1
|
Zhou GQ, Huang MJ, Yu X, Zhang NN, Tao S, Zhang M. Early life adverse exposures in irritable bowel syndrome: new insights and opportunities. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1241801. [PMID: 37732013 PMCID: PMC10507713 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1241801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. Extensive research has identified multiple factors contributing to its development, including genetic predisposition, chronic infection, gut dysbiosis, aberrant serotonin metabolism, and brain dysfunction. Recent studies have emphasized the critical role of the early life stage as a susceptibility window for IBS. Current evidence suggests that diet can heighten the risk of IBS in offspring by influencing the microbiota composition, intestinal epithelium structure, gene expression, and brain-gut axis. The use of antibiotics during pregnancy and the neonatal period disrupts the normal gut microbiota structure, aligning it with the characteristics observed in IBS patients. Additionally, early life stress impacts susceptibility to IBS by modulating TLR4, NK1, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis while compromising the offspring's immune system. Formula feeding facilitates the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines, concurrently reducing the presence of probiotics. This disruption of the Th1 and Th2 cell balance in the immune system weakens the intestinal epithelial barrier. Furthermore, studies suggest that delivery mode influences the occurrence of IBS by altering the composition of gut microbes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing evidence regarding the impact of adverse early life exposures on IBS during pregnancy, intrapartum, and neonatal period. By consolidating this knowledge, the review enhances our understanding of the direct and indirect mechanisms underlying early life-related IBS and offers new insights and research directions from childhood to adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ming Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Hu C, Yan C, Tao E, Zhu Z, Shu X, Guo R, Jiang M. Maternal separation leads to dynamic changes of visceral hypersensitivity and fecal metabolomics from childhood to adulthood. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7670. [PMID: 37169847 PMCID: PMC10175246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed dynamic changes in visceral hypersensitivity and fecal metabolomics through a mouse model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from childhood to adulthood. A mouse model of IBS was constructed with maternal separation (MS) in early life. Male mice aged 25, 40, and 70 days were used. Visceral sensitivity was assessed by recording the reaction between the abdominal withdrawal reflex and colorectal distension. Metabolomics was identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The visceral sensitivity of the MS group was significantly higher than that of the non-separation (NS) group in the three age groups. The top four fecal differential metabolites in the different age groups were lipids, lipid molecules, organic heterocyclic compounds, organic acids and derivatives, and benzenoids. Five identical differential metabolites were detected in the feces and ileal contents of the MS and NS groups at different ages, namely, benzamide, taurine, acetyl-L-carnitine, indole, and ethylbenzene. Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were the most relevant pathways at P25, whereas histidine metabolism was the most relevant pathway at P40 and P70. Visceral hypersensitivity in the MS group lasted from childhood to adulthood. The different metabolites and metabolic pathways detected in MS groups of different ages provide a theoretical basis for IBS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- Pediatric Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiashan, 314100, China
| | - Chenmin Hu
- Pediatric Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Chenxi Yan
- Pediatric Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Enfu Tao
- Pediatric Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Zhenya Zhu
- Pediatric Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Xiaoli Shu
- Pediatric Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Pediatric Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Mizu Jiang
- Pediatric Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Understanding the Connection between Gut Homeostasis and Psychological Stress. J Nutr 2023; 153:924-939. [PMID: 36806451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to adverse life events that provoke acute or chronic psychological stress (hereinafter "stress") can negatively affect physical health and even increase susceptibility to psychological illnesses, such as anxiety and depression. As a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) released from the hypothalamus is primarily responsible for the stress response. Typically, CRF disrupts the gastrointestinal system and leads to gut microbiota dysbiosis, thereby increasing risk of functional gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Furthermore, CRF increases oxidative damage to the colon and triggers immune responses involving mast cells, neutrophils, and monocytes. CRF even affects the differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), causing enterochromaffin cells to secrete excessive amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Therefore, stress is often accompanied by damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier function, followed by increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. There are multi-network interactions between the gut microbiota and stress, and gut microbiota may relieve the effects of stress on the body. Dietary intake of probiotics can provide energy for ISCs through glycolysis, thereby alleviating the disruption to homeostasis caused by stress, and it significantly bolsters the intestinal barrier, alleviates intestinal inflammation, and maintains endocrine homeostasis. Gut microbiota also directly affect the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as CRF, 5-HT, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Moreover, the Mediterranean diet enhances the stress resistance to some extent by regulating the intestinal flora. This article reviews recent research on how stress damages the gut and microbiota, how the gut microbiota can improve gut health by modulating injury due to stress, and how the diet relieves stress injury by interfering with intestinal microflora. This review gives insight into the potential role of the gut and its microbiota in relieving the effects of stress via the gut-brain axis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Werthman EH, Colloca L, Oswald LM. Adverse childhood experiences and burn pain: a review of biopsychosocial mechanisms that may influence healing. Pain Rep 2022; 7:e1013. [PMID: 38304399 PMCID: PMC10833651 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect over half of the adults in the United States and are known to contribute to the development of a wide variety of negative health and behavioral outcomes. The consequences of ACE exposure have been studied in patient populations that include individuals with gynecologic, orthopedic, metabolic, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal conditions among others. Findings indicate that ACEs not only increase risks for chronic pain but also influence emotional responses to pain in many of these individuals. A growing body of research suggests that these effects may be the result of long-lasting changes induced by ACEs in neurobiological systems during early development. However, one area that is still largely unexplored concerns the effects of ACEs on burn patients, who account for almost 450,000 hospitalizations in the United States annually. Patients with severe burns frequently suffer from persistent pain that affects their well-being long after the acute injury, but considerable variability has been observed in the experience of pain across individuals. A literature search was conducted in CINAHL and PubMed to evaluate the possibility that previously documented ACE-induced changes in biological, psychological, and social processes might contribute to these differences. Findings suggest that better understanding of the role that ACEs play in burn outcomes could lead to improved treatment strategies, but further empirical research is needed to identify the predictors and mechanisms that dictate individual differences in pain outcomes in patients with ACE exposure and to clarify the role that ACE-related alterations play in early healing and recovery from burn injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Werthman
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, The Johns Hopkins Burn Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luana Colloca
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research (CACPR), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lynn M. Oswald
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Melchior M, Kuhn P, Poisbeau P. The burden of early life stress on the nociceptive system development and pain responses. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2216-2241. [PMID: 33615576 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, the capacity of the newborn infant to feel pain was denied. Today it is clear that the nociceptive system, even if still immature, is functional enough in the newborn infant to elicit pain responses. Unfortunately, pain is often present in the neonatal period, in particular in the case of premature infants which are subjected to a high number of painful procedures during care. These are accompanied by a variety of environmental stressors, which could impact the maturation of the nociceptive system. Therefore, the question of the long-term consequences of early life stress is a critical question. Early stressful experience, both painful and non-painful, can imprint the nociceptive system and induce long-term alteration in brain function and nociceptive behavior, often leading to an increase sensitivity and higher susceptibility to chronic pain. Different animal models have been developed to understand the mechanisms underlying the long-term effects of different early life stressful procedures, including pain and maternal separation. This review will focus on the clinical and preclinical data about early life stress and its consequence on the nociceptive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meggane Melchior
