 and CRY1 variants demonstrated association with earlier and later sleep timing, respectively; however, the magnitude of effect was smaller than previously reported (sleep midpoint ~7 mins earlier and ~5 mins later, respectively). We also performed burden tests of protein truncating (PTVs) or rare missense variants for the 10 genes. Only PTVs in PER2 and PER3 were associated with a relevant trait (for example, 64 individuals with a PTV in PER2 had an odds ratio of 4.4 for being "definitely a morning person", P = 4x10-8; and had a 57-minute earlier midpoint sleep, P = 5x10-7). Our results indicate that previously reported variants for Mendelian sleep and circadian conditions are often not highly penetrant when ascertained incidentally from the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel E. Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hanna M. Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Amy Dawes
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Jess Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Robin N. Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Martin K. Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
Genetics is one of the various approaches adopted to understand and control mammalian sleep. Reverse genetics, which is usually applied to analyze sleep in gene-deficient mice, has been the mainstream field of genetic studies on sleep for the past three decades and has revealed that various molecules, including orexin, are involved in sleep regulation. Recently, forward genetic studies in humans and mice have identified gene mutations responsible for heritable sleep abnormalities, such as SIK3, NALCN, DEC2, the neuropeptide S receptor, and β1 adrenergic receptor. Furthermore, the protein kinase A-SIK3 pathway was shown to represent the intracellular neural signaling for sleep need. Large-scale genome-wide analyses of human sleep have been conducted, and many gene loci associated with individual differences in sleep have been found. The development of genome-editing technology and gene transfer by an adeno-associated virus has updated and expanded the genetic studies on mammals. These efforts are expected to elucidate the mechanisms of sleep–wake regulation and develop new therapeutic interventions for sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, USA
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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22
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Webb JM, Ma M, Yin C, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. An excitatory peri-tegmental reticular nucleus circuit for wake maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203266119. [PMID: 35901245 PMCID: PMC9407645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203266119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a necessity for our survival, but its regulation remains incompletely understood. Here, we used a human sleep duration gene to identify a population of cells in the peri-tegmental reticular nucleus (pTRNADRB1) that regulate sleep-wake, uncovering a role for a poorly understood brain area. Although initial ablation in mice led to increased wakefulness, further validation revealed that pTRNADRB1 neuron stimulation strongly promotes wakefulness, even after stimulation offset. Using combinatorial genetics, we found that excitatory pTRNADRB1 neurons promote wakefulness. pTRN neurons can be characterized as anterior- or posterior-projecting neurons based on multiplexed analysis of projections by sequencing (MAPseq) analysis. Finally, we found that pTRNADRB1 neurons promote wakefulness, in part, through projections to the lateral hypothalamus. Thus, human genetic information from a human sleep trait allowed us to identify a role for the pTRN in sleep-wake regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Webb
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Chen Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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23
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Basacik D, Tailor A. A feast-and-famine pattern of sleep: Do railway staff get the sleep they need? APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 102:103711. [PMID: 35276419 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between sleep and health and wellbeing is receiving increasing attention in our society, following decades of research that has demonstrated the impact of insufficient sleep on performance and health. Fatigue has been identified as a factor in 21% of high-risk incidents in the GB rail industry, and insufficient sleep and long periods of being awake are known to be two key contributors to fatigue. This paper presents evidence from a recent survey conducted in the GB rail industry, which enabled the sleep and wakefulness of railway workers to be quantified. There were 7807 responses to the survey, which represents a very large sample. Responses were primarily collected online, though paper copies were made available in some organisations. Respondents reported sleeping less when working nights, more when working days, and the most on days off, which suggests a feast-and-famine pattern of sleep. 41% were getting 6 h of sleep or less when working days, compared to 63% when working nights. Getting 6 h or less of sleep was associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. Although it is accepted that individuals' sleep requirements vary, the patterns that shift workers reported in this survey suggest that many are not achieving the amount of sleep they need. The findings of the survey presented in this paper highlight that there is work to be done to understand and address the causes of insufficient sleep in railway workers.
