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Zhong Y, Wang G, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wang X. The role of DNA damage in neural stem cells ageing. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31187. [PMID: 38219047 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with the potential to differentiate into a variety of nerve cells. NSCs are susceptible to both intracellular and extracellular insults, thus causing DNA damage. Extracellular insults include ultraviolet, ionizing radiation, base analogs, modifiers, alkyl agents and others, while intracellular factors include Reactive oxygen species (ROS) radicals produced by mitochondria, mismatches that occur during DNA replication, deamination of bases, loss of bases, and more. When encountered with DNA damage, cells typically employ three coping strategies: DNA repair, damage tolerance, and apoptosis. NSCs, like many other stem cells, have the ability to divide, differentiate, and repair DNA damage to prevent mutations from being passed down to the next generation. However, when DNA damage accumulates over time, it will lead to a series of alterations in the metabolism of cells, which will cause cellular ageing. The ageing and exhaustion of neural stem cell will have serious effects on the body, such as neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine the processes by which DNA damage leads to NSCs ageing and the mechanisms of DNA repair in NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangming Wang
- School of Medicine, Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangzhi Yang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Carver AJ, Hing B, Elser BA, Lussier SJ, Yamanashi T, Howard MA, Kawasaki H, Shinozaki G, Stevens HE. Correlation of telomere length in brain tissue with peripheral tissues in living human subjects. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1303974. [PMID: 38516039 PMCID: PMC10954899 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1303974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are important to chromosomal stability, and changes in their length correlate with disease, potentially relevant to brain disorders. Assessing telomere length in human brain is invasive, but whether peripheral tissue telomere length correlates with that in brain is not known. Saliva, buccal, blood, and brain samples were collected at time points before, during, and after subjects undergoing neurosurgery (n = 35) for intractable epilepsy. DNA was isolated from samples and average telomere length assessed by qPCR. Correlations of telomere length between tissue samples were calculated across subjects. When data were stratified by sex, saliva telomere length correlated with brain telomere length in males only. Buccal telomere length correlated with brain telomere length when males and females were combined. These findings indicate that in living subjects, telomere length in peripheral tissues variably correlates with that in brain and may be dependent on sex. Peripheral tissue telomere length may provide insight into brain telomere length, relevant to assessment of brain disorder pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie J. Carver
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Benjamin Hing
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Elser
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stephanie J. Lussier
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Biostatistics Graduate Program, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Takehiko Yamanashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Standford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Matthew A. Howard
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Gen Shinozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Standford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hanna E. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Hawk-Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Chen S, Liu F, Yang A, Shang K. For better or worse: crosstalk of parvovirus and host DNA damage response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324531. [PMID: 38464523 PMCID: PMC10920228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a group of non-enveloped DNA viruses that have a broad spectrum of natural infections, making them important in public health. NS1 is the largest and most complex non-structural protein in the parvovirus genome, which is indispensable in the life cycle of parvovirus and is closely related to viral replication, induction of host cell apoptosis, cycle arrest, DNA damage response (DDR), and other processes. Parvovirus activates and utilizes the DDR pathway to promote viral replication through NS1, thereby increasing pathogenicity to the host cells. Here, we review the latest progress of parvovirus in regulating host cell DDR during the parvovirus lifecycle and discuss the potential of cellular consequences of regulating the DDR pathway, targeting to provide the theoretical basis for further elucidation of the pathogenesis of parvovirus and development of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbiao Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Aofei Yang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Soraci L, Corsonello A, Paparazzo E, Montesanto A, Piacenza F, Olivieri F, Gambuzza ME, Savedra EV, Marino S, Lattanzio F, Biscetti L. Neuroinflammaging: A Tight Line Between Normal Aging and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2023.1001. [PMID: 38300639 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging in the healthy brain is characterized by a low-grade, chronic, and sterile inflammatory process known as neuroinflammaging. This condition, mainly consisting in an up-regulation of the inflammatory response at the brain level, contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Development of this proinflammatory state involves the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, able to induce age-related epigenetic modifications. Indeed, the exposure to environmental compounds, drugs, and infections, can contribute to epigenetic modifications of DNA methylome, histone fold proteins, and nucleosome positioning, leading to epigenetic modulation of neuroinflammatory responses. Furthermore, some epigenetic modifiers, which combine and interact during the life course, can contribute to modeling of epigenome dynamics to sustain, or dampen the neuroinflammatory phenotype. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about neuroinflammaging with a particular focus on epigenetic mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of neuroinflammatory cascades in the central nervous system; furthermore, we describe some diagnostic biomarkers that may contribute to increase diagnostic accuracy and help tailor therapeutic strategies in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Soraci
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center of Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center of Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Ersilia Paparazzo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Italian National Research Center of Aging (IRCCS INRCA), IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, Italian National Research Center of Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Biscetti
- Section of Neurology, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy
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Liu C, Ding K, Abdul M, Sun QC, Zhang ZF, Dong MM, Han L, Dai MS, Guan HL, Han Y, Liu H, Chen XF, Cao JL. The relationship between longer leukocyte telomeres and dNCR in non-cardiac surgery patients: a retrospective analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 37608257 PMCID: PMC10463441 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive decline following surgery is a common concern among elderly individuals. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) can be assessed as a biological clock connected to an individual lifespan. However, the mechanisms causing this inference are still not fully understood. As a result of this, LTL has the potential to be useful as an aging-related biomarker for assessing delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) and related diseases. METHODS For this study, 196 individuals over 60 who were scheduled due to major non-cardiac surgical operations attended neuropsychological testing before surgery, followed by additional testing one week later. The finding of dNCR was based on a measured Z-score ≤ -1.96 on two or more separate tests. The frequency of dNCR was presented as the primary outcome of the study. Secondly, we evaluated the association between dNCR and preoperative LTL. RESULTS Overall, 20.4% [40/196; 95% confidence interval (CI), 14.7-26.1%] of patients exhibited dNCR 1-week post-surgery. Longer LTL was identified as a predictor for the onset of early cognitive impairment resulting in postoperative cognitive decline [odds ratio (OR), 14.82; 95% CI, 4.01-54.84; P < 0.001], following adjustment of age (OR, 12.33; 95% CI, 3.29-46.24; P < 0.001). The dNCR incidence based on LTL values of these patients, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.722-0.859; P < 0.001). At an optimal cut-off value of 0.959, LTL values offered respective specificity and sensitivity values of 64.7% and 87.5%. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the current study revealed that the incidence of dNCR was strongly associated with prolonged LTL. Furthermore, this biomarker could help identify high-risk patients and offer insight into the pathophysiology of dNCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, 210009 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Ke Ding
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai, District, Nanjing, 210006 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Mannan Abdul
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, NO. 83 Fengyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai City, 20031 Shanghai China
| | - Qing-Chun Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO. 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing CityJiangsu Province, 210015 China
| | - Zhen-Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO. 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing CityJiangsu Province, 210015 China
| | - Meng-Meng Dong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 99 Huaihai Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou City, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Liu Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Ming-Sheng Dai
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hui-Lian Guan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yuan Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, NO. 83 Fengyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai City, 20031 Shanghai China
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou City, 313003 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xue-Fen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209 Tongshan Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, 221004 Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 99 Huaihai Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou City, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
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Zhao J, Huai J. Role of primary aging hallmarks in Alzheimer´s disease. Theranostics 2023; 13:197-230. [PMID: 36593969 PMCID: PMC9800733 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, which severely threatens the health of the elderly and causes significant economic and social burdens. The causes of AD are complex and include heritable but mostly aging-related factors. The primary aging hallmarks include genomic instability, telomere wear, epigenetic changes, and loss of protein stability, which play a dominant role in the aging process. Although AD is closely associated with the aging process, the underlying mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis have not been well characterized. This review summarizes the available literature about primary aging hallmarks and their roles in AD pathogenesis. By analyzing published literature, we attempted to uncover the possible mechanisms of aberrant epigenetic markers with related enzymes, transcription factors, and loss of proteostasis in AD. In particular, the importance of oxidative stress-induced DNA methylation and DNA methylation-directed histone modifications and proteostasis are highlighted. A molecular network of gene regulatory elements that undergoes a dynamic change with age may underlie age-dependent AD pathogenesis, and can be used as a new drug target to treat AD.
