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Bandi AC, Runyan CA. Different state-dependence of population codes across cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595581. [PMID: 38826351 PMCID: PMC11142168 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
During perceptual decision-making, behavioral performance varies with changes in internal states such as arousal, motivation, and strategy. Yet it is unknown how these internal states affect information coding across cortical regions involved in differing aspects of sensory perception and decision-making. We recorded neural activity from the primary auditory cortex (AC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in mice performing a navigation-based sound localization task. We then modeled transitions in the behavioral strategies mice used during task performance. Mice transitioned between three latent performance states with differing decision-making strategies: an 'optimal' state and two 'sub-optimal' states characterized by choice bias and frequent errors. Performance states strongly influenced population activity patterns in association but not sensory cortex. Surprisingly, activity of individual PPC neurons was better explained by external inputs and behavioral variables during suboptimal behavioral performance than in the optimal performance state. Furthermore, shared variability across neurons (coupling) in PPC was strongest in the optimal state. In AC, shared variability was similarly weak across all performance states. Together, these findings indicate that neural activity in association cortex is more strongly linked to internal state than in sensory cortex.
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Wang J, Li G, Ji G, Hu Y, Zhang W, Ji W, Yu J, Han Y, Cui G, Wang H, Manza P, Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Zhang Y. Habenula Volume and Functional Connectivity Changes Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy for Obesity Treatment. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:916-925. [PMID: 37480977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies have revealed alterations in habenular (Hb) structure and functional connectivity (FC) in psychiatric conditions. The Hb plays a particularly critical role in regulating negative emotions, which trigger excessive food intake and obesity. However, obesity and weight loss intervention (i.e., laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy [LSG])-associated changes in Hb structure and FC have not been studied. METHODS We used voxel-based morphometry analysis to measure changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in the Hb in 56 patients with obesity at pre-LSG and 12 months post-LSG and in 78 normal-weight (NW) control participants. Then, we conducted Hb seed-based resting-state FC (RSFC) to examine obesity-related and LSG-induced alterations in RSFC. Finally, we used mediation analysis to characterize the interrelationships among Hb GMV, RSFC, and behaviors. RESULTS Compared with NW participants, Hb GMV was smaller in patients at pre-LSG and increased at 12 months post-LSG to levels equivalent to that of NW; in addition, increases in Hb GMV were correlated with reduced body mass index (BMI). Compared with NW participants, pre-LSG patients showed greater RSFCs of the Hb-insula, Hb-precentral gyrus, and Hb-rolandic operculum and weaker RSFCs of the Hb-thalamus, Hb-hypothalamus, and Hb-caudate; LSG normalized these RSFCs. Decreased RSFC of the Hb-insula was correlated with reduced BMI, Yale Food Addiction Scale rating, and emotional eating; reduced hunger levels were correlated with increased RSFCs of the Hb-thalamus and Hb-hypothalamus; and reduced BMI and Yale Food Addiction Scale ratings were correlated with increased RSFCs of the Hb-thalamus and Hb-hypothalamus, respectively. The bidirectional relationships between Hb GMV and RSFC of the Hb-insula contributed to reduced BMI. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that LSG increased Hb GMV and that its related improvement in RSFC of the Hb-insula may mediate long-term benefits of LSG for eating behaviors and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Ji
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weibin Ji
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhao Z, Covelo A, Couderc Y, Mitra A, Varilh M, Wu Y, Jacky D, Fayad R, Cannich A, Bellocchio L, Marsicano G, Beyeler A. Cannabinoids regulate an insula circuit controlling water intake. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1918-1929.e5. [PMID: 38636514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The insular cortex, or insula, is a large brain region involved in the detection of thirst and the regulation of water intake. However, our understanding of the topographical, circuit, and molecular mechanisms for controlling water intake within the insula remains parcellated. We found that type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in the insular cortex cells participate in the regulation of water intake and deconstructed the circuit mechanisms of this control. Topographically, we revealed that the activity of excitatory neurons in both the anterior insula (aIC) and posterior insula (pIC) increases in response to water intake, yet only the specific removal of CB1 receptors in the pIC decreases water intake. Interestingly, we found that CB1 receptors are highly expressed in insula projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA), while undetectable in the neighboring central part of the amygdala. Thus, we recorded the neurons of the aIC or pIC targeting the BLA (aIC-BLA and pIC-BLA) and found that they decreased their activity upon water drinking. Additionally, chemogenetic activation of pIC-BLA projection neurons decreased water intake. Finally, we uncovered CB1-dependent short-term synaptic plasticity (depolarization-induced suppression of excitation [DSE]) selectively in pIC-BLA, compared with aIC-BLA synapses. Altogether, our results support a model where CB1 receptor signaling promotes water intake by inhibiting the pIC-BLA pathway, thereby contributing to the fine top-down control of thirst responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ana Covelo
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yoni Couderc
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Arojit Mitra
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marjorie Varilh
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yifan Wu
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Débora Jacky
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rim Fayad
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anna Beyeler
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Talpir I, Livneh Y. Stereotyped goal-directed manifold dynamics in the insular cortex. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114027. [PMID: 38568813 PMCID: PMC11063631 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex is involved in diverse processes, including bodily homeostasis, emotions, and cognition. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how it processes information at the level of neuronal populations. We leveraged recent advances in unsupervised machine learning to study insular cortex population activity patterns (i.e., neuronal manifold) in mice performing goal-directed behaviors. We find that the insular cortex activity manifold is remarkably consistent across different animals and under different motivational states. Activity dynamics within the neuronal manifold are highly stereotyped during rewarded trials, enabling robust prediction of single-trial outcomes across different mice and across various natural and artificial motivational states. Comparing goal-directed behavior with self-paced free consumption, we find that the stereotyped activity patterns reflect task-dependent goal-directed reward anticipation, and not licking, taste, or positive valence. These findings reveal a core computation in insular cortex that could explain its involvement in pathologies involving aberrant motivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Talpir
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoav Livneh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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5
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Toussaint B, Heinzle J, Stephan KE. A computationally informed distinction of interoception and exteroception. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105608. [PMID: 38432449 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