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24
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Gentry NW, McMahon T, Yamazaki M, Webb J, Arnold TD, Rosi S, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Microglia are involved in the protection of memories formed during sleep deprivation. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 12:100073. [PMID: 35028489 PMCID: PMC8741522 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2021.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation can generate inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. In turn, this inflammation increases sleep drive, leading to a rebound in sleep duration. Microglia, the innate immune cells found exclusively in the CNS, have previously been found to release inflammatory signals and exhibit altered characteristics in response to sleep deprivation. Together, this suggests that microglia may be partially responsible for the brain's response to sleep deprivation through their inflammatory activity. In this study, we ablated microglia from the mouse brain and assessed resulting sleep, circadian, and sleep deprivation phenotypes. We find that microglia are dispensable for both homeostatic sleep and circadian function and the sleep rebound response to sleep deprivation. However, we uncover a phenomenon by which microglia appear to be essential for the protection of fear-conditioning memories formed during the recovery sleep period following a period of sleep deprivation. This phenomenon occurs potentially through the upregulation of synaptic-homeostasis related genes to protect nascent dendritic spines that may be otherwise removed or downscaled during recovery sleep. These findings further expand the list of known functions for microglia in synaptic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Gentry
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John Webb
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas D. Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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25
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Dong Q, Gentry NW, McMahon T, Yamazaki M, Benitez-Rivera L, Wang T, Gan L, Ptáček L, Fu YH. Familial natural short sleep mutations reduce Alzheimer pathology in mice. iScience 2022; 25:103964. [PMID: 35496999 PMCID: PMC9042888 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies have demonstrated that poor sleep increases the development of AD, direct evidence elucidating the benefits of good sleep on the AD pathogenesis is lacking. Familial Natural Short Sleepers (FNSS) are genetically wired to have lifelong reduction in nightly sleep duration without evident consequence on cognitive demise, implying that they may have better sleep quality. Here we investigated two FNSS mutations, DEC2-P384R and Npsr1-Y206H, on the development of tau and amyloid pathology in AD-like mouse models. We found that the development of tau pathology is attenuated in the hippocampus of tau mice carrying FNSS mutations. We also found that DEC2-P384R;5XFAD and female Npsr1-Y206H;5XFAD mice exhibit significantly less amyloid plaques than control mice at 6 months of age. Together, these results reveal that these two FNSS alleles are strong genetic modifiers of AD pathology and may confer resilience to the progression of tau pathology and amyloid plaque formation in neurodegeneration. Two FNSS mutations are strong genetic modifiers of AD-like pathology in mice Mutant DEC2 and Npsr1 reduced tau pathology in PS19 mouse model of tauopathy Mutant DEC2 and Npsr1 slowed down amyloid plaques in 5XFAD APP transgenic mouse model Efficient sleep may be an exciting therapeutic target for ameliorating AD development
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas W Gentry
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lorena Benitez-Rivera
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tammy Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen & Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Louis Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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26
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Abstract
Sleep is entwined across many physiologic processes in the brain and periphery, thereby exerting tremendous influence on our well-being. Yet sleep exists in a social-environmental context. Contextualizing sleep health with respect to its determinants—from individual- to societal-level factors—would enable neuroscientists to more effectively translate sleep health into clinical practice. Key challenges and opportunities pertain to (i) recognizing and exploring sleep’s functional roles, (ii) clarifying causal mechanisms in relation to key outcomes, (iii) developing richer model systems, (iv) linking models to known contextual factors, and (v) leveraging advances in multisensory technology. Meeting these challenges and opportunities would help transcend disciplinary boundaries such that social-environmental considerations related to sleep would become an ever-greater presence in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Suite AHSC 7326, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona College of Science, 1503 E. University Blvd., Room 507, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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27
