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Gao Y, Panier LYX, Gameroff MJ, Auerbach RP, Posner J, Weissman MM, Kayser J. Feedback negativity and feedback-related P3 in individuals at risk for depression: Comparing surface potentials and current source densities. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14444. [PMID: 37740325 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Blunted responses to reward feedback have been linked to major depressive disorder (MDD) and depression risk. Using a monetary incentive delay task (win, loss, break-even), we investigated the impact of family risk for depression and lifetime history of MDD and anxiety disorder with 72-channel electroencephalograms (EEG) recorded from 29 high-risk and 32 low-risk individuals (15-58 years, 30 male). Linked-mastoid surface potentials (ERPs) and their corresponding reference-free current source densities (CSDs) were quantified by temporal principal components analysis (PCA). Each PCA solution revealed a midfrontal feedback negativity (FN; peak around 310 ms) and a posterior feedback-P3 (fb-P3; 380 ms) as two distinct reward processing stages. Unbiased permutation tests and multilevel modeling of component scores revealed greater FN to loss than win and neutral for all stratification groups, confirming FN sensitivity to valence. Likewise, all groups had greater fb-P3 to win and loss than neutral, confirming that fb-P3 indexes motivational salience and allocation of attention. By contrast, group effects were subtle, dependent on data transformation (ERP, CSD), and did not confirm reduced FN or fb-P3 for at-risk individuals. Instead, CSD-based fb-P3 was overall reduced in individuals with than without MDD history, whereas ERP-based fb-P3 was greater for high-risk individuals than for low-risk individuals for monetary, but not neutral outcomes. While the present findings do not support blunted reward processing in depression and depression risk, our side-by-side comparison underscores how the EEG reference choice affects the characterization of subtle group differences, strongly advocating the use of reference-free techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Gao
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lidia Y X Panier
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marc J Gameroff
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jürgen Kayser
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Han ZR, Yan J, Yang X, Guo M, West KB, Suveg C, Wang H. The impacts of anxiety and depressive symptoms on emotional processing in children and their parents: an event-related potential study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:58. [PMID: 37170287 PMCID: PMC10176778 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with dysregulated emotional processing. However, less is known about the intra-personal and inter-personal impacts of anxiety and depressive symptoms on emotional processing in children and their parents. METHODS In a community sample of 36 parent-child dyads (total N = 72), the current study investigated the intra- and inter-personal effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the child's and the parent's neurophysiological responses to emotional (i.e., pleasant and unpleasant) stimuli, indexed by the late positive potential (LPP). RESULTS The results indicated that children's anxiety symptoms were correlated with their enhanced LPPs to pleasant versus neutral pictures. Additionally, children's depressive symptoms related to their increased LPPs to unpleasant stimuli. Importantly, children's anxiety symptoms were associated with their parents' increased LPPs to both unpleasant and pleasant information. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that anxiety symptoms in community children were related to their own as well as their parents' emotional processing. The findings contribute to cognitive and family models of anxiety and depression and further highlight the potential role of dyadic interventions for the alleviation of impairing symptoms in children and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Julia Yan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mingjia Guo
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Cynthia Suveg
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Applied Psychology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, No. 18 Jinfeng Road, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
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3
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Moretta T, Messerotti Benvenuti S. Familial risk for depression is associated with reduced P300 and late positive potential to affective stimuli and prolonged cardiac deceleration to unpleasant stimuli. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6432. [PMID: 37081143 PMCID: PMC10119159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence of abnormal affective processing as a key correlate of depression, specific attentional mechanisms underlying processing of emotions in familial risk for depression have yet to be investigated in a single study. To this end, the amplitude of the P300 and late positive potential (LPP) complex and cardiac deceleration were assessed during the passive viewing of affective pictures in 32 individuals who had family history of depression (without depressive symptoms) and in 30 controls (without depressive symptoms and family history of depression). Individuals with familial risk for depression revealed reduced P300-LPP amplitudes in response to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli relative to controls, and comparable P300-LPP amplitudes in response to pleasant and neutral stimuli. Controls, but not individuals with familial risk for depression, reported cardiac deceleration during the viewing of pleasant vs. neutral and unpleasant stimuli in the 0-3 s time window. Also, only individuals with familial risk for depression showed a prolonged cardiac deceleration in response to unpleasant vs. neutral stimuli. Overall, the present study provides new insights into the characterization of emotion-related attentional processes in familial risk for depression as potential vulnerability factors for the development of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Hospital Psychology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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4