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Early Life Stage Folic Acid Deficiency Delays the Neurobehavioral Development and Cognitive Function of Rat Offspring by Hindering De Novo Telomere Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136948. [PMID: 35805953 PMCID: PMC9266327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stage folate status may influence neurodevelopment in offspring. The developmental origin of health and disease highlights the importance of the period of the first 1000 days (from conception to 2 years) of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early life stage folic acid deficiency on de novo telomere synthesis, neurobehavioral development, and the cognitive function of offspring rats. The rats were divided into three diet treatment groups: folate-deficient, folate-normal, and folate-supplemented. They were fed the corresponding diet from 5 weeks of age to the end of the lactation period. After weaning, the offspring rats were still fed with the corresponding diet for up to 100 days. Neurobehavioral tests, folic acid and homocysteine (Hcy) levels, relative telomere length in brain tissue, and uracil incorporation in telomere in offspring were measured at different time points. The results showed that folic acid deficiency decreased the level of folic acid, increased the level of Hcy of brain tissue in offspring, increased the wrong incorporation of uracil into telomeres, and hindered de novo telomere synthesis. However, folic acid supplementation increased the level of folic acid, reduced the level of Hcy of brain tissue in offspring, reduced the wrong incorporation of uracil into telomeres, and protected de novo telomere synthesis of offspring, which was beneficial to the development of early sensory-motor function, spatial learning, and memory in adolescence and adulthood. In conclusion, early life stage folic acid deficiency had long-term inhibiting effects on neurodevelopment and cognitive function in offspring.
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Durnev AD, Eremina NV, Zhanataev AK, Kolik LG. [Genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs in experimental and clinical studies]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:7-16. [PMID: 36279223 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20221221017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of experimental data on the study of the genotoxic activity of psychotropic drugs published over the past 25 years has been carried out. It has been shown that the information describing the genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs is characterized by fragmentation, contradictions, and the conditions for their experimental production often do not meet modern requirements. Conclusions about the presence or absence of genotoxic properties can be made only for 9.6% 94 examined drugs. The need for a large-scale systematic reassessment of the genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs, especially drugs of the first generation, on the basis of modern methodology, including studies of mutagen-modifying activity, has been proven. The expediency of monitoring the genotoxic status of patients receiving psychotropic drugs is emphasized, which should contribute to an adequate assessment of the genotoxic risk of their use and objectification of approaches when choosing a drug for the safe therapy. The urgency of conducting research to determine the role of primary DNA damage in the pathogenesis of mental illnesses has been substantiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Durnev
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Eremina
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Zhanataev
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L G Kolik
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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Schroder JD, de Araújo JB, de Oliveira T, de Moura AB, Fries GR, Quevedo J, Réus GZ, Ignácio ZM. Telomeres: the role of shortening and senescence in major depressive disorder and its therapeutic implications. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:227-255. [PMID: 34388328 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders, with a large number of patients not showing an effective therapeutic response to available treatments. Several biopsychosocial factors, such as stress in childhood and throughout life, and factors related to biological aging, may increase the susceptibility to MDD development. Included in critical biological processes related to aging and underlying biological mechanisms associated with MDD is the shortening of telomeres and changes in telomerase activity. This comprehensive review discusses studies that assessed the length of telomeres or telomerase activity and function in peripheral blood cells and brain tissues of MDD individuals. Also, results from in vitro protocols and animal models of stress and depressive-like behaviors were included. We also expand our discussion to include the role of telomere biology as it relates to other relevant biological mechanisms, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, inflammation, genetics, and epigenetic changes. In the text and the discussion, conflicting results in the literature were observed, especially considering the size of telomeres in the central nervous system, on which there are different protocols with divergent results in the literature. Finally, the context of this review is considering cell signaling, transcription factors, and neurotransmission, which are involved in MDD and can be underlying to senescence, telomere shortening, and telomerase functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Daniela Schroder
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Postal Code: 89815-899Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Julia Beatrice de Araújo
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Postal Code: 89815-899Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Tacio de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Postal Code: 89815-899Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Airam Barbosa de Moura
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário Postal Code: 88806-000Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, Translational Psychiatry Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário Postal Code: 88806-000Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, Translational Psychiatry Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA.,Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário Postal Code: 88806-000Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Zuleide Maria Ignácio
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Postal Code: 89815-899Chapecó, SC, Brazil.,Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário Postal Code: 88806-000Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Yu G, Lu L, Ma Z, Wu S. Genetically Predicted Telomere Length and Its Relationship With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:595864. [PMID: 33679878 PMCID: PMC7934420 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.595864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Are shorter telomeres causal risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)? This study aimed to examine if shorter telomeres were causally associated with a higher risk of AD using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Two-sample MR methods were applied to the summary effect sizes and standard errors from a genome-wide association study for AD. Twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms of genome-wide significance were selected as instrumental variables for leukocyte telomere length. The main analyses were performed primarily using the random-effects inverse-variance weighted method and complemented with the other three methods: weighted median approaches, MR-Egger regression, and weighted mode approach. The intercept of MR-Egger regression was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy. We found that longer telomeres were associated with lower risks of AD (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.67, 0.93, P = 0.004). Comparable results were obtained using weighted median approaches, MR-Egger regression, and weighted mode approaches. The intercept of the MR-Egger regression was close to zero. This may show that there was not suggestive of horizontal pleiotropy. Our findings provided additional evidence regarding the putative causal association between shorter telomere length and the higher risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Yu
- Wuqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Zaihong Ma
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouhai Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Mahady LJ, He B, Malek-Ahmadi M, Mufson EJ. Telomeric alterations in the default mode network during the progression of Alzheimer's disease: Selective vulnerability of the precuneus. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 47:428-440. [PMID: 33107640 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although telomere length (TL) and telomere maintenance proteins (shelterins) are markers of cellular senescence and peripheral blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), little information is available on telomeric alterations during the prodromal stage (MCI) of AD. We investigated TL in the default mode network (DMN), which underlies episodic memory deficits in AD, as well as shelterin protein and mRNA levels in the precuneus (PreC). METHODS Telomere length was evaluated in DMN hubs and visual cortex using quantitative PCR (qPCR). In the PreC, western blotting and NanoString nCounter expression analyses evaluated shelterin protein and mRNA levels, respectively, in cases with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), MCI and AD. RESULTS TL was significantly reduced in the PreC in MCI and AD compared to NCI, but stable in frontal, inferior temporal, posterior cingulate and visual cortex. PreC TL correlated significantly with performance on cognitive tests. NCI cases with high vs low Braak scores displayed significantly shorter TL in posterior cingulate and frontal cortex, which correlated significantly with neuritic and diffuse amyloid-β plaque counts. Shelterin protein levels (TIN2, TRF1, TRF2 and POT1) declined in MCI and AD compared to NCI. The PreC displayed stable expression of shelterins TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1 and TPP1, while TINF2 mRNA significantly increased in AD compared to NCI. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a selective vulnerability to telomere attrition within different nodes of the DMN in prodromal AD and in aged NCI individuals with high Braak scores highlighting a putative role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Mahady
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bin He
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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12
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Long-lived post-mitotic cell aging: is a telomere clock at play? Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111256. [PMID: 32380018 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular response to stress for both dividing and post-mitotic cells. Noteworthy, long-lived post-mitotic cells (collectively named LLPMCs), which can live for decades in the organism, can exhibit a distinct type of cellular aging characterized by a progressive functional decline not associated to an overt senescence phenotype. The age-related drivers of senescence and aging in LLPMCs remain largely unknown. There is evidence that an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to dysfunctional mitochondria, coupled with an inherent inability of cellular-degradation mechanisms to remove damaged molecules, is responsible for senescence and aging in LLPMC. Although telomeric DNA shortening, by nature linked to cell division, is generally not considered as a driver of LLPMC aging and senescence, we discuss recent reports revealing the existence of age-related telomere changes in LLPMC. These findings reveal unexpected roles for telomeres in LLPMC function and invite us to consider the hypothesis of a complex telomere clock involved in both dividing and non-dividing cell aging.
