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Adams AA, Li Y, Kim HA, Pfister BJ. Dorsal root ganglion neurons recapitulate the traumatic axonal injury of CNS neurons in response to a rapid stretch in vitro. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1111403. [PMID: 37066078 PMCID: PMC10090399 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In vitro models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly use neurons isolated from the central nervous system. Limitations with primary cortical cultures, however, can pose challenges to replicating some aspects of neuronal injury associated with closed head TBI. The known mechanisms of axonal degeneration from mechanical injury in TBI are in many ways similar to degenerative disease, ischemia, and spinal cord injury. It is therefore possible that the mechanisms that result in axonal degeneration in isolated cortical axons after in vitro stretch injury are shared with injured axons from different neuronal types. Dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRGN) are another neuronal source that may overcome some current limitations including remaining healthy in culture for long periods of time, ability to be isolated from adult sources, and myelinated in vitro. Methods: The current study sought to characterize the differential responses between cortical and DRGN axons to mechanical stretch injury associated with TBI. Using an in vitro model of traumatic axonal stretch injury, cortical and DRGN neurons were injured at a moderate (40% strain) and severe stretch (60% strain) and acute alterations in axonal morphology and calcium homeostasis were measured. Results: DRGN and cortical axons immediately form undulations in response to severe injury, experience similar elongation and recovery within 20 min after the initial injury, and had a similar pattern of degeneration over the first 24 h after injury. Additionally, both types of axons experienced comparable degrees of calcium influx after both moderate and severe injury that was prevented through pre-treatment with tetrodotoxin in cortical neurons and lidocaine in DRGNs. Similar to cortical axons, stretch injury also causes calcium activated proteolysis of sodium channel in DRGN axons that is prevented by treatment with lidocaine or protease inhibitors. Discussion: These findings suggest that DRGN axons share the early response of cortical neurons to a rapid stretch injury and the associated secondary injury mechanisms. The utility of a DRGN in vitro TBI model may allow future studies to explore TBI injury progression in myelinated and adult neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Adams
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Haesun A. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Bryan J. Pfister
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
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2
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Liu M, An Z, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Xu J, Zhao Z, Huang C, Wang A, Zhou G, Li P, Fan Y. Mechanical Stretch Promotes Neurite Outgrowth of Primary Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons via Suppression of Semaphorin 3A-Neuropilin-1/Plexin-A1 Signaling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3416-3426. [PMID: 36413805 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant attempts have been made to promote neuronal extension and migration in nerve development and regeneration. Although mechanical stretch induces persistent elongation of the axon, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet clear. Some axonal guidance cues secreted in the growth cone that affect the axonal growth could attract or repel axons in neurite connection. As semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is an important repulsion guidance molecule, inhibition of Sema3A has been postulated to promote neuronal development. In this study, the effects of mechanical stretch on dorsal root ganglion neuronal growth and the underlying mechanisms were investigated by assessing the extension direction, neurite length, cell body size, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the expression of Sema3A and its receptors. Our results showed that cell viability significantly increased at tensile strains of 2.5, 5, and 10% for 4 h, with the most prominent effect at 5% tensile strain. Moreover, neurons migrated closer to the stretching direction at 5% tensile strain (0-12 h), while the neurons of the control group moved in a disorderly manner. Furthermore, Sema3A-Neuropilin-1/Plexin-A1 signaling pathway was found to be suppressed after mechanical stretch at 5% tensile strain for 4 h by immunofluorescence staining, immunoprecipitation, and western blot assay. Finally, a Sema3A-SiRNA (SiRNA = small interfering RNA) treatment led to remarkable guidance growth in the stretch-grown neurons. Importantly, there was significant decrease of repulsive cue Sema3A expression and remarkable increase of attractive molecule Netrin-1 expression after mechanical stretching treatment, which jointly promoted neurite outgrowth. This study provides a promising new approach for the development of mechanical stretching therapy or guidance factor-related drugs in injured neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zitong An
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chongquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Anqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.,School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Yoshikawa M, Aizawa S, Oppenheim RW, Milligan C. Neurovascular unit pathology is observed very early in disease progression in the mutant SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shokrani H, Shokrani A, Sajadi SM, Seidi F, Mashhadzadeh AH, Rabiee N, Saeb MR, Aminabhavi T, Webster TJ. Cell-Seeded Biomaterial Scaffolds: The Urgent Need for Unanswered Accelerated Angiogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1035-1068. [PMID: 35309965 PMCID: PMC8927652 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s353062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most arduous challenges in tissue engineering is neovascularization, without which there is a lack of nutrients delivered to a target tissue. Angiogenesis should be completed at an optimal density and within an appropriate period of time to prevent cell necrosis. Failure to meet this challenge brings about poor functionality for the tissue in comparison with the native tissue, extensively reducing cell viability. Prior studies devoted to angiogenesis have provided researchers with some biomaterial scaffolds and cell choices for angiogenesis. For example, while most current angiogenesis approaches require a variety of stimulatory factors ranging from biomechanical to biomolecular to cellular, some other promising stimulatory factors have been underdeveloped (such as electrical, topographical, and magnetic). When it comes to choosing biomaterial scaffolds in tissue engineering for angiogenesis, key traits rush to mind including biocompatibility, appropriate physical and mechanical properties (adhesion strength, shear stress, and malleability), as well as identifying the appropriate biomaterial in terms of stability and degradation profile, all of which may leave essential trace materials behind adversely influencing angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the selection of the best biomaterial and cells still remains an area of hot dispute as such previous studies have not sufficiently classified, integrated, or compared approaches. To address the aforementioned need, this review article summarizes a variety of natural and synthetic scaffolds including hydrogels that support angiogenesis. Furthermore, we review a variety of cell sources utilized for cell seeding and influential factors used for angiogenesis with a concentrated focus on biomechanical factors, with unique stimulatory factors. Lastly, we provide a bottom-to-up overview of angiogenic biomaterials and cell selection, highlighting parameters that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Shokrani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Shokrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, 625, Iraq