While interoception is of major neuroscientific interest, its precise definition and delineation from exteroception continue to be debated. Here, we propose a functional distinction between interoception and exteroception based on computational concepts of sensor-effector loops. Under this view, the classification of sensory inputs as serving interoception or exteroception depends on the sensor-effector loop they feed into, for the control of either bodily (physiological and biochemical) or environmental states. We explain the utility of this perspective by examining the perception of skin temperature, one of the most challenging cases for distinguishing between interoception and exteroception. Specifically, we propose conceptualising thermoception as inference about the thermal state of the body (including the skin), which is directly coupled to thermoregulatory processes. This functional view emphasises the coupling to regulation (control) as a defining property of perception (inference) and connects the definition of interoception to contemporary computational theories of brain-body interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Toussaint
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jakob Heinzle
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas Enno Stephan
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Zhang F, Wei Y, Weng R, Xu Q, Li R, Yu Y, Xu G. Paraventricular thalamus-insular cortex circuit mediates colorectal visceral pain induced by neonatal colonic inflammation in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14534. [PMID: 37994678 PMCID: PMC11017444 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, but its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, particularly the involvements of central nervous system sensitization in colorectal visceral pain. Our study was to investigate whether the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) projected to the insular cortex (IC) to regulate colorectal visceral pain in neonatal colonic inflammation (NCI) mice and underlying mechanisms. METHODS We applied optogenetic, chemogenetic, or pharmacological approaches to manipulate the glutamatergicPVT-IC pathway. Fiber photometry was used to assess neuronal activity. Electromyography activities in response to colorectal distension (CRD) were measured to evaluate the colorectal visceral pain. RESULTS NCI enhanced c-Fos expression and calcium activity upon CRD in the ICGlu, and optogenetic manipulation of them altered colorectal visceral pain responses accordingly. Viral tracing indicated that the PVTGlu projected to the ICGlu. Optogenetic manipulation of PVTGlu changed colorectal visceral pain responses. Furthermore, selective optogenetic modulation of PVT projections in the IC influenced colorectal visceral pain, which was reversed by chemogenetic manipulation of downstream ICGlu. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a novel PVT-IC neural circuit playing a critical role in colorectal visceral pain in a mouse model of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu‐Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Ying‐Xue Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Rui‐Xia Weng
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Qi‐Ya Xu
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Guang‐Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP. R. China
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7
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von Werder D, Regnath F, Schäfer D, Jörres R, Lehnen N, Glasauer S. Post-COVID breathlessness: a mathematical model of respiratory processing in the brain. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-023-01739-y. [PMID: 38502207 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Breathlessness is among the most common post-COVID symptoms. In a considerable number of patients, severe breathlessness cannot be explained by peripheral organ impairment. Recent concepts have described how such persistent breathlessness could arise from dysfunctional processing of respiratory information in the brain. In this paper, we present a first quantitative and testable mathematical model of how processing of respiratory-related signals could lead to breathlessness perception. The model is based on recent theories that the brain holds an adaptive and dynamic internal representation of a respiratory state that is based on previous experiences and comprises gas exchange between environment, lung and tissue cells. Perceived breathlessness reflects the brain's estimate of this respiratory state signaling a potentially hazardous disequilibrium in gas exchange. The internal respiratory state evolves from the respiratory state of the last breath, is updated by a sensory measurement of CO2 concentration, and is dependent on the current activity context. To evaluate our model and thus test the assumed mechanism, we used data from an ongoing rebreathing experiment investigating breathlessness in patients with post-COVID without peripheral organ dysfunction (N = 5) and healthy control participants without complaints after COVID-19 (N = 5). Although the observed breathlessness patterns varied extensively between individual participants in the rebreathing experiment, our model shows good performance in replicating these individual, heterogeneous time courses. The model assumes the same underlying processes in the central nervous system in all individuals, i.e., also between patients and healthy control participants, and we hypothesize that differences in breathlessness are explained by different weighting and thus influence of these processes on the final percept. Our model could thus be applied in future studies to provide insight into where in the processing cascade of respiratory signals a deficit is located that leads to (post-COVID) breathlessness. A potential clinical application could be, e.g., the monitoring of effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on respiratory processing in the brain to improve the therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina von Werder
- Institute of Medical Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Lipezker Strasse 47, 03048, Cottbus, Germany.
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Franziska Regnath
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Graduate School, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Schäfer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Jörres
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Lehnen
- Institute of Medical Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Lipezker Strasse 47, 03048, Cottbus, Germany
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Glasauer
- Institute of Medical Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Lipezker Strasse 47, 03048, Cottbus, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
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8
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Zhao Z, Xu B, Loomis CL, Anthony SA, McKie I, Srigiriraju A, Bolton M, Stern SA. INGEsT: An Open-Source Behavioral Setup for Studying Self-motivated Ingestive Behavior and Learned Operant Behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.10.584229. [PMID: 38558985 PMCID: PMC10979871 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.10.584229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Ingestive behavior is driven by negative internal hunger and thirst states, as well as by positive expected rewards. Although the neural substrates underlying feeding and drinking behaviors have been widely investigated, they have primarily been studied in isolation, even though eating can also trigger thirst, and vice versa. Thus, it is still unclear how the brain encodes body states, recalls the memory of food and water reward outcomes, generates feeding/drinking motivation, and triggers ingestive behavior. Here, we developed an INstrument for Gauging Eating and Thirst (INGEsT), a custom-made behavioral chamber which allows for precise measurement of both feeding and drinking by combining a FED3 food dispenser, lickometers for dispensing liquid, a camera for behavioral tracking, LED light for optogenetics, and calcium imaging miniscope. In addition, in vivo calcium imaging, optogenetics, and video recordings are well synchronized with animal behaviors, e.g., nose pokes, pellet retrieval, and water licking, by using a Bpod microprocessor and timestamping behavioral and imaging data. The INGEsT behavioral chamber enables many types of experiments, including free feeding/drinking, operant behavior to obtain food or water, and food/water choice behavior. Here, we tracked activity of insular cortex and mPFC Htr3a neurons using miniscopes and demonstrate that these neurons encode many aspects of ingestive behavior during operant learning and food/water choice and that their activity can be tuned by internal state. Overall, we have built a platform, consisting of both hardware and software, to precisely monitor innate ingestive, and learned operant, behaviors and to investigate the neural correlates of self-motivated and learned feeding/drinking behaviors.