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13
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Eyolfson E, Malik H, Mychasiuk R. Sexually Dimorphic Behavioral and Genetic Outcomes Associated With Administration of TA65 (A Telomerase Activator) Following Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 32132968 PMCID: PMC7040363 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents have the highest rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with mild TBI (mTBI) accounting for most of these injuries. This demographic also often suffers from post-injury symptomologies that may persist for months. Telomere length (TL) has previously been used as a marker for outcomes following repetitive mild TBI (RmTBI) and it may be possible that telomere elongation can reduce post-traumatic behavioral impairments. Telomerase activator-65 (TA-65) is a telomerase small-molecule activator purified from the root of Chinese herbs that has been anecdotally reported to have anti-aging and life-extending potential. We hypothesized that RmTBI would shorten TL but administration of TA-65 would reverse RmTBI-induced telomere shortening and behavioral deficits. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered TA-65 or a placebo substance for 30 consecutive days [postnatal day (P) 25–55]. Following the injury protocol (mTBIs on P33, 36, and 40), rats went through a behavioral test battery designed to examine symptomologies commonly associated with mTBI (balance and motor coordination, exploratory behavior, short-term working memory, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors). TL in ear and brain tissue (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) and relative expression of TERT and Tep1 via qPCR were assessed 15 days following the last injury. We observed a heterogenous response between males and females, with TA65 administration resulting in increased mRNA expression of TERT and Tep1 in female rats that experienced RmTBI, which was accompanied by some functional recovery on motor behavior and footslips in the beam walk task and depressive-like behavior in the forced swim task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eyolfson
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Haris Malik
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Leandro GS, Evangelista AF, Lobo RR, Xavier DJ, Moriguti JC, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Changes in Expression Profiles Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1483-1495. [PMID: 30400085 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative pathology associated with accumulation of DNA damage. Inflammation and cell cycle alterations seem to be implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, although the molecular mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AD patients display alterations in gene expression profiles, focusing on finding markers that might improve the diagnosis of AD. Blood samples were collected from 22 AD patients and 13 healthy individuals to perform genome-wide mRNA expression. We found 593 differentially expressed genes in AD compared to controls, from which 428 were upregulated, and 165 were downregulated. By performing a gene set enrichment analysis, we observed pathways involved in inflammation, DNA damage response, cell cycle, and neuronal processes. Moreover, functional annotation analyses indicated that differentially expressed genes are strongly related to pathways associated with the cell cycle and the immune system. The results were compared with those of an independent study on hippocampus samples, and a number of genes in common between both studies were identified as potential peripheral biomarkers for AD, including DUSP1, FOS, SLC7A2, RGS1, GFAP, CCL2, ANGPTL4, and SSPN. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PBMCs of AD patients do present alterations in gene expression profiles, and these results are comparable to those previously reported in the literature for AD neurons, supporting the hypothesis that blood peripheral mononuclear cells express molecular changes that occur in the neurons of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Silva Leandro
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Romulo Rebouças Lobo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Jordão Xavier
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio César Moriguti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza Tiemi Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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15
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Fernandes J, Chandler JD, Lili LN, Uppal K, Hu X, Hao L, Go YM, Jones DP. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Distinct Responses to Physiologic versus Toxic Manganese Exposure in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Genet 2019; 10:676. [PMID: 31396262 PMCID: PMC6668488 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, which also causes neurotoxicity in exposed occupational workers. Mn causes mitochondrial toxicity; however, little is known about transcriptional responses discriminated by physiological and toxicological levels of Mn. Identification of such mechanisms could provide means to evaluate risk of Mn toxicity and also potential avenues to protect against adverse effects. To study the Mn dose-response effects on transcription, analyzed by RNA-Seq, we used human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed for 5 h to Mn (0 to 100 μM), a time point where no immediate cell death occurred at any of the doses. Results showed widespread effects on abundance of protein-coding genes for metabolism of reactive oxygen species, energy sensing, glycolysis, and protein homeostasis including the unfolded protein response and transcriptional regulation. Exposure to a concentration (10 μM Mn for 5 h) that did not result in cell death after 24-h increased abundance of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the protein secretion pathway that function in protein trafficking and cellular homeostasis. These include BET1 (Golgi vesicular membrane-trafficking protein), ADAM10 (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10), and ARFGAP3 (ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3). In contrast, 5-h exposure to 100 μM Mn, a concentration that caused cell death after 24 h, increased abundance of DEGs for components of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Integrated pathway analysis results showed that protein secretion gene set was associated with amino acid metabolites in response to 10 μM Mn, while oxidative phosphorylation gene set was associated with energy, lipid, and neurotransmitter metabolites at 100 μM Mn. These results show that differential effects of Mn occur at a concentration which does not cause subsequent cell death compared to a concentration that causes subsequent cell death. If these responses translate to effects on the secretory pathway and mitochondrial functions in vivo, differential activities of these systems could provide a sensitive basis to discriminate sub-toxic and toxic environmental and occupational Mn exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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16
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da Silva Neto Trajano LA, Trajano ETL, da Silva Sergio LP, Teixeira AF, Mencalha AL, Stumbo AC, de Souza da Fonseca A. Photobiomodulation effects on mRNA levels from genomic and chromosome stabilization genes in injured muscle. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1513-1519. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Schoormans D, Verhoeven JE, Denollet J, van de Poll-Franse L, Penninx BWJH. Leukocyte telomere length and personality: associations with the Big Five and Type D personality traits. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1008-1019. [PMID: 28889809 PMCID: PMC5851042 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Backgrounds Accelerated cellular ageing, which can be examined by telomere length (TL), may be an overarching mechanism underlying the association between personality and adverse health outcomes. This 6-year longitudinal study examined the relation between personality and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) across time among adults with a wide age-range. METHODS Data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were used and included patients with a depression and/or anxiety disorder and healthy controls. Overall, 2936 persons (18-65 years, 66% female) had data on LTL at baseline and 1883 persons had LTL at 6-year follow-up. The Big Five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and Type D personality were assessed. RESULTS Neuroticism was negatively (B = -2.11, p = 0.03) and agreeableness was positively (B = 3.84, p = 0.03) related to LTL measured across two time points, which became just non-significant after adjusting for somatic health, lifestyle factors, and recent life stress (B = -1.99, p = 0.06; and B = 3.01, p = 0.10). Type D personality was negatively (B = -50.16, p < 0.01) related to LTL across two time points, which still remained statistically significant after full adjustment (B = -47.37, p = 0.01). Associations did not differ by age, gender, and current psychiatric status. CONCLUSIONS The Big Five traits high neuroticism and low agreeableness, and Type D personality were associated with shorter LTL measured across a 6-year period. Associations with the Big Five traits became non-significant after controlling for somatic health, lifestyle factors, and recent life stress, yet similar trends were observed. Type D personality remained independently associated with shorter LTL after full adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Schoormans
- Department of Medical and Clinical
psychology, CoRPS – Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic
diseases, Tilburg University,
Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry VU University Medical
Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. E. Verhoeven
- Department of Psychiatry VU University Medical
Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Denollet
- Department of Medical and Clinical
psychology, CoRPS – Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic
diseases, Tilburg University,
Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - L. van de Poll-Franse
- Department of Medical and Clinical
psychology, CoRPS – Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic
diseases, Tilburg University,
Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization
(IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Research and
Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry VU University Medical
Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Jin H, Lian N, Bian M, Zhang C, Chen X, Shao J, Wu L, Chen A, Guo Q, Zhang F, Zheng S. Oroxylin A inhibits ethanol-induced hepatocyte senescence via YAP pathway. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12431. [PMID: 29318697 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oroxylin A, a natural flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, has been reported to have anti-hepatic injury effects. However, the effects of oroxylin A on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of oroxylin A on ALD and the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male ICR mice and human hepatocyte cell line LO2 were used. Yes-associated protein (YAP) overexpression and knockdown were achieved using plasmid and siRNA technique. Cellular senescence was assessed by analyses of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), senescence marker p16, p21, Hmga1, cell cycle and telomerase activity. RESULTS Oroxylin A alleviated ethanol-induced hepatocyte damage by suppressing activities of supernatant marker enzymes. We found that oroxylin A inhibited ethanol-induced hepatocyte senescence by decreasing the number of SA-β-gal-positive LO2 cells and reducing the expression of senescence markers p16, p21 and Hmga1 in vitro. Moreover, oroxylin A affected the cell cycle and telomerase activity. Of importance, we revealed that YAP pharmacological inhibitor verteporfin or YAP siRNA eliminated the effect of oroxylin A on ethanol-induced hepatocyte senescence in vitro, and this was further supported by the evidence in vivo experiments. CONCLUSION Therefore, these aggregated data suggested that oroxylin A relieved alcoholic liver injury possibly by inhibiting the senescence of hepatocyte, which was dependent on its activation of YAP in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mianli Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingran Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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19
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Kim J, Choi I, Lee Y. Involvement of Atm and Trp53 in neural cell loss due to Terf2 inactivation during mouse brain development. Histochem Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28620865 PMCID: PMC5641282 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of genomic integrity is one of the critical features for proper neurodevelopment and inhibition of neurological diseases. The signals from both ATM and ATR to TP53 are well-known mechanisms to remove neural cells with DNA damage during neurogenesis. Here we examined the involvement of Atm and Atr in genomic instability due to Terf2 inactivation during mouse brain development. Selective inactivation of Terf2 in neural progenitors induced apoptosis, resulting in a complete loss of the brain structure. This neural loss was rescued partially in both Atm and Trp53 deficiency, but not in an Atr-deficient background in the mouse. Atm inactivation resulted in incomplete brain structures, whereas p53 deficiency led to the formation of multinucleated giant neural cells and the disruption of the brain structure. These giant neural cells disappeared in Lig4 deficiency. These data demonstrate ATM and TP53 are important for the maintenance of telomere homeostasis and the surveillance of telomere dysfunction during neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jusik Kim
- Genomic Instability Research Center, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseo Choi
- Genomic Instability Research Center, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Lee
- Genomic Instability Research Center, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kurth F, Cherbuin N, Luders E. Promising Links between Meditation and Reduced (Brain) Aging: An Attempt to Bridge Some Gaps between the Alleged Fountain of Youth and the Youth of the Field. Front Psychol 2017; 8:860. [PMID: 28611710 PMCID: PMC5447722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, an increasing number of studies has reported a positive impact of meditation on cerebral aging. However, the underlying mechanisms for these seemingly brain-protecting effects are not well-understood. This may be due to the fact, at least partly, that systematic empirical meditation research has emerged only recently as a field of scientific scrutiny. Thus, on the one hand, critical questions remain largely unanswered; and on the other hand, outcomes of existing research require better integration to build a more comprehensive and holistic picture. In this article, we first review theories and mechanisms pertaining to normal (brain) aging, specifically focusing on telomeres, inflammation, stress regulation, and macroscopic brain anatomy. Then, we summarize existing research integrating the developing evidence suggesting that meditation exerts positive effects on (brain) aging, while carefully discussing possible mechanisms through which these effects may be mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kurth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eileen Luders
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, United States.,Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
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21
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Eitan E, Braverman C, Tichon A, Gitler D, Hutchison ER, Mattson MP, Priel E. Excitotoxic and Radiation Stress Increase TERT Levels in the Mitochondria and Cytosol of Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons. THE CEREBELLUM 2017; 15:509-17. [PMID: 26374457 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the catalytic subunit of telomerase, an enzyme that elongates telomeres at the ends of chromosomes during DNA replication. Recently, it was shown that TERT has additional roles in cell survival, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and Wnt signaling, all of which are unrelated to telomeres. Here, we demonstrate that TERT is enriched in Purkinje neurons, but not in the granule cells of the adult mouse cerebellum. TERT immunoreactivity in Purkinje neurons is present in the nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoplasm. Furthermore, TERT co-localizes with mitochondrial markers, and immunoblot analysis of protein extracts from isolated mitochondria and synaptosomes confirmed TERT localization in mitochondria. TERT expression in Purkinje neurons increased significantly in response to two stressors: a sub-lethal dose of X-ray radiation and exposure to a high glutamate concentration. While X-ray radiation increased TERT levels in the nucleus, glutamate exposure elevated TERT levels in mitochondria. Our findings suggest that in mature Purkinje neurons, TERT is present both in the nucleus and in mitochondria, where it may participate in adaptive responses of the neurons to excitotoxic and radiation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Eitan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel. .,Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Carmel Braverman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ailone Tichon
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Daniel Gitler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Emmette R Hutchison
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Esther Priel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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22
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Irish AK, Erickson CM, Wahls TL, Snetselaar LG, Darling WG. Randomized control trial evaluation of a modified Paleolithic dietary intervention in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2017; 7:1-18. [PMID: 30050374 PMCID: PMC6053098 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s116949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE A Paleolithic diet may improve fatigue and quality of life in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but past research has evaluated the effects of this dietary intervention in combination with other treatments such as exercise. Thus, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate a modified Paleolithic dietary intervention (MPDI) in the treatment of fatigue and other symptoms in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS We measured the effects of a MPDI in 17 individuals with RRMS. Of 34 subjects randomly assigned to control (maintain usual diet) and intervention (MPDI) groups, nine subjects (one man) completed the control group and eight subjects (one man) completed the MPDI. RESULTS Significant improvements were seen in Fatigue Severity Scale score and also in Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 and time to complete (dominant hand) 9-Hole Peg Test from baseline in MPDI subjects compared to controls. Increased vitamin K serum levels were also observed in MPDI subjects postprotocol compared to controls. CONCLUSION A Paleolithic diet may be useful in the treatment and management of MS, by reducing perceived fatigue, increasing mental and physical quality of life, increasing exercise capacity, and improving hand and leg function. By increasing vitamin K serum levels, the MPDI may also reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Irish
- Motor Control Laboratories, Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa,
| | - Constance M Erickson
- Motor Control Laboratories, Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa,
| | - Terry L Wahls
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Warren G Darling
- Motor Control Laboratories, Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa,
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23
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DNA Damage in Major Psychiatric Diseases. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:251-67. [PMID: 27126805 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human cells are exposed to exogenous insults and continuous production of different metabolites. These insults and unwanted metabolic products might interfere with the stability of genomic DNA. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that different psychiatric disorders show substantially high levels of oxidative DNA damage in the brain accompanied with morphological and functional alterations. It reveals that damaged genomic DNA may contribute to the pathophysiology of these mental illnesses. In this article, we review the roles of oxidative damage and reduced antioxidant ability in some vastly studied psychiatric disorders and emphasize the inclusion of treatment options involving DNA repair. In addition, while most currently used antidepressants are based on the manipulation of the neurotransmitter regulation in managing different mental abnormalities, they are able to prevent or reverse neurotoxin-induced DNA damage. Therefore, it may be plausible to target on genomic DNA alterations for psychiatric therapies, which is of pivotal importance for future antipsychiatric drug development.