- Department of Phytochemistry, SRC, Soran University, Soran, KRG, 624, Iraq
- Correspondence: S Mohammad Sajadi; Navid Rabiee, Email ; ;
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tejraj Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka, 580 031, India
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India
| | - Thomas J Webster
- School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Biomaterials, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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5
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Plaut S. Scoping review and interpretation of myofascial pain/fibromyalgia syndrome: An attempt to assemble a medical puzzle. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263087. [PMID: 35171940 PMCID: PMC8849503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a common, overlooked, and underdiagnosed condition and has significant burden. MPS is often dismissed by clinicians while patients remain in pain for years. MPS can evolve into fibromyalgia, however, effective treatments for both are lacking due to absence of a clear mechanism. Many studies focus on central sensitization. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to systematically search cross-disciplinary empirical studies of MPS, focusing on mechanical aspects, and suggest an organic mechanism explaining how it might evolve into fibromyalgia. Hopefully, it will advance our understanding of this disease. METHODS Systematically searched multiple phrases in MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, PEDro, and medRxiv, majority with no time limit. Inclusion/exclusion based on title and abstract, then full text inspection. Additional literature added on relevant side topics. Review follows PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PROSPERO yet to adapt registration for scoping reviews. FINDINGS 799 records included. Fascia can adapt to various states by reversibly changing biomechanical and physical properties. Trigger points, tension, and pain are a hallmark of MPS. Myofibroblasts play a role in sustained myofascial tension. Tension can propagate in fascia, possibly supporting a tensegrity framework. Movement and mechanical interventions treat and prevent MPS, while living sedentarily predisposes to MPS and recurrence. CONCLUSIONS MPS can be seen as a pathological state of imbalance in a natural process; manifesting from the inherent properties of the fascia, triggered by a disrupted biomechanical interplay. MPS might evolve into fibromyalgia through deranged myofibroblasts in connective tissue ("fascial armoring"). Movement is an underemployed requisite in modern lifestyle. Lifestyle is linked to pain and suffering. The mechanism of needling is suggested to be more mechanical than currently thought. A "global percutaneous needle fasciotomy" that respects tensegrity principles may treat MPS/fibromyalgia more effectively. "Functional-somatic syndromes" can be seen as one entity (myofibroblast-generated-tensegrity-tension), sharing a common rheuma-psycho-neurological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiloh Plaut
- School of Medicine, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Oocyte Penetration Speed Optimization Based on Intracellular Strain. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020309. [PMID: 35208433 PMCID: PMC8875814 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oocyte penetration is an essential step for many biological technologies, such as animal cloning, embryo microinjection, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Although the success rate of robotic cell penetration is very high now, the development potential of oocytes after penetration has not been significantly improved compared with manual operation. In this paper, we optimized the oocyte penetration speed based on the intracellular strain. We firstly analyzed the intracellular strain at different penetration speeds and performed the penetration experiments on porcine oocytes. Secondly, we studied the cell development potential after penetration at different penetration speeds. The statistical results showed that the percentage of large intracellular strain decreased by 80% and the maximum and average intracellular strain decreased by 25–38% at the penetration speed of 50 μm/s compared to at 10 μm/s. Experiment results showed that the cleavage rates of the oocytes after penetration increased from 65.56% to 86.36%, as the penetration speed increased from 10 to 50 μm/s. Finally, we verified the gene expression of oocytes after penetration at different speeds. The experimental results showed that the totipotency and antiapoptotic genes of oocytes were significantly higher after penetration at the speed of 50 μm/s, which verified the effectiveness of the optimization method at the gene level.
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7
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Zou Z, Li L, Li Q, Zhao P, Zhang K, Liu C, Cai D, Maegele M, Gu Z, Huang Q. The role of S100B/RAGE-enhanced ADAM17 activation in endothelial glycocalyx shedding after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:46. [PMID: 35148784 PMCID: PMC8832692 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the main causes for disability and death worldwide. While the primary mechanical injury cannot be avoided, the prevention of secondary injury is the focus of TBI research. Present study aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of S100B and its receptor RAGE on mediating secondary injury after TBI. Methods This study established TBI animal model by fluid percussion injury in rats, cell model by stretch-injured in astrocytes, and endothelial injury model with conditioned medium stimulation. Pharmacological intervention was applied to interfere the activities of S100B/RAGE/ADAM17 signaling pathway, respectively. The expressions or contents of S100B, RAGE, syndecan-1 and ADAM17 in brain and serum, as well as in cultured cells and medium, were detected by western blot. The distribution of relative molecules was observed with immunofluorescence. Results We found that TBI could activate the release of S100B, mostly from astrocytes, and S100B and RAGE could mutually regulate their expression and activation. Most importantly, present study revealed an obvious increase of syndecan-1 in rat serum or in endothelial cultured medium after injury, and a significant decrease in tissue and in cultured endothelial cells, indicating TBI-induced shedding of endothelial glycocalyx. The data further proved that the activation of S100B/RAGE signaling could promote the shedding of endothelial glycocalyx by enhancing the expression, translocation and activity of ADAM17, an important sheddase, in endothelial cells. The damage of endothelial glycocalyx consequently aggravated blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and systemic vascular hyper-permeability, overall resulting in secondary brain and lung injury. Conclusions TBI triggers the activation of S100B/RAGE signal pathway. The regulation S100B/RAGE on ADAM17 expression, translocation and activation further promotes the shedding of endothelial glycocalyx, aggravates the dysfunction of BBB, and increases the vascular permeability, leading to secondary brain and lung injury. Present study may open a new corridor for the more in-depth understanding of the molecular processes responsible for cerebral and systemic vascular barrier impairment and secondary injury after TBI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02412-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Center of TCM Preventive Treatment, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyong Liu
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, Germany
| | - Marc Maegele
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimerstr. 200, 51109, Köln, Germany. .,Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimerstr. 200, Köln, 51109, China.