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Kuhn
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Médecine et Réanimation du Nouveau-né, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierrick Poisbeau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gazzo G, Melchior M, Caussaint A, Gieré C, Lelièvre V, Poisbeau P. Overexpression of chloride importer NKCC1 contributes to the sensory-affective and sociability phenotype of rats following neonatal maternal separation. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 92:193-202. [PMID: 33316378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress is known to affect the development of the nervous system and its function at a later age. It increases the risk to develop psychiatric disorders as well as chronic pain and its associated affective comorbidities across the lifespan. GABAergic inhibition is important for the regulation of central function and related behaviors, including nociception, anxiety or social interactions, and requires low intracellular chloride levels. Of particular interest, the oxytocinergic (OTergic) system exerts potent anxiolytic, analgesic and pro-social properties and is known to be involved in the regulation of chloride homeostasis and to be impaired following early life stress. METHODS We used behavioral measures to evaluate anxiety, social interactions and pain responses in a rat model of neonatal maternal separation (NMS). Using quantitative PCR, we investigated whether NMS was associated with alterations in the expression of chloride transporters in the cerebrum and spinal cord. Finally, we evaluated the contribution of OTergic signaling and neuro-inflammatory processes in the observed phenotype. RESULTS NMS animals displayed a long-lasting upregulation of chloride importer Na-K-Cl cotransporter type 1 (NKCC1) expression in the cerebrum and spinal cord. Neonatal administration of the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide or oxytocin successfully normalized the anxiety-like symptoms and the lack of social preference observed in NMS animals. Phenotypic alterations were associated with a pro-inflammatory state which could contribute to NKCC1 upregulation. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that an impaired chloride homeostasis, linked to oxytocin signaling dysfunction and to neuro-inflammatory processes, could contribute to the sensori-affective phenotype following NMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Gazzo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Meggane Melchior
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andréa Caussaint
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Clémence Gieré
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Lelièvre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierrick Poisbeau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cojocariu RO, Balmus IM, Lefter R, Hritcu L, Ababei DC, Ciobica A, Copaci S, Mot SEL, Copolovici L, Copolovici DM, Jurcoane S. Camelina sativa Methanolic and Ethanolic Extract Potential in Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Memory Deficits, and Affective Impairments in Stress Exposure-Based Irritable Bowel Syndrome Mouse Models. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9510305. [PMID: 33425222 PMCID: PMC7775143 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9510305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Camelina sativa is mainly used as an oilseed crop; its edible oil is being also used as a traditional home remedy for the treatment of ulcers, wounds, and eye inflammations, due to the antioxidant activities. In the present study, the chemically characterized alcoholic extracts of Camelina sativa var. Madalina defatted seeds (5 g/kg body weight p.o., suspended in CMC-Na 0.1%) were administered to stress-induced animal models of irritable bowel syndrome (based on combinations of contention stress and multifactorial stress and maternal stress) and evaluated for the behavioural (short-term memory by the Y maze test, the anxious behaviour using the elevated plus maze test, and the antidepressant effect using the forced swimming test) and brain and bowel tissue oxidative status (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes activities and malondialdehyde and total soluble protein levels) improving effects. According to the chemical characterization, the extracts were rich in sinapine, glucosinolates, and flavonol glycosides. Moreover, this study showed the beneficial effects of Camelina sativa seed methanolic and ethanolic extracts on the behaviour and brain and bowel tissues oxidative stress status of stress exposure-based IBS mouse models. Despite the slight differences in the chemical composition of the methanolic and ethanolic extracts, the results suggested that the Camelina sativa extracts could reverse the short-term memory impairments caused by stress exposure and also could decrease the intensity and frequency of the anxiety and depressive-like behaviours observed in the stress-exposed animal models of IBS. Furthermore, the Camelina sativa extracts showed a significant effect on the oxidative stress markers in the brain and bowel tissues of the studied animal model by decreasing the superoxide dismutase activity and increasing the glutathione peroxidase activity. However, the results suggested that the extracts could also increase lipid peroxidation in bowel tissues. In this way, this study provides additional evidence that the administration of Camelina sativa seed alcoholic extracts could improve cognitive performances and mood and exhibit the antioxidant capacity in both the brain and bowel tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana O. Cojocariu
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B-dul Carol I, No. 11 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B-dul Carol I, No. 11 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Interdisciplinary Research in Science, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, No. 11, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Radu Lefter
- Romanian Academy, Center of Biomedical Research, B-dul Carol I, No. 8 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminita Hritcu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” of Iasi, 3rd Mihail Sadoveanu Alley Iasi 700490, Romania
| | - Daniela C. Ababei
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B-dul Carol I, No. 11 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Copaci
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Bucharest, Bd. Marasti, No. 59, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silvia E. L. Mot
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Universității Str., No 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection; Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Elena Dragoi St. no 2, 310330 Arad, Romania
| | - Dana M. Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection; Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Elena Dragoi St. no 2, 310330 Arad, Romania
| | - Stefana Jurcoane
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Bucharest, Bd. Marasti, No. 59, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, No 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
van Thiel IAM, de Jonge WJ, Chiu IM, van den Wijngaard RM. Microbiota-neuroimmune cross talk in stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity of the bowel. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G1034-G1041. [PMID: 32308040 PMCID: PMC7642838 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00196.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity of the lower gastrointestinal tract, defined as an increased response to colorectal distension, frequently prompts episodes of debilitating abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although the pathophysiology of IBS is not yet fully elucidated, it is well known that stress is a major risk factor for development and acts as a trigger of pain sensation. Stress modulates both immune responses as well as the gut microbiota and vice versa. Additionally, either microbes themselves or through involvement of the immune system, activate or sensitize afferent nociceptors. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the influence of stress along the gut-brain-microbiota axis and exemplify relevant neuroimmune cross talk mechanisms in visceral hypersensitivity, working toward understanding how gut microbiota-neuroimmune cross talk contributes to visceral pain sensation in IBS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle A. M. van Thiel
- 1Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- 1Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,3Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,4Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Isaac M. Chiu
- 5Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School. Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rene M. van den Wijngaard
