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Martínez Barreiro M, Vázquez Alberdi L, De León L, Avellanal G, Duarte A, Anzibar Fialho M, Baranger J, Calero M, Rubido N, Tanter M, Negreira C, Brum J, Damián JP, Kun A. In Vivo Ultrafast Doppler Imaging Combined with Confocal Microscopy and Behavioral Approaches to Gain Insight into the Central Expression of Peripheral Neuropathy in Trembler-J Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1324. [PMID: 37887034 PMCID: PMC10604841 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The main human hereditary peripheral neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth, CMT), manifests in progressive sensory and motor deficits. Mutations in the compact myelin protein gene pmp22 cause more than 50% of all CMTs. CMT1E is a subtype of CMT1 myelinopathy carrying micro-mutations in pmp22. The Trembler-J mice have a spontaneous mutation in pmp22 identical to that present in CMT1E human patients. PMP22 is mainly (but not exclusively) expressed in Schwann cells. Some studies have found the presence of pmp22 together with some anomalies in the CNS of CMT patients. Recently, we identified the presence of higher hippocampal pmp22 expression and elevated levels of anxious behavior in TrJ/+ compared to those observed in wt. In the present paper, we delve deeper into the central expression of the neuropathy modeled in Trembler-J analyzing in vivo the cerebrovascular component by Ultrafast Doppler, exploring the vascular structure by scanning laser confocal microscopy, and analyzing the behavioral profile by anxiety and motor difficulty tests. We have found that TrJ/+ hippocampi have increased blood flow and a higher vessel volume compared with the wild type. Together with this, we found an anxiety-like profile in TrJ/+ and the motor difficulties described earlier. We demonstrate that there are specific cerebrovascular hemodynamics associated with a vascular structure and anxious behavior associated with the TrJ/+ clinical phenotype, a model of the human CMT1E disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Martínez Barreiro
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Lucia Vázquez Alberdi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Lucila De León
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay; (L.D.L.); (G.A.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Guadalupe Avellanal
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay; (L.D.L.); (G.A.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Andrea Duarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Maximiliano Anzibar Fialho
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
- Física No Lineal, Instituto de Física de Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
| | - Jérôme Baranger
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS UMR 8063, 75012 Paris, France; (J.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Miguel Calero
- Unidad de Encefalopatías Espongiformes, UFIEC, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Queen Sofia Foundation—Alzheimer Center, CIEN Foundation, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Rubido
- Física No Lineal, Instituto de Física de Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS UMR 8063, 75012 Paris, France; (J.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlos Negreira
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Javier Brum
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Juan Pablo Damián
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay; (L.D.L.); (G.A.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Alejandra Kun
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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Palu E, Järvilehto J, Pennonen J, Huber N, Herukka SK, Haapasalo A, Isohanni P, Tyynismaa H, Auranen M, Ylikallio E. Rare PMP22 variants in mild to severe neuropathy uncorrelated to plasma GDF15 or neurofilament light. Neurogenetics 2023; 24:291-301. [PMID: 37606798 PMCID: PMC10545620 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-023-00729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heterogeneous set of hereditary neuropathies whose genetic causes are not fully understood. Here, we characterize three previously unknown variants in PMP22 and assess their effect on the recently described potential CMT biomarkers' growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and neurofilament light (NFL): first, a heterozygous PMP22 c.178G > A (p.Glu60Lys) in one mother-son pair with adult-onset mild axonal neuropathy. The variant led to abnormal splicing, confirmed in fibroblasts by reverse transcription PCR. Second, a de novo PMP22 c.35A > C (p.His12Pro), and third, a heterozygous 3.2 kb deletion predicting loss of exon 4. The latter two had severe CMT and ultrasonography showing strong nerve enlargement similar to a previous case of exon 4 loss due to a larger deletion. We further studied patients with PMP22 duplication (CMT1A) finding slightly elevated plasma NFL, as measured by the single molecule array immunoassay (SIMOA). In addition, plasma GDF15, as measured by ELISA, correlated with symptom severity for CMT1A. However, in the severely affected individuals with PMP22 exon 4 deletion or p.His12Pro, these biomarkers were within the range of variability of CMT1A and controls, although they had more pronounced nerve hypertrophy. This study adds p.His12Pro and confirms PMP22 exon 4 deletion as causes of severe CMT, whereas the previously unknown splice variant p.Glu60Lys leads to mild axonal neuropathy. Our results suggest that GDF15 and NFL do not distinguish CMT1A from advanced hypertrophic neuropathy caused by rare PMP22 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Palu
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julius Järvilehto
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jana Pennonen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadine Huber
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Child Neurology, New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Room 525B, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Room 525B, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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Moss KR, Bopp TS, Johnson AE, Höke A. New evidence for secondary axonal degeneration in demyelinating neuropathies. Neurosci Lett 2021; 744:135595. [PMID: 33359733 PMCID: PMC7852893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin involves a coordinated series of events between growing axons and the Schwann cell (SC) progenitors that will eventually ensheath them. Myelin sheaths have evolved out of necessity to maintain rapid impulse propagation while accounting for body space constraints. However, myelinating SCs perform additional critical functions that are required to preserve axonal integrity including mitigating energy consumption by establishing the nodal architecture, regulating axon caliber by organizing axonal cytoskeleton networks, providing trophic and potentially metabolic support, possibly supplying genetic translation materials and protecting axons from toxic insults. The intermediate steps between the loss of these functions and the initiation of axon degeneration are unknown but the importance of these processes provides insightful clues. Prevalent demyelinating diseases of the PNS include the inherited neuropathies Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 1 (CMT1) and Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsies (HNPP) and the inflammatory diseases Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP). Secondary axon degeneration is a common feature of demyelinating neuropathies and this process is often correlated with clinical deficits and long-lasting disability in patients. There is abundant electrophysiological and histological evidence for secondary axon degeneration in patients and rodent models of PNS demyelinating diseases. Fully understanding the involvement of secondary axon degeneration in these diseases is essential for expanding our knowledge of disease pathogenesis and prognosis, which will be essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Moss
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Taylor S Bopp
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna E Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Abstract
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathy is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disease with a prevalence of about 1:2,500. The most frequent form is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT, or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy [HMSN]). Other clinical entities are hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN), and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN). With the exception of HNPP, which is almost always caused by defects of the PMP22 gene, all other forms show genetic heterogeneity with altogether more than 100 genes involved. Mutation detection rates vary considerably, reaching up to 80 % in demyelinating CMT (CMT1) but are still as low as 10–30 % in axonal CMT (CMT2), dHMN, and HSAN. Based on current information, analysis of only four genes (PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, MFN2) identifies 80–90 % of CMT-causing mutations that can be detected in all known disease genes. For the remaining patients, parallel analysis of multiple neuropathy genes using next-generation sequencing is now replacing phenotype-oriented multistep gene-by-gene sequencing. Such approaches tend to generate a wealth of genetic information that requires comprehensive evaluation of the pathogenic relevance of identified variants. In this review, we present current classification systems, specific phenotypic clues, and diagnostic yields in the different subgroups of hereditary CMT and motor neuropathies.
