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Romera FJ, García MJ, Lucena C, Angulo M, Pérez-Vicente R. NO Is Not the Same as GSNO in the Regulation of Fe Deficiency Responses by Dicot Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12617. [PMID: 37628796 PMCID: PMC10454737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is abundant in soils but with a poor availability for plants, especially in calcareous soils. To favor its acquisition, plants develop morphological and physiological responses, mainly in their roots, known as Fe deficiency responses. In dicot plants, the regulation of these responses is not totally known, but some hormones and signaling molecules, such as auxin, ethylene, glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), have been involved in their activation. Most of these substances, including auxin, ethylene, GSH and NO, increase their production in Fe-deficient roots while GSNO, derived from GSH and NO, decreases its content. This paradoxical result could be explained with the increased expression and activity in Fe-deficient roots of the GSNO reductase (GSNOR) enzyme, which decomposes GSNO to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and NH3. The fact that NO content increases while GSNO decreases in Fe-deficient roots suggests that NO and GSNO do not play the same role in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses. This review is an update of the results supporting a role for NO, GSNO and GSNOR in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses. The possible roles of NO and GSNO are discussed by taking into account their mode of action through post-translational modifications, such as S-nitrosylation, and through their interactions with the hormones auxin and ethylene, directly related to the activation of morphological and physiological responses to Fe deficiency in dicot plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Romera
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (F.J.R.); (M.A.)
| | - María José García
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (F.J.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.L.); (R.P.-V.)
| | - Macarena Angulo
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (F.J.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.L.); (R.P.-V.)
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Wei L, Zhang J, Wei S, Wang C, Deng Y, Hu D, Liu H, Gong W, Pan Y, Liao W. Nitric oxide alleviates salt stress through protein S-nitrosylation and transcriptional regulation in tomato seedlings. PLANTA 2022; 256:101. [PMID: 36271196 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
NO enhances the resistance of tomato seedlings to salt stress through protein S-nitrosylation and transcriptional regulation, which involves the regulation of MAPK signaling and carbohydrate metabolism. Nitric oxide (NO) regulates various physiological and biochemical processes and stress responses in plants. We found that S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) treatment significantly promoted the growth of tomato seedling under NaCl stress, indicating that NO plays a positive role in salt stress resistance. Moreover, GSNO pretreatment resulted in an increase of endogenous NO level, S-nitrosothiol (SNO) content, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity and GSNOR expression under salt stress, implicating that S-nitrosylation might be involved in NO-alleviating salt stress. To further explore whether S-nitrosylation is a key molecular mechanism of NO-alleviating salt stress, the biotin-switch technique and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were conducted. A total of 1054 putative S-nitrosylated proteins have been identified, which were mainly enriched in chloroplast, cytoplasm and mitochondrion. Among them, 15 and 22 S-nitrosylated proteins were involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolism, respectively. In MAPK signaling, various S-nitrosylated proteins, SAM1, SAM3, SAM, PP2C and SnRK, were down-regulated and MAPK, MAPKK and MAPKK5 were up-regulated at the transcriptional level by GSNO treatment under salt stress compared to NaCl treatment alone. The GSNO pretreatment could reduce ethylene production and ABA content under NaCl stress. In addition, the activities of enzyme identified in carbohydrate metabolism, their expression at the transcriptional level and the metabolite content were up-regulated by GSNO supplication under salt stress, resulting in the activation of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycles. Thus, these results demonstrated that NO might beneficially regulate MAPK signaling at transcriptional levels and activate carbohydrate metabolism at the post-translational and transcriptional level, protecting seedlings from energy deficiency and salinity, thereby alleviating salt stress-induced damage in tomato seedlings. It provides initial insights into the regulatory mechanisms of NO in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouhui Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzheng Deng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huwei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Gong
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Pan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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Borges Araujo AJ, Cerruti GV, Zuccarelli R, Rodriguez Ruiz M, Freschi L, Singh R, Moerschbacher BM, Floh EIS, Wendt dos Santos AL. Proteomic Analysis of S-Nitrosation Sites During Somatic Embryogenesis in Brazilian Pine, Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902068. [PMID: 35845673 PMCID: PMC9280032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine S-nitrosation is a redox-based post-translational modification that mediates nitric oxide (NO) regulation of various aspects of plant growth, development and stress responses. Despite its importance, studies exploring protein signaling pathways that are regulated by S-nitrosation during somatic embryogenesis have not been performed. In the present study, endogenous cysteine S-nitrosation site and S-nitrosated proteins were identified by iodo-TMT labeling during somatic embryogenesis in Brazilian pine, an endangered native conifer of South America. In addition, endogenous -S-nitrosothiol (SNO) levels and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity were determined in cell lines with contrasting embryogenic potential. Overall, we identified an array of proteins associated with a large variety of biological processes and molecular functions with some of them already described as important for somatic embryogenesis (Class IV chitinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 and dehydroascorbate reductase). In total, our S-nitrosoproteome analyses identified 18 endogenously S-nitrosated proteins and 50 in vitro S-nitrosated proteins (after GSNO treatment) during cell culture proliferation and embryo development. Furthermore, SNO levels and GSNOR activity were increased during embryo formation. These findings expand our understanding of the Brazilian pine proteome and shed novel insights into the potential use of pharmacological manipulation of NO levels by using NO inhibitors and donors during somatic embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Zuccarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Rodriguez Ruiz
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ratna Singh
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Eny Iochevet Segal Floh
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Design and Synthesis of New Acridone-Based Nitric Oxide Fluorescent Probe. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144340. [PMID: 34299615 PMCID: PMC8307419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Fluorescent imaging is a useful tool for monitoring NO concentration, which could be essential in various biological and biochemical studies. Here, we report the design of a novel small-molecule fluorescent probe based on 9(10H)acridone moiety for nitric oxide sensing. 7,8-Diamino-4-carboxy-10-methyl-9(10H)acridone reacts with NO in aqueous media in the presence of O2, yielding a corresponding triazole derivative with fivefold increased fluorescence intensity. The probe was shown to be capable of nitric oxide sensing in living Jurkat cells.