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Yook JH, Rizwan M, Shahid NUA, Naguit N, Jakkoju R, Laeeq S, Reghefaoui T, Zahoor H, Mohammed L. Some Twist of Molecular Circuitry Fast Forwards Overnight Sleep Hours: A Systematic Review of Natural Short Sleepers' Genes. Cureus 2021; 13:e19045. [PMID: 34722012 PMCID: PMC8547374 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review focuses on different genetic mutations identified in studies on natural short sleepers, who would not be ill-defined as one type of sleep-related disorder. The reviewed literature is from databases such as PubMed, PMC, Scopus, and ResearchGate. Due to the rare prevalence, the number of studies conducted on natural short sleepers is limited. Hence, searching the search of databases was done without any date restriction and included animal studies, since mouse and fly models share similarities with human sleep behaviors. Of the 12 articles analyzed, four conducted two types of studies, animal and human (cross-sectional or randomized-controlled studies), to testify the effects of human mutant genes in familial natural short sleepers via transgenic mouse or fly models. The remaining eight articles mainly focused on one type of study each: animal study (four articles), cross-sectional study (two articles), review (one article), and case report (one article). Hence, those articles brought different perspectives on the natural short sleep phenomenon by identifying intrinsic factors like DEC2, NPSR1, mGluR1, and β1-AR mutant genes. Natural short sleep traits in either point-mutations or single null mutations in those genes have been examined and confirmed its intrinsic nature in affected individuals without any related health concerns. Finally, this review added a potential limitation in these studies, mainly highlighting intrinsic causes since one case study reported an extrinsically triggered short sleep behavior in an older man without any family history. The overall result of the review study suggests that the molecular mechanisms tuned by identified sleep genes can give some potential points of therapeutic intervention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Yook
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, CHN
| | - Muneeba Rizwan
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Noor Ul Ain Shahid
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Noreen Naguit
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Rakesh Jakkoju
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sadia Laeeq
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Tiba Reghefaoui
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hafsa Zahoor
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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28
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms, present in most phyla across life, are biological oscillations occurring on a daily cycle. Since the discovery of their molecular foundations in model organisms, many inputs that modify this tightly controlled system in humans have been identified. Polygenic variations and environmental factors influence each person's circadian rhythm, contributing to the trait known as chronotype, which manifests as the degree of morning or evening preference in an individual. Despite normal variation in chronotype, much of society operates on a "one size fits all" schedule that can be difficult to adjust to, especially for certain individuals whose endogenous circadian phase is extremely advanced or delayed. This is a public health concern, as phase misalignment in humans is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. Additionally, modern technology (such as electric lights and computer, tablet, and phone screens that emit blue light) and lifestyles (such as shift or irregular work schedules) are disrupting circadian consistency in an increasing number of people. Though medical and lifestyle interventions can alleviate some of these issues, growing research on endogenous circadian variability and sensitivity suggests that broader social changes may be necessary to minimize the impact of circadian misalignment on health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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29
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Webb JM, Fu YH. Recent advances in sleep genetics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:19-24. [PMID: 33360546 PMCID: PMC8217384 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep regulation has a strong genetic component. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in sleep genetics from knockout, point mutation, and GWAS studies. We overview specific genetic effects on REM versus NREM sleep as well as how the implicated genes fall in broad functional categories. Furthermore, we elucidate how genes affect different aspects of sleep including sleep duration, sleep consolidation, recovery sleep, and the circadian timing of sleep, demonstrating that genetic studies can be powerful in understanding how the body regulates sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Webb
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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30
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Huang S, Sigrist SJ. Presynaptic and postsynaptic long-term plasticity in sleep homeostasis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Panchin Y, Kovalzon VM. Total Wake: Natural, Pathological, and Experimental Limits to Sleep Reduction. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:643496. [PMID: 33897357 PMCID: PMC8058214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is not considered a pathological state, but it consumes a third of conscious human life. This share is much more than most optimistic life extension forecasts that biotechnologies or experimental and medical interventions can offer. Are there insurmountable physical or biological limitations to reducing the duration of sleep? How far can it be avoided without fatal consequences? What means can reduce the length of sleep? It is widely accepted that sleep is necessary for long-term survival. Here we review the limited yet intriguing evidence that is not consistent with this notion. We concentrate on clinical cases of complete and partial loss of sleep and on human mutations that result in a short sleep phenotype. These observations are supported by new animal studies and are discussed from the perspective of sleep evolution. Two separate hypotheses suggest distinct approaches for remodeling our sleep machinery. If sleep serves an unidentified vital physiological function, this indispensable function has to be identified before “sleep prosthesis” (technical, biological, or chemical) can be developed. If sleep has no vital function, but rather represents a timing mechanism for adaptive inactivity, sleep could be reduced by forging the sleep generation system itself, with no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Panchin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Mathematical Methods in Biology, Belozersky Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Kovalzon
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Soave M, Stoddart LA, White CW, Kilpatrick LE, Goulding J, Briddon SJ, Hill SJ. Detection of genome-edited and endogenously expressed G protein-coupled receptors. FEBS J 2021; 288:2585-2601. [PMID: 33506623 PMCID: PMC8647918 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors and major targets for FDA-approved drugs. The ability to quantify GPCR expression and ligand binding characteristics in different cell types and tissues is therefore important for drug discovery. The advent of genome editing along with developments in fluorescent ligand design offers exciting new possibilities to probe GPCRs in their native environment. This review provides an overview of the recent technical advances employed to study the localisation and ligand binding characteristics of genome-edited and endogenously expressed GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of Birmingham and University of NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
| | - Leigh A. Stoddart
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of Birmingham and University of NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
| | - Carl W. White
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of Birmingham and University of NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical ResearchQEII Medical CentreThe University of Western AustraliaNedlandsAustralia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics TechnologiesAustralia
| | - Laura E. Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of Birmingham and University of NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
- Division of Biomolecular Science and Medicinal ChemistrySchool of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery InstituteUniversity of NottinghamUK
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of Birmingham and University of NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
| | - Stephen J. Briddon
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of Birmingham and University of NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of Birmingham and University of NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
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33
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Induction of Mutant Sik3Sleepy Allele in Neurons in Late Infancy Increases Sleep Need. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2733-2746. [PMID: 33558433 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1004-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is regulated in a homeostatic manner. Sleep deprivation increases sleep need, which is compensated mainly by increased EEG δ power during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and, to a lesser extent, by increased sleep amount. Although genetic factors determine the constitutive level of sleep need and sleep amount in mice and humans, the molecular entity behind sleep need remains unknown. Recently, we found that a gain-of-function Sleepy (Slp) mutation in the salt-inducible kinase 3 (Sik3) gene, which produces the mutant SIK3(SLP) protein, leads to an increase in NREMS EEG δ power and sleep amount. Since Sik3Slp mice express SIK3(SLP) in various types of cells in the brain as well as multiple peripheral tissues from the embryonic stage, the cell type and developmental stage responsible for the sleep phenotype in Sik3Slp mice remain to be elucidated. Here, we generated two mouse lines, synapsin1CreERT2 and Sik3ex13flox mice, which enable inducible Cre-mediated, conditional expression of SIK3(SLP) in neurons on tamoxifen administration. Administration of tamoxifen to synapsin1CreERT2 mice during late infancy resulted in higher recombination efficiency than administration during adolescence. SIK3(SLP) expression after late infancy increased NREMS and NREMS δ power in male synapsin1CreERT2; Sik3 ex13flox/+ mice. The expression of SIK3(SLP) after adolescence led to a higher NREMS δ power without a significant change in NREMS amounts. Thus, neuron-specific expression of SIK3(SLP) after late infancy is sufficient to increase sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The propensity to accumulate sleep need during wakefulness and to dissipate it during sleep underlies the homeostatic regulation of sleep. However, little is known about the developmental stage and cell types involved in determining the homeostatic regulation of sleep. Here, we show that Sik3Slp allele induction in mature neurons in late infancy is sufficient to increase non-rapid eye movement sleep amount and non-rapid eye movement sleep δ power. SIK3 signaling in neurons constitutes an intracellular mechanism to increase sleep.