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Liu X, Duan X, Zhang Y, Fan D. Clinical and Genetic Diversity of PMP22 Mutations in a Large Cohort of Chinese Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:630. [PMID: 32719652 PMCID: PMC7347970 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical and genetic diversity of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) in Chinese patients with CMT disease and evaluate their correlations with the clinical manifestations. Using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique and Sanger sequencing of PMP22 in a cohort of 465 Chinese families between 2007 and 2019, we identified 137 pedigrees with PMP22 duplications (29.5%), 26 pedigrees with PMP22 deletions (5.6%), and 10 pedigrees with point mutations (2.2%). By comparing our data with the results from other CMT centers in China, we estimate that the frequency of PMP22 mutation in mainland China is ~23.3% (261/1120). We confirmed de novo mutations in 40% (4/10) of PMP22 point mutations. We have also identified two severely affected patients who are compound heterozygotes for recessive PMP22 mutations (novel mutation c.320-1 G>A and R157W mutation) and a 1.5 Mb deletion in 17p11.2-p12, suggesting that c.320-1 G>A might be another recessive allele contributing to DSS in addition to the T118M and R157W mutations. A de novo mutation of S79P in PMP22 was also identified concomitantly with the R94W mutation in mitofusin2 (MFN2). Our study highlights the phenotypic variability associated with PMP22 mutations in mainland China. The results provide valuable insights into the current strategy of genetic testing for CMT disease. NGS technology has increased the potential for efficient detection of variants of unknown significance (VUS) and concurrent causative genes. Greater cooperation between neurologists and molecular biologists is needed in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingshuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Nagappa M, Sharma S, Govindaraj P, Chickabasaviah YT, Siram R, Shroti A, Debnath M, Sinha S, Bindu PS, Taly AB. PMP22 Gene-Associated Neuropathies: Phenotypic Spectrum in a Cohort from India. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:778-789. [PMID: 31993930 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reports of spectrum of clinical manifestations in PMP22 gene-associated neuropathies (duplication/mutations) are scarce. To identify the frequency of PMP22 gene variations and establish their genotype-phenotype correlation. Patients with suspected genetic demyelinating neuropathy (n = 128) underwent evaluation for copy number variations and point mutations in PMP22 gene by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and direct sequencing respectively. Of these, only 27 patients (M:F:19:8) from 18 families had PMP22 gene-associated neuropathy; they were subsequently analyzed for genotype-phenotype correlation. Twenty-five patients had PMP22 duplication while two patients had PMP22 missense mutations (p.A114V and p.L80P). Age at onset of neuropathy ranged from infancy to 63 years and symptom duration ranged from 2 to 32 years. Cranial nerve dysfunction in the form of ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, bifacial weakness, and sensorineural hearing loss was observed in addition to a number of systemic features. Three patients were asymptomatic. All except one patient were ambulant. Velocity of median nerve and amplitude of evoked motor responses from common peroneal nerve were significantly reduced in male patients. There was significantly worse disability in the late-onset group as compared with the early-onset group. Otherwise, the mean age at onset, frequency of skeletal deformities, patterns of motor weakness, muscle stretch reflexes, sensory impairment, disability rating scales, and electrophysiological parameters were comparable irrespective of gender, onset age, family history and ulnar nerve conduction velocities. The relatively low frequency of PMP22 duplication in the present cohort warrants a more comprehensive search to establish the genetic etiology. Further research into the role of other genetic variants as well as modifier genes and their effect on phenotypic heterogeneity is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Nagappa
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India. .,Neuromuscular Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.,Neuromuscular Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.,Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Periyasamy Govindaraj
- Neuromuscular Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.,Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Yasha T Chickabasaviah
- Neuromuscular Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.,Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Ramesh Siram
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Akhilesh Shroti
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Sanjib Sinha
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Parayil S Bindu
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.,Neuromuscular Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Arun B Taly
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.,Neuromuscular Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: experience from a large Italian tertiary neuromuscular center. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1239-1243. [PMID: 31902012 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited neuromuscular disease. Thanks to the advances of the latest generation sequencing, more than 80 causative genes have been reported to date. METHODS In this retrospective, observational study, we have analyzed clinical, electrophysiological, and genetic data of CMT patients in care at Neuromuscular Center of Messina University Hospital, Messina, Italy, for at least 22 years (from 1994 to 2016). Our center is the only reference center for genetic neuropathies in Sicily and in the southern part of Calabria. RESULTS We reviewed the clinical records of 566 patients with the aim to evaluate how many patients received a genetic diagnosis and the distribution of the genetic subtypes. About 352/566 (62.19%) received a genetic diagnosis. The most frequent genetic diagnoses were CMT1A/PMP22 duplication (51.13%), followed by HNPP/PMP22 deletion (15.05%), CMT1B/MPZ mutation (10.22%), CMTX/GJB1 mutation (9.37%), and CMT2F/HSPB1 (4%). Other rare mutations included MFN2 mutation (n. 8 pts), BSCL2 mutation (n.8 pts), PMP22 point mutation (n.7 pts), GDAP1 mutation (n.4 pts), GARSmutation (n. 2 pts), TRPV4 mutation (n. 2 pts), LITAF mutation (n.1 pt), and NEFL mutation (n. 1 pt). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides further data on frequency of CMT genes, subtypes in a wide Mediterranean area and contributes to help clinicians in addressing the genetic testing workup.
