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Sanchez JE, Noor S, Sun MS, Zimmerly J, Pasmay A, Sanchez JJ, Vanderwall AG, Haynes MK, Sklar LA, Escalona PR, Milligan ED. The FDA-approved compound, pramipexole and the clinical-stage investigational drug, dexpramipexole, reverse chronic allodynia from sciatic nerve damage in mice, and alter IL-1β and IL-10 expression from immune cell culture. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137419. [PMID: 37558176 PMCID: PMC10552878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
During the onset of neuropathic pain from a variety of etiologies, nociceptors become hypersensitized, releasing neurotransmitters and other factors from centrally-projecting nerve terminals within the dorsal spinal cord. Consequently, glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) in the spinal cord are activated and mediate the release of proinflammatory cytokines that act to enhance pain transmission and sensitize mechanical non-nociceptive fibers which ultimately results in light touch hypersensitivity, clinically observed as allodynia. Pramipexole, a D2/D3 preferring agonist, is FDA-approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and demonstrates efficacy in animal models of inflammatory pain. The clinical-stage investigational drug, R(+) enantiomer of pramipexole, dexpramipexole, is virtually devoid of D2/D3 agonist actions and is efficacious in animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The current experiments focus on the application of a mouse model of sciatic nerve neuropathy, chronic constriction injury (CCI), that leads to allodynia and is previously characterized to generate spinal glial activation with consequent release IL-1β. We hypothesized that both pramipexole and dexpramipexole reverse CCI-induced chronic neuropathy in mice, and in human monocyte cell culture studies (THP-1 cells), pramipexole prevents IL-1β production. Additionally, we hypothesized that in rat primary splenocyte culture, dexpramixole increases mRNA for the anti-inflammatory and pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). Results show that following intravenous pramipexole or dexpramipexole, a profound decrease in allodynia was observed by 1 hr, with allodynia returning 24 hr post-injection. Pramipexole significantly blunted IL-1β protein production from stimulated human monocytes and dexpramipexole induced elevated IL-10 mRNA expression from rat splenocytes. The data support that clinically-approved compounds like pramipexole and dexpramipexole support their application as anti-inflammatory agents to mitigate chronic neuropathy, and provide a blueprint for future, multifaceted approaches for opioid-independent neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Sanchez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - S Noor
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - M S Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - J Zimmerly
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - A Pasmay
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - J J Sanchez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - A G Vanderwall
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - M K Haynes
- Center for Molecular Discovery (CMD) Innovation, Discovery and Training Complex (IDTC), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - L A Sklar
- Center for Molecular Discovery (CMD) Innovation, Discovery and Training Complex (IDTC), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - P R Escalona
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque NM 87108, USA
| | - E D Milligan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Zhang Y, Fu Q, Ruan J, Shi C, Lu W, Wu J, Zhou Z. Dexpramipexole ameliorates cognitive deficits in sepsis-associated encephalopathy through suppressing mitochondria-mediated pyroptosis and apoptosis. Neuroreport 2023; 34:220-231. [PMID: 36719835 PMCID: PMC10516177 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of dexpramipexole (DPX) - a mitochondrial protectant that sustains mitochondrial function and energy production - on cognitive function in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) induced by peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and examining the potential mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were randomized into one of four treatment protocols: Con+Sal, Con+DPX, LPS+Sal or LPS+DPX. The mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with LPS or equivalent volumes of normal saline once daily for 3 consecutive days. To evaluate the protective effects of DPX, we administered DPX or normal saline i.p. to the mice once daily for 6 consecutive days. Six mice in each group were decapitated on day 7, and each brain was rapidly removed and separated into two halves for biochemical and histochemical analysis. The remaining surviving mice in each group were subjected to behavioral tests from days 7 to 10. RESULTS Peripheral administration of LPS to mice led to learning and memory deficits in behavioral tests, which were associated with mitochondrial impairment and ATP depletion in the hippocampus. Repeated DPX treatment protected the mitochondria against LPS-induced morphological and functional impairment; inhibited the activation of the Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis pathway and cytochrome c (Cyt-c)-caspase-3-dependent apoptosis pathway; and attenuated LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cell death in the hippocampus in SAE mice. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria-mediated pyroptosis and apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in a mouse model of SAE and DPX protects mitochondria and suppresses the mitochondria-medicated pyroptosis and apoptosis pathways, and ameliorates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits. This study provides theoretical evidence supporting DPX for the treatment of SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Qun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaping Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Changxi Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Wuguang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University