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Kitazawa H, Hasegawa K, Aruga D, Tanaka M. Potential Genetic Contributions of the Central Nervous System to a Predisposition to Elite Athletic Traits: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030371. [PMID: 33807752 PMCID: PMC8000928 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent remarkable advances in genetic technologies have allowed for the identification of genetic factors potentially related to a predisposition to elite athletic performance. Most of these genetic variants seem to be implicated in musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary functions. Conversely, it remains unclear whether functions of the central nervous system (CNS) genetically contribute to elite athletic traits, although the CNS plays critical roles in exercise performance. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the emerging implications of CNS-related genes in the modulation of brain activities, including mental performance and motor-related traits, thereby potentially contributing to high levels of exercise performance. In this review, recent advances are summarized, and future research directions are discussed in regard to CNS-related genes with potential roles in a predisposition to elite athletic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Kitazawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (H.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Morioka University, 808 Sunakomi, Takizawa City, Iwate 020-0694, Japan;
| | - Daichi Aruga
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (H.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (H.K.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-555-83-5200
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Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. The whole is greater than the sum of the parts. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145965. [PMID: 33463539 PMCID: PMC7810464 DOI: 10.1172/jci145965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Malejko K, Hafner S, Plener PL, Bonenberger M, Groen G, Abler B, Graf H. Neural signature of error processing in major depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1359-1368. [PMID: 33595693 PMCID: PMC8429380 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of major depression (MD) is heterogenous and comprises various affective and cognitive symptoms including an increased sensitivity to errors. Various electrophysiological but only few functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigated neural error processing in MD with inconsistent findings. Thus, reliable evidence regarding neural signatures of error processing in patients with current MD is limited despite its potential relevance as viable neurobiological marker of psychopathology. We therefore investigated a sample of 16 young adult female patients with current MD and 17 healthy controls (HC). During fMRI, we used an established Erikson-flanker Go/NoGo-paradigm and focused on neural alterations during errors of commission. In the absence of significant differences in rates of errors of commission in MD compared to HC, we observed significantly (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected on cluster level) enhanced neural activations of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in MD relative to HC and thus, in brain regions consistently associated to neural error processing and corresponding behavioral adjustments. Considering comparable task performance, in particular similar commission error rates in MD and HC, our results support the evidence regarding an enhanced responsivity of neural error detection mechanisms in MD as a potential neural signature of increased negative feedback sensitivity as one of the core psychopathological features of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Malejko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hafner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul L. Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany ,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Bonenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Georg Groen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Abler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Graf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, Germany
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Sleep duration: A review of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in adults from 2007 to 2020. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 56:101413. [PMID: 33338765 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A modest body of research exists in the area of human sleep genetics, which suggests that specific sleep phenotypes are, like many other complex traits, somewhat heritable. Until 2007 research into sleep genetics relied solely on twin studies, but in the last 13 years with the advent of huge biobanks and very large-scale genome-wide association studies, the field of molecular sleep genetics has seen important advances. To date, the majority have focused on self-reported sleep duration, but in recent years genome-wide association studies of objectively-measured sleep have emerged. These genetic studies have discovered multiple common genetic variants and as such, have provided insight into potential biological pathways, causal relationships between sleep duration and important disease outcomes using Mendelian randomisation. They have also shown that the heritability of these traits may not be as high as previously estimated. This article is the first to provide a detailed review of these recent advances in the genetic epidemiology of sleep duration. Studies were identified using both the GWAS Catalog and PubMed for completeness. Focus is on the genome-wide association studies published to date, including whether and how they have elucidated important biology and advanced knowledge in the area of sleep and health.
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Patel CN, Kumar SP, Rawal RM, Thaker MB, Pandya HA. Development of cardiotoxicity model using ligand-centric and receptor-centric descriptors. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320971259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bioinformatics and statistical analysis have been employed to develop a classification model to distinguish toxic and non-toxic molecules. Aims: The primary objective of this study is to enumerate the cut-off values of various physico-chemical (ligand-centric) and target interaction (receptor-centric) descriptors which forms the basis for classifying cardiotoxic and non-toxic molecules. We also sought correlation of molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology (ADMET) parameters, Lipinski rules, physico-chemical parameters, etc. of human cardiotoxicity drugs. Methods: A training and test set of 91 compounds were applied to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using 2D and 3D descriptors as discriminating variables representing various molecular modeling parameters to identify which function of descriptor type is responsible for cardiotoxicity. Internal validation was performed using the leave-one-out cross-validation methodology ensuing in good results, assuring the stability of the discriminant function (DF). Results: The values of the statistical parameters Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) and Wilk’s λ for the DF showed reliable statistical significance, as long as the success rate in the prediction for both the training and the test set attained more than 93% accuracy, 87.50% sensitivity and 94.74% specificity. Conclusion: The predictive model was built using a hybrid approach using organ-specific targets for docking and ADMET properties for the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved and withdrawn drugs. Classifiers were developed by linear discriminant analysis and the cut-off was enumerated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis to achieve reliable specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag N Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sivakumar Prasanth Kumar