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24
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Forero DA, González-Giraldo Y, López-Quintero C, Castro-Vega LJ, Barreto GE, Perry G. Meta-analysis of Telomere Length in Alzheimer's Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1069-73. [PMID: 27091133 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common and severe neurodegenerative disorder. Human telomeres are fundamental for the maintenance of genomic stability and play prominent roles in both cellular senescence and organismal aging. Regulation of telomere length (TL) is the result of the complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Alterations in TL are increasingly being studied as a possible risk factor for AD, and published studies on TL in AD show discrepant results, highlighting the need for a meta-analysis. METHODS In the current study, we carried out a meta-analysis of published studies of TL in AD patients and healthy controls. PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases (from inception to September 2015) were used to identify relevant articles reporting TL in humans with AD, from which we retrieved data such as sample size, experimental methods, and mean TL for cases and controls. A random-effects model was used for meta-analytical procedures. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 13 primary studies and demonstrated a significant difference in TL between 860 AD patients and 2,022 controls, with a standardized mean difference of -0.984 (confidence interval: -1.433 to -0.535; p value: <.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results show a consistent evidence of shorter telomeres in AD patients and highlight the importance of the analysis of epigenomic markers associated with neurodegeneration and with the risk for common and severe neurological diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Catalina López-Quintero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | | | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio
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25
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Tedone E, Arosio B, Colombo F, Ferri E, Asselineau D, Piette F, Gussago C, Belmin J, Pariel S, Benlhassan K, Casati M, Bornand A, Rossi PD, Mazzola P, Annoni G, Doulazmi M, Mariani J, Porretti L, Bray DH, Mari D. Leukocyte Telomere Length in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with a Different Rate of Progression. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 46:761-9. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-142808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Tedone
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Flow Cytometry Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Delphine Asselineau
- ImmunoClin Ltd, London, UK
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8526 Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) Team Brain Development, Repair and Aging (BDRA), Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8526 Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) Team Brain Development, Repair and Aging (BDRA), Paris, France
| | - Francois Piette
- AP-HP, DHU FAST GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Gussago
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Joel Belmin
- AP-HP, DHU FAST GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Pariel
- AP-HP, DHU FAST GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | | | - Martina Casati
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne Bornand
- AP-HP, DHU FAST GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Dionigi Rossi
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Mazzola
- Geriatric Clinic, Department of Health Science, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University Study of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Annoni
- Geriatric Clinic, Department of Health Science, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University Study of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohamed Doulazmi
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8526 Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) Team Brain Development, Repair and Aging (BDRA), Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8526 Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) Team Brain Development, Repair and Aging (BDRA), Paris, France
- AP-HP, DHU FAST GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Jean Mariani
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8526 Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) Team Brain Development, Repair and Aging (BDRA), Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8526 Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) Team Brain Development, Repair and Aging (BDRA), Paris, France
- AP-HP, DHU FAST GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Laura Porretti
- Flow Cytometry Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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26
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Velegzhaninov I, Mezenceva V, Shostal O, Baranova A, Moskalev A. Age dynamics of DNA damage and CpG methylation in the peripheral blood leukocytes of mice. Mutat Res 2015; 775:38-42. [PMID: 25867117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Certain types of DNA damage are known to accumulate with age. Here we present the quantitative data describing the extent of the spontaneous DNA damage in 144 SHK mice of various ages. In each animal, we assessed double strand breaks, single strand breaks and alkali-labile sites, as well as amounts of oxidized purines, oxidized pyrimidines and misincorporated uracils. In addition, overall levels of genome DNA methylation were evaluated. The amounts of oxidized pyrimidines were correlated with age in males only, while the amounts of double strand breaks (DSB) in DNA samples were correlated with age in females only (R=0.26; p<0.035). No age-related accumulation of single-strand breaks (SSB) was observed. The hypomethylation of DNA was significant in aging females, but not in aging males. Various types of DNA damage were correlated to each other. In attempt to develop more stable indicator of age-dependent alterations in DNA, the DNA Damage Level Differential (DDLD) indices was developed for comet assaying of peripheral blood leukocytes. As expected, DDLD index was shown to be better correlated with age than any single quantitative measure reflecting certain type of DNA damage. A variability of effectiveness of various kinds of DNA repair in individual animals was larger than expected. This conclusion may have a substantial impact on subsequent studies of the mutagens and other kinds of environmental stressors in animal populations. Nor DDLD neither individual quantitative measures of DNA damage were capable of prediction post-sampling survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of RAS, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Vera Mezenceva
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of RAS, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Olga Shostal
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of RAS, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Ancha Baranova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Instituitsky per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia; School of Systems Biology, George Mason University (GMU), 4400 University drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG) of RAMS, 1 Moskvorechie str, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of RAS, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky ave., Syktyvkar 167001, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Instituitsky per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia; School of Systems Biology, George Mason University (GMU), 4400 University drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; The Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, 3 Gubkina street, Moscow, Russia.
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27
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Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH, Lindqvist D, Epel ES, Blackburn EH, Lin J, Reus VI, Burke H, Rosser R, Mahan L, Mackin S, Yang T, Weiner M, Mueller S. PBMC telomerase activity, but not leukocyte telomere length, correlates with hippocampal volume in major depression. Psychiatry Res 2015; 232:58-64. [PMID: 25773002 PMCID: PMC4404215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated cell aging, indexed in peripheral leukocytes by telomere shortness and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by telomerase activity, has been reported in several studies of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relevance of these peripheral measures for brain indices that are presumably more directly related to MDD pathophysiology is unknown. In this study, we explored the relationship between PBMC telomerase activity and leukocyte telomere length and magnetic resonance imaging-estimated hippocampal volume in un-medicated depressed individuals and healthy controls. We predicted that, to the extent peripheral and central telomerase activity are directly related, PBMC telomerase activity would be positively correlated with hippocampal volume, perhaps due to hippocampal telomerase-associated neurogenesis, neuroprotection or neurotrophic facilitation, and that this effect would be clearer in individuals with increased PBMC telomerase activity, as previously reported in un-medicated MDD. We did not have specific hypotheses regarding the relationship between leukocyte telomere length and hippocampal volume, due to conflicting reports in the published literature. We found, in 25 un-medicated MDD subjects, that PBMC telomerase activity was significantly positively correlated with hippocampal volume; this relationship was not observed in 18 healthy controls. Leukocyte telomere length was not significantly related to hippocampal volume in either group (19 unmedicated MDD subjects and 17 healthy controls). Although the nature of the relationship between peripheral telomerase activity and telomere length and the hippocampus is unclear, these preliminary data are consistent with the possibility that PBMC telomerase activity indexes, and may provide a novel window into, hippocampal neuroprotection and/or neurogenesis in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M. Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
,Corresponding author: Dept. of Psychiatry, UCSF School of Medicine, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0983, USA. Tel.: +1 (415) 476-7433; Fax: +1 (415) 502-2661;
| | - Synthia H. Mellon
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Endocrinology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor I. Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heather Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Mahan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Mackin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Weiner
- Department of Radiology, UCSF School of Medicine, and San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Department of Radiology, UCSF School of Medicine, and San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Aronica E, Baas F, Iyer A, ten Asbroek AL, Morello G, Cavallaro S. Molecular classification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by unsupervised clustering of gene expression in motor cortex. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 74:359-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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29
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Forsberg K, Aalling N, Wörtwein G, Loft S, Møller P, Hau J, Hageman I, Jørgensen MB, Jørgensen A. Dynamic regulation of cerebral DNA repair genes by psychological stress. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 778:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Herrup K, Chen J, Li J, Plummer MR. Ataxia-Telangiectasia and the Biology of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM). Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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31
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Altered expression of genes associated with telomere maintenance and cell function of human vascular endothelial cell at elevated temperature. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 397:305-12. [PMID: 25142166 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological alterations of vascular endothelial cells induced by heat were studied. Human umbilical venous endothelial cells were cultured for 1 day at three different temperatures (37, 39, and 42 °C). The telomere lengths, the expressions of proteins associated with telomere length maintenance, apoptosis, heat shock, and vascular function were analyzed. The cell growth was not suppressed at 39 °C but suppressed at 42 °C. The mean telomere length did not change, whereas the telomere length distribution altered at 42 °C. Long telomere decreased and middle-sized telomere increased in the telomere length distribution at 42 °C. The telomerase activity did not show any heat-associated alterations. However, of the components of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase was up-regulated along temperature elevation. In contrast, the expression level of RNA component TERC did not altered. Among the analyzed apoptosis-associated proteins, p21 was down-regulated and phosphorylated p53 was up-regulated. Heat shock proteins and NO synthase were up-regulated at 42 °C. These results suggested that induced growth suppression or cell senescence was induced by strong heat stress rather than mild one predominantly in cells bearing long telomeres with p53 activation, and simultaneously activated some telomere-associated factors, heat shock proteins, and NO synthesis probably for heat-resistant cell survival.
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Abstract
Genome stability is essential for neural development and the prevention of neurological disease. Here we determined how DNA damage signaling from dysfunctional telomeres affects neurogenesis. We found that telomere uncapping by Pot1a inactivation resulted in an Atm-dependent loss of cerebellar interneurons and granule neuron precursors in the mouse nervous system. The activation of Atm by Pot1a loss occurred in an Atr-dependent manner, revealing an Atr to Atm signaling axis in the nervous system after telomere dysfunction. In contrast to telomere lesions, Brca2 inactivation in neural progenitors also led to ablation of cerebellar interneurons, but this did not require Atm. These data reveal that neural cell loss after DNA damage selectively engages Atm signaling, highlighting how specific DNA lesions can dictate neuropathology arising in human neurodegenerative syndromes.