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Dexpramipexole Attenuates White Matter Injury to Facilitate Locomotion and Motor Coordination Recovery via Reducing Ferroptosis after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6160701. [PMID: 35965685 PMCID: PMC9371846 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6160701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the factors causing damage to white matter fiber bundles and exploring new strategies to alleviate white matter injury (WMI) is a promising treatment to improve neurological impairments after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Ferroptosis usually occurs at perihematomal region and contributes to neuronal death due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Dexpramipexole (DPX) easily crosses the blood brain barrier (BBB) and exerts antioxidative properties by reducing ROS production, while the role of DPX in ferroptosis after ICH remains elusive. Here, our results indicated that ferroptosis played a significant role in WMI resulting from iron and ROS accumulation around hematoma. Further evidence demonstrated that the administration of DPX decreased iron and ROS deposition to inhibit ferroptosis at perihematomal site. With the inhibition of ferroptosis, WMI was alleviated at perihematomal site, thereafter promoting locomotion and motor coordination recovery in mice after ICH. Subsequently, the results showcased that the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferroptosis suppressing protein 1 (FSP1) was upregulated with the administration of DPX. Collectively, the present study uncovers the underlying mechanism and elucidates the therapeutic effect of DPX on ICH, and even in other central nervous system (CNS) diseases with the presence of ferroptosis.
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Yang L, Yu X, Zhang Y, Liu N, Li D, Xue X, Fu J. Proteomic analysis of the effects of caffeine in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic white matter damage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1019-1032. [PMID: 35393758 PMCID: PMC9160447 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim White matter damage (WMD) is the main cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment in premature infants. Although caffeine has been shown to possess neuroprotective effects in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD, the mechanisms underlying these protective effects are unclear. Herein, proteins modulated by caffeine in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD were evaluated. Methods We identified differential proteins and performed functional enrichment analyses between the Sham, hypoxic‐ischemic WMD (HI), and HI+caffeine‐treated WMD (Caffeine) groups. Confirmed the changes and effect of proteins in animal models and determined cognitive impairment via water maze experiments. Results In paraventricular tissue, 47 differential proteins were identified between the Sham, HI, and Caffeine groups. Functional enrichment analyses showed that these proteins were related to myelination and axon formation. In particular, the myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein, myelin‐associated glycoprotein precursor, and sirtiun 2 (SIRT2) levels were reduced in the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD group, and this effect could be prevented by caffeine. Caffeine alleviated the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD‐induced cognitive impairment and improved MBP, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density protein 95 protein levels after hypoxic‐ischemic WMD by preventing the HI‐induced downregulation of SIRT2; these effects were subsequently attenuated by the SIRT2 inhibitor AK‐7. Conclusion Caffeine may have clinical applications in the management of prophylactic hypoxic‐ischemic WMD; its effects may be mediated by proteins related to myelin development and synapse formation through SIRT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuefei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Exercise Improves Spatial Learning and Memory Performance through the Central GLP-1 Receptors. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:2900628. [PMID: 35774081 PMCID: PMC9239811 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2900628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone which is produced in the enteroendocrine L-cells in the ileum and the neurons of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brain which has numerous metabolic effects. The central GLP-1R's role in cognitive functioning is well known. On the contrary, it has been shown that exercise has positive effects on brain function. So, we decided to elucidate whether the central GLP-1 has a role in memory and learning. Thirty-two rats were used in this experiment in 4 groups. After anesthetizing the rats, the right lateral ventricle was detected, and a cannula was directed to the ventricle. Ten micrograms of exendin-3 or sterile saline, according to the group, was injected via ICV once daily for seven days. The rats in the exercise group considered an exercise period of one hour each day (17 meters per minute) for seven consecutive days. To evaluate the performance of memory and learning, a standard Morris water maze (MWM) tank was utilized. According to the results, the TE-exendin group showed a statistically significant difference from the TE-SAL group in both parameters of latency and time in the zone. In summary, memory and learning were improved by GLP-1R in the exercise group, but not in the sedentary group, which we can hypothesize that exercise can affect memory and learning through this pathway.