- 1Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,3Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chow CFW, Che S, Qin HY, Kwan HY, Bian ZX, Wong HLX. From psychology to physicality: how nerve growth factor transduces early life stress into gastrointestinal motility disorders later in life. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1824-1829. [PMID: 31272268 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1637203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors in early childhood can have a detrimental impact later in life, manifesting in functional gastrointestinal disorders including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The phenomenon is also observed in rodents, where neonatal-maternal separation, a model of early life stress, induces phenotypes similar to IBS; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. Our recent study provided a mechanism for the pathogenesis in the gut, demonstrating that increased visceral hyperalgesia resulted from the expansion of the intestinal stem cell compartment leading to increased differentiation and proliferation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine/5-HT)-producing enterochromaffin cells. Moreover, it identified nerve growth factor (NGF) as a key mediator of the pathogenesis; surprisingly, it exerts its effect via cross talk with Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This article addresses the roles of NGF in driving IBS and its potential clinical implications, outstanding questions in how psychological stimuli are transduced into physical phenotypes, as well as future directions of our findings. Abbreviations: 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine/serotonin; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CRF: corticotrophin-releasing factor; EC: enterochromaffin; ENS: enteric nervous system; GI: gastrointestinal; GPCR: G-protein-coupled receptor; IBS (-D): irritable bowel syndrome (diarrhea predominant); LRP5/6: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; NGF: nerve growth factor; NMS: neonatal-maternal separation; PI3K: phosphoinositode3-kinase; PLCγ: phospholipase c, gamma subtype; TrkA: tropomyosin receptor kinase A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Fung Willis Chow
- a Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Sijia Che
- a Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- b Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- a Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- a Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
- a Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong HLX, Qin HY, Tsang SW, Zuo X, Che S, Chow CFW, Li X, Xiao HT, Zhao L, Huang T, Lin CY, Kwan HY, Yang T, Longo FM, Lyu A, Bian ZX. Early life stress disrupts intestinal homeostasis via NGF-TrkA signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1745. [PMID: 30988299 PMCID: PMC6465335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood is a critical period for development, and early life stress may increase the risk of gastrointestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In rodents, neonatal maternal separation (NMS) induces bowel dysfunctions that resemble IBS. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that NMS induces expansion of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and their differentiation toward secretory lineages including enterochromaffin (EC) and Paneth cells, leading to EC hyperplasia, increased serotonin production, and visceral hyperalgesia. This is reversed by inhibition of nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signalling, and treatment with NGF recapitulates the intestinal phenotype of NMS mice in vivo and in mouse intestinal organoids in vitro. Mechanistically, NGF transactivates Wnt/β-catenin signalling. NGF and serotonin are positively correlated in the sera of diarrhea-predominant IBS patients. Together, our findings provide mechanistic insights into early life stress-induced intestinal changes that may translate into treatments for gastrointestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
- Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Siu Wai Tsang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sijia Che
- Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Fung Willis Chow
- Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518035, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Tao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng Yuan Lin
- Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aiping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang L, Song J, Bai T, Wang R, Hou X. Sustained pain hypersensitivity in the stressed colon: Role of mast cell-derived nerve growth factor-mediated enteric synaptic plasticity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13430. [PMID: 30069980 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained pain hypersensitivity is the hallmark of stressed colon which could be partially explained by central sensitization with synaptic plasticity, the key mechanism of memory. We previously identified that synaptic plasticity of enteric nerve system (ENS) contributed to peripheral pain maintaining in the gut. However, the mechanisms of enteric "memory" formation remain elusive. METHODS In this study, rats were exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS) or sham stress (SS), with cromolyn sodium or physiological saline injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before stress every day. The abdominal withdrawal reflex scores, mesenteric afferent nerve activity, enteric neural c-fos expression, and enteric synaptic plasticity were assessed, and mast cell infiltration and degranulation. Furthermore, colonic mucosal mediators-induced enteric synaptic plasticity and the role of mast cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF), tryptase, and histamine were investigated via ex vivo longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LMMP) organotypic culture. KEY RESULTS It is shown that mast cell stabilizing inhibited WAS-induced visceral hypersensitivity through enhancing visceral pain threshold, decreasing spontaneous and distention-induced mesenteric afferent firing, and downregulating enteric neural activation (c-fos). Importantly, WAS led to evident enteric synaptic plasticity, but decreased by cromolyn. Water avoidance stress-derived mucosal supernatants markedly enhanced the c-fos expression and enteric synaptic plasticity in LMMP tissues, which could be eliminated by mast cell inhibition or NGF neutralization, but not tryptase or histamine blocking. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In conclusion, mast cells/NGF pathway may be the key regulator of synaptic plasticity of ENS and participate in the formation of chronic stress-induced sustained visceral hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - T Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - R Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao L, Huang Y, Lu L, Yang W, Huang T, Lin Z, Lin C, Kwan H, Wong HLX, Chen Y, Sun S, Xie X, Fang X, Yang H, Wang J, Zhu L, Bian Z. Saturated long-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria contribute to enhanced colonic motility in rats. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:107. [PMID: 29903041 PMCID: PMC6003035 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is closely associated with gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorder, but the mechanism(s) by which bacteria interact with and affect host GI motility remains unclear. In this study, through using metabolomic and metagenomic analyses, an animal model of neonatal maternal separation (NMS) characterized by accelerated colonic motility and gut dysbiosis was used to investigate the mechanism underlying microbiota-driven motility dysfunction. RESULTS An excess of intracolonic saturated long-chain fatty acids (SLCFAs) was associated with enhanced bowel motility in NMS rats. Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) and stearic acid (C18:0), as the most abundant odd- and even-numbered carbon SLCFAs in the colon lumen, can promote rat colonic muscle contraction and increase stool frequency. Increase of SLCFAs was positively correlated with elevated abundances of Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Alistipes. Functional annotation found that the level of bacterial LCFA biosynthesis was highly enriched in NMS group. Essential synthetic genes Fabs were largely identified from the genera Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Alistipes. Pseudo germ-free (GF) rats receiving fecal microbiota from NMS donors exhibited increased defecation frequency and upregulated bacterial production of intracolonic SLCFAs. Modulation of gut dysbiosis by neomycin effectively attenuated GI motility and reduced bacterial SLCFA generation in the colon lumen of NMS rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a previously unknown relationship between gut bacteria, intracolonic SLCFAs, and host GI motility, suggesting the importance of SLCFA-producing bacteria in GI motility disorders. Further exploration of this relationship could lead to a precise medication targeting the gut microbiota for treating GI motility disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, Jockey Club School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Lin Lu
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, Jockey Club School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, Jockey Club School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, Jockey Club School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zesi Lin
- Preparatory Office of Shenzhen-Melbourne Institute of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyuan Lin
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, Jockey Club School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Hiuyee Kwan
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, Jockey Club School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, Jockey Club School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Silong Sun
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xiaodong Fang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Lixin Zhu
- Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, 422BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, Jockey Club School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Genty J, Tetsi Nomigni M, Anton F, Hanesch U. Neonatal maternal separation leads to a dampening of inflammation-related mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in juvenile rats. Neurosci Lett 2018; 674:117-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
14
|
Genty J, Tetsi Nomigni M, Anton F, Hanesch U. Maternal separation stress leads to resilience against neuropathic pain in adulthood. Neurobiol Stress 2017; 8:21-32. [PMID: 29276736 PMCID: PMC5738238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) leads to a permanent reprogramming of biochemical stress response cascades that may also be relevant for the processing of chronic pain states such as neuropathy. Despite clinical evidence, little is known about ELS-related vulnerability for neuropathic pain and the possibly underlying etiology. In the framework of experimental studies aimed at investigating the respective relationships we used the established ELS model of maternal separation (MS). Rat dams and neonates were separated for 3 h/day from post-natal day 2–12. At adulthood, noxious mechanical and thermal thresholds were assessed before and during induction of neuropathic pain by chronic constriction injury (CCI). The potential involvement of spinal glutamatergic transmission, glial cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors was studied by using qPCR. MS per se did not modify pain thresholds. But, when exposed to neuropathic pain, MS rats exhibited a marked reduction of thermal sensitivity and a delayed development of mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia when compared to control animals. Also, MS did not alter glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels, but prevented the CCI-induced down-regulation of NR1 and NR2 sub-units of the NMDA receptor and of the glutamate transporter EAAT3 as observed at 21 days post-surgery. Additionally, CCI-provoked up-regulation of glial cell markers was either prevented (GFAP for astrocytes) or dampened (Iba1 for microglia) by MS. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression was either not affected (IL-6) or reduced (IL-1β) by MS shortly after CCI. The growth factors GDNF and NGF were only slightly downregulated 4 days after CCI in the MS-treated animals. The changes in glutamatergic signaling, astroglial and cytokine activation as well as neurotrophin expression could, to some extent, explain these changes in pain behavior. Taken together, the results obtained in the described experimental conditions support the mismatch theory of chronic stress where an early life stress, rather than predisposing individuals to certain pathologies, renders them resilient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Genty
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute for Health and Behavior, University of Luxembourg, 162a, avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Milène Tetsi Nomigni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute for Health and Behavior, University of Luxembourg, 162a, avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Fernand Anton
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute for Health and Behavior, University of Luxembourg, 162a, avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ulrike Hanesch
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute for Health and Behavior, University of Luxembourg, 162a, avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
O'Mahony SM, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Stress-Related Psychiatric Co-morbidities: Focus on Early Life Stress. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 239:219-246. [PMID: 28233180 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, with stress playing a major role in onset and exacerbation of symptoms such as abdominal pain and altered bowel movements. Stress-related disorders including anxiety and depression often precede the development of irritable bowel syndrome and vice versa. Stressor exposure during early life has the potential to increase an individual's susceptibility to both irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disease indicating that there may be a common origin for these disorders. Moreover, adverse early life events significantly impact upon many of the communication pathways within the brain-gut-microbiota axis, which allows bidirectional interaction between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. This axis is proposed to be perturbed in irritable bowel syndrome and studies now indicate that dysfunction of this axis is also seen in psychiatric disease. Here we review the co-morbidity of irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disease with their common origin in mind in relation to the impact of early life stress on the developing brain-gut-microbiota axis. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting this axis in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhain M O'Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yi L, Zhang H, Sun H, Zhou L, Chen Y, Xuan L, Jiang Y, Xu S. Maternal Separation Induced Visceral Hypersensitivity from Childhood to Adulthood. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 23:306-315. [PMID: 28238254 PMCID: PMC5383126 DOI: 10.5056/jnm16089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Early adverse life events (EALs) are relevant to irritable bowel syndrome in adulthood. Maternal separation (MS), as one of the EALs, has proved to induce visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats. However, the effect of MS on visceral hypersensitvity from the post-weaning period to adulthood remains unknown. Methods One hundred and ten neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: rats in the MS group were exposed to 3 hours daily MS on postnatal day (PND) 2–14; the normal control (NC) group remained undisturbed. Visceral sensitivity was determined by measuring the visceromotor response to colorectal distention on PND21, 35, and 56. Anxiety-like behaviors were measured by the open field test. Results Compared with NC rats, MS rats showed significant visceral hypersensitivity from the post-weaning period to adult. The proportion of visceral hypersensitive rats decreased with age from 87.5% to 70.0% in the female MS group and from 90.0% to 66.7% in the male MS group. The relative VMR ratio of MS and NC on PND21 was higher than PND35 and PND56. MS rats showed decreased ability of movement and exploration to the novel environment in the post-weaning period, obesity in the prepubertal period, and more anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood. Conclusions MS can significantly affect visceral sensitivity and behaviors of rats in different age stages, especially in the post-weaning period. Visceral hypersensitivity of MS rats is more pronounced in the post-weaning period and slightly restored in adults. Thus, visceral hypersensitivity in the post-weaning period might play a more meaningful pathophysiologic role in the formation of adult irritable bowel syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqian Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meleine M, Boudieu L, Gelot A, Muller E, Lashermes A, Matricon J, Silberberg C, Theodorou V, Eschalier A, Ardid D, Carvalho FA. Comparative effects of α2δ-1 ligands in mouse models of colonic hypersensitivity. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7111-7123. [PMID: 27610021 PMCID: PMC4988313 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.7111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate anti-hypersensitive effects of α2δ-1 ligands in non-inflammatory and inflammation-associated colonic hypersensitivity (CHS) mouse models.
METHODS: To induce an inflammation-associated CHS, 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administered to C57Bl/6J male mice, in drinking water, for 14 d. Regarding the non-inflammatory neonatal maternal separation (NMS) -induced CHS model, wild-type C57BI/6J pups were isolated from their mother from day 2 to day 14 (P2 to P14), three hours per day (from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.). Colorectal distension was performed by inflating distension probe from 20 μL to 100 μL by 20 μL increment step every 10 s. After a first colorectal distension (CRD), drugs were administered subcutaneously, in a cumulative manner, (Gabapentin at 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg; Pregabalin at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg; Carbamazepine at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) and a second CRD was performed one hour after each injection.
RESULTS: The visceromotor response (VMR) to CRD was increased by our NMS paradigm protocol in comparison to non-handled (NH) mice, considering the highest distension volumes (80 μL: 0.783 ± 0.056 mV/s vs 0.531 ± 0.034 mV/s, P < 0.05 and 100 μL: 1.087 ± 0.056 mV/s vs 0.634 ± 0.038 mV/s, P < 0.05 for NMS and NH mice, respectively). In the inflammation-associated CHS, DSS-treated mice showed a dramatic and significant increase in VMR at 60 and 80 μL distension volumes when compared to control mice (60 μL: 0.920 ± 0.079 mV/s vs 0.426 ± 0.100 mV/s P < 0.05 and 80 μL: 1.193 ± 0.097 mV/s vs 0.681 ± 0.094 mV/s P < 0.05 for DSS- and Water-treated mice, respectively). Carbamazepine failed to significantly reduce CHS in both models. Gabapentin significantly reduced CHS in the DSS-induced model for both subcutaneous injections at 30 or 100 mg/kg. Pregabalin significantly reduced VMR to CRD in the non-inflammatory NMS-induced CHS model for the acute subcutaneous administration of the highest cumulative dose (30 mg/kg) and significantly reduced CHS in low-dose DSS-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, the percent decrease of AUC induced by acute GBP or Pregabalin treatment were higher in the inflammatory DSS-induced CHS model in comparison to the non-inflammatory NMS-induced CHS model.
