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Kepreotis SV, Oh JG, Park M, Yoo J, Lee C, Mercola M, Hajjar RJ, Jeong D. Inhibition of miR-25 ameliorates cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction in aged mdx/utrn haploinsufficient (+/-) mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102174. [PMID: 38584818 PMCID: PMC10998245 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Dystrophic cardiomyopathy is a significant feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Increased cardiomyocyte cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) and interstitial fibrosis are major pathophysiological hallmarks that ultimately result in cardiac dysfunction. MicroRNA-25 (miR-25) has been identified as a suppressor of both sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog-7 (Smad7) proteins. In this study, we created a gene transfer using an miR-25 tough decoy (TuD) RNA inhibitor delivered via recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) to evaluate the effect of miR-25 inhibition on cardiac and skeletal muscle function in aged dystrophin/utrophin haploinsufficient mice mdx/utrn (+/-), a validated transgenic murine model of DMD. We found that the intravenous delivery of AAV9 miR-25 TuD resulted in strong and stable inhibition of cardiac miR-25 levels, together with the restoration of SERCA2a and Smad7 expression. This was associated with the amelioration of cardiomyocyte interstitial fibrosis as well as recovered cardiac function. Furthermore, the direct quadricep intramuscular injection of AAV9 miR-25 TuD significantly restored skeletal muscle Smad7 expression, reduced tissue fibrosis, and enhanced skeletal muscle performance in mdx/utrn (+/-) mice. These results imply that miR-25 TuD gene transfer may be a novel therapeutic approach to restore cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis and abrogate tissue fibrosis in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha V. Kepreotis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Jae Gyun Oh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Mina Park
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jimeen Yoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Cholong Lee
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roger J. Hajjar
- Mass General Brigham Gene and Cell Therapy Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan, South Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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2
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Vadgama N, Ameen M, Sundaram L, Gaddam S, Gifford C, Nasir J, Karakikes I. De novo and inherited variants in coding and regulatory regions in genetic cardiomyopathies. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:55. [PMID: 36357925 PMCID: PMC9647983 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiomyopathies are a leading cause of progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac death; however, their genetic aetiology remains poorly understood. We hypothesised that variants in noncoding regulatory regions and oligogenic inheritance mechanisms may help close the diagnostic gap.
Methods
We first analysed whole-genome sequencing data of 143 parent–offspring trios from Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project. We used gene panel testing and a phenotype-based, variant prioritisation framework called Exomiser to identify candidate genes in trios. To assess the contribution of noncoding DNVs to cardiomyopathies, we intersected DNVs with open chromatin sequences from single-cell ATAC-seq data of cardiomyocytes. We also performed a case–control analysis in an exome-negative cohort, including 843 probands and 19,467 controls, to assess the association between noncoding variants in known cardiomyopathy genes and disease.
Results
In the trio analysis, a definite or probable genetic diagnosis was identified in 21 probands according to the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. We identified novel DNVs in diagnostic-grade genes (RYR2, TNNT2, PTPN11, MYH7, LZR1, NKX2-5), and five cases harbouring a combination of prioritised variants, suggesting that oligogenic inheritance and genetic modifiers contribute to cardiomyopathies. Phenotype-based ranking of candidate genes identified in noncoding DNV analysis revealed JPH2 as the top candidate. Moreover, a case–control analysis revealed an enrichment of rare noncoding variants in regulatory elements of cardiomyopathy genes (p = .035, OR = 1.43, 95% Cl = 1.095–1.767) versus controls. Of the 25 variants associated with disease (p< 0.5), 23 are novel and nine are predicted to disrupt transcription factor binding motifs.
Conclusion
Our results highlight complex genetic mechanisms in cardiomyopathies and reveal novel genes for future investigations.