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Caffeine treatment started before injury reduces hypoxic-ischemic white-matter damage in neonatal rats by regulating phenotypic microglia polarization. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1543-1554. [PMID: 35220399 PMCID: PMC9771815 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing neuroinflammatory damage is an effective strategy for treating white-matter damage (WMD) in premature infants. Caffeine can ameliorate hypoxia-ischemia-induced brain WMD; however, its neuroprotective effect and mechanism against hypoxic-ischemic WMD remain unclear. METHODS We used 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats to establish a model of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia-induced brain WMD after unilateral common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia exposure (8% O2 + 92% N2) for 2.5 h. Mechanism experiments were conducted to detect M1/M2 polarization and activation of microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome. RESULTS Caffeine inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduced microglial Iba-1 activation, inhibited microglia M1 polarization, and promoted microglia M2 polarization by downregulating CD86 and iNOS protein expression, inhibiting the transcription of the proinflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β, upregulating CD206 and Arg-1 expression, and promoting the transcription of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and TGF-β. Importantly, we found that these caffeine-mediated effects could be reversed after inhibiting A2aR activity. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine improved long-term cognitive function in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic WMD via A2aR-mediated inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduction of microglial activation, regulation of the phenotypic polarization of microglia and the release of inflammatory factors, and improvement of myelination development. IMPACT The direct protective effect of caffeine on hypoxic-ischemic white-matter damage (WMD) and its mechanism remains unclear. This study elucidated this mechanism using neonatal rats as an animal model of hypoxia-ischemia-induced cerebral WMD. The findings demonstrated caffeine as a promising therapeutic tool against immature WMD to protect neonatal cognitive function. We found that caffeine pretreatment reduced WMD in immature brains via regulation of microglial activation and polarization by adenosine A2a receptor, thereby, providing a scientific basis for future clinical application of caffeine.
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Xiao Y, Wang X, Wang S, Li J, Xu X, Wang M, Li G, Shen W. Celastrol Attenuates Learning and Memory Deficits in an Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5574207. [PMID: 34350293 PMCID: PMC8328733 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with learning, memory, and cognitive deficits. Neuroinflammation and synapse loss are involved in the pathology of AD. Diverse measures have been applied to treat AD, but currently, there is no effective treatment. Celastrol (CEL) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F that has been shown to enhance cell viability and inhibit amyloid-β production induced by lipopolysaccharides in vitro. In the present study, the protective effect of CEL on Aβ 25-35-induced rat model of AD was assessed. Our results showed that CEL administration at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day improved spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Further biochemical analysis showed that CEL treatment of intrahippocampal Aβ 25-35-microinjected rats attenuated hippocampal NF-κB activity; inhibited proinflammatory markers, namely, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors, such as IL-4 and IL-10. Furthermore, CEL upregulated hippocampal neurexin-1β, neuroligin-1, CA1, and PSD95 expression levels, which may improve synaptic function. Simultaneously, CEL also increased glucose metabolism in Aβ 25-35-microinjected rats. In conclusion, CEL could exert protective effects against learning and memory decline induced by intrahippocampal Aβ 25-35 through anti-inflammation, promote synaptic development, and maintain hippocampal energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Coppi E, Buonvicino D, Ranieri G, Cherchi F, Venturini M, Pugliese AM, Chiarugi A. Dexpramipexole Enhances K + Currents and Inhibits Cell Excitability in the Rat Hippocampus In Vitro. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2955-2962. [PMID: 33566318 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dexpramipexole (DEX) has been described as the first-in-class F1Fo ATP synthase activator able to boost mitochondrial bioenergetics and provide neuroprotection in experimental models of ischemic brain injury. Although DEX failed in a phase III trial in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it showed favorable safety and tolerability profiles. Recently, DEX emerged as a Nav1.8 Na+ channel and transient outward K+ (IA) conductance blocker, revealing therefore an unexpected, pleiotypic pharmacodynamic profile. In this study, we performed electrophysiological experiments in vitro aimed to better characterize the impact of DEX on voltage-dependent currents and synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. By means of patch-clamp recordings on isolated hippocampal neurons, we found that DEX increases outward K+ currents evoked by a voltage ramp protocol. This effect is prevented by the non-selective voltage-dependent K+ channel (Kv) blocker TEA and by the selective small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channel blocker apamin. In keeping with this, extracellular field recordings from rat hippocampal slices also demonstrated that the compound inhibits synaptic transmission and CA1 neuron excitability. Overall, these data further our understanding on the pharmacodynamics of DEX and disclose an additional mechanism that could underlie its neuroprotective properties. Also, they identify DEX as a lead to develop new modulators of K+ conductances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Venturini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Yin J, Reiman EM, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Sabbagh MN, Nielsen M, Caselli RJ, Shi J. Effect of ApoE isoforms on mitochondria in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2020; 94:e2404-e2411. [PMID: 32457210 PMCID: PMC7455369 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that ApoE isoforms affect mitochondrial structure and function that are related to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD), we systematically investigated the effects of ApoE isoforms on mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, oxidative stress, synapses, and cognitive performance in AD. METHODS We obtained postmortem human brain tissues and measured proteins that are responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α [PGC-1α] and sirtuin 3 [SIRT3]), for mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusin 1 [MFN1], mitofusin 2 [MFN2], and dynamin-like protein 1 [DLP1]), for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2] and forkhead-box protein O3a [Foxo3a]), and for synapses (postsynaptic density protein 95 [PSD95] and synapsin1 [Syn1]). A total of 46 cases were enrolled, including ApoE-ɛ4 carriers (n = 21) and noncarriers (n = 25). RESULTS Levels of these proteins were compared between ApoE-ɛ4 carriers and noncarriers. ApoE-ɛ4 was associated with impaired mitochondrial structure and function, oxidative stress, and synaptic integrity in the human brain. Correlation analysis revealed that mitochondrial proteins and the synaptic protein were strongly associated with cognitive performance. CONCLUSION ApoE isoforms influence mitochondrial structure and function, which likely leads to alteration in oxidative stress, synapses, and cognitive function. These mitochondria-related proteins may be a harbinger of cognitive decline in ApoE-ɛ4 carriers and provide novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Yin
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Eric M Reiman
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Thomas G Beach
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Megan Nielsen
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Richard J Caselli
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Jiong Shi
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing.
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Winquist RJ, Gribkoff VK. Targeting putative components of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore for novel therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113995. [PMID: 32339494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Few discoveries have influenced drug discovery programs more than the finding that mitochondrial membranes undergo swings in permeability in response to cellular perturbations. The conductor of these permeability changes is the aptly named mitochondrial permeability transition pore which, although not yet precisely defined, is comprised of several integral proteins that differentially act to regulate the flux of ions, proteins and metabolic byproducts during the course of cellular physiological functions but also pathophysiological insults. Pursuit of the pore's exact identity remains a topic of keen interest, but decades of research have unearthed provocative functions for the integral proteins leading to their evaluation to develop novel therapeutics for a wide range of clinical indications. Chief amongst these targeted, integral proteins have been the Voltage Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) and the F1FO ATP synthase. Research associated with the roles and ligands of VDAC has been extensive and we will expand upon 3 examples of ligand:VDAC interactions for consideration of drug discovery projects: Tubulin:VDAC1, Hexokinase I/II:VDAC1 and olesoxime:VDAC1. The discoveries that cyclosporine blocks mitochondrial permeability transition via binding to cyclophilin D, and that cyclophilin D is an important component of F1FO ATP synthase, has heightened interest in the F1FO ATP synthase as a focal point for drug discovery, and we will discuss 2 plausible campaigns associated with disease indications. To date no drug has emerged from prospective targeting these integral proteins; however, continued exploration such as the approaches suggested in this Commentary will increase the likelihood of providing important therapeutics for severely unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Winquist
- Alkermes Pharmaceuticals Inc, 852 Winter Street, Waltham MA 02451, United States.
| | - Valentin K Gribkoff
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, United States; TheraStat LLC, 44 Kings Grant Rd., Weston, MA 02493, United States
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Dexpramipexole blocks Nav1.8 sodium channels and provides analgesia in multiple nociceptive and neuropathic pain models. Pain 2019; 161:831-841. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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