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Wu R, Fu J, Meng L, Lv H, Wang Z, Zhirong J, Yuan Y. Homozygous splice‐site mutation c.78 + 5G>A in
PMP22
causes congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy. Neuropathology 2019; 39:441-446. [PMID: 31777123 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Lingchao Meng
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - He Lv
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Jia Zhirong
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First Hospital Beijing China
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9
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Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies. J Neurol 2019; 267:2198-2206. [PMID: 30989370 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is characterized by recurrent sensory and motor neuropathy in individual nerves starting in adolescence or young adulthood, focal conduction abnormalities at entrapment sites on nerve conduction studies, and sausage-like swellings (tomacula) of the myelin sheaths by nerve biopsy. It is characterized genetically by the deletion of the chromosome 17p11.2-p12 region including the peripheral myelin protein-22 gene in the overwhelming majority of cases. HNPP may be frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed owing to the heterogeneity of clinical and electrophysiological appearance. The main objective of this review is to describe clinical manifestations, paraclinical features such as electrodiagnostic, pathological, radiological and genetics findings, and possible treatments.
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Neubauer K, Boeckelmann D, Koehler U, Kracht J, Kirschner J, Pendziwiat M, Zieger B. Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy in childhood caused by duplication within the SEPT9 gene: A family study. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 76:131-136. [PMID: 30019529 PMCID: PMC6585727 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with episodic, recurrent, and painful neuropathies affecting the nerves of the brachial plexus. In this study, we report on a family of Lebanese descent with HNA onset in early childhood. The affected family members presented with platelet dysfunction. Platelet aggregation was reduced after stimulation with the agonists ADP and epinephrine in all affected family members. Flow cytometric analyses revealed impaired platelet δ‐secretion. The index patient and one brother suffered from kidney cysts. Molecular genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous duplication of exon 2 within the septin 9 (SEPT9) gene in all the affected family members. Such a young child with HNA (aged 2 years) caused by SEPT9 duplication has not been described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Neubauer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Doris Boeckelmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Udo Koehler
- Department of Medical Genetics, MGZ - Medical Genetics Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Kracht
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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He J, Guo L, Xu G, Xu L, Lin S, Chen W, Wang N. Clinical and genetic investigation in Chinese patients with demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2018; 23:216-226. [PMID: 29896895 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common subtype of CMT. It is caused mainly by 17p11.2 heterozygous duplication, but also by mutations in more than 20 genes which affect development and function of Schwann cells. To investigate the profile of genes mutated and clinical features in demyelinating CMT of Chinese descent, we collected a cohort of 44 demyelinating CMT patients and screened them using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The MLPA technology revealed that 77.3% demyelinating CMT patients harbored 17p11.2 heterozygous duplication and 6.8% patients harbored heterozygous deletion of exon 6 of MPZ gene, that was further confirmed a novel c.674_675insA mutation in MPZ gene. In the patients with 17p12 heterozygous duplication, 3 sets of independent families were discordant for the CMT phenotype within the same family. The targeted NGS technology revealed that 6 candidate mutations including 1 previously reported mutation (GDAP1: c.571C>T) and 5 novel mutations (SBF2: c.415T>C, c.619G>T, c.1258A>G; GDAP1: c.589delC; PMP22: c.318delT) were found. In conclusion, combined MLPA technique with targeted NGS, the demyelinating CMT genetic diagnostic success rate was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guorong Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanjin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Li LX, Dong HL, Xiao BG, Wu ZY. A Novel Missense Mutation in Peripheral Myelin Protein-22 Causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:1779-1784. [PMID: 28748849 PMCID: PMC5547828 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.211539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy. A great number of causative genes have been described in CMT, and among them, the heterozygous duplication of peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22) is the major cause. Although the missense mutation in PMP22 is rarely reported, it has been demonstrated to be associated with CMT. This study described a novel missense mutation of PMP22 in a Chinese family with CMT phenotype. Methods: Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to screen the causative genes in a family featured with an autosomal dominant demyelinating form of CMT. The potential variants identified by targeted NGS were verified by Sanger sequencing and classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines. Further cell transfection studies were performed to characterize the function of the novel variant. Results: Using targeted NGS, a novel heterozygous missense variant in PMP22 (c.320G>A, p.G107D) was identified. In vitro cell functional studies revealed that mutant PMP22 protein carrying p.G107D mutation lost the ability to reach the plasma membrane, was mainly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, and induced cell apoptosis. Conclusions: This study supported the notion that missense mutations in PMP22 give rise to a CMT phenotype, possibly through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xi Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hai-Lin Dong