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3
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Himelman E, Nouet J, Lillo MA, Chong A, Zhou D, Wehrens XHT, Rodney GG, Xie LH, Shirokova N, Contreras JE, Fraidenraich D. A microtubule-connexin-43 regulatory link suppresses arrhythmias and cardiac fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H983-H995. [PMID: 36206047 PMCID: PMC9639757 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00179.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an inherited degenerative disease of the cardiac and skeletal muscle caused by absence of the protein dystrophin. We showed one hallmark of DMD cardiomyopathy is the dysregulation of cardiac gap junction channel protein connexin-43 (Cx43). Proper Cx43 localization and function at the cardiac intercalated disc (ID) is regulated by post-translational phosphorylation of Cx43-carboxy-terminus residues S325/S328/S330 (pS-Cx43). Concurrently, Cx43 traffics along microtubules (MTs) for targeted delivery to the ID. In DMD hearts, absence of dystrophin results in a hyperdensified and disorganized MT cytoskeleton, yet the link with pS-Cx43 remains unaddressed. To gain insight into the relationship between MTs and pS-Cx43, DMD mice (mdx) and pS-Cx43-deficient (mdxS3A) mice were treated with an inhibitor of MT polymerization, colchicine (Colch). Colch treatment protected mdx, not mdxS3A mice, against Cx43 remodeling, improved MT directionality, and enhanced pS-Cx43/tubulin interaction. Likewise, severe arrhythmias were prevented in isoproterenol-stressed mdx, not mdxS3A mice. Furthermore, MT directionality was improved in pS-Cx43-mimicking mdx (mdxS3E). Mdxutr+/- and mdxutr+/-S3A mice, lacking one copy of dystrophin homolog utrophin, displayed enhanced cardiac fibrosis and reduced lifespan compared with mdxutr+/-S3E; and Colch treatment corrected cardiac fibrosis in mdxutr+/- but not mdxutr+/-S3A. Collectively, the data suggest that improved MT directionality reduces Cx43 remodeling and that pS-Cx43 is necessary and sufficient to regulate MT organization, which plays crucial role in correcting cardiac dysfunction in DMD mice. Thus, identification of novel organizational mechanisms acting on pS-Cx43-MT will help develop novel cardioprotective therapies for DMD cardiomyopathy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that colchicine administration to Cx43-phospho-deficient dystrophic mice fails to protect against Cx43 remodeling. Conversely, Cx43-phospho-mimic dystrophic mice display a normalized MT network. We envision a bidirectional regulation whereby correction of the dystrophic MTs leads to correction of Cx43 remodeling, which in turn leads to further correction of the MTs. Our findings suggest a link between phospho-Cx43 and MTs that provides strong foundations for novel therapeutics in DMD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Himelman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Julie Nouet
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Mauricio A Lillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Alexander Chong
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Delong Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Natalia Shirokova
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Jorge E Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
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4
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Jelinkova S, Sleiman Y, Fojtík P, Aimond F, Finan A, Hugon G, Scheuermann V, Beckerová D, Cazorla O, Vincenti M, Amedro P, Richard S, Jaros J, Dvorak P, Lacampagne A, Carnac G, Rotrekl V, Meli AC. Dystrophin Deficiency Causes Progressive Depletion of Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells in the Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095025. [PMID: 34068508 PMCID: PMC8125982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating condition shortening the lifespan of young men. DMD patients suffer from age-related dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) that leads to heart failure. Several molecular mechanisms leading to cardiomyocyte death in DMD have been described. However, the pathological progression of DMD-associated DCM remains unclear. In skeletal muscle, a dramatic decrease in stem cells, so-called satellite cells, has been shown in DMD patients. Whether similar dysfunction occurs with cardiac muscle cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs) in DMD remains to be explored. We hypothesized that the number of CVPCs decreases in the dystrophin-deficient heart with age and disease state, contributing to DCM progression. We used the dystrophin-deficient mouse model (mdx) to investigate age-dependent CVPC properties. Using quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, speckle tracking echocardiography, and immunofluorescence, we revealed that young mdx mice exhibit elevated CVPCs. We observed a rapid age-related CVPC depletion, coinciding with the progressive onset of cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, mdx CVPCs displayed increased DNA damage, suggesting impaired cardiac muscle homeostasis. Overall, our results identify the early recruitment of CVPCs in dystrophic hearts and their fast depletion with ageing. This latter depletion may participate in the fibrosis development and the acceleration onset of the cardiomyopathy.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiovascular System/metabolism
- Cardiovascular System/pathology
- DNA Damage/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/deficiency
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.F.); (D.B.); (P.D.)