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9
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Wang RL, Chang RB. The Coding Logic of Interoception. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:301-327. [PMID: 38061018 PMCID: PMC11103614 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-023455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Interoception, the ability to precisely and timely sense internal body signals, is critical for life. The interoceptive system monitors a large variety of mechanical, chemical, hormonal, and pathological cues using specialized organ cells, organ innervating neurons, and brain sensory neurons. It is important for maintaining body homeostasis, providing motivational drives, and regulating autonomic, cognitive, and behavioral functions. However, compared to external sensory systems, our knowledge about how diverse body signals are coded at a system level is quite limited. In this review, we focus on the unique features of interoceptive signals and the organization of the interoceptive system, with the goal of better understanding the coding logic of interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi L Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Rui B Chang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
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10
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Juen Z, Villavicencio M, Zuker CS. A neural substrate for short-term taste memories. Neuron 2024; 112:277-287.e4. [PMID: 37944522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Real-time decisions on what foods to select for consumption, particularly in the wild, require a sensitive sense of taste and an effective system to maintain short-term taste memories, also defined as working memory in the scale of seconds. Here, we used a behavioral memory assay, combined with recordings of neural activity, to identify the brain substrate for short-term taste memories. We demonstrate that persistent activity in taste cortex functions as an essential memory trace of a recent taste experience. Next, we manipulated the decay of this persistent activity and showed that early termination of the memory trace abolished the memory. Notably, extending the memory trace by transiently disinhibiting taste cortical activity dramatically extended the retention of a short-term taste memory. Together, our results uncover taste cortex as a neural substrate for working memory and substantiate the role of sensory cortex in memory-guided actions while imposing meaning to a sensory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Juen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Miguel Villavicencio
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles S Zuker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Munguba H, Gutzeit VA, Srivastava I, Kristt M, Singh A, Vijay A, Arefin A, Thukral S, Broichhagen J, Stujenske JM, Liston C, Levitz J. Projection-Targeted Photopharmacology Reveals Distinct Anxiolytic Roles for Presynaptic mGluR2 in Prefrontal- and Insula-Amygdala Synapses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575699. [PMID: 38293136 PMCID: PMC10827048 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Dissecting how membrane receptors regulate neural circuit function is critical for deciphering basic principles of neuromodulation and mechanisms of therapeutic drug action. Classical pharmacological and genetic approaches are not well-equipped to untangle the roles of specific receptor populations, especially in long-range projections which coordinate communication between brain regions. Here we use viral tracing, electrophysiological, optogenetic, and photopharmacological approaches to determine how presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) activation in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) alters anxiety-related behavior. We find that mGluR2-expressing neurons from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and posterior insular cortex (pIC) preferentially target distinct cell types and subregions of the BLA to regulate different forms of avoidant behavior. Using projection-specific photopharmacological activation, we find that mGluR2-mediated presynaptic inhibition of vmPFC-BLA, but not pIC-BLA, connections can produce long-lasting decreases in spatial avoidance. In contrast, presynaptic inhibition of pIC-BLA connections decreased social avoidance, novelty-induced hypophagia, and increased exploratory behavior without impairing working memory, establishing this projection as a novel target for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Overall, this work reveals new aspects of BLA neuromodulation with therapeutic implications while establishing a powerful approach for optical mapping of drug action via photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermany Munguba
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vanessa A. Gutzeit
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ipsit Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Melanie Kristt
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ashna Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Akshara Vijay
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anisul Arefin
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sonal Thukral
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph M. Stujenske
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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12
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Boem F, Greslehner GP, Konsman JP, Chiu L. Minding the gut: extending embodied cognition and perception to the gut complex. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1172783. [PMID: 38260022 PMCID: PMC10800657 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1172783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Scientific and philosophical accounts of cognition and perception have traditionally focused on the brain and external sense organs. The extended view of embodied cognition suggests including other parts of the body in these processes. However, one organ has often been overlooked: the gut. Frequently conceptualized as merely a tube for digesting food, there is much more to the gut than meets the eye. Having its own enteric nervous system, sometimes referred to as the "second brain," the gut is also an immune organ and has a large surface area interacting with gut microbiota. The gut has been shown to play an important role in many physiological processes, and may arguably do so as well in perception and cognition. We argue that proposals of embodied perception and cognition should take into account the role of the "gut complex," which considers the enteric nervous, endocrine, immune, and microbiota systems as well as gut tissue and mucosal structures. The gut complex is an interface between bodily tissues and the "internalized external environment" of the gut lumen, involved in many aspects of organismic activity beyond food intake. We thus extend current embodiment theories and suggest a more inclusive account of how to "mind the gut" in studying cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Boem
- Section Philosophy, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Pieter Konsman
- IMMUNOlogy from CONcepts and ExPeriments to Translation, CNRS UMR, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lynn Chiu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Braine A, Georges F. Emotion in action: When emotions meet motor circuits. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105475. [PMID: 37996047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a remarkably complex organ responsible for a wide range of functions, including the modulation of emotional states and movement. Neuronal circuits are believed to play a crucial role in integrating sensory, cognitive, and emotional information to ultimately guide motor behavior. Over the years, numerous studies employing diverse techniques such as electrophysiology, imaging, and optogenetics have revealed a complex network of neural circuits involved in the regulation of emotional or motor processes. Emotions can exert a substantial influence on motor performance, encompassing both everyday activities and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to explore how emotional states can shape movements by connecting the neural circuits for emotional processing to motor neural circuits. We first provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of different emotional states on motor control in humans and rodents. In line with behavioral studies, we set out to identify emotion-related structures capable of modulating motor output, behaviorally and anatomically. Neuronal circuits involved in emotional processing are extensively connected to the motor system. These circuits can drive emotional behavior, essential for survival, but can also continuously shape ongoing movement. In summary, the investigation of the intricate relationship between emotion and movement offers valuable insights into human behavior, including opportunities to enhance performance, and holds promise for improving mental and physical health. This review integrates findings from multiple scientific approaches, including anatomical tracing, circuit-based dissection, and behavioral studies, conducted in both animal and human subjects. By incorporating these different methodologies, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the emotional modulation of movement in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaelle Braine
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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14
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Stuber GD. Neurocircuits for motivation. Science 2023; 382:394-398. [PMID: 37883553 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system coordinates various motivated behaviors such as feeding, drinking, and escape to promote survival and evolutionary fitness. Although the precise behavioral repertoires required for distinct motivated behaviors are diverse, common features such as approach or avoidance suggest that common brain substrates are required for a wide range of motivated behaviors. In this Review, I describe a framework by which neural circuits specified for some innate drives regulate the activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons to reinforce ongoing or planned actions to fulfill motivational demands. This framework may explain why signaling from VTA dopamine neurons is ubiquitously involved in many types of diverse volitional motivated actions, as well as how sensory and interoceptive cues can initiate specific goal-directed actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret D Stuber
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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15