| | - Zhengtao Gu
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Varier P, Raju G, Madhusudanan P, Jerard C, Shankarappa SA. A Brief Review of In Vitro Models for Injury and Regeneration in the Peripheral Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:816. [PMID: 35055003 PMCID: PMC8775373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve axonal injury and associated cellular mechanisms leading to peripheral nerve damage are important topics of research necessary for reducing disability and enhancing quality of life. Model systems that mimic the biological changes that occur during human nerve injury are crucial for the identification of cellular responses, screening of novel therapeutic molecules, and design of neural regeneration strategies. In addition to in vivo and mathematical models, in vitro axonal injury models provide a simple, robust, and reductionist platform to partially understand nerve injury pathogenesis and regeneration. In recent years, there have been several advances related to in vitro techniques that focus on the utilization of custom-fabricated cell culture chambers, microfluidic chamber systems, and injury techniques such as laser ablation and axonal stretching. These developments seem to reflect a gradual and natural progression towards understanding molecular and signaling events at an individual axon and neuronal-soma level. In this review, we attempt to categorize and discuss various in vitro models of injury relevant to the peripheral nervous system and highlight their strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities. Such models will help to recreate the post-injury microenvironment and aid in the development of therapeutic strategies that can accelerate nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sahadev A. Shankarappa
- Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; (P.V.); (G.R.); (P.M.); (C.J.)
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9
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Abstract
Tensioning techniqueswere the first neurodynamic techniques used therapeutically in the management of people with neuropathies. This article aims to provide a balanced evidence-informed view on the effects of optimal tensile loading on peripheral nerves and the use of tensioning techniques. Whilst the early use of neurodynamics was centered within a mechanical paradigm, research into the working mechanisms of tensioning techniques revealed neuroimmune, neurophysiological, and neurochemical effects. In-vitro and ex-vivo research confirms that tensile loading is required for mechanical adaptation of healthy and healing neurons and nerves. Moreover, elimination of tensile load can have detrimental effects on the nervous system. Beneficial effects of tensile loading and tensioning techniques, contributing to restored homeostasis at the entrapment site, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord, include neuronal cell differentiation, neurite outgrowth and orientation, increased endogenous opioid receptors, reduced fibrosis and intraneural scar formation, improved nerve regeneration and remyelination, increased muscle power and locomotion, less mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia, and improved conditioned pain modulation. However, animal and cellular models also show that ‘excessive’ tensile forces have negative effects on the nervous system. Although robust and designed to withstand mechanical load, the nervous system is equally a delicate system. Mechanical loads that can be easily handled by a healthy nervous system, may be sufficient to aggravate clinical symptoms in patients. This paper aims to contribute to a more balanced view regarding the use of neurodynamics and more specifically tensioning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ellis
- School of Clinical Sciences, Active Living and Rehabilitation: Aotearoa, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiotherapy, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Giacomo Carta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (Nico), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy.,ASST Nord Milano, Sesto San Giovanni Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ricardo J Andrade
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, Australia.,School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Queensland, USA
| | - Michel W Coppieters
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, Australia.,Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Pairojboriboon S, Sacino A, Pennington Z, Lubelski D, Yang R, Morris CD, Suk I, Sciubba DM, Lo SFL. Nerve Root Sparing En Bloc Resection of Sacral Chondrosarcoma: Technical Note and Review of the Literature. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 21:497-506. [PMID: 34791405 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opab333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total en bloc sacrectomy provides the best long-term local control for large primary bony sacral tumors, but often requires lumbosacral nerve root sacrifice leading to loss of ambulation and/or bowel, bladder, and/or sexual dysfunction. Nerve-sparing techniques may be an option for some patients that avoid these outcomes and accordingly improve postoperative quality of life. OBJECTIVE To describe the technique for a posterior-only en bloc hemisacrectomy with maximal nerve root preservation and to summarize the available literature. METHODS A 38-yr-old woman with a 7.7 × 5.4 × 4.5 cm biopsy-proven grade 2 chondrosarcoma involving the left L5-S2 posterior elements underwent a posterior-only left hemisacrectomy tri-rod L3-pelvis fusion. A systematic review of the English literature was also conducted to identify other descriptions of high sacrectomy with distal sacral nerve root preservation. RESULTS Computer-aided navigation facilitated an extracapsular resection that allowed preservation of the left-sided L5 and S3-Co roots. Negative margins were achieved and postoperatively the patient retained ambulation and good bowel/bladder function. Imaging at 9-mo follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence. The systematic review identified 4 prior publications describing 6 total patients who underwent nerve-sparing sacral resection. Enneking-appropriate resection was only obtained in 1 case though. CONCLUSION Here we describe a technique for distal sacral nerve root preservation during en bloc hemisacrectomy for a primary sacral tumor. Few prior descriptions exist, and the present technique may help to reduce the neurological morbidity of sacral tumor surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutipat Pairojboriboon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amanda Sacino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zach Pennington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Lubelski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robin Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol D Morris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Suk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu Larry Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Lin JH, Yu YW, Chuang YC, Lee CH, Chen CC. ATF3-Expressing Large-Diameter Sensory Afferents at Acute Stage as Bio-Signatures of Persistent Pain Associated with Lumbar Radiculopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050992. [PMID: 33922541 PMCID: PMC8145235 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of pain chronicity is largely unknown in lumbar radiculopathy (LR). The anatomical location of nerve injury is one of the important factors associated with pain chronicity of LR. Accumulating evidence has shown constriction distal to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) caused more severe radiculopathy than constriction proximal to the DRG; thereby, the mechanism of pain chronicity in LR could be revealed by comparing the differences in pathological changes of DRGs between nerve constriction distal and proximal to the DRG. Here, we used 2 rat models of LR with nerve constriction distal or proximal to the DRG to probe how the different nerve injury sites could differentially affect pain chronicity and the pathological changes of DRG neuron subpopulations. As expected, rats with nerve constriction distal to the DRG showed more persistent pain behaviors than those with nerve constriction proximal to the DRG in 50% paw withdraw threshold, weight-bearing test, and acetone test. One day after the operation, distal and proximal nerve constriction showed differential pathological changes of DRG. The ratios of activating transcription factor3 (ATF3)-positive DRG neurons were significantly higher in rats with nerve constriction distal to DRG than those with nerve constriction proximal to DRG. In subpopulation analysis, the ratios of ATF3-immunoreactivity (IR) in neurofilament heavy chain (NFH)-positive DRG neurons significantly increased in distal nerve constriction compared to proximal nerve constriction; although, both distal and proximal nerve constriction presented increased ratios of ATF3-IR in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive DRG neurons. Moreover, the nerve constriction proximal to DRG caused more hypoxia than did that distal to DRG. Together, ATF3 expression in NHF-positive DRG neurons at the acute stage is a potential bio-signature of persistent pain in rat models of LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Her Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Wen Yu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Chia Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Taiwan Mouse Clinic, Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115202, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kampanis V, Tolou-Dabbaghian B, Zhou L, Roth W, Puttagunta R. Cyclic Stretch of Either PNS or CNS Located Nerves Can Stimulate Neurite Outgrowth. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010032. [PMID: 33379276 PMCID: PMC7824691 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) does not recover from traumatic axonal injury, but the peripheral nervous system (PNS) does. We hypothesize that this fundamental difference in regenerative capacity may be based upon the absence of stimulatory mechanical forces in the CNS due to the protective rigidity of the vertebral column and skull. We developed a bioreactor to apply low-strain cyclic axonal stretch to adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) connected to either the peripheral or central nerves in an explant model for inducing axonal growth. In response, larger diameter DRG neurons, mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors showed enhanced neurite outgrowth as well as increased Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Kampanis
- Laboratory for Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.K.); (B.T.-D.)
| | - Bahardokht Tolou-Dabbaghian
- Laboratory for Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.K.); (B.T.-D.)
| | - Luming Zhou
- Laboratory of NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Roth
- Laboratory for Experimental Neurorehabilitation, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Radhika Puttagunta
- Laboratory for Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.K.); (B.T.-D.)
- Correspondence:
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Ma J, Stefanoska D, Stone LS, Hildebrand M, van Donkelaar CC, Zou X, Basoli V, Grad S, Alini M, Peroglio M. Hypoxic stress enhances extension and branching of dorsal root ganglion neuronal outgrowth. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1090. [PMID: 32613165 PMCID: PMC7323469 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that painful intervertebral discs (IVDs) were associated with a deeper innervation. However, the effect of the disc's degenerative microenvironment on neuronal outgrowth remains largely unknown. The focus of this study was to determine the influence of hypoxia on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurite outgrowth. Toward this aim, the DRG-derived cell line ND7/23 was either directly subjected to 2% or 20% oxygen conditions or exposed to conditioned medium (CM) collected from IVDs cultured under 2% or 20% oxygen. Viability and outgrowth analysis were performed following 3 days of exposure. Results obtained with the cell line were further validated on cultures of rabbit spinal DRG explants and dissociated DRG neurons. Results showed that hypoxia significantly increased neurite outgrowth length in ND7/23 cells, which was also validated in DRG explant and primary cell culture, although hypoxia conditioned IVD did not significantly increase ND7/23 neurite outgrowth. While hypoxia dramatically decreased the outgrowth frequency in explant cultures, it significantly increased collateral sprouting of dissociated neurons. Importantly, the hypoxia-induced decrease of outgrowth frequency at the explant level was not due to inhibition of outgrowth branching but rather to neuronal necrosis. In summary, hypoxia in DRG promoted neurite sprouting, while neuronal necrosis may reduce the density of neuronal outgrowth at the tissue level. These findings may help to explain the deeper neo-innervation found in the painful disc tissue. HIGHLIGHTS Hypoxia promoted elongation and branching of neurite outgrowth at single cell level, but reduced outgrowth density at tissue level, possibly due to hypoxia-induced neuronal necrosis; these findings may help to explain the deeper neo-innervation found in clinically painful tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxuan Ma
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
| | - Despina Stefanoska
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Laura S. Stone