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Bauer EA, Wilson KA, Phan KL, Shankman SA, MacNamara A. A Neurobiological Profile Underlying Comorbidity Load and Prospective Increases in Dysphoria in a Focal Fear Sample. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:352-361. [PMID: 36280453 PMCID: PMC10866641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying increased disease burden in anxiety disorders that is unaccounted for by individual categorical diagnoses could lead to improved clinical care. Here, we tested the utility of a joint functional magnetic resonance imaging-electroencephalography neurobiological profile characterized by overvaluation of negative stimuli (amygdala) in combination with blunted elaborated processing of these same stimuli (the late positive potential [LPP], an event-related potential) in predicting increased psychopathology across a 2-year period in people with anxiety disorders. METHODS One hundred ten participants (64 female, 45 male, 1 other) including 78 participants with phobias who varied in the extent of their internalizing comorbidity and 32 participants who were free from psychopathology viewed negative and neutral pictures during separate functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level-dependent and electroencephalogram recordings. Dysphoria was assessed at baseline and 2 years later. RESULTS Participants with both heightened amygdala activation and blunted LPPs to negative pictures showed the greatest increases in dysphoria 2 years later. Cross-sectionally, participants with higher comorbidity load (≥2 additional diagnoses, n = 34) showed increased amygdala activation to negative pictures compared with participants with lower comorbidity load (≤1 additional diagnosis, n = 44) and compared with participants free from psychopathology. In addition, high comorbid participants showed reduced LPPs to negative pictures compared with low comorbid participants. CONCLUSIONS Heightened amygdala in response to negative stimuli in combination with blunted LPPs could indicate overvaluation of threatening stimuli in the absence of elaborated processing that might otherwise help regulate threat responding. This brain profile could underlie the worsening and maintenance of internalizing psychopathology over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bauer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| | - Kayla A Wilson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Annmarie MacNamara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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5
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Weissman MM. Pursuing the epidemiology and familial risks of depression and developing an evidence based psychotherapy. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114754. [PMID: 36070660 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This commentary, as requested, presents the highlights of my research career. The epidemiology of psychiatric disorders study, challenged in a small study, the notion that diagnosis for psychiatric disorders could be made in a community survey. This pilot study was the basis for the Epidemiology Catchment Area Study (ECA) with 18,000 participants and the many more updated surveys, which followed. The families at High and Low Risk for Depression study in its 40th year challenged the notion that children didn't get depressed and showed that parental depression was the major risk for depression, which began in youth and reoccurred over the lifespan. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), now has been tested in over 150 clinical trials, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), globally in China, Germany, Ukraine, and many more countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna M Weissman
- Diane Goldman Kemper Family Professor of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Chief, Division of Translational Epidemiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive -Unit 24, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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6
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Wu YL, Chen PC. Neurophysiology of Sensory Imagery: An Effort to Improve Online Advertising Effectiveness through Science Laboratory Experimentation. INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.im.2022.103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brush CJ, Burani K, Schmidt KM, Santopetro NJ, Hajcak G. The impact of a single session of aerobic exercise on positive emotional reactivity in depression: Insight into individual differences from the late positive potential. Behav Res Ther 2021; 144:103914. [PMID: 34218001 PMCID: PMC8610214 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Depression has been characterized by a broad disengagement from the environment, as reflected by dampened positive and negative emotional reactivity. Research has shown that acute exercise may enhance positive emotional reactivity in healthy adults. It is unknown whether it can alter positive emotional reactivity in depression. In the present study, positive emotional reactivity was assessed using the late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential before and after 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in 43 adults with current or a lifetime history of depression (Mage = 32.74 years; Min/Max = 18/59) and 18 never-depressed healthy adults (Mage = 37.94 years; Min/Max = 21/61). Acute exercise increased the LPP for healthy adults; the LPP did not change among those with current or a lifetime history of depression. A secondary aim was to identify moderators of change in positive emotional reactivity among subgroups of adults with current depression. Compared to adults with impaired mood reactivity, those with intact mood reactivity had a pre-to-post increase in the LPP. The current study provides preliminary support for the LPP as a neural indicator of exercise efficacy and highlights individual differences in response to acute exercise in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Brush