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McGregor MS, LaLumiere RT. Still a "hidden island"? The rodent insular cortex in drug seeking, reward, and risk. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105334. [PMID: 37524140 PMCID: PMC10592220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) is implicated in risky decision making and drug-seeking behaviors, in a manner dissociable from natural reward seeking. However, evidence from rodent studies of motivated behaviors suggests that the role of the IC is not always consistent across procedures. Moreover, there is evidence of dissociation of function between posterior (pIC) and anterior (aIC) subregions in these behaviors. Under which circumstances, and by which mechanisms, these IC subregions are recruited to regulate motivated behaviors remains unclear. Here, we discuss evidence of rodent pIC and aIC function across drug-related behaviors, natural reward seeking, and decision making under risk and highlight procedural differences that may account for seemingly conflicting findings. Although gaps in the literature persist, we hypothesize that IC activity is broadly important for selection of appropriate behaviors based on learned action-outcome contingencies and that associated risk is sufficient, but not necessary, to recruit the aIC in reward seeking without involving the pIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S McGregor
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Ryan T LaLumiere
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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16
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Reiten I, Olsen GM, Bjaalie JG, Witter MP, Leergaard TB. The efferent connections of the orbitofrontal, posterior parietal, and insular cortex of the rat brain. Sci Data 2023; 10:645. [PMID: 37735463 PMCID: PMC10514078 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal, posterior parietal, and insular cortices are sites of higher-order cognitive processing implicated in a wide range of behaviours, including working memory, attention guiding, decision making, and spatial navigation. To better understand how these regions contribute to such functions, we need detailed knowledge about the underlying structural connectivity. Several tract-tracing studies have investigated specific aspects of orbitofrontal, posterior parietal and insular connectivity, but a digital resource for studying the cortical and subcortical projections from these areas in detail is not available. We here present a comprehensive collection of brightfield and fluorescence microscopic images of serial coronal sections from 49 rat brain tract-tracing experiments, in which discrete injections of the anterograde tracers biotinylated dextran amine and/or Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin were placed in the orbitofrontal, parietal, or insular cortex. The images are spatially registered to the Waxholm Space Rat brain atlas. The image collection, with corresponding reference atlas maps, is suitable as a reference framework for investigating the brain-wide efferent connectivity of these cortical association areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Reiten
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe M Olsen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve B Leergaard
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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17
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Picard F. Ecstatic or Mystical Experience through Epilepsy. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:1372-1381. [PMID: 37432752 PMCID: PMC10513764 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecstatic epilepsy is a rare form of focal epilepsy, so named because the seizures' first symptoms consist of an ecstatic/mystical experience, including feelings of increased self-awareness, mental clarity, and "unity with everything that exists," accompanied by a sense of bliss and physical well-being. In this perspective article, we first describe the phenomenology of ecstatic seizures, address their historical context, and describe the primary brain structure involved in the genesis of these peculiar epileptic seizures, the anterior insula. In the second part of the article, we move onto the possible neurocognitive underpinnings of ecstatic seizures. We first remind the reader of the insula's role in interoceptive processing and consciously experienced feelings, contextualized by the theory of predictive coding. This leads us to hypothesize that temporary disruptions to activity in the anterior insula could interrupt the generation of interoceptive prediction errors, and cause one to experience the absence of uncertainty, and thereby, a sense of bliss. The absence of interoceptive prediction errors would in fact mimic perfect prediction of the body's physiological state. This sudden clarity of bodily perception could explain the ecstatic quality of the experience, as the interoceptive system forms the basis for unified conscious experience. Our alternative hypothesis is that the anterior insula plays an overarching role in the processing of surprise and that the dysfunction caused by the epileptic discharge could interrupt any surprise exceeding expectations, resulting in a sense of complete control and oneness with the environment.
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18
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Nicolas C, Ju A, Wu Y, Eldirdiri H, Delcasso S, Couderc Y, Fornari C, Mitra A, Supiot L, Vérité A, Masson M, Rodriguez-Rozada S, Jacky D, Wiegert JS, Beyeler A. Linking emotional valence and anxiety in a mouse insula-amygdala circuit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5073. [PMID: 37604802 PMCID: PMC10442438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses of the insular cortex (IC) and amygdala to stimuli of positive and negative valence are altered in patients with anxiety disorders. However, neural coding of both anxiety and valence by IC neurons remains unknown. Using fiber photometry recordings in mice, we uncover a selective increase of activity in IC projection neurons of the anterior (aIC), but not posterior (pIC) section, when animals are exploring anxiogenic spaces, and this activity is proportional to the level of anxiety of mice. Neurons in aIC also respond to stimuli of positive and negative valence, and the strength of response to strong negative stimuli is proportional to mice levels of anxiety. Using ex vivo electrophysiology, we characterized the IC connection to the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and employed projection-specific optogenetics to reveal anxiogenic properties of aIC-BLA neurons. Finally, we identified that aIC-BLA neurons are activated in anxiogenic spaces, as well as in response to aversive stimuli, and that both activities are positively correlated. Altogether, we identified a common neurobiological substrate linking negative valence with anxiety-related information and behaviors, which provides a starting point to understand how alterations of these neural populations contribute to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nicolas
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Ju
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Y Wu
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - H Eldirdiri
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Delcasso
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Y Couderc
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Fornari
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Mitra
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Supiot
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Vérité
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Masson
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Rodriguez-Rozada
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Jacky
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J S Wiegert
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Beyeler
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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19
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Sato M, Nakai N, Fujima S, Choe KY, Takumi T. Social circuits and their dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3194-3206. [PMID: 37612363 PMCID: PMC10618103 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Social behaviors, how individuals act cooperatively and competitively with conspecifics, are widely seen across species. Rodents display various social behaviors, and many different behavioral paradigms have been used for investigating their neural circuit bases. Social behavior is highly vulnerable to brain network dysfunction caused by neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Studying mouse models of ASD provides a promising avenue toward elucidating mechanisms of abnormal social behavior and potential therapeutic targets for treatment. In this review, we outline recent progress and key findings on neural circuit mechanisms underlying social behavior, with particular emphasis on rodent studies that monitor and manipulate the activity of specific circuits using modern systems neuroscience approaches. Social behavior is mediated by a distributed brain-wide network among major cortical (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, and insular cortex (IC)) and subcortical (e.g., nucleus accumbens, basolateral amygdala (BLA), and ventral tegmental area) structures, influenced by multiple neuromodulatory systems (e.g., oxytocin, dopamine, and serotonin). We particularly draw special attention to IC as a unique cortical area that mediates multisensory integration, encoding of ongoing social interaction, social decision-making, emotion, and empathy. Additionally, a synthesis of studies investigating ASD mouse models demonstrates that dysfunctions in mPFC-BLA circuitry and neuromodulation are prominent. Pharmacological rescues by local or systemic (e.g., oral) administration of various drugs have provided valuable clues for developing new therapeutic agents for ASD. Future efforts and technological advances will push forward the next frontiers in this field, such as the elucidation of brain-wide network activity and inter-brain neural dynamics during real and virtual social interactions, and the establishment of circuit-based therapy for disorders affecting social functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Sato
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakai
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fujima
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Katrina Y Choe
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Toru Takumi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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20