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh M Rawal
- Department of Life Sciences, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Manishkumar B Thaker
- Department of Statistics, M.G. Science Institute, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Himanshu A Pandya
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Shi G, Yin C, Fan Z, Xing L, Mostovoy Y, Kwok PY, Ashbrook LH, Krystal AD, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Mutations in Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 Contribute to Natural Short Sleep Trait. Curr Biol 2020; 31:13-24.e4. [PMID: 33065013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient and efficient sleep is crucial for our health. Natural short sleepers can sleep significantly shorter than the average population without a desire for more sleep and without any obvious negative health consequences. In searching for genetic variants underlying the short sleep trait, we found two different mutations in the same gene (metabotropic glutamate receptor 1) from two independent natural short sleep families. In vitro, both of the mutations exhibited loss of function in receptor-mediated signaling. In vivo, the mice carrying the individual mutations both demonstrated short sleep behavior. In brain slices, both of the mutations changed the electrical properties and increased excitatory synaptic transmission. These results highlight the important role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 in modulating sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsen Shi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chen Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zenghua Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yulia Mostovoy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Liza H Ashbrook
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Jaggard JB, Lloyd E, Yuiska A, Patch A, Fily Y, Kowalko JE, Appelbaum L, Duboue ER, Keene AC. Cavefish brain atlases reveal functional and anatomical convergence across independently evolved populations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/38/eaba3126. [PMID: 32938683 PMCID: PMC7494351 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental perturbation can drive behavioral evolution and associated changes in brain structure and function. The Mexican fish species, Astyanax mexicanus, includes eyed river-dwelling surface populations and multiple independently evolved populations of blind cavefish. We used whole-brain imaging and neuronal mapping of 684 larval fish to generate neuroanatomical atlases of surface fish and three different cave populations. Analyses of brain region volume and neural circuits associated with cavefish behavior identified evolutionary convergence in hindbrain and hypothalamic expansion, and changes in neurotransmitter systems, including increased numbers of catecholamine and hypocretin/orexin neurons. To define evolutionary changes in brain function, we performed whole-brain activity mapping associated with behavior. Hunting behavior evoked activity in sensory processing centers, while sleep-associated activity differed in the rostral zone of the hypothalamus and tegmentum. These atlases represent a comparative brain-wide study of intraspecies variation in vertebrates and provide a resource for studying the neural basis of behavioral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Jaggard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Evan Lloyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Anders Yuiska
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Adam Patch
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yaouen Fily
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Johanna E Kowalko
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and The Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Erik R Duboue
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Clarkson-Townsend DA, Kennedy E, Everson TM, Deyssenroth MA, Burt AA, Hao K, Chen J, Pardue MT, Marsit CJ. Seasonally variant gene expression in full-term human placenta. FASEB J 2020; 34:10431-10442. [PMID: 32574425 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000291r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal exposures influence human health and development. The placenta, as a mediator of the maternal and fetal systems and a regulator of development, is an ideal tissue to understand the biological pathways underlying relationships between season of birth and later life health outcomes. Here, we conducted a differential expression (DE) analysis of season of birth in full-term human placental tissue to evaluate whether the placenta may be influenced by seasonal cues. Of the analyzed transcripts, 583 displayed DE between summer and winter births (False Discovery Rate [FDR] q < .05); among these, BHLHE40, MIR210HG, and HILPDA had increased expression among winter births (Bonferroni P < .05). Enrichment analyses of the seasonally variant genes between summer and winter births indicated overrepresentation of transcription factors HIF1A, VDR, and CLOCK, among others, and of GO term pathways related to ribosomal activity and infection. Additionally, a cosinor analysis found rhythmic expression for approximately 11.9% of all 17 664 analyzed placental transcripts. These results suggest that the placenta responds to seasonal cues and add to the growing body of evidence that the placenta acts as a peripheral clock, which may provide a molecular explanation for the extensive associations between season of birth and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Clarkson-Townsend
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kennedy
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd M Everson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maya A Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber A Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Sleep is a ubiquitous and complex behavior in both its manifestation and regulation. Despite its essential role in maintaining optimal performance, health, and well-being, the genetic mechanisms underlying sleep remain poorly understood. Here, we review the forward genetic approaches undertaken in the last four years to elucidate the genes and gene pathways affecting sleep and its regulation. Despite an increasing number of studies and mining large databases, a coherent picture on “sleep” genes has yet to emerge. We highlight the results achieved by using unbiased genetic screens mainly in humans, mice, and fruit flies with an emphasis on normal sleep and make reference to lessons learned from the circadian field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Jan
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Bruce F O'Hara
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40515, USA
| | - Paul Franken
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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43
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Genetics of Circadian and Sleep Measures in Adults: Implications for Sleep Medicine. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-020-00165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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