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Asok A, Bernard K, Rosen JB, Dozier M, Roth TL. Infant-caregiver experiences alter telomere length in the brain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101437. [PMID: 24983884 PMCID: PMC4077840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following adverse childhood experiences, high quality maternal care can protect against accelerated telomere shortening in peripheral cells. It is less clear, however, how telomere length in the brain is influenced by early caregiving experiences. Using rats, we investigated if quality of care (i.e., aversive or nurturing care outside of the homecage) during the first seven days of postnatal (PN) life affected telomere length in the adult brain (PN90) of male and female rats. At PN90, we found that nurturing care outside of the homecage was associated with longer telomeres in the medial prefrontal cortex relative to nurturing care inside the homecage (i.e., normal maternal care) and aversive care outside of the homecage. Further, pups exposed to aversive care outside of the homecage demonstrated longer telomeres in the amygdala relative to pups exposed to nurturing care inside the homecage. These effects were specific to females. No differences in telomere length between caregiving conditions were observed in the ventral hippocampus. Thus, positive and negative early-life experiences result in long-term, sex-specific changes of telomeres in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Asok
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Kristin Bernard
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Rosen
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Mary Dozier
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Tania L. Roth
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Newark, DE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tedone E, Arosio B, Gussago C, Casati M, Ferri E, Ogliari G, Ronchetti F, Porta A, Massariello F, Nicolini P, Mari D. Leukocyte telomere length and prevalence of age-related diseases in semisupercentenarians, centenarians and centenarians' offspring. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:90-5. [PMID: 24975295 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Centenarians and their offspring are increasingly considered a useful model to study and characterize the mechanisms underlying healthy aging and longevity. The aim of this project is to compare the prevalence of age-related diseases and telomere length (TL), a marker of biological age and mortality, across five groups of subjects: semisupercentenarians (SSCENT) (105-109years old), centenarians (CENT) (100-104years old), centenarians' offspring (CO), age- and gender-matched offspring of parents who both died at an age in line with life expectancy (CT) and age- and gender-matched offspring of both non-long-lived parents (NLO). Information was collected on lifestyle, past and current diseases, medical history and medication use. SSCENT displayed a lower prevalence of acute myocardial infarction (p=0.027), angina (p=0.016) and depression (p=0.021) relative to CENT. CO appeared to be healthier compared to CT who, in turn, displayed a lower prevalence of both arrhythmia (p=0.034) and hypertension (p=0.046) than NLO, characterized by the lowest parental longevity. Interestingly, CO and SSCENT exhibited the longest (p<0.001) and the shortest (p<0.001) telomeres respectively while CENT showed no difference in TL compared to the younger CT and NLO. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that the longevity of parents may influence the health status of their offspring. Moreover, our data also suggest that both CENT and their offspring may be characterized by a better TL maintenance which, in turn, may contribute to their longevity and healthy aging. The observation that SSCENT showed considerable shorter telomeres compared to CENT may suggest a progressive impairment of TL maintenance mechanisms over the transition from centenarian to semisupercentenarian age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Tedone
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Fondazione CaGranda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gussago
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Casati
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione CaGranda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ogliari
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ronchetti
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Porta
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Massariello
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Nicolini
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione CaGranda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Fondazione CaGranda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
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35
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Zhang L, Hu XZ, Li X, Li H, Smerin S, Russell D, Ursano RJ. Telomere length - a cellular aging marker for depression and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:182-5. [PMID: 24875221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres play a central role in cell fate and aging by adjusting the cellular response to both biological and psychological stress. Human telomeres are regions of tandem TTAGGG repeats at chromosomal ends that protect chromosomes from degradation, fusion, and recombination. They are made up of approximately 1000-2500 copies of the repeated DNA sequence. Over time, at each cell division, the telomere ends become shorter. Thus, telomere length (TL) has been considered a cellular marker for age-related diseases. In addition to biochemical stressors such as oxidation and inflammation, psychosocial traumatic stress has also been linked to shorter telomeres. TL is significantly inversely correlated with long-term depression, even after controlling for age. Average TL in depressed subjects, who were above the median of lifetime depression, was 281 base pairs shorter than that in controls, corresponding to approximately 7years of accelerated cell aging. Several recent studies have also demonstrated an inverse relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and the risk of PTSD. TL was inversely correlated with the duration of caregiving and PTSD. Here, we focus on the discussion of findings in studies of the relationships between stress-related disorders (e.g., depression and PTSD) and telomeres. We also present direct evidence that TL is associated with traumatic stress, depression, and PTSD, and hypothesize that traumatic stress affects not only mental disorders but also cellular aging. The nature of this relationship between stress and TL warrants further evaluation in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA.
| | - Xian-Zhang Hu
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - He Li
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Stanley Smerin
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Dale Russell
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
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Sadahiro R, Suzuki A, Enokido M, Matsumoto Y, Shibuya N, Kamata M, Goto K, Otani K. Relationship between leukocyte telomere length and personality traits in healthy subjects. Eur Psychiatry 2014; 30:291-5. [PMID: 24768472 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that certain personality traits are related to mortality and disease morbidity, but the biological mechanism linking them remains unclear. Telomeres are tandem repeat DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes, and shorter telomere length is a predictor of mortality and late-life disease morbidity. Thus, it is possible that personality traits influence telomere length. In the present study, we examined the relationship of leukocyte telomere length with personality traits in healthy subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects were 209 unrelated healthy Japanese who were recruited from medical students at 4th-5th grade. Assessment of personality traits was performed by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Leukocyte relative telomere length was determined by a quantitative real-time PCR method for a ratio of telomere/single copy gene. RESULTS In the stepwise multiple regression analysis, shorter telomere length was related to lower scores of neuroticism (P<0.01) and conscientiousness (P<0.05) of the NEO-PI-R, and lower scores of harm avoidance (P<0.05) and reward dependence (P<0.05) of the TCI. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that leukocyte telomere length is associated with some personality traits, and this association may be implicated in the relationship between personality traits and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadahiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - M Enokido
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - N Shibuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - M Kamata
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - K Goto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - K Otani
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Shawi M, Chu TW, Martinez-Marignac V, Yu Y, Gryaznov SM, Johnston JB, Lees-Miller SP, Assouline SE, Autexier C, Aloyz R. Telomerase contributes to fludarabine resistance in primary human leukemic lymphocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70428. [PMID: 23922990 PMCID: PMC3726637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that Imetelstat, a telomerase inhibitor that binds to the RNA component of telomerase (hTR), can sensitize primary CLL lymphocytes to fludarabine in vitro. This effect was observed in lymphocytes from clinically resistant cases and with cytogenetic abnormalities associated with bad prognosis. Imetelstat mediated-sensitization to fludarabine was not associated with telomerase activity, but with the basal expression of Ku80. Since both Imetelstat and Ku80 bind hTR, we assessed 1) if Ku80 and Imetelstat alter each other's binding to hTR in vitro and 2) the effect of an oligonucleotide complementary to the Ku binding site in hTR (Ku oligo) on the survival of primary CLL lymphocytes exposed to fludarabine. We show that Imetelstat interferes with the binding of Ku70/80 (Ku) to hTR and that the Ku oligo can sensitize CLL lymphocytes to FLU. Our results suggest that Ku binding to hTR may contribute to fludarabine resistance in CLL lmphocytes. This is the first report highlighting the potentially broad effectiveness of Imetelstat in CLL, and the potential biological and clinical implications of a functional interaction between Ku and hTR in primary human cancer cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Catalytic Domain/drug effects
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA Helicases/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Activation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Ku Autoantigen
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives
- Niacinamide/pharmacology
- Oligonucleotides
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Telomerase/chemistry
- Telomerase/genetics
- Telomerase/metabolism
- Vidarabine/analogs & derivatives
- Vidarabine/pharmacology
- Vidarabine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- May Shawi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Bloomfield Centre for Research in Ageing, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tsz Wai Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Bloomfield Centre for Research in Ageing, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Veronica Martinez-Marignac
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research & Cancer Segal Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Y. Yu
- University of Calgary, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - James B. Johnston
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Susan P. Lees-Miller
- University of Calgary, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarit E. Assouline
- Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research & Cancer Segal Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Autexier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Bloomfield Centre for Research in Ageing, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raquel Aloyz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research & Cancer Segal Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Jorgensen A, Krogh J, Miskowiak K, Bolwig TG, Kessing LV, Fink-Jensen A, Nordentoft M, Henriksen T, Weimann A, Poulsen HE, Jorgensen MB. Systemic oxidatively generated DNA/RNA damage in clinical depression: associations to symptom severity and response to electroconvulsive therapy. J Affect Disord 2013; 149:355-62. [PMID: 23497793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has been associated with increased oxidative stress and hypothesized to accelerate aging. Nucleic acid damage from oxidation is a critical part of the aging process, and a suggested early event in age-related somatic morbidities that are also prevalent in depression, such as dementia and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that increased severity of depression is associated with increased systemic oxidatively generated DNA and RNA damage, and that this increase is attenuated by an effective antidepressant treatment. METHODS The urinary excretion of markers of systemic oxidatively generated DNA and RNA damage, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), respectively, were determined in healthy controls (N=28), moderately depressed, non-medicated patients (N=26) and severely depressed patients eligible for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (N=29). In the severely depressed patient group, samples were also obtained 1 week after the completion of ECT. RESULTS Systemic RNA damage from oxidation, as measured by 8-oxoGuo excretion, was higher with increasing severity of depression (controls<moderately depressed<severely depressed) (P for trend=0.004). The 8-oxoGuo excretion was further increased after clinically effective ECT compared with pre-ECT values (P=0.006). There were no differences in 8-oxodG excretion between the groups or pre- vs. post-ECT. LIMITATIONS Small sample size and the inclusion of both unipolar and bipolar patients in the severely depressed group. CONCLUSIONS Severe depression is associated with increased systemic oxidatively generated RNA damage, which may be an additional factor underlying the somatic morbidity and neurodegenerative features associated with depression. Due to the lack of normalization by clinically effective ECT, the phenomenon does not appear to be causally linked to the depressive state per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Dreesen O, Ong PF, Chojnowski A, Colman A. The contrasting roles of lamin B1 in cellular aging and human disease. Nucleus 2013; 4:283-90. [PMID: 23873483 PMCID: PMC3810336 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.25808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina underlies the inner nuclear membrane and consists of a proteinaceous meshwork of intermediate filaments: the A- and B-type lamins. Mutations in LMNA (encoding lamin A and C) give rise to a variety of human diseases including muscular dystrophies, cardiomyopathies and the premature aging syndrome progeria (HGPS). Duplication of the LMNB1 locus, leading to elevated levels of lamin B1, causes adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD), a rare genetic disease that leads to demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Conversely, reduced levels of lamin B1 have been observed in HGPS patient derived fibroblasts, as well as fibroblasts and keratinocytes undergoing replicative senescence, suggesting that the regulation of lamin B1 is important for cellular physiology and disease. However, the causal relationship between low levels of lamin B1 and cellular senescence and its relevance in vivo remain unclear. How do elevated levels of lamin B1 cause disease and why is the CNS particularly susceptible to lamin B1 fluctuations? Here we summarize recent findings as to how perturbations of lamin B1 affect cellular physiology and discuss the implications this has on senescence, HGPS and ADLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dreesen
- Stem Cell Disease Models; Institute of Medical Biology; Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peh Fern Ong
- Stem Cell Disease Models; Institute of Medical Biology; Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexandre Chojnowski
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Institute of Medical Biology; Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Colman
- Stem Cell Disease Models; Institute of Medical Biology; Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Maeda T, Guan JZ, Koyanagi M, Makino N. Alterations in the telomere length distribution and the subtelomeric methylation status in human vascular endothelial cells under elevated temperature in culture condition. Aging Clin Exp Res 2013; 25:231-8. [PMID: 23740586 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-associated alteration in the telomere lengths of vascular endothelial cells has not been well investigated. Telomere length of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured at a high temperature (42 °C) was analyzed. Here described are heat-associated phenotypical alterations of human vascular endothelial cell under prolonged heat stress in terms of telomere length, telomerase activity, and the expression of telomere associated proteins and heat shock proteins. The genomic DNA extracted from HUVECs cultured for 3 days under 42 °C was digested with methylation-sensitive and -insensitive isoschizomers and was subjected to genomic Southern blot probed with a telomere DNA fragment. Their telomere lengths and telomere length distributions were analyzed. Telomerase activity and the expressions of telomere-associated RNA, telomere-associated proteins (TERC, TERT, TRF1, and TRF2), and heat shock proteins (Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90) were also analyzed. At 42 °C, cell growth was suppressed and the cell senescence rate was transiently elevated. A proportional decrease in the number of long telomeres was observed transiently at 42 °C. A trend of subtelomeric hypomethylation and lowered telomerase activity were observed at 42 °C after 3-day culture. The altered phenotypes on day 1 seemed reactive responses for cell protection to heat, and those on day 3 seemed exhausted reactions after 3-day culture. Maintained expression was observed in Hsps, TRF2, and TERC. These altered phenotypes might contribute to cell-survival under prolonged heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- The Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Geriatric Disease, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita, 874-0838, Japan.
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Begum N, Wang B, Mori M, Vares G. Does ionizing radiation influence Alzheimer's disease risk? JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2012; 53:815-22. [PMID: 22872779 PMCID: PMC3483841 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a human neurodegenerative disease, and its global prevalence is predicted to increase dramatically in the following decades. There is mounting evidence describing the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on the brain, suggesting that exposure to IR might ultimately favor the development of AD. Therefore better understanding the possible connections between exposure to IR and AD pathogenesis is of utmost importance. In this review, recent developments in the research on the biological and cognitive effects of IR in the brain will be explored. Because AD is largely an age-related pathology, the effects of IR on ageing will be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Begum
- Center for Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital Campus, GPO Box No. 35, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Guillaume Vares
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Corresponding author. Tel: +81-(0)43-206-4730;
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Maeda T, Guan JZ, Koyanagi M, Makino N. Telomerase activity and telomere length distribution in vascular endothelial cells in a short-term culture under the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 13:774-82. [PMID: 22985061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the biological effects of oxidative stress on human vascular endothelial cells. METHODS The telomeric changes and the alterations of the expression of telomere-associated proteins in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) were analyzed. RESULTS During the culture, the cell growth rate decreased, whereas the telomerase activity of the surviving cells increased. As the H2 O2 level increased, long telomeres decreased proportionally, thus resulting in a telomere length distribution that was rich in short telomeres. These observations suggested that H2 O2 -affected endothelial cells bear telomeric features similar to those of aged cells. In contrast, the expression of telomere-associated proteins, TRF1 and TRF2, showed different changes. TRF1 increased in relation to H2 O2 concentration, whereas TRF2 showed no significant change. The surviving cells exposed to H2 O2 showed a H2 O2 -dose dependent increase in telomerase activity, whereas the telomere protein and RNA components were only elevated in low concentrations of H2 O2 . CONCLUSIONS The increase in telomerase activity and TRF1 protein expression of vascular endothelial cell might show an aspect of cellular protective reaction against oxygen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Geriatric Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita, Japan.
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43
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Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH, Epel ES, Lin J, Reus VI, Rosser R, Burke H, Compagnone M, Nelson JC, Dhabhar FS, Blackburn EH. Resting leukocyte telomerase activity is elevated in major depression and predicts treatment response. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:164-72. [PMID: 21242992 PMCID: PMC3130817 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that cap linear DNA strands, protecting DNA from damage. When telomeres critically shorten, cells become susceptible to senescence and apoptosis. Telomerase, a cellular ribonucleoprotein enzyme, rebuilds the length of telomeres and promotes cellular viability. Leukocyte telomeres are reportedly shortened in major depression, but telomerase activity in depression has not been previously reported. Further, there are no published reports of the effects of antidepressants on telomerase activity or on the relationship between telomerase activity and antidepressant response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) telomerase activity was assessed in 20 medication-free depressed individuals and 18 controls. In total, 16 of the depressed individuals were then treated with sertraline in an open-label manner for 8 weeks, and PBMC telomerase activity was reassessed in 15 of these individuals after treatment. Pre- and post-treatment symptom severity was rated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. All analyses were corrected for age and sex. Pre-treatment telomerase activity was significantly elevated in the depressed individuals compared with the controls (P=0.007) and was directly correlated with depression ratings (P<0.05) across all subjects. In the depressed group, individuals with relatively lower pre-treatment telomerase activity and with relatively greater increase in telomerase activity during treatment, showed superior antidepressant responses (P<0.05 and P<0.005, respectively). This is the first report characterizing telomerase activity in depressed individuals. PBMC telomerase activity might reflect a novel aspect of depressive pathophysiology and might represent a novel biomarker of antidepressant responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- OM Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - SH Mellon
- Department of OB-GYN and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - ES Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Psychology Program, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - VI Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Rosser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H Burke