CONCLUSION: This preclinical study demonstrates α2δ-1 ligands efficacy on inflammation-associated CHS, highlighting their potential clinical interest in patients with chronic abdominal pain and moderate intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Fuentes IM, Walker NK, Pierce AN, Holt BR, Di Silvestro ER, Christianson JA. Neonatal maternal separation increases susceptibility to experimental colitis and acute stress exposure in male mice. IBRO Rep 2016; 1:10-18. [PMID: 28164167 PMCID: PMC5289700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing early life stress can result in maladjusted stress response via dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and serves as a risk factor for developing chronic pelvic pain disorders. We investigated whether neonatal maternal separation (NMS) would increase susceptibility to experimental colitis or exposure to acute or chronic stress. Male mice underwent NMS from postnatal day 1-21 and as adults were assessed for open field behavior, hindpaw sensitivity, and visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD). VMR was also measured before and after treatment with intracolonic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or exposure to acute or chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, proinflammatory gene and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor expression were measured in distal colon. Baseline VMR was not affected by NMS, but undergoing CRD increased anxiety-like behaviors and mechanical hindpaw sensitivity of NMS mice. Treatment with TNBS dose-dependently decreased body weight and survival only in NMS mice. Following TNBS treatment, IL-6 and artemin mRNA levels were decreased in the distal colon of NMS mice, despite increased MPO activity. A single WAS exposure increased VMR during CRD in NMS mice and increased IL-6 mRNA and CRF2 protein levels in the distal colon of naïve mice, whereas CRF2 protein levels were heightened in NMS colon both at baseline and post-WAS exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that NMS in mice disrupts inflammatory- and stress-induced gene expression in the colon, potentially contributing towards an exaggerated response to specific stressors later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Fuentes
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Natalie K Walker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Angela N Pierce
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Briana R Holt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Elizabeth R Di Silvestro
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Julie A Christianson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Burke NN, Finn DP, McGuire BE, Roche M. Psychological stress in early life as a predisposing factor for the development of chronic pain: Clinical and preclinical evidence and neurobiological mechanisms. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1257-1270. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita N. Burke
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, NCBES, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - David P. Finn
- Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, NCBES, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Brian E. McGuire
- Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, NCBES, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
- Psychology, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, NCBES, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Juif PE, Salio C, Zell V, Melchior M, Lacaud A, Petit-Demouliere N, Ferrini F, Darbon P, Hanesch U, Anton F, Merighi A, Lelièvre V, Poisbeau P. Peripheral and central alterations affecting spinal nociceptive processing and pain at adulthood in rats exposed to neonatal maternal deprivation. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:1952-62. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Eric Juif
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Strasbourg; 5 Rue Blaise Pascal F-67084 Strasbourg France
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; Università degli Studi di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Vivien Zell
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Strasbourg; 5 Rue Blaise Pascal F-67084 Strasbourg France
| | - Meggane Melchior
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Strasbourg; 5 Rue Blaise Pascal F-67084 Strasbourg France
| | - Adrien Lacaud
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Strasbourg; 5 Rue Blaise Pascal F-67084 Strasbourg France
| | - Nathalie Petit-Demouliere
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Strasbourg; 5 Rue Blaise Pascal F-67084 Strasbourg France
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; Università degli Studi di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Pascal Darbon
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Strasbourg; 5 Rue Blaise Pascal F-67084 Strasbourg France
| | - Ulrike Hanesch
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Psychobiology; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - Fernand Anton
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Psychobiology; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; Università degli Studi di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Vincent Lelièvre
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Strasbourg; 5 Rue Blaise Pascal F-67084 Strasbourg France
| | - Pierrick Poisbeau
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Strasbourg; 5 Rue Blaise Pascal F-67084 Strasbourg France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fuentes IM, Pierce AN, O'Neil PT, Christianson JA. Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation. J Vis Exp 2015:e53181. [PMID: 26327525 DOI: 10.3791/53181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has a lifetime prevalence of 14% and is the most common urological diagnosis for men under the age of 50, yet it is the least understood and studied chronic pelvic pain disorder. A significant subset of patients with chronic pelvic pain report having experienced early life stress or abuse, which can markedly affect the functioning and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Mast cell activation, which has been shown to be increased in both urine and expressed prostatic secretions of CP/CPPS patients, is partially regulated by downstream activation of the HPA axis. Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) has been used for over two decades to study the outcomes of early life stress in rodent models, including changes in the HPA axis and visceral sensitivity. Here we provide a detailed protocol for using NMS as a preclinical model of CP/CPPS in male C57BL/6 mice. We describe the methodology for performing NMS, assessing perigenital mechanical allodynia, and histological evidence of mast cell activation. We also provide evidence that early psychological stress can have long-lasting effects on the male urogenital system in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela N Pierce
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Pierce T O'Neil
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang D, Qian AH, Song DD, Ben QW, Yao WY, Sun J, Li WG, Xu TL, Yuan YZ. Role of the potassium chloride cotransporter isoform 2-mediated spinal chloride homeostasis in a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G767-78. [PMID: 25792562 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00313.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity represents an important hallmark in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), of which the mechanisms remain elusive. The present study was designed to examine whether cation-chloride cotransporter (CCC)-mediated chloride (Cl(-)) homeostasis of the spinal cord is involved in chronic stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Chronic visceral hypersensitivity was induced by exposing male Wistar rats to water avoidance stress (WAS). RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of CCCs in the spinal cord. Patch-clamp recordings were performed on adult spinal cord slices to evaluate Cl(-) homeostasis and Cl(-) extrusion capacity of lamina I neurons. Visceral sensitivity was estimated by measuring the abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distension (CRD). After 10 days of WAS exposure, levels of both total protein and the oligomeric form of the K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2), but not Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) transporter isoform 1 (NKCC1), were significantly decreased in the dorsal horn of the lumbosacral spinal cord. The downregulation of KCC2 resulted in a depolarizing shifted equilibrium potential of GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic current and impaired Cl(-) extrusion capacity in lamina I neurons of the lumbosacral spinal cord from WAS rats. Acute noxious CRD disrupted spinal KCC2 expression and function 2 h after the final distention in sham rats, but not in WAS rats. Pharmacological blockade of KCC2 activity by intrathecal injection of a KCC2 inhibitor [(dihydroindenyl)oxy] alkanoic acid enhanced visceral nociceptive sensitivity in sham rats, but not in WAS rats. These results suggest that KCC2 downregulation-mediated impairment of spinal cord Cl(-) homeostasis may play an important role in chronic stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Ai-Hua Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Dan-Dan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Qi-Wen Ben
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Wei-Yan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Wei-Guang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Zong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qin HY, Cheng CW, Tang XD, Bian ZX. Impact of psychological stress on irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14126-14131. [PMID: 25339801 PMCID: PMC4202343 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is an important factor for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). More and more clinical and experimental evidence showed that IBS is a combination of irritable bowel and irritable brain. In the present review we discuss the potential role of psychological stress in the pathogenesis of IBS and provide comprehensive approaches in clinical treatment. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies showed that psychological stresses have marked impact on intestinal sensitivity, motility, secretion and permeability, and the underlying mechanism has a close correlation with mucosal immune activation, alterations in central nervous system, peripheral neurons and gastrointestinal microbiota. Stress-induced alterations in neuro-endocrine-immune pathways acts on the gut-brain axis and microbiota-gut-brain axis, and cause symptom flare-ups or exaggeration in IBS. IBS is a stress-sensitive disorder, therefore, the treatment of IBS should focus on managing stress and stress-induced responses. Now, non-pharmacological approaches and pharmacological strategies that target on stress-related alterations, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, miscellaneous agents, 5-HT synthesis inhibitors, selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, and specific 5-HT receptor antagonists or agonists have shown a critical role in IBS management. A integrative approach for IBS management is a necessary.