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Barretto-de-Souza L, Joseph SA, Lynch FM, Ng AJ, Crestani CC, Christianson JP. Melanin-concentrating hormone and orexin shape social affective behavior via action in the insular cortex of rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023:10.1007/s00213-023-06408-5. [PMID: 37369782 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In a social context, individuals are able to detect external information from others and coordinate behavioral responses according to the situation, a phenomenon called social decision-making. Social decision-making is multifaceted, influenced by emotional and motivational factors like stress, sickness, and hunger. However, the neurobiological basis for motivational state competition and interaction is not well known. OBJECTIVE We investigated possible neural mechanisms through which internal states could shape social behavior in a social affective preference (SAP) test. In the SAP test, experimental rats given a choice to interact with naïve or stressed conspecifics exhibit an age-dependent preference to interact with stressed juvenile conspecifics, but avoid stressed adult conspecifics. First, we assessed the effect of food and water deprivation on SAP behavior. Behavior in the SAP test requires the insular cortex, which receives input from the ingestion-related peptides melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (LH). This study aimed to evaluate the role of LH and insular MCH and orexin in SAP test. METHODS SAP tests were conducted in rats that were sated, food and water deprived or allowed 1 h of access to food and water after 14 h of deprivation (relieved condition). Separate cohorts of sated rats received cannula implants for microinjection of drugs to inhibit the LH or to block or stimulate MCH or orexin receptors in the insula prior to SAP tests or social interaction tests. RESULTS Food and water deprivation prior to SAP tests with juvenile rats caused a shift in preference away from the stressed rat toward the naïve juveniles. Pharmacological inhibition of LH with muscimol (100 ng/side) abolished the preference for the juvenile-stressed conspecific, as well as the preference for the adult naïve conspecific. The blockade of MCH receptor 1or orexin receptors in the insular cortex with SNAP94847 (50 μM) or TCS1102 (1 μM), respectively, also abolished the preference for the stressed juvenile conspecific, but only the antagonism of orexin receptors was able to abolish the preference for the adult naïve conspecific. Microinjection of increasing doses (50 or 500 nM) of MCH or orexin-A in the insular cortex increased the interaction time in the one-on-one social interaction test with juvenile conspecifics; however, only the microinjection of orexin-A increased the interaction time with adult naïve conspecifics. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that lateral hypothalamus peptides shape the direction of social approach or avoidance via actions MCH and orexin neurotransmission in the insular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Barretto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Shemar A Joseph
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Francesca M Lynch
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Alexandra J Ng
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - John P Christianson
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
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21
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Haghir H, Kuckertz A, Zhao L, Hami J, Palomero-Gallagher N. A new map of the rat isocortex and proisocortex: cytoarchitecture and M 2 receptor distribution patterns. Brain Struct Funct 2023:10.1007/s00429-023-02654-7. [PMID: 37318645 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and their receptors are key molecules in information transfer between neurons, thus enabling inter-areal communication. Therefore, multimodal atlases integrating the brain's cyto- and receptor architecture constitute crucial tools to understand the relationship between its structural and functional segregation. Cholinergic muscarinic M2 receptors have been shown to be an evolutionarily conserved molecular marker of primary sensory areas in the mammalian brain. To complement existing rodent atlases, we applied a silver cell body staining and quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiographic visualization of M2 receptors to alternating sections throughout the entire brain of five adult male Wistar rats (three sectioned coronally, one horizontally, one sagittally). Histological sections and autoradiographs were scanned at a spatial resolution of 1 µm and 20 µm per pixel, respectively, and files were stored as 8 bit images. We used these high-resolution datasets to create an atlas of the entire rat brain, including the olfactory bulb, cerebellum and brainstem. We describe the cyto- and M2 receptor architectonic features of 48 distinct iso- and proisocortical areas across the rat forebrain and provide their mean M2 receptor density. The ensuing parcellation scheme, which is discussed in the framework of existing comprehensive atlasses, includes the novel subdivision of mediomedial secondary visual area Oc2MM into anterior (Oc2MMa) and posterior (Oc2MMp) parts, and of lateral visual area Oc2L into rostrolateral (Oc2Lr), intermediate dorsolateral (Oc2Lid), intermediate ventrolateral (Oc2Liv) and caudolateral (Oc2Lc) secondary visual areas. The M2 receptor densities and the comprehensive map of iso-and proisocortical areas constitute useful tools for future computational and neuroscientific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Haghir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anika Kuckertz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Javad Hami
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, 14471, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- C. & O. Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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22
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Ho A, Orton R, Tayler R, Asamaphan P, Herder V, Davis C, Tong L, Smollett K, Manali M, Allan J, Rawlik K, McDonald SE, Vink E, Pollock L, Gannon L, Evans C, McMenamin J, Roy K, Marsh K, Divala T, Holden MTG, Lockhart M, Yirrell D, Currie S, O'Leary M, Henderson D, Shepherd SJ, Jackson C, Gunson R, MacLean A, McInnes N, Bradley-Stewart A, Battle R, Hollenbach JA, Henderson P, Odam M, Chikowore P, Oosthuyzen W, Chand M, Hamilton MS, Estrada-Rivadeneyra D, Levin M, Avramidis N, Pairo-Castineira E, Vitart V, Wilkie C, Palmarini M, Ray S, Robertson DL, da Silva Filipe A, Willett BJ, Breuer J, Semple MG, Turner D, Baillie JK, Thomson EC. Adeno-associated virus 2 infection in children with non-A-E hepatitis. Nature 2023; 617:555-563. [PMID: 36996873 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children was reported in Scotland1 in April 2022 and has now been identified in 35 countries2. Several recent studies have suggested an association with human adenovirus with this outbreak, a virus not commonly associated with hepatitis. Here we report a detailed case-control investigation and find an association between adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility. Using next-generation sequencing, PCR with reverse transcription, serology and in situ hybridization, we detected recent infection with AAV2 in plasma and liver samples in 26 out of 32 (81%) cases of hepatitis compared with 5 out of 74 (7%) of samples from unaffected individuals. Furthermore, AAV2 was detected within ballooned hepatocytes alongside a prominent T cell infiltrate in liver biopsy samples. In keeping with a CD4+ T-cell-mediated immune pathology, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II HLA-DRB1*04:01 allele was identified in 25 out of 27 cases (93%) compared with a background frequency of 10 out of 64 (16%; P = 5.49 × 10-12). In summary, we report an outbreak of acute paediatric hepatitis associated with AAV2 infection (most likely acquired as a co-infection with human adenovirus that is usually required as a 'helper virus' to support AAV2 replication) and disease susceptibility related to HLA class II status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Ho
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Orton
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Patawee Asamaphan
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris Davis
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lily Tong
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katherine Smollett
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Manali
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jay Allan
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E McDonald
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elen Vink
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Louisa Pollock
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Clair Evans
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Celia Jackson
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rory Gunson
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Neil McInnes
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Richard Battle
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (H&I) Laboratory, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jill A Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Henderson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miranda Odam
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Primrose Chikowore
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wilna Oosthuyzen
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Melissa Shea Hamilton
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Estrada-Rivadeneyra
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Levin
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Avramidis
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig Wilkie
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Palmarini
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Surajit Ray
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David L Robertson
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ana da Silva Filipe
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Willett
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - David Turner
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (H&I) Laboratory, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma C Thomson
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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23