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Kreshnik Burani
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kendall M Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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8
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Panier LYX, Wickramaratne P, Alschuler DM, Weissman MM, Posner JE, Gameroff MJ, Bruder GE, Kayser J. Dissociating disorders of depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity with measures of emotional processing: A joint analysis of visual brain potentials and auditory perceptual asymmetries. Biol Psychol 2021; 160:108040. [PMID: 33556452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a multigenerational study of families at risk for depression, individuals with a lifetime history of depression had: 1) abnormal perceptual asymmetry (PA; smaller left ear/right hemisphere [RH] advantage) in a dichotic emotion recognition task, and 2) reduced RH late positive potential (P3RH) during an emotional hemifield task. We used standardized difference scores for processing auditory (PA sad-neutral) and visual (P3RH negative-neutral) stimuli for 112 participants (52 men) in a logistic regression to predict history of depression, anxiety or comorbidity of both. Whereas comorbidity was separately predicted by reduced PA (OR = 0.527, p = .042) or P3RH (OR = 0.457, p = .013) alone, an interaction between PA and P3RH (OR = 2.499, p = .011) predicted depressive disorder. Follow-up analyses revealed increased probability of depression at low (lack of emotional differentiation) and high (heightened reactivity to negative stimuli) levels of both predictors. Findings suggest that reduced or heightened right-lateralized emotional responsivity to negative stimuli may be uniquely associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya Wickramaratne
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Myrna M Weissman
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan E Posner
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc J Gameroff
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard E Bruder
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jürgen Kayser
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Hajcak G, Foti D. Significance?& Significance! Empirical, methodological, and theoretical connections between the late positive potential and P300 as neural responses to stimulus significance: An integrative review. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13570. [PMID: 32243623 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Event-related potential studies of emotional processing have focused on the late positive potential (LPP), a sustained positive deflection in the ERP that is increased for emotionally arousing stimuli. A prominent theory suggests that modulation of the LPP is a response to stimulus significance, defined in terms of the activation of appetitive and aversive motivational systems. The current review incorporates experimental studies showing that manipulations that alter the significance of stimuli alter LPP amplitude. Complementing these within-person studies, also included is individual differences research on depression wherein the LPP has been used to study reduced neural sensitivity to emotional stimuli. Finally, the current review builds an existing framework that the LPP observed in studies in emotional processing and the P300 observed in classic oddball studies may reflect a common response to stimulus significance. This integrative account has implications for the functional interpretation of these ERPs, their neurobiological mechanisms, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology and Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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10
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Arias JA, Williams C, Raghvani R, Aghajani M, Baez S, Belzung C, Booij L, Busatto G, Chiarella J, Fu CH, Ibanez A, Liddell BJ, Lowe L, Penninx BWJH, Rosa P, Kemp AH. The neuroscience of sadness: A multidisciplinary synthesis and collaborative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 111:199-228. [PMID: 32001274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sadness is typically characterized by raised inner eyebrows, lowered corners of the mouth, reduced walking speed, and slumped posture. Ancient subcortical circuitry provides a neuroanatomical foundation, extending from dorsal periaqueductal grey to subgenual anterior cingulate, the latter of which is now a treatment target in disorders of sadness. Electrophysiological studies further emphasize a role for reduced left relative to right frontal asymmetry in sadness, underpinning interest in the transcranial stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as an antidepressant target. Neuroimaging studies - including meta-analyses - indicate that sadness is associated with reduced cortical activation, which may contribute to reduced parasympathetic inhibitory control over medullary cardioacceleratory circuits. Reduced cardiac control may - in part - contribute to epidemiological reports of reduced life expectancy in affective disorders, effects equivalent to heavy smoking. We suggest that the field may be moving toward a theoretical consensus, in which different models relating to basic emotion theory and psychological constructionism may be considered as complementary, working at different levels of the phylogenetic hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Arias
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis, and Operational Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Claire Williams