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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13
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Liao YC, Tsai PC, Lin TS, Hsiao CT, Chao NC, Lin KP, Lee YC. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of PMP22 point mutations in Taiwanese patients with Inherited Neuropathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15363. [PMID: 29127354 PMCID: PMC5681590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Point mutations in the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene have been identified to cause demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP). To investigate the mutation spectrum of PMP22 in Han-Chinese population residing in Taiwan, 53 patients with molecularly unassigned demyelinating CMT and 52 patients with HNPP-like neuropathy of unknown genetic causes were screened for PMP22 mutations by Sanger sequencing. Three point mutations were identified in four patients with demyelinating CMT, including c.256 C > T (p.Q86X) in two, and c.310delA (p.I104FfsX7) and c.319 + 1G > A in one each. One PMP22 missense mutation, c.124 T > C (p.C42R), was identified in a patient with HNPP-like neuropathy. The clinical presentations of these mutations vary from mild HNPP-like syndrome to severe infantile-onset demyelinating CMT. In vitro analyses revealed that both PMP22 p.Q86X and p.I104FfsX7 mutations result in truncated PMP22 proteins that are almost totally retained within cytosol, whereas the p.C42R mutation partially impairs cell membrane localization of PMP22 protein. In conclusion, PMP22 point mutations account for 7.5% and 1.9% of demyelinating CMT and HNPP patients with unknown genetic causes, respectively. This study delineates the clinical and molecular features of PMP22 point mutations in Taiwan, and emphasizes their roles in demyelinating CMT or HNPP-like neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Thy-Sheng Lin
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nai-Chen Chao
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kon-Ping Lin
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Li LX, Liu GL, Liu ZJ, Lu C, Wu ZY. Identification and functional characterization of two missense mutations in NDRG1 associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1569-1578. [PMID: 28776325 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D (CMT4D) is an autosomal-recessive demyelinating form of CMT characterized by a severe distal motor and sensory neuropathy. NDRG1 is the causative gene for CMT4D. To date, only four mutations in NDRG1 -c.442C>T (p.Arg148*), c.739delC (p.His247Thrfs*74), c.538-1G>A, and duplication of exons 6-8-have been described in CMT4D patients. Here, using targeted next-generation sequencing examination, we identified for the first time two homozygous missense variants in NDRG1, c.437T>C (p.Leu146Pro) and c.701G>A (p.Arg234Gln), in two Chinese CMT families with consanguineous histories. Further functional studies were performed to characterize the biological effects of these variants. Cell culture transfection studies showed that mutant NDRG1 carrying p.Leu146Pro, p.Arg148*, or p.Arg234Gln variant degraded faster than wild-type NDRG1, resulting in lower protein levels. Live cell confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated that these variants did not disrupt the interaction between NDRG1 and Rab4a protein. However, NDRG1-knockdown cells expressing mutant NDRG1 displayed enlarged Rab4a-positive compartments. Moreover, mutant NDRG1 could not enhance the uptake of DiI-LDL or increase the fraction of low-density lipoprotein receptor on the cell surface. Taken together, our study described two missense mutations in NDRG1 and emphasized the important role of NDRG1 in intracellular protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xi Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong-Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Haidar M, Timmerman V. Autophagy as an Emerging Common Pathomechanism in Inherited Peripheral Neuropathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:143. [PMID: 28553203 PMCID: PMC5425483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) comprise a growing list of genetically heterogeneous diseases. With mutations in more than 80 genes being reported to cause IPNs, a wide spectrum of functional consequences is expected to follow this genotypic diversity. Hence, the search for a common pathomechanism among the different phenotypes has become the holy grail of functional research into IPNs. During the last decade, studies on several affected genes have shown a direct and/or indirect correlation with autophagy. Autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process, is required for the removal of cell aggregates, long-lived proteins and dead organelles from the cell in double-membraned vesicles destined for the lysosomes. As an evolutionarily highly conserved process, autophagy is essential for the survival and proper functioning of the cell. Recently, neuronal cells have been shown to be particularly vulnerable to disruption of the autophagic pathway. Furthermore, autophagy has been shown to be affected in various common neurodegenerative diseases of both the central and the peripheral nervous system including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. In this review we provide an overview of the genes involved in hereditary neuropathies which are linked to autophagy and we propose the disruption of the autophagic flux as an emerging common pathomechanism. We also shed light on the different steps of the autophagy pathway linked to these genes. Finally, we review the concept of autophagy being a therapeutic target in IPNs, and the possibilities and challenges of this pathway-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Haidar
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
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16