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Yawata Y, Shikano Y, Ogasawara J, Makino K, Kashima T, Ihara K, Yoshimoto A, Morikawa S, Yagishita S, Tanaka KF, Ikegaya Y. Mesolimbic dopamine release precedes actively sought aversive stimuli in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2433. [PMID: 37106002 PMCID: PMC10140067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In some models, animals approach aversive stimuli more than those housed in an enriched environment. Here, we found that male mice in an impoverished and unstimulating (i.e., boring) chamber without toys sought aversive air puffs more often than those in an enriched chamber. Using this animal model, we identified the insular cortex as a regulator of aversion-seeking behavior. Activation and inhibition of the insular cortex increased and decreased the frequencies of air-puff self-stimulation, respectively, and the firing patterns of insular neuron ensembles predicted the self-stimulation timing. Dopamine levels in the ventrolateral striatum decreased with passive air puffs but increased with actively sought puffs. Around 20% of mice developed intense self-stimulation despite being offered toys, which was prevented by administering opioid receptor antagonists. This study establishes a basis for comprehending the neural underpinnings of usually avoided stimulus-seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yawata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yu Shikano
- Division of Brain Science, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenichi Makino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Kashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiko Ihara
- Division of Brain Science, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Airi Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shota Morikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sho Yagishita
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Division of Brain Science, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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24
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Christianson JP. An Insula-Enriched Regulator of Retinoic Acid Marks a New Intersection in the Neural Circuitry of Mouse Social Behavior. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:262-264. [PMID: 37002691 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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25
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Edwin Thanarajah S, DiFeliceantonio AG, Albus K, Kuzmanovic B, Rigoux L, Iglesias S, Hanßen R, Schlamann M, Cornely OA, Brüning JC, Tittgemeyer M, Small DM. Habitual daily intake of a sweet and fatty snack modulates reward processing in humans. Cell Metab 2023; 35:571-584.e6. [PMID: 36958330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Western diets rich in fat and sugar promote excess calorie intake and weight gain; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Despite a well-documented association between obesity and altered brain dopamine function, it remains elusive whether these alterations are (1) pre-existing, increasing the individual susceptibility to weight gain, (2) secondary to obesity, or (3) directly attributable to repeated exposure to western diet. To close this gap, we performed a randomized, controlled study (NCT05574660) with normal-weight participants exposed to a high-fat/high-sugar snack or a low-fat/low-sugar snack for 8 weeks in addition to their regular diet. The high-fat/high-sugar intervention decreased the preference for low-fat food while increasing brain response to food and associative learning independent of food cues or reward. These alterations were independent of changes in body weight and metabolic parameters, indicating a direct effect of high-fat, high-sugar foods on neurobehavioral adaptations that may increase the risk for overeating and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra G DiFeliceantonio
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion & Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Kerstin Albus
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) & Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Lionel Rigoux
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Iglesias
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Hanßen
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) & Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Dana M Small
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA.
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26
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Cabeen RP, Toga AW, Allman JM. Mapping frontoinsular cortex from diffusion microstructure. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2715-2733. [PMID: 35753692 PMCID: PMC10016069 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel method for mapping the location, surface area, thickness, and volume of frontoinsular cortex (FI) using structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. FI lies in the ventral part of anterior insular cortex and is characterized by its distinctive population von Economo neurons (VENs). Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed its involvement in affective processing, and histopathology has implicated VEN loss in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and chronic alcoholism; however, structural neuroimaging of FI has been relatively limited. We delineated FI by jointly modeling cortical surface geometry and its coincident diffusion microstructure parameters. We found that neurite orientation dispersion in cortical gray matter can be used to map FI in specific individuals, and the derived measures reflect a range of behavioral factors in young adults from the Human Connectome Project (N=1052). FI volume was larger in the left hemisphere than the right (31%), and the percentage volume of FI was larger in women than men (15.3%). FI volume was associated with measures of decision-making (delay discounting, substance abuse), emotion (negative intrusive thinking and perception of hostility), and social behavior (theory of mind and working memory for faces). The common denominator is that larger FI size is related to greater self-control and social awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Cabeen
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - John M Allman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
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27
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Krohn F, Novello M, van der Giessen RS, De Zeeuw CI, Pel JJM, Bosman LWJ. The integrated brain network that controls respiration. eLife 2023; 12:83654. [PMID: 36884287 PMCID: PMC9995121 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration ensures that the frequency and depth of breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In addition, the respiratory control network of the brain has to organize muscular synergies that integrate ventilation with posture and body movement. Finally, respiration is coupled to cardiovascular function and emotion. Here, we argue that the brain can handle this all by integrating a brainstem central pattern generator circuit in a larger network that also comprises the cerebellum. Although currently not generally recognized as a respiratory control center, the cerebellum is well known for its coordinating and modulating role in motor behavior, as well as for its role in the autonomic nervous system. In this review, we discuss the role of brain regions involved in the control of respiration, and their anatomical and functional interactions. We discuss how sensory feedback can result in adaptation of respiration, and how these mechanisms can be compromised by various neurological and psychological disorders. Finally, we demonstrate how the respiratory pattern generators are part of a larger and integrated network of respiratory brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Krohn
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manuele Novello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan J M Pel
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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28
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Hsueh B, Chen R, Jo Y, Tang D, Raffiee M, Kim YS, Inoue M, Randles S, Ramakrishnan C, Patel S, Kim DK, Liu TX, Kim SH, Tan L, Mortazavi L, Cordero A, Shi J, Zhao M, Ho TT, Crow A, Yoo ACW, Raja C, Evans K, Bernstein D, Zeineh M, Goubran M, Deisseroth K. Cardiogenic control of affective behavioural state. Nature 2023; 615:292-299. [PMID: 36859543 PMCID: PMC9995271 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Emotional states influence bodily physiology, as exemplified in the top-down process by which anxiety causes faster beating of the heart1-3. However, whether an increased heart rate might itself induce anxiety or fear responses is unclear3-8. Physiological theories of emotion, proposed over a century ago, have considered that in general, there could be an important and even dominant flow of information from the body to the brain9. Here, to formally test this idea, we developed a noninvasive optogenetic pacemaker for precise, cell-type-specific control of cardiac rhythms of up to 900 beats per minute in freely moving mice, enabled by a wearable micro-LED harness and the systemic viral delivery of a potent pump-like channelrhodopsin. We found that optically evoked tachycardia potently enhanced anxiety-like behaviour, but crucially only in risky contexts, indicating that both central (brain) and peripheral (body) processes may be involved in the development of emotional states. To identify potential mechanisms, we used whole-brain activity screening and electrophysiology to find brain regions that were activated by imposed cardiac rhythms. We identified the posterior insular cortex as a potential mediator of bottom-up cardiac interoceptive processing, and found that optogenetic inhibition of this brain region attenuated the anxiety-like behaviour that was induced by optical cardiac pacing. Together, these findings reveal that cells of both the body and the brain must be considered together to understand the origins of emotional or affective states. More broadly, our results define a generalizable approach for noninvasive, temporally precise functional investigations of joint organism-wide interactions among targeted cells during behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ritchie Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - YoungJu Jo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Misha Raffiee
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Masatoshi Inoue
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sawyer Randles
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Sneha Patel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Doo Kyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony X Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Longzhi Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leili Mortazavi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arjay Cordero