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Faculty of DentistryMcGill UniversityMontreal, QuebecCanada
| | | | | | - Xuenong Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedic Research InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and TraumatologyGuangzhouChina
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Neurotrophic effects of G M1 ganglioside, NGF, and FGF2 on canine dorsal root ganglia neurons in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5380. [PMID: 32214122 PMCID: PMC7096396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs share many chronic morbidities with humans and thus represent a powerful model for translational research. In comparison to rodents, the canine ganglioside metabolism more closely resembles the human one. Gangliosides are components of the cell plasma membrane playing a role in neuronal development, intercellular communication and cellular differentiation. The present in vitro study aimed to characterize structural and functional changes induced by GM1 ganglioside (GM1) in canine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and interactions of GM1 with nerve growth factor (NGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) using immunofluorescence for several cellular proteins including neurofilaments, synaptophysin, and cleaved caspase 3, transmission electron microscopy, and electrophysiology. GM1 supplementation resulted in increased neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. This was also observed in DRG neurons challenged with hypoxia mimicking neurodegenerative conditions due to disruptions of energy homeostasis. Immunofluorescence indicated an impact of GM1 on neurofilament phosphorylation, axonal transport, and synaptogenesis. An increased number of multivesicular bodies in GM1 treated neurons suggested metabolic changes. Electrophysiological changes induced by GM1 indicated an increased neuronal excitability. Summarized, GM1 has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on canine DRG neurons and induces functional changes. However, further studies are needed to clarify the therapeutic value of gangliosides in neurodegenerative diseases.
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URDEITX PAU, FARZANEH SOLMAZ, MOUSAVI SJAMALEDDIN, DOWEIDAR MOHAMEDH. ROLE OF OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IN THE OSTEOBLASTS BEHAVIOR: A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL. J MECH MED BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519419500647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen concentration plays a key role in cell survival and viability. Besides, it has important effects on essential cellular biological processes such as cell migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, the prediction of the cellular response to the alterations of the oxygen concentration can help significantly in the advances of cell culture research. Here, we present a 3D computational mechanotactic model to simulate all the previously mentioned cell processes under different oxygen concentrations. With this model, three cases have been studied. Starting with mesenchymal stem cells within an extracellular matrix with mechanical properties suitable for its differentiation into osteoblasts, and under different oxygen conditions to evaluate their behavior under normoxia, hypoxia and anoxia. The obtained results, which are consistent with the experimental observations, indicate that cells tend to migrate toward zones with higher oxygen concentration where they accelerate their differentiation and proliferation. This technique can be employed to control cell migration toward fracture zones to accelerate the healing process. Besides, as expected, to avoid cell apoptosis under conditions of anoxia and to avoid the inhibition of the differentiation and proliferation processes under conditions of hypoxia, the state of normoxia should be maintained throughout the entire cell-culture process.
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Affiliation(s)
- PAU URDEITX
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - SOLMAZ FARZANEH
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059, Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S. JAMALEDDIN MOUSAVI
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059, Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - MOHAMED H. DOWEIDAR
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
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16
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Liu M, Huang C, Zhao Z, Wang A, Li P, Fan Y, Zhou G. Nano-hydroxyapatite(n-HA) involved in the regeneration of rat nerve injury triggered by overloading stretch. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2019.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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17
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APC-Cdh1 Inhibits the Proliferation and Activation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells after Mechanical Stretch Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9524561. [PMID: 31139661 PMCID: PMC6500630 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9524561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) continues to increase; however, the involved mechanisms remain unclear. Anaphase promoting complex (APC) and its regulatory subunit Cdh1 play important roles in the growth, development, and repair of the central nervous system (CNS). Cdh1 is involved in the pathophysiological processes of neuronal apoptosis and astrocyte-reactive proliferation after ischemic brain injury, whereas the role played by APC-Cdh1 in the proliferation and activation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) after SCI remains unresolved. Using primary cultures of spinal oligodendrocyte precursor cells, we successfully established an in vitro mechanical stretch injury model to simulate SCI. Cell viability and proliferation were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis determined the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cdh1 and its downstream substrates Skp2 and Id2. Mechanical stretch injury decreased the proliferative activity of OPCs and enhanced cellular Cdh1 expression. Dampened expression of Cdh1 in primary OPCs significantly promoted proliferation and activation of OPCs after SCI. In addition, the expression of the downstream substrates of Cdh1, Skp2, and Id2 was decreased following mechanical injury, whereas adenovirus-mediated Cdh1 RNA interference increased postinjury expression of Skp2 and Id2. These findings suggest that APC-Cdh1 might be involved in regulating the proliferation and activation of OPCs after mechanical SCI. Moreover, degraded ubiquitination of the downstream substrates Skp2 and Id2 might play an important role, at least in part, in the beneficial effects of OPCs activity following SCI.