Collapse
|
24
|
Stress-induced hyperalgesia. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 121:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
The intensity and severity of perceived pain does not correlate consistently with the degree of peripheral or central nervous system tissue damage or with the intensity of primary afferent or spinal nociceptive neurone activity. In this respect, the modulation of pain by emotion and context is now widely recognized. In particular, stress, fear and anxiety exert potent, but complex, modulatory influences on pain. Stress can either suppress pain (stress-induced analgesia) or exacerbate it (stress-induced hyperalgesia; SIH) depending on the nature, duration and intensity of the stressor. Herein, we review the methods and models used to study the phenomenon of SIH in rodents and humans and then present a detailed discussion of our current understanding of neural substrates and neurobiological mechanisms. The review provides perspectives and challenges for the current and future treatment of pain and the co-morbidity of pain with stress-related psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weredeselam M Olango
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Knaepen L, Pawluski JL, Patijn J, van Kleef M, Tibboel D, Joosten EA. Perinatal maternal stress and serotonin signaling: Effects on pain sensitivity in offspring. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 56:885-96. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Knaepen
- Department of Anesthesiology/Pain Management; University Pain Center Maastricht; Maastricht University Medical Center; Universiteitssingel 50 6229 ER Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Jodi L. Pawluski
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
- University of Liège; GIGA-Neurosciences; 1 Avenue de l'Hôpital (Bat. B36) B-4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Jacob Patijn
- Department of Anesthesiology/Pain Management; University Pain Center Maastricht; Maastricht University Medical Center; Universiteitssingel 50 6229 ER Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Kleef
- Department of Anesthesiology/Pain Management; University Pain Center Maastricht; Maastricht University Medical Center; Universiteitssingel 50 6229 ER Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care; Erasmus MC-Sophia; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Erasmus MC-Sophia; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elbert A. Joosten
- Department of Anesthesiology/Pain Management; University Pain Center Maastricht; Maastricht University Medical Center; Universiteitssingel 50 6229 ER Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kwon YS, Son M. DA-9701: A New Multi-Acting Drug for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:181-9. [PMID: 24265862 PMCID: PMC3830115 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motilitone® (DA-9701) is a new herbal drug that was launched for the treatment of functional dyspepsia in December 2011 in Korea. The heterogeneous symptom pattern and multiple causes of functional dyspepsia have resulted in multiple drug target strategies for its treatment. DA-9701, a compound consisting of a combination of Corydalis Tuber and Pharbitidis Semen, has being developed for treatment of functional dyspepsia. It has multiple mechanisms of action such as fundus relaxation, visceral analgesia, and prokinetic effects. Furthermore, it was found to significantly enhance meal-induced gastric accommodation and increase gastric compliance in dogs. DA-9701 also showed an analgesic effect in rats with colorectal distension induced visceral hypersensitivity and an antinociceptive effect in beagle dogs with gastric distension-induced nociception. The pharmacological effects of DA-9701 also include conventional effects, such as enhanced gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit. The safety profi le of DA-9701 is also preferable to that of other treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sam Kwon
- Dong-A ST Research Institute, Yongin 446-905, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Matricon J, Muller E, Accarie A, Meleine M, Etienne M, Voilley N, Busserolles J, Eschalier A, Lazdunski M, Bourdu S, Gelot A, Ardid D. Peripheral contribution of NGF and ASIC1a to colonic hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:e740-54. [PMID: 23902154 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with idiopathic colonic hypersensitivity (CHS). However, recent studies suggest that low-grade inflammation could underlie CHS in IBS. The pro-inflammatory mediator nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a key role in the sensitization of peripheral pain pathways and several studies have reported its contribution to visceral pain development. NGF modulates the expression of Acid-Sensing Ion Channels (ASICs), which are proton sensors involved in sensory neurons sensitization. This study examined the peripheral contribution of NGF and ASICs to IBS-like CHS induced by butyrate enemas in the rat colon. METHODS Colorectal distension and immunohistochemical staining of sensory neurons were used to evaluate NGF and ASICs contribution to the development of butyrate-induced CHS. KEY RESULTS Systemic injection of anti-NGF antibodies or the ASICs inhibitor amiloride prevented the development of butyrate-induced CHS. A significant increase in NGF and ASIC1a protein expression levels was observed in sensory neurons of rats displaying butyrate-induced CHS. This increase was specific of small- and medium-diameter L1 + S1 sensory neurons, where ASIC1a was co-expressed with NGF or trkA in CGRP-immunoreactive somas. ASIC1a was also overexpressed in retrogradely labeled colon sensory neurons. Interestingly, anti-NGF antibody administration prevented ASIC1a overexpression in sensory neurons of butyrate-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our data suggest that peripheral NGF and ASIC1a concomitantly contribute to the development of butyrate-induced CHS NGF-ASIC1a interplay may have a pivotal role in the sensitization of colonic sensory neurons and as such, could be considered as a potential new therapeutic target for IBS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Matricon
- NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM/UdA, UMR 1107, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lallès JP. Long term effects of pre- and early postnatal nutrition and environment on the gut. J Anim Sci 2013; 90 Suppl 4:421-9. [PMID: 23365399 DOI: 10.2527/jas.53904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis formulated in the early 1990 s has stimulated research on long-term effects of early nutrition and environment over the last decades. Long-term is understood in this review as physiologically relevant periods such as after weaning, around sexual maturity, and in adulthood, as opposed to early developmental periods. The small and large intestines as targets for the study of long-term effects have received little attention until recent years and the stomach has been considered very rarely. Data have accumulated for laboratory animal models but they are still scarce in the swine species. Following the epidemics of metabolic diseases and obesity in western countries, experimental evidence has been published showing that nutritional factors, including energy, fat and fatty acids, protein, and micronutrients impact various facets of gut function. These include alterations in intestinal digestive, absorptive, secretory, barrier, and defense systems, often in a way potentially detrimental to the host. Environmental factors with long-term influence include stress (e.g., maternal deprivation, neonatal gut irritation), chemical pollutants (e.g., bisphenol A), and gut microbiota disturbances (e.g., by antibiotics). Examples of such long-term effects on the gut are provided in both laboratory animals and pigs together with underlying physiological mechanisms whenever available. Experimental evidence for the involvement of underlying epigenetic modifications (e.g., genomic DNA methylation) in long-term studies has just started to emerge with regard to the gastrointestinal tract. Also, interactions between the microbiota and the host are being considered pivotal in the early programming of gut functions. Finally, suggestions for future research are provided in order to better understand and then control early programming as an attempt to optimize vital functions of the gastrointestinal tract throughout adult life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Lallès
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1341 ADNC, Department of Nutrition & Digestive, Nervous and Behavioral Adaptations, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jardí F, Martínez V, Vergara P. NGF is involved in oral ovalbumin-induced altered colonic contractility in rats: evidence from the blockade of TrkA receptors with K252a. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:e580-90. [PMID: 23072452 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve growth factor (NGF)-mucosal mast cell (MMC) interaction has been implicated in the remodeling of enteric circuitries and associated functional changes. We investigated the involvement of NGF and its receptor TrkA in the altered colonic contractile activity observed in the model of oral ovalbumin (OVA)-induced MMC hyperactivity in rats. We also studied the role of colonic MMCs as a source of NGF. METHODS Rats received oral OVA, alone or with the TrkA antagonist K252a. Colonic co-expression of NGF/TrkA and rat mast cell protease II (RMCPII) (double immunofluorescence), RMCPII content (ELISA) and expression of NGF, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkA/B (QT-PCR) were assessed. Colonic contractile activity was determined in vivo and in vitro. KEY RESULTS TrkA, but not NGF, was localized in colonic MMCs (RMCPII-positive). Oral ovalbumin exposure increased colonic RMCPII levels but did not change the percentage of TrkA-positive MMCs. Neither OVA nor K252a, alone or combined, altered NGF, BDNF or TrkA/B expression. Spontaneous colonic activity in vivo and in vitro was altered by OVA, an effect prevented by K252a. Electrical stimulation-induced contractile responses in vivo and carbachol responses in vitro were increased by OVA in a K252a-independent manner. In OVA-treated animals, inhibition of NO synthesis with l-NNA significantly enhanced spontaneous colonic activity in vitro, a response completely prevented by K252a. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These results suggest that NGF-TrkA-dependent pathways are implicated in colonic contractile alterations observed during OVA exposure in rats. NGF-TrkA system might represent a potential target for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders characterized by colonic motor alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Jardí