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Sun B, Chen Z, Ling L, Yang F, Huang X. Clinical and genetic spectra of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in Chinese Han patients. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2017; 22:13-18. [PMID: 27862672 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a common hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Epidemiological data for Chinese CMT patients are few. This study aimed to analyze the electrophysiological and genetic characteristics of Chinese Han patients. A total of 106 unrelated patients with the clinical diagnosis of CMT were included. Clinical examination, nerve conduction studies (NCS), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Genetic testing was performed for 82 patients; 27 (33%) patients carried known CMT-associated gene mutations. PMP22 duplication was detected in 10 (12%) patients and GJB1 mutations in 9 (11%) patients. The mutation rate was higher in patients with a positive family history than in the sporadic cases (50% vs. 27%, p < 0.05). Six novel CMT-associated gene mutations including BSCL2 (c.461C>T), LITAF (c.32C>G), MFN2 (c.497C>T), GARS (c.794C>T), NEFL (c.280C>T), and MPZ (c.440T>C) were discovered. All except the LITAF (c.32C>G) mutation were identified as "disease causing" via bioinformatic analyses. In this Chinese Han population, the frequency of PMP22 gene duplication in those with CMT1 was slightly (50% vs. 70%-80%) less than in Western/Caucasian populations. The novel CMT-associated gene mutations broaden the mutation diversity of CMT1. NGS should be considered for genetic analyses in CMT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xusheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Brandt AU, Meinert-Bohn E, Rinnenthal JL, Zimmermann H, Mikolajczak J, Oberwahrenbrock T, Papazoglou S, Pfüller CF, Schinzel J, Tackenberg B, Paul F, Hahn K, Bellmann-Strobl J. Afferent Visual Pathway Affection in Patients with PMP22 Deletion-Related Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164617. [PMID: 27749933 PMCID: PMC5066968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PMP22 gene encodes a protein integral to peripheral myelin. Its deletion leads to hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). PMP22 is not expressed in the adult central nervous system, but previous studies suggest a role in CNS myelin development. The objective of this study was to identify potential structural and functional alterations in the afferent visual system in HNPP patients. METHODS Twenty HNPP patients and 18 matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Participants underwent neurological examination including visual acuity, visual evoked potential (VEP) examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and magnetic resonance imaging with calculation of brain atrophy, regarding grey and white matter, and voxel based morphometry (VBM), in addition answered the National Eye Institute's 39-item Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ). Thirteen patients and 6 HC were additionally examined with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). RESULTS All patients had normal visual acuity, but reported reduced peripheral vision in comparison to HC in the NEI-VFQ (p = 0.036). VEP latency was prolonged in patients (P100 = 103.7±5.7 ms) in comparison to healthy subjects (P100 = 99.7±4.2 ms, p = 0.007). In OCT, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness RNFL was decreased in the nasal sector (90.0±15.5 vs. 101.8±16.5, p = 0.013), and lower nasal sector RNFL correlated with prolonged VEP latency (Rho = -0.405, p = 0.012). MRS revealed reduced tNAA (731.4±45.4 vs. 814.9±62.1, p = 0.017) and tCr (373.8±22.2 vs. 418.7±31.1, p = 0.002) in the visual cortex in patients vs. HC. Whole brain volume, grey and white matter volume, VBM and metabolites in a MRS sensory cortex control voxel did not differ significantly between patients and HC. CONCLUSION PMP22 deletion leads to functional, metabolic and macro-structural alterations in the afferent visual system of HNPP patients. Our data suggest a functional relevance of these changes for peripheral vision, which warrants further investigation and confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander U. Brandt
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Meinert-Bohn
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Leo Rinnenthal
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Zimmermann
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Mikolajczak
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timm Oberwahrenbrock
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Papazoglou
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caspar F. Pfüller
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Schinzel
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Tackenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Hahn
- Department of Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Genotype–phenotype correlation of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1E patients with PMP22 mutations. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Dysregulation of ErbB Receptor Trafficking and Signaling in Demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:87-100. [PMID: 26732592 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy with the majority of cases involving demyelination of peripheral nerves. The pathogenic mechanisms of demyelinating CMT remain unclear, and no effective therapy currently exists for this disease. The discovery that mutations in different genes can cause a similar phenotype of demyelinating peripheral neuropathy raises the possibility that there may be convergent mechanisms leading to demyelinating CMT pathogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that ErbB receptor-mediated signaling plays a major role in the control of Schwann cell-axon communication and myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Recent studies reveal that several demyelinating CMT-linked proteins are novel regulators of endocytic trafficking and/or phosphoinositide metabolism that may affect ErbB receptor signaling. Emerging data have begun to suggest that dysregulation of ErbB receptor trafficking and signaling in Schwann cells may represent a common pathogenic mechanism in multiple subtypes of demyelinating CMT. In this review, we focus on the roles of ErbB receptor trafficking and signaling in regulation of peripheral nerve myelination and discuss the emerging evidence supporting the potential involvement of altered ErbB receptor trafficking and signaling in demyelinating CMT pathogenesis and the possibility of modulating these trafficking and signaling processes for treating demyelinating peripheral neuropathy.