- ICRC, St Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Yvonne Sleiman
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Petr Fojtík
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.F.); (D.B.); (P.D.)
- ICRC, St Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Franck Aimond
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Amanda Finan
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Gerald Hugon
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Valerie Scheuermann
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Deborah Beckerová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.F.); (D.B.); (P.D.)
- ICRC, St Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Marie Vincenti
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
- Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Center, CHU Montpellier, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Amedro
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
- Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Center, CHU Montpellier, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Josef Jaros
- ICRC, St Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A1, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.F.); (D.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Gilles Carnac
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.F.); (D.B.); (P.D.)
- ICRC, St Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +420-549-498-002 (V.R.); +33-4-67-41-52-44 (A.C.M.); Fax: +420-549-491-327 (V.R.); +33-4-67-41-52-42 (A.C.M.)
| | - Albano C. Meli
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +420-549-498-002 (V.R.); +33-4-67-41-52-44 (A.C.M.); Fax: +420-549-491-327 (V.R.); +33-4-67-41-52-42 (A.C.M.)
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5
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Howard ZM, Dorn LE, Lowe J, Gertzen MD, Ciccone P, Rastogi N, Odom GL, Accornero F, Chamberlain JS, Rafael-Fortney JA. Micro-dystrophin gene therapy prevents heart failure in an improved Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy mouse model. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146511. [PMID: 33651713 PMCID: PMC8119181 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene replacement for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with micro-dystrophins has entered clinical trials, but efficacy in preventing heart failure is unknown. Although most patients with DMD die from heart failure, cardiomyopathy is undetectable until the teens, so efficacy from trials in young boys will be unknown for a decade. Available DMD animal models were sufficient to demonstrate micro-dystrophin efficacy on earlier onset skeletal muscle pathology underlying loss of ambulation and respiratory insufficiency in patients. However, no mouse models progressed into heart failure, and dog models showed highly variable progression insufficient to evaluate efficacy of micro-dystrophin or other therapies on DMD heart failure. To overcome this barrier, we have generated the first DMD mouse model to our knowledge that reproducibly progresses into heart failure. This model shows cardiac inflammation and fibrosis occur prior to reduced function. Fibrosis does not continue to accumulate, but inflammation persists after function declines. We used this model to test micro-dystrophin gene therapy efficacy on heart failure prevention for the first time. Micro-dystrophin prevented declines in cardiac function and prohibited onset of inflammation and fibrosis. This model will allow identification of committed pathogenic steps to heart failure and testing of genetic and nongenetic therapies to optimize cardiac care for patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Howard
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa E. Dorn
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeovanna Lowe
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan D. Gertzen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pierce Ciccone
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Neha Rastogi
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Guy L. Odom
- Department of Neurology and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jill A. Rafael-Fortney
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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6
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Szabó PL, Ebner J, Koenig X, Hamza O, Watzinger S, Trojanek S, Abraham D, Todt H, Kubista H, Schicker K, Remy S, Anegon I, Kiss A, Podesser BK, Hilber K. Cardiovascular phenotype of the Dmdmdx rat - a suitable animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:14/2/dmm047704. [PMID: 33619211 PMCID: PMC7927653 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides skeletal muscle abnormalities, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients present with dilated cardiomyopathy development, which considerably contributes to morbidity and mortality. Because the mechanisms responsible for the cardiac complications in the context of DMD are largely unknown, evidence-based therapy approaches are still lacking. This has increased the need for basic research efforts into animal models for DMD. Here, we characterized in detail the cardiovascular abnormalities of Dmdmdx rats, with the aim of determining the suitability of this recently established dystrophin-deficient small animal as a model for DMD. Various methods were applied to compare cardiovascular properties between wild-type and Dmdmdx rats, and to characterize the Dmdmdx cardiomyopathy. These methods comprised echocardiography, invasive assessment of left ventricular hemodynamics, examination of adverse remodeling and endothelial cell inflammation, and evaluation of vascular function, employing wire myography. Finally, intracellular