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nerve growth factor-mediated neuronal plasticity in spinal cord contributes to neonatal maternal separation-induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:463-72. [PMID: 22396076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Visceral hyperalgesia is a multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder which featured with alterations of abdominal motility and/or gut sensitivity, and is believed to be triggered by environmental stressor or psychological factors. However, its etiology remains incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neuronal plasticity is involved in neonatal maternal separation (NMS)-induced visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats, and whether NGF antagonist can attenuate or block such development. In our experiments, animals subjected to NMS were developed with visceral hyperalgesia at age of 8 weeks. The threshold for visceral pain among these NMS rats was remarkably lowered than that of the normal handling (NH) rats; however, the expression levels of NGF, c-fos, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), Substance P, and tyrosine kinases A (TrkA) were notably elevated in lumbosacral spinal cord and/or dorsal root ganglion (DRG) when comparing to those of the NH rats. Further, as intra-peritoneal administration of NGF (10 μl at 1 μg/kg/day) was given to NH rats during neonatal period, effects that comparable to NMS induction were observed in the adulthood. In contrast, when NMS rats were treated with NGF antagonist K252a (10 μl/day from postnatal days 2-14), which acts against tyrosine kinases, the neonatal stress-induced down-shifted visceral pain threshold was restored and neuronal activation, specifically NGF and neuropeptide production, was attenuated. In conclusion, our data strongly suggest that NGF triggers neuronal plasticity and plays a crucial role in NMS-induced visceral hypersensitivity in which NGF antagonism provides positive inhibition via blocking the tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkA.
Collapse
|
32
|
Larauche M, Mulak A, Taché Y. Stress and visceral pain: from animal models to clinical therapies. Exp Neurol 2012; 233:49-67. [PMID: 21575632 PMCID: PMC3224675 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have implicated stress (psychosocial and physical) as a trigger of first onset or exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms of which visceral pain is an integrant landmark. A number of experimental acute or chronic exteroceptive or interoceptive stressors induce visceral hyperalgesia in rodents although recent evidence also points to stress-related visceral analgesia as established in the somatic pain field. Underlying mechanisms of stress-related visceral hypersensitivity may involve a combination of sensitization of primary afferents, central sensitization in response to input from the viscera and dysregulation of descending pathways that modulate spinal nociceptive transmission or analgesic response. Biochemical coding of stress involves the recruitment of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling pathways. Experimental studies established that activation of brain and peripheral CRF receptor subtype 1 plays a primary role in the development of stress-related delayed visceral hyperalgesia while subtype 2 activation induces analgesic response. In line with stress pathways playing a role in IBS, non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment modalities aimed at reducing stress perception using a broad range of evidence-based mind-body interventions and centrally-targeted medications to reduce anxiety impact on brain patterns activated by visceral stimuli and dampen visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Larauche M, Mulak A, Taché Y. Stress-related alterations of visceral sensation: animal models for irritable bowel syndrome study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 17:213-34. [PMID: 21860814 PMCID: PMC3155058 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressors of different psychological, physical or immune origin play a critical role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome participating in symptoms onset, clinical presentation as well as treatment outcome. Experimental stress models applying a variety of acute and chronic exteroceptive or interoceptive stressors have been developed to target different periods throughout the lifespan of animals to assess the vulnerability, the trigger and perpetuating factors determining stress influence on visceral sensitivity and interactions within the brain-gut axis. Recent evidence points towards adequate construct and face validity of experimental models developed with respect to animals' age, sex, strain differences and specific methodological aspects such as non-invasive monitoring of visceromotor response to colorectal distension as being essential in successful identification and evaluation of novel therapeutic targets aimed at reducing stress-related alterations in visceral sensitivity. Underlying mechanisms of stress-induced modulation of visceral pain involve a combination of peripheral, spinal and supraspinal sensitization based on the nature of the stressors and dysregulation of descending pathways that modulate nociceptive transmission or stress-related analgesic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center and Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Agata Mulak
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center and Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvette Taché
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center and Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Manni L, Florenzano F, Aloe L. Electroacupuncture counteracts the development of thermal hyperalgesia and the alteration of nerve growth factor and sensory neuromodulators induced by streptozotocin in adult rats. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1900-8. [PMID: 21431457 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes is considered the leading cause of neuropathies in developed countries. Dysfunction of nerve growth factor (NGF) production and/or utilisation may lead to the establishment of diabetic neuropathies. Electroacupuncture has been proved effective in the treatment of human neuropathic pain as well as in modulating NGF production/activity. We aimed at using electroacupuncture to correct the development of thermal hyperalgesia and the tissue alteration of NGF and sensory neuromodulators in a rat model of type 1 diabetes. METHODS Adult rats were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes and subsequently treated with low-frequency electroacupuncture for 3 weeks. Variation in thermal sensitivity was studied during the experimental course. Hindpaw skin and spinal cord protein content of NGF, NGF receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA), substance P (SP), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor and glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD-67) were measured after electroacupuncture treatments. The skin and spinal cord cellular distribution of TrkA was analysed to explore NGF signalling. RESULTS Early after streptozotocin treatment, thermal hyperalgesia developed that was corrected by electroacupuncture. The parallel increases in NGF and TrkA in the spinal cord were counteracted by electroacupuncture. Streptozotocin also induced variation in skin/spinal TrkA phosphorylation, increases in skin SP and spinal TRPV1 and a decrease in spinal GAD-67. These changes were counteracted by electroacupuncture. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results point to the potential of electroacupuncture as a supportive therapy for the treatment of diabetic neuropathies. The efficacy of electroacupuncture might depend on its actions on spinal/peripheral NGF synthesis/utilisation and normalisation of the levels of several sensory neuromodulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Manni