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Pan C, Li X, Yao S, Luo S, Liu S, Wang A, Xiao D, Zhan J, He L. S-nitrosated proteomic analysis reveals the regulatory roles of protein S-nitrosation and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase during Al-induced PCD in peanut root tips. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 308:110931. [PMID: 34034861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide-mediated S-nitrosation through S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) plays important roles in cellular processes and signaling of plants; however, the regulatory mechanism of programmed cell death (PCD) by S-nitrosation remains unclear. In this study, the S-nitrosated proteomic and functions of GSNOR during Al-induced PCD in peanut were investigated. Al stress induced an increase of S-nitrosothiol (SNO) content and GSNOR activity in Al-induced PCD. There was significant positive correlation between SNO content and hydrogen peroxide content. The S-nitrosated proteomic analysis identified 402 S-nitrosated proteins containing 551 S-nitrosated sites during Al-induced PCD in the root tips of peanut. These S-nitrosated proteins were involved in regulation of various biological processes including energy metabolism, maintenance of cell wall function and organic acid secretion. Among them, 128 S-nitrosated proteins were up-regulated and one was down-regulated after Al stress. Experiments with recombinant AhGSNOR revealed that activity of the enzyme was inhibited by its S-nitrosation, with a moderate decrease of 17.9 % after 100 μM GSNO incubation. These data provide novel insights to understanding the functional mechanism of NO-mediated S-nitrosation during plant PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Pan
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shaochang Yao
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuzhen Luo
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Songying Liu
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, China.
| | - Longfei He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, China.
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Zhang T, Ma M, Chen T, Zhang L, Fan L, Zhang W, Wei B, Li S, Xuan W, Noctor G, Han Y. Glutathione-dependent denitrosation of GSNOR1 promotes oxidative signalling downstream of H 2 O 2. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1175-1191. [PMID: 31990075 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiratory hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) plays key roles in pathogenesis responses by triggering the salicylic acid (SA) pathway in Arabidopsis. However, factors linking intracellular H2 O2 to activation of the SA pathway remain elusive. In this work, the catalase-deficient Arabidopsis mutant, cat2, was exploited to elucidate the impact of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) on H2 O2 -dependent signalling pathways. Introducing the gsnor1-3 mutation into the cat2 background increased S-nitrosothiol levels and abolished cat2-triggered cell death, SA accumulation, and associated gene expression but had little additional effect on the major components of the ascorbate-glutathione system or glycolate oxidase activities. Differential transcriptome profiles between gsnor1-3 and cat2 gsnor1-3 together with damped ROS-triggered gene expression in cat2 gsnor1-3 further indicated that GSNOR1 acts to mediate the SA pathway downstream of H2 O2 . Up-regulation of GSNOR activity was compromised in cat2 cad2 and cat2 pad2 mutants in which glutathione accumulation was genetically prevented. Experiments with purified recombinant GSNOR revealed that the enzyme is posttranslationally regulated by direct denitrosation in a glutathione-dependent manner. Together, our findings identify GSNOR1-controlled nitrosation as a key factor in activation of the SA pathway by H2 O2 and reveal that glutathione is required to maintain this biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianru Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mingyue Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université Evry, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Yi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Mioto PT, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Detection of Protein S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) in Plant Samples on Diaminofluorescein (DAF) Gels. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2559. [PMID: 34541203 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant cells, the analysis of protein S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) under physiological and adverse stress conditions is essential to understand the mechanisms of Nitric oxide (NO)-based signaling. We adapted a previously reported protocol for detecting protein SNOs in animal systems ( King et al., 2005 ) for plant samples. Briefly, proteins from plant samples are separated via non-reducing SDS-PAGE, then the NO bound by S-nitrosylated proteins is released using UV light and, finally, the NO is detected using the fluorescent probe DAF-FM (Rodriguez-Ruiz et al., 2017). Thus, the approach presented here provides a relatively quick and economical procedure that can be used to compare protein SNOs content in plant samples and provide insight in NO-based signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - Paulo T Mioto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
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