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20
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McGrath MC. Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A: A narrative review with clinical and anatomical perspectives. Clin Anat 2015; 29:547-54. [PMID: 26457477 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A (CMT1A) is regarded as the most common hereditary peripheral neurodegenerative disorder. This narrative review highlights perspectives around the historically well-established and characteristic anatomical manifestations of CMT1A seen in the feet, legs and hands, in addition to a clinical diagnosis that may be confirmed by electrophysiology, genetic or molecular markers together with the presence of a typical family history. A less well-known perspective is the potential for systemic manifestations and wider complication. The condition is characterised by a progressive clinical picture with unmistakable anatomical and neurological features that have been described since the late 19th century. There remains no cure although supportive, rehabilitative, and surgical regimes may provide helpful management or amelioration of symptoms. Most recently, the emergence of a pleotherapeutic approach suggests distinct promise. Future research focused on a detailed elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms underpinning myelin and axonal function may eventually hold the key to successful treatment of CMT1A. Genetic modification would potentially present a cure. Clin. Anat. 29:547-554, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C McGrath
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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21
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Wang R, He J, Li JJ, Ni W, Wu ZY, Chen WJ, Wang Y. Clinical and genetic spectra in a series of Chinese patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 451:263-70. [PMID: 26454100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features and frequencies of genetic subtypes in a series of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease from Eastern China. Patients were divided into three subtypes, CMT1, CMT2 and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP), according to their electrophysiological manifestations. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe analysis (MLPA) was performed to detect duplications/deletions in the PMP22 gene. The coding regions and splice sites of the GJB1, MPZ, MFN2 and GDAP-1 genes were determined by direct sequencing. Among the 148 patients in the study, 37.2% of the cases had mutations in genes assessed. The mutation detection rate was higher in patients with family histories than in spontaneous cases. PMP22 duplication (13.5%) was predominant in this group of patients, followed by PMP22 deletion (11.5%), and point mutations in GJB1 (8.8%), MPZ (2.0%) and MFN2 (0.7%). Three novel mutations (c.151T>C and c.310 A>G in GJB1 and c.1516 C>G in MFN2) were detected. A small deletion in PMP22 exon 4 was detected in a patient with severe CMT1. Genetic tests have great value in CMT patients with family histories. The frequency of PMP22 duplications was lower in Asian patients than in others. We suggest that genetic testing strategies in CMT patients should be primarily based on electromyography data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jin He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jing Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wang Ni
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Antoniadi T, Buxton C, Dennis G, Forrester N, Smith D, Lunt P, Burton-Jones S. Application of targeted multi-gene panel testing for the diagnosis of inherited peripheral neuropathy provides a high diagnostic yield with unexpected phenotype-genotype variability. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:84. [PMID: 26392352 PMCID: PMC4578331 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Inherited peripheral neuropathy (IPN) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders with more than 90 genes associated with the different subtypes. Sequential gene screening is gradually being replaced by next generation sequencing (NGS) applications. Methods We designed and validated a targeted NGS panel assay including 56 genes associated with known causes of IPN. We report our findings following NGS panel testing of 448 patients with different types of clinically-suspected IPN. Results Genetic diagnosis was achieved in 137 patients (31 %) and involved 195 pathogenic variants in 31 genes. 93 patients had pathogenic variants in genes where a resulting phenotype follows dominant inheritance, 32 in genes where this would follow recessive inheritance, and 12 presented with X-linked disease. Almost half of the diagnosed patients (64) had a pathogenic variant either in genes not previously available for routine diagnostic testing in a UK laboratory (50 patients) or in genes whose primary clinical association was not IPN (14). Seven patients had a pathogenic variant in a gene not hitherto indicated from their phenotype and three patients had more than one pathogenic variant, explaining their complex phenotype and providing information essential for accurate prediction of recurrence risks. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that targeted gene panel testing is an unbiased approach which overcomes the limitations imposed by limited existing knowledge for rare genes, reveals high heterogeneity, and provides high diagnostic yield. It is therefore a highly efficient and cost effective tool for achieving a genetic diagnosis for IPN. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0224-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia Antoniadi
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Chris Buxton
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Gemma Dennis
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Natalie Forrester
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Debbie Smith
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Peter Lunt
- Department of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Sarah Burton-Jones
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
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Jerath NU, Kamholz J, Grider T, Harper A, Swenson A, Shy ME. Coexistence of a T118M PMP22 missense mutation and chromosome 17 (17p11.2-p12) deletion. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:905-8. [PMID: 26012543 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We describe a 6-year-old girl with a T118M PMP22 mutation and heterozygous deletion of PMP22 on chromosome 17 (17p11.2-p12) resulting in a severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy. METHODS This study is a case report in which the relevant mutations are described. RESULTS Foot pain, cavovarus feet, tibialis anterior atrophy, absent reflexes, and inability to walk were found when the patient was age 6 years. Nerve conduction studies showed evidence of a sensorimotor polyneuropathy and compressive mononeuropathies of bilateral median nerves at the wrist and ulnar nerves at the elbow. Genetic testing revealed deletion of a PMP22 allele and T118M PMP22 mutation in the remaining allele. CONCLUSIONS The severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) in this patient was likely a consequence of both decreased expression of PMP22 causing features consistent with HNPP and unopposed expression of the T118M mutant form of PMP22 that is relatively benign in the heterozygous state. The T118M mutant form of PMP22 can be disease-modifying in the appropriate circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita U Jerath
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
| | - John Kamholz
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
| | - Tiffany Grider
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
| | - Amy Harper
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Swenson
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
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Demyelinating CMT–what’s known, what’s new and what’s in store? Neurosci Lett 2015; 596:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Tölle D, Senderek J, Eggermann K, Elbracht M, Kornak U, von der Hagen M, Kirschner J, Leube B, Müller-Felber W, Schara U, von Au K, Wieczorek D, Bußmann C, Zerres K. Diagnostic algorithms in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies: experiences from a German genetic laboratory on the basis of 1206 index patients. Clin Genet 2015; 89:34-43. [PMID: 25850958 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present clinical features and genetic results of 1206 index patients and 124 affected relatives who were referred for genetic testing of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy at the laboratory in Aachen between 2001 and 2012. Genetic detection rates were 56% in demyelinating CMT (71% of autosomal dominant (AD) CMT1/CMTX), and 17% in axonal CMT (24% of AD CMT2/CMTX). Three genetic defects (PMP22 duplication/deletion, GJB1/Cx32 or MPZ/P0 mutation) were responsible for 89.3% of demyelinating CMT index patients in whom a genetic diagnosis was achieved, and the diagnostic yield of the three main genetic defects in axonal CMT (GJB1/Cx32, MFN2, MPZ/P0 mutations) was 84.2%. De novo mutations were detected in 1.3% of PMP22 duplication, 25% of MPZ/P0, and none in GJB1/Cx32. Motor nerve conduction velocity was uniformly <38 m/s in median or ulnar nerves in PMP22 duplication, >40 m/s in MFN2, and more variable in GJB1/Cx32, MPZ/P0 mutations. Patients with CMT2A showed a broad clinical severity regardless of the type or position of the MFN2 mutation. Out of 75 patients, 8 patients (11%) with PMP22 deletions were categorized as CMT1 or CMT2. Diagnostic algorithms are still useful for cost-efficient mutation detection and for the interpretation of large-scale genetic data made available by next generation sequencing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rudnik-Schöneborn