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Larauche M, Mulak A, Taché Y. Stress and visceral pain: from animal models to clinical therapies. Exp Neurol 2011. [PMID: 21575632 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.020.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have implicated stress (psychosocial and physical) as a trigger of first onset or exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms of which visceral pain is an integrant landmark. A number of experimental acute or chronic exteroceptive or interoceptive stressors induce visceral hyperalgesia in rodents although recent evidence also points to stress-related visceral analgesia as established in the somatic pain field. Underlying mechanisms of stress-related visceral hypersensitivity may involve a combination of sensitization of primary afferents, central sensitization in response to input from the viscera and dysregulation of descending pathways that modulate spinal nociceptive transmission or analgesic response. Biochemical coding of stress involves the recruitment of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling pathways. Experimental studies established that activation of brain and peripheral CRF receptor subtype 1 plays a primary role in the development of stress-related delayed visceral hyperalgesia while subtype 2 activation induces analgesic response. In line with stress pathways playing a role in IBS, non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment modalities aimed at reducing stress perception using a broad range of evidence-based mind-body interventions and centrally-targeted medications to reduce anxiety impact on brain patterns activated by visceral stimuli and dampen visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Maternal separation as a model of brain-gut axis dysfunction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 214:71-88. [PMID: 20886335 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-2010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Early life stress has been implicated in many psychiatric disorders ranging from depression to anxiety. Maternal separation in rodents is a well-studied model of early life stress. However, stress during this critical period also induces alterations in many systems throughout the body. Thus, a variety of other disorders that are associated with adverse early life events are often comorbid with psychiatric illnesses, suggesting a common underlying aetiology. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that is thought to involve a dysfunctional interaction between the brain and the gut. Essential aspects of the brain-gut axis include spinal pathways, the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, the immune system, as well as the enteric microbiota. Accumulating evidence suggest that stress, especially in early life, is a predisposing factor to IBS. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to assess and compile the most relevant data on early life stress and alterations at all levels of the brain gut axis. RESULTS In this review, we describe the components of the brain-gut axis individually and how they are altered by maternal separation. The separated phenotype is characterised by alterations of the intestinal barrier function, altered balance in enteric microflora, exaggerated stress response and visceral hypersensitivity, which are all evident in IBS. CONCLUSION Thus, maternally separated animals are an excellent model of brain-gut axis dysfunction for the study of disorders such as IBS and for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
37
|
Enhanced excitability and down-regulated voltage-gated potassium channels in colonic drg neurons from neonatal maternal separation rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2011; 12:600-9. [PMID: 21296029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), characterized mainly by abdominal pain, is a functional bowel disorder. The present study aimed to examine changes in the excitability and the activity of the voltage-gated K(+) channel in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons innervating the colon of rats subjected to neonatal maternal separation (NMS). Colonic DRG neurons from NMS rats as identified by FAST DiI™ labeling showed an increased cell size compared with those from nonhandled (NH) rats. Whole cell current-clamp recordings showed that colonic DRG neurons from NMS rats displayed: 1) depolarized resting membrane potential; 2) increased input resistance; 3) a dramatic reduction in rheobase; and 4) a significant increase in the number of action potentials evoked at twice rheobase. Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings revealed that neurons from both groups exhibited transient A-type (I(A)) and delayed rectifier (I(K)) K(+) currents. Compared with NH rat neurons, the averaged density of I(K) was significantly reduced in NMS rat neurons. Furthermore, the Kv1.2 expression was significantly decreased in NMS rat colonic DRG neurons. These results suggest that NMS increases the excitability of colonic DRG neurons mainly by suppressing the I(K) current, which is likely accounted for by the downregulation of the Kv1.2 expression and somal hypertrophy. PERSPECTIVE This study demonstrates the alteration of delayed rectifier K current and Kv1.2 expression in DRG neurons from IBS model rats, representing a molecular mechanism underlying visceral pain and sensitization in IBS, suggesting the potential of Kv1.2 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of IBS.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zou X, Li Y, Wang T, Zhou C, Zeng H. Determination of Nerve Growth Factor in Rat Spinal Cord by Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Immunoassay with a Laser Induced Fluorescence Detector. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
39
|
Takemura Y, Furuta S, Hirayama S, Miyashita K, Imai S, Narita M, Kuzumaki N, Tsukiyama Y, Yamazaki M, Suzuki T, Narita M. Upregulation of bradykinin receptors is implicated in the pain associated with caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Synapse 2010; 65:608-16. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.20880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
40
|
Zhang M, Leung FP, Huang Y, Bian ZX. Increased colonic motility in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome is associated with up-regulation of L-type calcium channels in colonic smooth muscle cells. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:e162-70. [PMID: 20122129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper aimed to investigate the relationship between up-regulation of L-type calcium channels and altered motility disorder in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to neonatal maternal separation (NMS) from postnatal day 2-14 or normal handling (NH), and used when weighted 250-300 g. Colonic smooth muscle contractions was studied in an organ bath system. L-type Ca(2+) channel alpha(1c) subunit expression in smooth muscles from rat colon were studied by immunofluorescence and Western blotting analysis. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) of enzymatically isolated single colonic smooth muscle cell was studied with laser confocal fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS The fecal pellets during 1 h water avoidance stress (WAS) were significantly increased; the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and contractions induced by Bay K 8644 (10 nM-1 microM), KCl (10-60 mM) and ACh (100 nM-10 microM) were significantly increased in NMS rats, when comparing with that of NH rats. [Ca(2+)]i induced by Bay K 8644 (1 microM), KCl (40 mM), and ACh (10 microM) significantly increased in muscle cells of NMS rats than NH rats. Further, alpha(1c) protein expression was significantly up-regulated in colonic smooth muscle of NMS rats than NH rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NMS lead to up-regulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels expression in the colon, which contributes to the colonic motility disorder. Our findings provide direct evidence to help understanding the underlying mechanism of chronic stress-induced colonic motility disorder in IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The mechanism of visceral pain is still less understood compared with that of somatic pain. This is primarily due to the diverse nature of visceral pain compounded by multiple factors such as sexual dimorphism, psychological stress, genetic trait, and the nature of predisposed disease. Due to multiple contributing factors there is an enormous challenge to develop animal models that ideally mimic the exact disease condition. In spite of that, it is well recognized that visceral hypersensitivity can occur due to (1) sensitization of primary sensory afferents innervating the viscera, (2) hyperexcitability of spinal ascending neurons (central sensitization) receiving synaptic input from the viscera, and (3) dysregulation of descending pathways that modulate spinal nociceptive transmission. Depending on the type of stimulus condition, different neural pathways are involved in chronic pain. In early-life psychological stress such as maternal separation, chronic pain occurs later in life due to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and significant increase in corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) secretion. In contrast, in early-life inflammatory conditions such as colitis and cystitis, there is dysregulation of the descending opioidergic system that results excessive pain perception (i.e., visceral hyperalgesia). Functional bowel disorders and chronic pelvic pain represent unexplained pain that is not associated with identifiable organic diseases. Often pain overlaps between two organs and approximately 35% of patients with chronic pelvic pain showed significant improvement when treated for functional bowel disorders. Animal studies have documented that two main components such as (1) dichotomy of primary afferent fibers innervating two pelvic organs and (2) common convergence of two afferent fibers onto a spinal dorsal horn are contributing factors for organ-to-organ pain overlap. With reports emerging about the varieties of peptide molecules involved in the pathological conditions of visceral pain, it is expected that better therapy will be achieved relatively soon to manage chronic visceral pain.
Collapse
|
42
|
Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase is Associated with Colorectal Distension-Induced Spinal and Supraspinal Neuronal Response and Neonatal Maternal Separation-Induced Visceral Hyperalgesia in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 37:274-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|