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18
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Chierto E, Simon A, Castoldi F, Meffre D, Cristinziano G, Sapone F, Carrete A, Borderie D, Etienne F, Rannou F, Morrison B, Massaad C, Jafarian-Tehrani M. Mechanical Stretch of High Magnitude Provokes Axonal Injury, Elongation of Paranodal Junctions, and Signaling Alterations in Oligodendrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4231-4248. [PMID: 30298339 PMCID: PMC6505516 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing findings suggest that demyelination may play an important role in the pathophysiology of brain injury, but the exact mechanisms underlying such damage are not well known. Mechanical tensile strain of brain tissue occurs during traumatic brain injury. Several studies have investigated the cellular and molecular events following a static tensile strain of physiological magnitude on individual cells such as oligodendrocytes. However, the pathobiological impact of high-magnitude mechanical strain on oligodendrocytes and myelinated fibers remains under investigated. In this study, we reported that an applied mechanical tensile strain of 30% on mouse organotypic culture of cerebellar slices induced axonal injury and elongation of paranodal junctions, two hallmarks of brain trauma. It was also able to activate MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling, a stretch-induced responsive pathway. The same tensile strain applied to mouse oligodendrocytes in primary culture induced a profound damage to cell morphology, partial cell loss, and a decrease of myelin protein expression. The lower tensile strain of 20% also caused cell loss and the remaining oligodendrocytes appeared retracted with decreased myelin protein expression. Finally, high-magnitude tensile strain applied to 158N oligodendroglial cells altered myelin protein expression, dampened MAPK-ERK1/2 and MAPK-p38 signaling, and enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species. The latter was accompanied by increased protein oxidation and an alteration of anti-oxidant defense that was strain magnitude-dependent. In conclusion, mechanical stretch of high magnitude provokes axonal injury with significant alterations in oligodendrocyte biology that could initiate demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chierto
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Anne Simon
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Meffre
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Cristinziano
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Sapone
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Alex Carrete
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Didier Borderie
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.,Service de Diagnostic Biologique Automatisé, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre - Groupe Hospitalier Cochin (AP-HP), 27 rue du faubourg saint Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - François Etienne
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.,Plateforme de mécanobiologie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - François Rannou
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.,Plateforme de mécanobiologie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.,Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l'Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre - Groupe Hospitalier Cochin (AP-HP), 27 rue du faubourg saint Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Barclay Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Ave, 351 Engineering Terrace, MC8904, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Charbel Massaad
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Mehrnaz Jafarian-Tehrani
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
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19
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Liu M, Yin C, Jia Z, Li K, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Gong X, Liu X, Li P, Fan Y. Protective Effect of Moderate Exogenous Electric Field Stimulation on Activating Netrin-1/DCC Expression Against Mechanical Stretch-Induced Injury in Spinal Cord Neurons. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:285-294. [PMID: 29627918 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nerve cells detect and respond to electric field stimulation and extrinsic chemical guidance cues during development and regeneration; therefore, the development and optimization of an approach for functional neuronal regeneration are necessary for a nerve injury. In this study, we proposed using electric field stimulation to repair a nerve injury triggered by serious mechanical stretch loading. A device that provides continuous mechanical stretch and constant electric field stimulation was designed. Primary dissociated spinal cord neurons were stimulated by mechanical stretch (tensile strain 2.5-10%) at different times (1, 4, 8, and 12 h) to set up a moderate nerve injury model. Stimulated samples were evaluated with respect to cell viability, density, and axonal elongation by the MTT and immunofluorescence assays. The results indicated that mechanical stretch (S, 5% tensile strain, 4 h) caused moderate axonal injury, resulting in significant loss of cell viability and a decrease in cell density. However, injured spinal cord neurons became viable after electric field stimulation (E, 33 mA/m2, 4 h) in the fluorescein diacetate assay. In addition, neuronal viability, density, and elongation increased significantly after electric field stimulation compared with those of stretch-injured neurons. Moreover, electric field stimulation significantly activated the axonal guidance cues Netrin-1 and deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) receptor expression compared with the stretch-injury group. These results indicate that electric stimulation activates synergistic guidance cues of expression to improve axonal growth relevant to nerve injuries. Our study provides new insight into neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuanwei Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhengtai Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhifa Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xianghui Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176, China.
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20
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Stretching of roots contributes to the pathophysiology of radiculopathies. Joint Bone Spine 2018; 85:41-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Mousavi SJ, Doweidar MH. Numerical modeling of cell differentiation and proliferation in force-induced substrates via encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 130:106-117. [PMID: 27208526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cell migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis are the main processes in tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal Stem Cells have the potential to differentiate into many cell phenotypes such as tissue- or organ-specific cells to perform special functions. Experimental observations illustrate that differentiation and proliferation of these cells can be regulated according to internal forces induced within their Extracellular Matrix. The process of how exactly they interpret and transduce these signals is not well understood. METHODS A previously developed three-dimensional (3D) computational model is here extended and employed to study how force-free substrates and force-induced substrate control cell differentiation and/or proliferation during the mechanosensing process. Consistent with experimental observations, it is assumed that cell internal deformation (a mechanical signal) in correlation with the cell maturation state directly triggers cell differentiation and/or proliferation. The Extracellular Matrix is modeled as Neo-Hookean hyperelastic material assuming that cells are cultured within 3D nonlinear hydrogels. RESULTS In agreement with well-known experimental observations, the findings here indicate that within neurogenic (0.1-1kPa), chondrogenic (20-25kPa) and osteogenic (30-45kPa) substrates, Mesenchymal Stem Cells differentiation and proliferation can be precipitated by inducing the substrate with an internal force. Therefore, cells require a longer time to grow and maturate within force-free substrates than within force-induced substrates. In the instance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells differentiation into a compatible phenotype, the magnitude of the net traction force increases within chondrogenic and osteogenic substrates while it reduces within neurogenic substrates. This is consistent with experimental studies and numerical works recently published by the same authors. However, in all cases the magnitude of the net traction force considerably increases at the instant of cell proliferation because of cell-cell interaction. CONCLUSIONS The present model provides new perspectives to delineate the role of force-induced substrates in remotely controlling the cell fate during cell-matrix interaction, which open the door for new tissue regeneration methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jamaleddin Mousavi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mohamed Hamdy Doweidar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain.