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Rashmi Raghvani
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, GGZ InGeest Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Julian Chiarella
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hy Fu
- School of Psychology, University of East London, United Kingdom; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Autonoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia; Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ARC), New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Leroy Lowe
- Neuroqualia (NGO), Turo, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, GGZ InGeest Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew H Kemp
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Discipline of Psychiatry, and School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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11
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Whalen DJ, Gilbert KE, Kelly D, Hajcak G, Kappenman ES, Luby JL, Barch DM. Preschool-Onset Major Depressive Disorder is Characterized by Electrocortical Deficits in Processing Pleasant Emotional Pictures. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:91-108. [PMID: 31515716 PMCID: PMC7286427 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reductions in positive affect are a salient feature of preschool-onset major depressive disorder. Yet, little is known about the psychophysiological correlates of this blunted positive affect and whether reduced physiological responding to pleasant stimuli may differentiate depressed and healthy young children. 120 four-to-seven year old children with current depression and 63 psychiatrically healthy 4-to-7 year old children completed a simple picture-viewing task of pleasant and neutral pictures while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The early-childhood version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Depression was used to establish psychiatric diagnoses. A one-way ANCOVA was used to test for group differences in response to pleasant and neutral pictures. Young children with depression showed a reduced response to pleasant vs. neutral pictures (LPP), after controlling for children's age (F(1,180) = 4.15, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.02). The LPP for the children with preschool-onset depression (M = 0.99, SE = 0.65) was significantly smaller than the LPP in the healthy group of young children (M = 3.27, SE = 0.90). This difference did not vary as a function of depression or anhedonia severity within the group with depression or the healthy children. Similar to older children and adolescents with depression, young children with depression display reductions in responsivity to pleasant stimuli as indexed by the LPP. These findings extend prior findings indicating a blunted response to pleasant stimuli in preschool- onset depression. Given the greater neuroplasticity of emotional response and regulation, these findings suggest clinical attention to emotional response to pleasure is an important target in preschool-onset depression. Clinical trial registration information: A Randomized Control Trial of PCIT-ED for Preschool Depression; http://clinicaltrials.gov/;NCT02076425.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
| | - Kirsten E Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Danielle Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Emily S Kappenman
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
- The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Kayser J, Tenke CE, Svob C, Gameroff MJ, Miller L, Skipper J, Warner V, Wickramaratne P, Weissman MM. Family Risk for Depression and Prioritization of Religion or Spirituality: Early Neurophysiological Modulations of Motivated Attention. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:436. [PMID: 31920595 PMCID: PMC6927907 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The personal importance of religion or spirituality (R/S) has been associated with a lower risk for major depression (MDD), suicidal behavior, reduced cortical thinning and increased posterior EEG alpha, which has also been linked to antidepressant treatment response in MDD. Building on prior event-related potential (ERP) findings using an emotional hemifield paradigm, this study examined whether abnormal early (preconscious) responsivity to negative arousing stimuli, which is indicative of right parietotemporal dysfunction in both MDD patients and individuals at clinical high risk for MDD, is likewise moderated by R/S. We reanalyzed 72-channel ERP data from 127 individuals at high or low family risk for MDD (Kayser et al., 2017, NeuroImage Clin. 14, 692-707) after R/S stratification (low R/S importance, low/high risk, n = 38/61; high R/S importance, n = 15/13). ERPs were transformed to reference-free current source density (CSD) and quantified by temporal principal components analysis (tPCA). This report focused on N2 sink (peak latency 212 ms), the earliest prominent CSD-tPCA component previously found to be sensitive to emotional content. While overall N2 sink reflected activation of occipitotemporal cortex (prestriate/cuneus), as estimated via a distributed inverse solution, affective significance was marked by a relative (i.e., superimposed) positivity. Statistical analyses employed both non-parametric permutation tests and repeated measures ANOVA for mixed factorial designs with unstructured covariance matrix, including sex, age, and clinical covariates. Participants with low R/S importance, independent of risk status, showed greater ERP responsivity to negative than neutral stimuli, particularly over the right hemisphere. In contrast, early emotional ERP responsivity and asymmetry was substantially reduced for high risk individuals with high R/S importance, however, enhanced for low risk individuals with high R/S importance. Hemifield modulations of these effects (i.e., emotional ERP enhancements with left visual field/right hemisphere stimulus presentations) further corroborated these observations. Results suggest down-regulation of a right-lateralized network for salience detection at an early processing stage in high risk and high R/S importance individuals, presumably to prevent overactivation of ventral brain regions further downstream. These findings may point to a neurophysiological mechanism underlying resilience of families at risk for depression with high R/S prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kayser