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theodore T Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ailey Crow
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ai-Chi Wang Yoo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cephra Raja
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maged Goubran
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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29
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Prilutski Y, Livneh Y. Physiological Needs: Sensations and Predictions in the Insular Cortex. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 36040864 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological needs create powerful motivations (e.g., thirst and hunger). Studies in humans and animal models have implicated the insular cortex in the neural regulation of physiological needs and need-driven behavior. We review prominent mechanistic models of how the insular cortex might achieve this regulation and present a conceptual and analytical framework for testing these models in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Prilutski
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Livneh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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30
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Couderc Y, Beyeler A. How an anxious heart talks to the brain. Nature 2023; 615:217-218. [PMID: 36859663 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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31
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Perszyk EE, Davis XS, Djordjevic J, Jones-Gotman M, Trinh J, Hutelin Z, Veldhuizen MG, Koban L, Wager TD, Kober H, Small DM. Odor imagery but not perception drives risk for food cue reactivity and increased adiposity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.06.527292. [PMID: 36798231 PMCID: PMC9934556 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.06.527292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Mental imagery has been proposed to play a critical role in the amplification of cravings. Here we tested whether olfactory imagery drives food cue reactivity strength to promote adiposity in 45 healthy individuals. We measured odor perception, odor imagery ability, and food cue reactivity using self-report, perceptual testing, and neuroimaging. Adiposity was assessed at baseline and one year later. Brain responses to real and imagined odors were analyzed with univariate and multivariate decoding methods to identify pattern-based olfactory codes. We found that the accuracy of decoding imagined, but not real, odor quality correlated with a perceptual measure of odor imagery ability and with greater adiposity changes. This latter relationship was mediated by cue-potentiated craving and intake. Collectively, these findings establish odor imagery ability as a risk factor for weight gain and more specifically as a mechanism by which exposure to food cues promotes craving and overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Perszyk
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Xue S. Davis
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Marilyn Jones-Gotman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jessica Trinh
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Zach Hutelin
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Maria G. Veldhuizen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Campus, Mersin 33343, Turkey
| | - Leonie Koban
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), CNRS, INSERM, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Tor D. Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Dana M. Small
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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32
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Intrinsic Excitability in Layer IV-VI Anterior Insula to Basolateral Amygdala Projection Neurons Correlates with the Confidence of Taste Valence Encoding. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0302-22.2022. [PMID: 36635250 PMCID: PMC9850927 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0302-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Avoiding potentially harmful, and consuming safe food is crucial for the survival of living organisms. However, the perceived valence of sensory information can change following conflicting experiences. Pleasurability and aversiveness are two crucial parameters defining the perceived valence of a taste and can be impacted by novelty. Importantly, the ability of a given taste to serve as the conditioned stimulus (CS) in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is dependent on its valence. Activity in anterior insula (aIC) Layer IV-VI pyramidal neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is correlated with and necessary for CTA learning and retrieval, as well as the expression of neophobia toward novel tastants, but not learning taste familiarity. Yet, the cellular mechanisms underlying the updating of taste valence representation in this specific pathway are poorly understood. Here, using retrograde viral tracing and whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in trained mice, we demonstrate that the intrinsic properties of deep-lying Layer IV-VI, but not superficial Layer I-III aIC-BLA neurons, are differentially modulated by both novelty and valence, reflecting the subjective predictability of taste valence arising from prior experience. These correlative changes in the profile of intrinsic properties of LIV-VI aIC-BLA neurons were detectable following both simple taste experiences, as well as following memory retrieval, extinction learning, and reinstatement.
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33
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Bokiniec P, Whitmire CJ, Leva TM, Poulet JFA. Brain-wide connectivity map of mouse thermosensory cortices. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4870-4885. [PMID: 36255325 PMCID: PMC10110442 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the thermal system, skin cooling is represented in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the posterior insular cortex (pIC). Whether S1 and pIC are nodes in anatomically separate or overlapping thermal sensorimotor pathways is unclear, as the brain-wide connectivity of the thermal system has not been mapped. We address this using functionally targeted, dual injections of anterograde viruses or retrograde tracers into the forelimb representation of S1 (fS1) and pIC (fpIC). Our data show that inputs to fS1 and fpIC originate from separate neuronal populations, supporting the existence of parallel input pathways. Outputs from fS1 and fpIC are more widespread than their inputs, sharing a number of cortical and subcortical targets. While, axonal projections were separable, they were more overlapping than the clusters of input cells. In both fS1 and fpIC circuits, there was a high degree of reciprocal connectivity with thalamic and cortical regions, but unidirectional output to the midbrain and hindbrain. Notably, fpIC showed connectivity with regions associated with thermal processing. Together, these data indicate that cutaneous thermal information is routed to the cortex via parallel circuits and is forwarded to overlapping downstream regions for the binding of somatosensory percepts and integration with ongoing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Bokiniec
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa J Whitmire
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias M Leva
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - James F A Poulet
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Wu H, Dai G, Aizezi M, Tang J, Zou K, Wu Y, Wu X. Gray matter reduction in bilateral insula mediating adverse psychiatric effects of body mass index in schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:639. [PMID: 36221050 PMCID: PMC9552355 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both schizophrenia (SZ) and overweight/obesity (OWB) have shown some structural alterations in similar brain regions. As higher body mass index (BMI) often contributes to worse psychiatric outcomes in SZ, this study was designed to examine the effects of OWB on gray matter volume (GMV) in patients with SZ. METHODS Two hundred fifty subjects were included and stratified into four groups (n = 69, SZ patients with OWB, SZ-OWB; n = 74, SZ patients with normal weight, SZ-NW; n = 54, healthy controls with OWB, HC-OWB; and n = 53, HC with NW, HC-NW). All participants were scanned using high-resolution T1-weighted sequence. The whole-brain voxel-based morphometry was applied to examine the GMV alterations, and a 2 × 2 full factorial analysis of variance was performed to identify the main effects of diagnosis (SZ vs HC), BMI (NW vs OWB) factors, and their interactions. Further, the post hoc analysis was conducted to compare the pairwise differences in GMV alterations. RESULTS The main effects of diagnosis were located in right hippocampus, bilateral insula, rectus, median cingulate/paracingulate gyri and thalamus (SZ < HC); while the main effects of BMI were displayed in right amygdala, left hippocampus, bilateral insula, left lingual gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus (OWB < NW). There were no significant diagnosis-by-BMI interaction effects in the present study, but the results showed that both SZ and OWB were additively associated with lower GMV in bilateral insula. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed the indirect effect of BMI on negative symptom via GMV reduction in bilateral insula. CONCLUSION This study further supports that higher BMI is associated with lower GMV, which may increase the risk of unfavourable disease courses in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China
| | - Guochao Dai
- The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China ,Radiology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Muyeseer Aizezi
- The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China ,Psychiatry Department, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, 120 Yingbin Avenue, Kashi, Xinjiang China
| | - Juan Tang
- The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China ,Psychiatry Department, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, 120 Yingbin Avenue, Kashi, Xinjiang China
| | - Ke Zou
- The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China ,Radiology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China. .,Psychiatry Department, The First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, 120 Yingbin Avenue, Kashi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China.