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Tölle
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Senderek
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Friedrich-Baur-Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - U Kornak
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M von der Hagen
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B Leube
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - W Müller-Felber
- Dr. v. Hauner Childrens Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - U Schara
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - K von Au
- SPZ Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - C Bußmann
- Center for Children and Adolescent Medicine, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Rossor AM, Evans MRB, Reilly MM. A practical approach to the genetic neuropathies. Pract Neurol 2015; 15:187-98. [DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2015-001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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27
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van Paassen BW, van der Kooi AJ, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Verhamme C, Baas F, de Visser M. PMP22 related neuropathies: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A and Hereditary Neuropathy with liability to Pressure Palsies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:38. [PMID: 24646194 PMCID: PMC3994927 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PMP22 related neuropathies comprise (1) PMP22 duplications leading to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A), (2) PMP22 deletions, leading to Hereditary Neuropathy with liability to Pressure Palsies (HNPP), and (3) PMP22 point mutations, causing both phenotypes. Overall prevalence of CMT is usually reported as 1:2,500, epidemiological studies show that 20-64% of CMT patients carry the PMP22 duplication. The prevalence of HNPP is not well known. CMT1A usually presents in the first two decades with difficulty walking or running. Distal symmetrical muscle weakness and wasting and sensory loss is present, legs more frequently and more severely affected than arms. HNPP typically leads to episodic, painless, recurrent, focal motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy, preceded by minor compression on the affected nerve. Electrophysiological evaluation is needed to determine whether the polyneuropathy is demyelinating. Sonography of the nerves can be useful. Diagnosis is confirmed by finding respectively a PMP22 duplication, deletion or point mutation. Differential diagnosis includes other inherited neuropathies, and acquired polyneuropathies. The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant and de novo mutations occur. Offspring of patients have a chance of 50% to inherit the mutation from their affected parent. Prenatal testing is possible; requests for prenatal testing are not common. Treatment is currently symptomatic and may include management by a rehabilitation physician, physiotherapist, occupational therapist and orthopaedic surgeon. Adult CMT1A patients show slow clinical progression of disease, which seems to reflect a process of normal ageing. Life expectancy is normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara W van Paassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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28
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Yurrebaso I, Casado OL, Barcena J, Perez de Nanclares G, Aguirre U. Clinical, electrophysiological and magnetic resonance findings in a family with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies caused by a novel PMP22 mutation. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Nicolaou P, Christodoulou K. Advances in the molecular diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. World J Neurol 2013; 3:42-55. [DOI: 10.5316/wjn.v3.i3.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy is the most common inherited neuromuscular disorder affecting at least 1 in 2500. CMT disease is pathologically and genetically heterogeneous and is characterized by a variable age of onset, slowly progressive weakness and muscle atrophy, starting in the lower limbs and subsequently affecting the upper extremities. Symptoms are usually slowly progressive, especially for the classic and late-onset phenotypes, but can be rather severe in early-onset forms. CMT is grouped into demyelinating, axonal and intermediate forms, based on electrophysiological and pathological findings. The demyelinating types are characterized by severely reduced motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCVs) and mainly by myelin abnormalities. The axonal types are characterized by normal or slightly reduced MNCVs and mainly axonal abnormalities. The intermediate types are characterized by MNCVs between 25 m/s and 45 m/s and they have features of both demyelination and axonopathy. Inheritance can be autosomal dominant, X-linked, or autosomal recessive. Mutations in more than 30 genes have been associated with the different forms of CMT, leading to major advancements in molecular diagnostics of the disease, as well as in the understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms. This editorial aims to provide an account that is practicable and efficient on the current molecular diagnostic procedures for CMT, in correlation with the clinical, pathological and electrophysiological findings. The most frequent causative mutations of CMT will also be outlined.
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Vital A, Sole G, Casenave P, Magdelaine C, Ferrer X, Vital C, Goizet C. Severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1E caused by a novel p.Phe84Leufs*24 PMP22
point mutation. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2013; 18:181-4. [DOI: 10.1111/jns5.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vital
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives; CNRS UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Guilhem Sole
- Département de Neurologie et Maladies Neuromusculaires; CHU Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM); Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Philippe Casenave
- Département de Neurologie et Maladies Neuromusculaires; CHU Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Corinne Magdelaine
- Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire; CHU Limoges; Limoges France
| | - Xavier Ferrer
- Département de Neurologie et Maladies Neuromusculaires; CHU Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM); Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Claude Vital
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives; CNRS UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM); Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Service de Génétique Médicale; CHU Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
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Siskind CE, Panchal S, Smith CO, Feely SME, Dalton JC, Schindler AB, Krajewski KM. A review of genetic counseling for Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT). J Genet Couns 2013; 22:422-36. [PMID: 23604902 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-013-9584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) encompasses the inherited peripheral neuropathies. While four genes have been found to cause over 90 % of genetically identifiable causes of CMT (PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, MFN2), at least 51 genes and loci have been found to cause CMT when mutated, creating difficulties for clinicians to find a genetic subtype for families. Here, the classic features of CMT as well as characteristic features of the most common subtypes of CMT are described, as well as methods for narrowing down the possible subtypes. Psychosocial concerns particular to the CMT population are identified. This is the most inclusive publication for CMT-specific genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly E Siskind
- Neurosciences Department, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuropathies in which the neuropathy is the sole or primary component of the disorder, as opposed to diseases in which the neuropathy is part of a more generalized neurologic or multisystem syndrome. Because of the great genetic heterogeneity of this condition, it can be challenging for the general neurologist to diagnose patients with specific types of CMT. This article reviews the biology of the inherited peripheral neuropathies, delineates major phenotypic features of the CMT subtypes, and suggest strategies for focusing genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Saporta
- National Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cells, Biomedical Sciences Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Republica do Peru 362/602, Rio de Janeiro 22021-040, Brazil.