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Mousavi SJ, Hamdy Doweidar M. Role of Mechanical Cues in Cell Differentiation and Proliferation: A 3D Numerical Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124529. [PMID: 25933372 PMCID: PMC4416758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation, proliferation and migration are essential processes in tissue regeneration. Experimental evidence confirms that cell differentiation or proliferation can be regulated according to the extracellular matrix stiffness. For instance, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate to neuroblast, chondrocyte or osteoblast within matrices mimicking the stiffness of their native substrate. However, the precise mechanisms by which the substrate stiffness governs cell differentiation or proliferation are not well known. Therefore, a mechano-sensing computational model is here developed to elucidate how substrate stiffness regulates cell differentiation and/or proliferation during cell migration. In agreement with experimental observations, it is assumed that internal deformation of the cell (a mechanical signal) together with the cell maturation state directly coordinates cell differentiation and/or proliferation. Our findings indicate that MSC differentiation to neurogenic, chondrogenic or osteogenic lineage specifications occurs within soft (0.1-1 kPa), intermediate (20-25 kPa) or hard (30-45 kPa) substrates, respectively. These results are consistent with well-known experimental observations. Remarkably, when a MSC differentiate to a compatible phenotype, the average net traction force depends on the substrate stiffness in such a way that it might increase in intermediate and hard substrates but it would reduce in a soft matrix. However, in all cases the average net traction force considerably increases at the instant of cell proliferation because of cell-cell interaction. Moreover cell differentiation and proliferation accelerate with increasing substrate stiffness due to the decrease in the cell maturation time. Thus, the model provides insights to explain the hypothesis that substrate stiffness plays a key role in regulating cell fate during mechanotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jamaleddin Mousavi
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modeling (GEMM), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mohamed Hamdy Doweidar
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modeling (GEMM), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Liu M, Zhou G, Hou Y, Kuang G, Jia Z, Li P, Fan Y. Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite-coated magnetic nanoparticles on axonal guidance growth of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3066-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meili Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yongzhao Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Gang Kuang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Zhengtai Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
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Paterniti I, Impellizzeri D, Di Paola R, Esposito E, Gladman S, Yip P, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT, Cuzzocrea S. Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates the early inflammatory response following spinal cord injury in mice: in-vivo and in-vitro studies. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:6. [PMID: 24405628 PMCID: PMC3895696 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two families of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6), are required for physiological functions. The long chain ω-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have significant biological effects. In particular, DHA is a major component of cell membranes in the brain. It is also involved in neurotransmission. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly devastating pathology that can lead to catastrophic dysfunction, with a significant reduction in the quality of life. Previous studies have shown that EPA and DHA can exert neuroprotective effects in SCI in mice and rats. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanism of action of ω-3 PUFAs, such as DHA, in a mouse model of SCI, with a focus on the early pathophysiological processes. Methods In this study, SCI was induced in mice by the application of an aneurysm clip onto the dura mater via a four-level T5 to T8 laminectomy. Thirty minutes after compression, animals received a tail vein injection of DHA at a dose of 250 nmol/kg. All animals were killed at 24 h after SCI, to evaluate various parameters implicated in the spread of the injury. Results Our results in this in-vivo study clearly demonstrate that DHA treatment reduces key factors associated with spinal cord trauma. Treatment with DHA significantly reduced: (1) the degree of spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury, (2) pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α), (3) nitrotyrosine formation, (4) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and (5) apoptosis (Fas-L, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression). Moreover, DHA significantly improved the recovery of limb function. Furthermore, in this study we evaluated the effect of oxidative stress on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells using a well-characterized in-vitro model. Treatment with DHA ameliorated the effects of oxidative stress on neurite length and branching. Conclusions Our results, in vivo and in vitro, clearly demonstrate that DHA treatment reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury associated with spinal cord trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Liu M, Song W, Li P, Huang Y, Gong X, Zhou G, Jia X, Zheng L, Fan Y. Galanin protects against nerve injury after shear stress in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63473. [PMID: 23691051 PMCID: PMC3653936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide galanin and its receptors (GalR) are found to be up-regulated in brains suffering from nerve injury, but the specific role played by galanin remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of galanin after shear stress induced nerve injury in the primary cultured cortical neurons of rats. Our results demonstrated that no significant changes in cell death and viability were found after galanin treatment when subjected to a shear stress of 5 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h, after increasing magnitude of shear stress to 10 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h, cell death was significantly increased, while galanin can inhibit the nerve injury induced by shear stress with 10 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h. Moreover, Gal2-11 (an agonist of GalR2/3) could also effectively inhibit shear stress-induced nerve injury of primary cultured cortical neurons in rats. Although GalR2 is involved in the galanin protection mechanism, there was no GalR3 expression in this system. Moreover, galanin increased the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), which can effectively inhibit the physiological effects of shear stress. Galanin