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35
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Kumral D, Al E, Cesnaite E, Kornej J, Sander C, Hensch T, Zeynalova S, Tautenhahn S, Hagendorf A, Laufs U, Wachter R, Nikulin V, Villringer A. Attenuation of the Heartbeat-Evoked Potential in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1219-1230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Wilson SJ. Constructing Craving: Applying the Theory of Constructed Emotion to Urge States. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 31:347-354. [DOI: 10.1177/09637214221098055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Craving (a strong desire to ingest a substance or engage in an activity) is an important topic of study in the field of psychology. Along with being a key symptom of addiction, craving is a potent source of motivation for a wide range of appetitive behaviors. In this article, I offer a perspective regarding the nature of craving that is rooted in the theory of constructed emotion, a contemporary model of how emotions are created by the brain. According to this perspective, a state of craving emerges when the brain makes predictions that categorize sensory inputs as an instance of craving on the basis of prior experience and the context in which the inputs occur. Using the theory of constructed emotion as a guiding framework, I review various lines of evidence that provide support for this idea. In addition, I offer recommendations for future research that stem from the hypothesis that instances of craving are constructed by the brain in an experience-dependent and situation-specific manner.
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37
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Razenkova VA, Korzhevskii DE. Catecholaminergic Rat’s Forebrain Structures in Early Postnatal Development and Aging. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Fermin ASR, Friston K, Yamawaki S. An insula hierarchical network architecture for active interoceptive inference. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220226. [PMID: 35774133 PMCID: PMC9240682 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, the insular cortex receives a vast amount of interoceptive information, ascending through deep brain structures, from multiple visceral organs. The unique hierarchical and modular architecture of the insula suggests specialization for processing interoceptive afferents. Yet, the biological significance of the insula's neuroanatomical architecture, in relation to deep brain structures, remains obscure. In this opinion piece, we propose the Insula Hierarchical Modular Adaptive Interoception Control (IMAC) model to suggest that insula modules (granular, dysgranular and agranular), forming parallel networks with the prefrontal cortex and striatum, are specialized to form higher order interoceptive representations. These interoceptive representations are recruited in a context-dependent manner to support habitual, model-based and exploratory control of visceral organs and physiological processes. We discuss how insula interoceptive representations may give rise to conscious feelings that best explain lower order deep brain interoceptive representations, and how the insula may serve to defend the body and mind against pathological depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. R. Fermin
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Karl Friston
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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39
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Ramos-Prats A, Paradiso E, Castaldi F, Sadeghi M, Mir MY, Hörtnagl H, Göbel G, Ferraguti F. VIP-expressing interneurons in the anterior insular cortex contribute to sensory processing to regulate adaptive behavior. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110893. [PMID: 35649348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive behavior critically depends on the detection of behaviorally relevant stimuli. The anterior insular cortex (aIC) has long been proposed as a key player in the representation and integration of sensory stimuli, and implicated in a wide variety of cognitive and emotional functions. However, to date, little is known about the contribution of aIC interneurons to sensory processing. By using a combination of whole-brain connectivity tracing, imaging of neural calcium dynamics, and optogenetic modulation in freely moving mice across different experimental paradigms, such as fear conditioning and social preference, we describe here a role for aIC vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing (VIP+) interneurons in mediating adaptive behaviors. Our findings enlighten the contribution of aIC VIP+ interneurons to sensory processing, showing that they are anatomically connected to a wide range of sensory-related brain areas and critically respond to behaviorally relevant stimuli independent of task and modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Ramos-Prats
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Enrica Paradiso
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Federico Castaldi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maryam Sadeghi
- Department for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohd Yaqub Mir
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Heide Hörtnagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Göbel
- Department for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesco Ferraguti
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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40
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Ghareh H, Alonso-Lozares I, Schetters D, Herman RJ, Heistek TS, Van Mourik Y, Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P, Zernig G, Mansvelder HD, De Vries TJ, Marchant NJ. Role of anterior insula cortex in context-induced relapse of nicotine-seeking. eLife 2022; 11:75609. [PMID: 35536612 PMCID: PMC9119676 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, and relapse during abstinence remains the critical barrier to successful treatment of tobacco addiction. During abstinence, environmental contexts associated with nicotine use can induce craving and contribute to relapse. The insular cortex (IC) is thought to be a critical substrate of nicotine addiction and relapse. However, its specific role in context-induced relapse of nicotine-seeking is not fully known. In this study, we report a novel rodent model of context-induced relapse to nicotine-seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence, which models self-imposed abstinence through increasing negative consequences of excessive drug use. Using the neuronal activity marker Fos we find that the anterior (aIC), but not the middle or posterior IC, shows increased activity during context-induced relapse. Combining Fos with retrograde labeling of aIC inputs, we show projections to aIC from contralateral aIC and basolateral amygdala exhibit increased activity during context-induced relapse. Next, we used fiber photometry in aIC and observed phasic increases in aIC activity around nicotine-seeking responses during self-administration, punishment, and the context-induced relapse tests. Next, we used chemogenetic inhibition in both male and female rats to determine whether activity in aIC is necessary for context-induced relapse. We found that chemogenetic inhibition of aIC decreased context-induced nicotine-seeking after either punishment- or extinction-imposed abstinence. These findings highlight the critical role nicotine-associated contexts play in promoting relapse, and they show that aIC activity is critical for this context-induced relapse following both punishment and extinction-imposed abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ghareh
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isis Alonso-Lozares
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dustin Schetters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rae J Herman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvar Van Mourik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gerald Zernig
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathan J Marchant
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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41
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Ma Q. A functional subdivision within the somatosensory system and its implications for pain research. Neuron 2022; 110:749-769. [PMID: 35016037 PMCID: PMC8897275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Somatosensory afferents are traditionally classified by soma size, myelination, and their response specificity to external and internal stimuli. Here, we propose the functional subdivision of the nociceptive somatosensory system into two branches. The exteroceptive branch detects external threats and drives reflexive-defensive reactions to prevent or limit injury. The interoceptive branch senses the disruption of body integrity, produces tonic pain with strong aversive emotional components, and drives self-caring responses toward to the injured region to reduce suffering. The central thesis behind this functional subdivision comes from a reflection on the dilemma faced by the pain research field, namely, the use of reflexive-defensive behaviors as surrogate assays for interoceptive tonic pain. The interpretation of these assays is now being challenged by the discovery of distinct but interwoven circuits that drive exteroceptive versus interoceptive types of behaviors, with the conflation of these two components contributing partially to the poor translation of therapies from preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufu Ma
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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