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Li J, Parker B, Martyn C, Natarajan C, Guo J. The PMP22 gene and its related diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:673-98. [PMID: 23224996 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22) is primarily expressed in the compact myelin of the peripheral nervous system. Levels of PMP22 have to be tightly regulated since alterations of PMP22 levels by mutations of the PMP22 gene are responsible for >50 % of all patients with inherited peripheral neuropathies, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth type-1A (CMT1A) with trisomy of PMP22, hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) with heterozygous deletion of PMP22, and CMT1E with point mutations of PMP22. While overexpression and point-mutations of the PMP22 gene may produce gain-of-function phenotypes, deletion of PMP22 results in a loss-of-function phenotype that reveals the normal physiological functions of the PMP22 protein. In this article, we will review the basic genetics, biochemistry and molecular structure of PMP22, followed by discussion of the current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms involving in the inherited neuropathies with mutations in PMP22 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24th Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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Abstract
The prenatal and infantile neuropathies are an uncommon and complex group of conditions, most of which are genetic. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques, approximately half of children presenting in infancy remain without a specific diagnosis. This review focuses on inherited demyelinating neuropathies presenting in the first year of life. We clarify the nomenclature used in these disorders, review the clinical features of demyelinating forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with early onset, and discuss the demyelinating infantile neuropathies associated with central nervous system involvement. Useful clinical, neurophysiologic, and neuropathologic features in the diagnostic work-up of these conditions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eppie M Yiu
- Children's Neuroscience Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Voermans NC, Kleefstra T, Gabreëls-Festen AA, Faas BHW, Kamsteeg EJ, Houlden H, Laurá M, Polke JM, Pandraud A, van Ruissen F, van Engelen BG, Reilly MM. Severe Dejerine-Sottas disease with respiratory failure and dysmorphic features in association with a PMP22 point mutation and a 3q23 microdeletion. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2012; 17:223-5. [PMID: 22734911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2012.00402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Koutsis G, Pandraud A, Polke JM, Wood NW, Panas M, Karadima G, Houlden H. Novel peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) micromutations associated with variable phenotypes in Greek patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Brain 2012; 135:e217, 1-6; author reply e218, 1-2. [PMID: 22382358 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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de Vries SDJ, Verhamme C, van Ruissen F, van Paassen BW, Arts WF, Kerkhoff H, van Engelen BGM, Lammens M, de Visser M, Baas F, van der Kooi AJ. The phenotype of the Gly94fsX222 PMP22 insertion. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2011; 16:113-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2011.00333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van Alfen N, van Engelen BGM, Hughes RAC. Treatment for idiopathic and hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (brachial neuritis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 2009:CD006976. [PMID: 19588414 PMCID: PMC7212001 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006976.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuralgic amyotrophy (also know as Parsonage-Turner syndrome or brachial plexus neuritis) is a distinct peripheral nervous system disorder characterised by episodes (attacks) of extreme neuropathic pain and rapid multifocal weakness and atrophy in the upper limbs. Neuralgic amyotrophy has both an idiopathic and hereditary form, with similar clinical symptoms but generally an earlier age of onset and more episodes in the hereditary form. The current hypothesis is that the episodes are caused by an immune-mediated response to the brachial plexus. Recovery is slow, in months to years, and many patients are left with residual pain and decreased exercise tolerance of the affected limb(s). Anecdotal evidence suggests that corticosteroids may relieve pain or help improve functional recovery. OBJECTIVES The objective was to provide a systematic review of all randomised clinical trials of treatment in neuralgic amyotrophy. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Trials Register (April 2 2009), MEDLINE (January 1966 to April 2 2009), EMBASE (January 1980 to April 2 2009), CINAHL (January 1982 to April 2 2009), and LILACS (January 1982 to April 2 2009) for randomised controlled trials of treatment for neuralgic amyotrophy. SELECTION CRITERIA Any randomised or quasi-randomised trial of any intervention for neuralgic amyotrophy would be included in the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors extracted the data (RH, NvA) and two authors assessed study quality and performed data extraction independently (NvA, BvE). MAIN RESULTS No randomised or quasi-randomised trials were identified. In 30 articles anecdotal evidence was found on treatment for neuralgic amyotrophy. Only three of these articles contained more than 10 treated cases, with one providing sufficient details to calculate the primary and secondary outcome measures for this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS At this moment there is no evidence from randomised trials on any form of treatment for neuralgic amyotrophy. Evidence from one open-label retrospective series suggests that oral prednisone given in the first month after onset can shorten the duration of the initial pain and leads to earlier recovery in some patients. Randomised clinical trials are needed to establish the efficacy of treatment with corticosteroids or other immune-modulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nens van Alfen
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CenterDepartment of Neurology and Clinical NeurophysiologyPO Box 9101c/o 920 KNFNijmegenNetherlands6500 HB
| | - Baziel GM van Engelen
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CenterDepartment of NeurologyPO Box 9101NijmegenNetherlands6500 HB
| | - Richard AC Hughes
- National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryMRC Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasePO Box 114Queen SquareLondonUKWC1N 3BG
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