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Psychology Program, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Compagnone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - JC Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - FS Dhabhar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - EH Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Tamura T, Sone M, Iwatsubo T, Tagawa K, Wanker EE, Okazawa H. Ku70 alleviates neurodegeneration in Drosophila models of Huntington's disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27408. [PMID: 22096569 PMCID: PMC3210167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage accumulates in genome DNA during the long life of neurons, thus DNA damage repair is indispensable to keep normal functions of neurons. We previously reported that Ku70, a critical molecule for DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, is involved in the pathology of Huntington's disease (HD). Mutant huntingtin (Htt) impaired Ku70 function via direct interaction, and Ku70 supplementation recovered phenotypes of a mouse HD model. In this study, we generate multiple Drosophila HD models that express mutant huntingtin (Htt) in eye or motor neuron by different drivers and show various phenotypes. In such fly models, Ku70 co-expression recovers lifespan, locomotive activity and eye degeneration. In contrast, Ku70 reduction by heterozygous null mutation or siRNA-mediated knock down accelerates lifespan shortening and locomotion disability. These results collectively support that Ku70 is a critical mediator of the HD pathology and a candidate therapeutic target in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tamura
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sone
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erich E. Wanker
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Baltanás FC, Casafont I, Lafarga V, Weruaga E, Alonso JR, Berciano MT, Lafarga M. Purkinje cell degeneration in pcd mice reveals large scale chromatin reorganization and gene silencing linked to defective DNA repair. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:28287-302. [PMID: 21700704 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.246041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair protects neurons against spontaneous or disease-associated DNA damage. Dysfunctions of this mechanism underlie a growing list of neurodegenerative disorders. The Purkinje cell (PC) degeneration mutation causes the loss of nna1 expression and is associated with the postnatal degeneration of PCs. This PC degeneration dramatically affects nuclear architecture and provides an excellent model to elucidate the nuclear mechanisms involved in a whole array of neurodegenerative disorders. We used immunocytochemistry for histone variants and components of the DNA damage response, an in situ transcription assay, and in situ hybridization for telomeres to analyze changes in chromatin architecture and function. We demonstrate that the phosphorylation of H2AX, a DNA damage signal, and the trimethylation of the histone H4K20, a repressive mark, in extensive domains of genome are epigenetic hallmarks of chromatin in degenerating PCs. These histone modifications are associated with a large scale reorganization of chromatin, telomere clustering, and heterochromatin-induced gene silencing, all of them key factors in PC degeneration. Furthermore, ataxia telangiectasia mutated and 53BP1, two components of the DNA repair pathway, fail to be concentrated in the damaged chromatin compartments, even though the expression levels of their coding genes were slightly up-regulated. Although the mechanism by which Nna1 loss of function leads to PC neurodegeneration is undefined, the progressive accumulation of DNA damage in chromosome territories irreversibly compromises global gene transcription and seems to trigger PC degeneration and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Baltanás
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Jeste DV, Wolkowitz OM, Palmer BW. Divergent trajectories of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aging in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2011; 37:451-5. [PMID: 21505111 PMCID: PMC3080682 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is not a uniform process. In the general population, there is a paradox of aging: age-associated decline in physical and some cognitive functions stands in contrast to an enhancement of subjective quality of life and psychosocial functioning. This paradox is even more striking in people with schizophrenia. Compared with the overall population, individuals with schizophrenia have accelerated physical aging (with increased and premature medical comorbidity and mortality) but a normal rate of cognitive aging, although with mild cognitive impairment starting from premorbid period and persisting throughout life. Remarkably, psychosocial function improves with age, with diminished psychotic symptoms, reduced psychiatric relapses requiring hospitalization and better self-management. Many older adults with schizophrenia successfully adapt to the illness, with increased use of positive coping techniques, enhanced self-esteem and increased social support. Although complete remission is uncommon, most individuals with schizophrenia experience significant improvement in their quality of well-being. Cohort effect and survivor bias may provide a partial explanation for this phenomenon. However, the improvement also may reflect some brain changes that are beneficial for the course of schizophrenia along with neuroplasticity of aging. The proposed hypothesis has several implications. As significant medical morbidity in schizophrenia takes years to develop, studies of changes in sensitive biomarkers of aging during the course of illness may point to new treatments aimed at normalizing the rate of biological aging in schizophrenia. At the same time, effective psychotherapeutic interventions can affect brain structure and function and produce lasting positive behavioral changes in aging adults with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip V. Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry and Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Estelle and Edgar Levi Chair in Aging, Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0664, La Jolla, CA 92093, US; tel: (858)-534-4020, fax: (858)-543-5475, e-mail:
| | - Owen M. Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Barton W. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA
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Chiu WT, Shen SC, Yang LY, Chow JM, Wu CY, Chen YC. Inhibition of HSP90-dependent telomerase activity in amyloid β-induced apoptosis of cerebral endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2041-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH, Epel ES, Lin J, Dhabhar FS, Su Y, Reus VI, Rosser R, Burke HM, Kupferman E, Compagnone M, Nelson JC, Blackburn EH. Leukocyte telomere length in major depression: correlations with chronicity, inflammation and oxidative stress--preliminary findings. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17837. [PMID: 21448457 PMCID: PMC3063175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with an unusually high rate of aging-related illnesses and early mortality. One aspect of "accelerated aging" in depression may be shortened leukocyte telomeres. When telomeres critically shorten, as often occurs with repeated mitoses or in response to oxidation and inflammation, cells may die. Indeed, leukocyte telomere shortening predicts early mortality and medical illnesses in non-depressed populations. We sought to determine if leukocyte telomeres are shortened in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), whether this is a function of lifetime depression exposure and whether this is related to putative mediators, oxidation and inflammation. METHODOLOGY Leukocyte telomere length was compared between 18 unmedicated MDD subjects and 17 controls and was correlated with lifetime depression chronicity and peripheral markers of oxidation (F2-isoprostane/Vitamin C ratio) and inflammation (IL-6). Analyses were controlled for age and sex. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The depressed group, as a whole, did not differ from the controls in telomere length. However, telomere length was significantly inversely correlated with lifetime depression exposure, even after controlling for age (p<0.05). Average telomere length in the depressed subjects who were above the median of lifetime depression exposure (≥9.2 years' cumulative duration) was 281 base pairs shorter than that in controls (p<0.05), corresponding to approximately seven years of "accelerated cell aging." Telomere length was inversely correlated with oxidative stress in the depressed subjects (p<0.01) and in the controls (p<0.05) and with inflammation in the depressed subjects (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data indicate that accelerated aging at the level of leukocyte telomeres is proportional to lifetime exposure to MDD. This might be related to cumulative exposure to oxidative stress and inflammation in MDD. This suggest that telomere shortening does not antedate depression and is not an intrinsic feature. Rather, telomere shortening may progress in proportion to lifetime depression exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
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Impact of cellular senescence signature on ageing research. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:146-52. [PMID: 20946972 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence as the state of permanent inhibition of cell proliferation is a tumour-suppressive mechanism. However, due to the associated secretory phenotype senescence can also contribute to cancer and possibly other age-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. There are two major mechanisms of cellular senescence; replicative senescence depends on telomere erosion or dysfunction whilst stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) is telomere-independent and also includes oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). The senescence phenotype is characterised by altered cellular morphology, increased activity for senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-GAL), increased formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (PML NBs), permanent DNA damage, chromosomal instability and an inflammatory secretome. Some of these markers have been identified in cells from age-related pathologies. However, to improve our understanding of the contribution of cellular senescence to organismal ageing and age-related disease, it is imperative to define an unequivocal signature of cellular senescence that is functionally connected with normal and pathological ageing. Herein, we describe the processes leading to senescence, and the current biomarkers of cellular senescence, with particular emphasis on the causal role of DNA damage responses involved in the process. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge both of the processes leading to senescence, and the signature of cellular senescence both in vitro and in vivo. A well-defined set of senescence biomarkers for ageing and age-related disease would have a strong impact on the diagnosis, staging and predicted outcomes of age-related disease, providing the basis for a pharmacological intervention to postpone ageing and age-related disease.
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Zee RYL, Castonguay AJ, Barton NS, Ridker PM. Relative leukocyte telomere length and risk of incident ischemic stroke in men: a prospective, nested case-control approach. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13:411-4. [PMID: 20426626 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2009.0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data have implicated telomere-length shortening as potential risk predictor for vascular diseases, including stroke. However, to date, prospective epidemiological data are scarce in relation to ischemic stroke risk. Using leukocyte DNA samples collected at baseline in a prospective cohort of 14,916 initially healthy American men, we examined the relationship of leukocyte telomere repeat copy number to single gene copy number (TSR), using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction protocol, amongst 259 white males who subsequently developed an ischemic stroke and amongst an equal number of age- and smoking-matched white males who remained free of reported vascular disease during follow up (controls). The observed TSRs were inversely correlated with age in the controls (p < 0.0001). However, the observed TSRs were similar between cases and controls (p = 0.92). In a multivariable adjusted analysis, no evidence was found for an association of the TSRs with ischemic stroke risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.100, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.506-2.392, p = 0.811). The present investigation has shown no evidence for an association of relative leukocyte telomere length with risk of incident ischemic stroke. More importantly, our present findings require replication/confirmation in future large, prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y L Zee
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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