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Craig E Tenke
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Connie Svob
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marc J Gameroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lisa Miller
- Spirituality Mind Body Institute, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jamie Skipper
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Virginia Warner
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Priya Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Castro MK, Bailey DH, Zinger JF, Martin EA. Late electrophysiological potentials and emotion in schizophrenia: A meta-analytic review. Schizophr Res 2019; 211:21-31. [PMID: 31324440 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is mixed evidence about emotional processing abnormalities in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, with self-reports and clinician ratings indicating significant differences between patients and controls, but studies of in-the-moment, self-reported emotional experience finding only small differences between these groups. The current meta-analysis synthesizes statistics from studies measuring the P3 and LPP, two event-related potential (ERP) components sensitive to attentional allocation, to examine whether patients exhibit ERP response abnormalities to neutral and valenced visual stimuli. METHODS Standardized mean amplitudes and standard errors of P3 and/or LPP waveforms (300-2000 ms) in response to neutral and valenced images were calculated for 13 studies (total n = 339 individuals with schizophrenia, 331 healthy controls). RESULTS In response to neutral images, there were very small, non-significant differences in ERP amplitudes between patient and control groups (k = 9; Hedges' g = -0.06, 95% CI: -055, 0.43, p = 0.81). In contrast, patients showed a small, significant reduction in ERP amplitudes compared to controls in response to negative images (k = 13; Hedges' g = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.59, -0.05, p = 0.02) and a small, but nonsignificant, reduction in amplitudes in response to positive images (k = 7; Hedges' g = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.71, 0.18, p = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The current review indicates that compared to controls, patients have slightly diminished P3 and LPP amplitudes in response to positive and negative stimuli. This small reduction may reflect decreased attention allocation, possibly indicating an abnormality during a distinct stage of early processing related to evaluating the motivational salience of a stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayan K Castro
- University of California, Irvine, United States of America.
| | - Drew H Bailey
- University of California, Irvine, United States of America.
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14
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Bartholomew ME, Heller W, Miller GA. Inhibitory control of emotional processing: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 163:5-10. [PMID: 30936042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although inhibitory control appears to support successful emotion regulation (ER; Joorman and Gotlib, 2010; McCabe et al., 2010), few emotion inhibition studies position themselves in the literature on ER, and even fewer ER studies reference the role of emotion inhibition. Perhaps contributing to this, the ER literature is frequently divided into implicit or "automatic" (which subsumes emotion inhibition) and explicit or "effortful" control (Braunstein et al., 2017; Gyurak et al., 2011). The present paper evaluates relationships among constructs of inhibitory control, emotion inhibition, and ER to assess neural evidence for and against distinctions between implicit and explicit ER. We argue that, whereas the distinction between implicit and explicit ER may appear organizationally or conceptually helpful, such categorical distinctions are not supported by available research and in fact contribute to imbalances in the research literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Bartholomew
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Wendy Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Singh MK, Leslie SM, Bhattacharjee K, Gross M, Weisman EF, Soudi LM, Phillips OR, Onopa A. Vulnerabilities in sequencing and task switching in healthy youth offspring of parents with mood disorders. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2018; 40:606-618. [PMID: 29168420 PMCID: PMC6167013 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1401597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visuospatial processing and task switching are impaired in individuals with mood disorders. It is unknown whether early deficits are present before mood symptom on set or are related to risk for a specific type of mood disorder. To investigate, we compared visual attention and task switching during sequencing among never-disordered youth with parental family histories of bipolar (BD) and major depressive disorders (MDD) and healthy controls (HC) with no personal or family history of psychopathology. METHOD 8-17-year-old youth of parents with BD (n = 31, "BD-risk"), youth of parents with MDD (n = 49, "MDD-risk"), and demographically similar HC (n = 31, "HC") were examined using the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System Trail Making Test. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) was collected from a subset of 88 participants (25 BD-risk, 37 MDD-risk, 26 HC) to investigate group differences in RSFC related to visuospatial processing. RESULTS BD-risk and MDD-risk offspring had impaired sequencing and task switching, demonstrated by reduced scores on visual scanning, F(2, 108) = 4.12, p = .02, number sequencing, F(2, 88) = 4.75, p = .01, letter sequencing, F(2, 108) = 4.24, p = .02, and number-letter sequencing, F(2, 108) = 4.66, p = .01, compared to scores in HC. RSFC between the posterior cingulate (PCC) and clusters in the subcallosal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus significantly differed among HC, BD-risk, and MDD-risk groups. PCC-subcallosal/limbic RSFC was positively coupled in the MDD-risk and BD-risk groups and negatively coupled in HCs. CONCLUSIONS Youth at familial risk for mood disorders demonstrate visuospatial deficits early in the processing stream. Improved methods for identifying at-risk children with the earliest possible neurocognitive impairments may inform remediation strategies that could prevent mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K Singh
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Sara M Leslie
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Kalpa Bhattacharjee
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Melina Gross
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Elizabeth F Weisman
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Laila M Soudi
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Owen R Phillips
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Alexander Onopa
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
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16
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Klumpp H, Shankman SA. Using Event-Related Potentials and Startle to Evaluate Time Course in Anxiety and Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:10-18. [PMID: 29397073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria initiative is a research framework designed toward understanding psychopathology as abnormalities of dimensional neurobehavioral constructs rather than in terms of DSM-defined categories. Research Domain Criteria constructs within the negative valence domain are particularly relevant for understanding anxiety and depressive disorders, which are pervasive, debilitating, and characterized by negative processing bias. One important direction for Research Domain Criteria research is investigating processes and parameters related to the time course (or chronometry) of negative valenced constructs. Two reliable methods for assessing chronometry are event-related potentials (ERPs) and startle blink. In this qualitative review, we examine ERP and startle studies of individuals with anxiety or depression or individuals vulnerable to affective disorders. The aim of the review is to highlight how these methods can inform the role of chronometry in the spectrum of anxiety and depression. ERP studies examining different chronometry facets of negative valenced responses have shown that transdiagnostic groups of individuals with internalizing psychopathologies exhibit abnormalities at early stages of processing. Startle reactivity studies have robustly differentiated fear-based disorders (e.g., panic disorder, social phobia) from other anxiety disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder) and have also shown that different internalizing phenotypes exhibit different patterns of habituation. Findings lend support to the value of ERP and startle measures in identifying groups that cut across conventional classification systems. We also highlight methodological issues that can aid in the validity and reproducibility of ERP and startle findings and, ultimately, in the goal of developing more precise models of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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17
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Bruder GE, Stewart JW, McGrath PJ. Right brain, left brain in depressive disorders: Clinical and theoretical implications of behavioral, electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 78:178-191. [PMID: 28445740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The right and left side of the brain are asymmetric in anatomy and function. We review electrophysiological (EEG and event-related potential), behavioral (dichotic and visual perceptual asymmetry), and neuroimaging (PET, MRI, NIRS) evidence of right-left asymmetry in depressive disorders. Recent electrophysiological and fMRI studies of emotional processing have provided new evidence of altered laterality in depressive disorders. EEG alpha asymmetry and neuroimaging findings at rest and during cognitive or emotional tasks are consistent with reduced left prefrontal activity in depressed patients, which may impair downregulation of amygdala response to negative emotional information. Dichotic listening and visual hemifield findings for non-verbal or emotional processing have revealed abnormal perceptual asymmetry in depressive disorders, and electrophysiological findings have shown reduced right-lateralized responsivity to emotional stimuli in occipitotemporal or parietotemporal cortex. We discuss models of neural networks underlying these alterations. Of clinical relevance, individual differences among depressed patients on measures of right-left brain function are related to diagnostic subtype of depression, comorbidity with anxiety disorders, and clinical response to antidepressants or cognitive behavioral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard E Bruder
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
| | - Jonathan W Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, USA; Depression Evaluation Service, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
| | - Patrick J McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, USA; Depression Evaluation Service, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
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