was also found to inhibit the activation of p53 and Bax, and further reversed the down regulation of Bcl-2 induced by shear stress. Our results strongly demonstrated that galanin plays a neuroprotective role in injured cortical neurons of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisha Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Lim SN, Gladman SJ, Dyall SC, Patel U, Virani N, Kang JX, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT. Transgenic mice with high endogenous omega-3 fatty acids are protected from spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 51:104-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Lin MY, Frieboes LS, Forootan M, Palispis WA, Mozaffar T, Jafari M, Steward O, Gall CM, Gupta R. Biophysical stimulation induces demyelination via an integrin-dependent mechanism. Ann Neurol 2012; 72:112-23. [PMID: 22829273 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic nerve compression (CNC) injuries occur when peripheral nerves are subjected to sustained mechanical forces, with increasing evidence implicating Schwann cells as key mediators. Integrins, a family of transmembrane adhesion molecules that are capable of intracellular signaling, have been implicated in a variety of biological processes such as myelination and nerve regeneration. In this study, we seek to define the physical stimuli mediating demyelination and to determine whether integrin plays a role in the demyelinating response. METHODS We used a previously described in vitro model of CNC injury where myelinating neuron-Schwann cell cocultures were subjected to independent manipulations of hydrostatic pressure, hypoxia, and glucose deprivation in a custom bioreactor. We assessed whether demyelination increased in response to applied manipulation and determined whether integrin-associated signaling cascades are upregulated. RESULTS Biophysical stimulation of neural tissue induced demyelination and Schwann cell proliferation without neuronal or glial cytotoxicity or apoptosis. Although glucose deprivation and hypoxia independently had minor effects on myelin stability, together they potentiated the demyelinating effects of hydrostatic compression, and in combination, significantly destabilized myelin. Biophysical stimuli transiently increased phosphorylation of the integrin-associated tyrosine kinase Src within Schwann cells. Silencing this integrin signaling cascade blocked Src activation and prevented pressure-induced demyelination. Colocalization analysis indicated that Src is localized within Schwann cells. INTERPRETATION These results indicate that myelin is sensitive to CNC injury and support the novel concept that myelinating cocultures respond directly to mechanical loading via activating an integrin signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Improved outcome after peripheral nerve injury in mice with increased levels of endogenous ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Neurosci 2012; 32:563-71. [PMID: 22238091 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3371-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional recovery after a peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is often poor. There is a need for therapies that protect neurons against injury and enhance regeneration. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to have therapeutic potential in a variety of neurological disorders, including acute traumatic injury. The objective of this study was to assess the neuroprotective and pro-regenerative potential of ω-3 PUFAs in PNI. We investigated this in mice that express the fat-1 gene encoding for ω-3 fatty acid desaturase, which leads to an increase in endogenous ω-3 PUFAs and a concomitant decrease in ω-6 PUFAs. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from wild-type or fat-1 mice were subjected to a mechanical strain or hypoxic injury, and cell death was assessed using ethidium homodimer-1 labeling. The fat-1 background appears to confer robust neuroprotection against both injuries. We then examined the early functional and morphological changes in wild-type and fat-1 mice after a sciatic nerve crush. An accelerated functional recovery 7 d after injury was seen in fat-1 mice when assessed using von Frey filaments and the sciatic nerve functional index. These observations were also mapped to changes in injury-related markers. The injury-induced expression of ATF-3 was decreased in the DRG of fat-1 mice, whereas the axons detected 6 mm distal to the crush were increased. Fat-1 animals also had some protection against muscle atrophy after injury. In conclusion, both in vitro and in vivo experiments support the idea that a higher endogenous ω-3 PUFA could lead to beneficial effects after a PNI.
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Huang W, Begum R, Barber T, Ibba V, Tee N, Hussain M, Arastoo M, Yang Q, Robson L, Lesage S, Gheysens T, Skaer NJ, Knight D, Priestley J. Regenerative potential of silk conduits in repair of peripheral nerve injury in adult rats. Biomaterials 2012; 33:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Jing X, Wang T, Huang S, Glorioso JC, Albers KM. The transcription factor Sox11 promotes nerve regeneration through activation of the regeneration-associated gene Sprr1a. Exp Neurol 2011; 233:221-32. [PMID: 22024412 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Factors that enhance the intrinsic growth potential of adult neurons are key players in the successful repair and regeneration of neurons following injury. Injury-induced activation of transcription factors has a central role in this process because they regulate expression of regeneration-associated genes. Sox11 is a developmentally expressed transcription factor that is significantly induced in adult neurons in response to injury. Its function in injured neurons is however undefined. Here, we report studies that use herpes simplex virus (HSV)-vector-mediated expression of Sox11 in adult sensory neurons to assess the effect of Sox11 overexpression on neuron regeneration. Cultured mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons transfected with HSV-Sox11 exhibited increased neurite elongation and branching relative to naïve and HSV-vector control treated neurons. Neurons from mice injected in foot skin with HSV-Sox11 exhibited accelerated regeneration of crushed saphenous nerves as indicated by faster regrowth of axons and nerve fibers to the skin, increased myelin thickness and faster return of nerve and skin sensitivity. Downstream targets of HSV-Sox11 were examined by analyzing changes in gene expression of known regeneration-associated genes. This analysis in combination with mutational and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicates that the ability of Sox11 to accelerate in vivo nerve regeneration is dependent on its transcriptional activation of the regeneration-associated gene, small proline rich protein 1a (Sprr1a). This finding reveals a new functional linkage between Sox11 and Sprr1a in adult peripheral neuron regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotang Jing
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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