Ca2+ transient measurements, and recordings of currents through L-type Ca2+ channels were performed in isolated single ventricular cardiomyocytes. We found that, similar to respective observations in DMD patients, the hearts of Dmdmdx rats show significantly impaired cardiac function, fibrosis and inflammation, consistent with the development of a dilated cardiomyopathy. Moreover, in Dmdmdx rats, vascular endothelial function is impaired, which may relate to inflammation and oxidative stress, and Ca2+ handling in Dmdmdx cardiomyocytes is abnormal. These findings indicate that Dmdmdx rats represent a promising small-animal model to elucidate mechanisms of cardiomyopathy development in the dystrophic heart, and to test mechanism-based therapies aiming to combat cardiovascular complications in DMD. Summary: We characterized the cardiovascular abnormalities of Dmdmdx rats, demonstrating that Dmdmdx rats show similar cardiac and vascular endothelial function impairments to Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, representing a model of the dystrophic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lujza Szabó
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Janine Ebner
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ouafa Hamza
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Simon Watzinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Sandra Trojanek
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Dietmar Abraham
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Hannes Todt
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Klaus Schicker
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Séverine Remy
- INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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7
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Nguyen TT, Wolter WR, Anderson B, Schroeder VA, Gao M, Gooyit M, Suckow MA, Chang M. Limitations of Knockout Mice and Other Tools in Assessment of the Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Wound Healing and the Means to Overcome Them. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:489-495. [PMID: 32566914 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in wound healing, but attribution of their functions in repair of wounds has been challenging. Commonly used tools such as MMP-knockout mice and zymography often confound analysis, which is complicated further as these enzymes exist in three distinct forms with only one being catalytically competent. With the use of topical exogenously administered recombinant MMP-8 and MMP-13 to diabetic and nondiabetic mouse wounds, we show that these proteinases facilitate wound repair by upregulating IL-6 and increasing neutrophil trafficking with an early onset of inflammation. Furthermore, by spatiotemporal control in the use of a selective MMP-2 inhibitor, along with immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, we provide definitive demonstration that MMP-2 does not affect wound healing, contrary to reports. MMP-2 is found in wounds complexed with TIMPs, which is catalytically incompetent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William R Wolter
- Freimann Life Sciences Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bowen Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Valerie A Schroeder
- Freimann Life Sciences Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Major Gooyit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mark A Suckow
- Freimann Life Sciences Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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8
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Iwata Y, Matsumura T. Blockade of TRPV2 is a Novel Therapy for Cardiomyopathy in Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163844. [PMID: 31394715 PMCID: PMC6720432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy are intractable diseases and their treatment options are very limited. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V, member 2 (TRPV2), is a stretch-sensitive Ca2+-permeable channel that causes sustained intracellular Ca2+ increase in muscular cells, which is a pathophysiological feature of degenerative muscular disease. Recent reports have clarified that TRPV2 is concentrated and activated in the sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes/myocytes during cardiomyopathy/heart failure and muscular dystrophy. Furthermore, these reports showed that inactivation of TRPV2 ameliorates muscle dysgenesis to improve cardiac function and survival prognosis. Although TRPV2 is a potential therapeutic target for cardiomyopathy, there were no TRPV2 inhibitors available until recently. In this review, we introduce our recent findings and discuss the current progress in the development of TRPV2 inhibitors and their therapeutic applications for cardiomyopathy associated with muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Iwata
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Matsumura
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8552, Japan.
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9
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Van Ry PM, Fontelonga TM, Barraza-Flores P, Sarathy A, Nunes AM, Burkin DJ. ECM-Related Myopathies and Muscular Dystrophies: Pros and Cons of Protein Therapies. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1519-1536. [PMID: 28915335 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) myopathies and muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that provide critical links between muscle cells and the extracellular matrix. These include structural proteins of the ECM, muscle cell receptors, enzymes, and intracellular proteins. Loss of adhesion within the myomatrix results in progressive muscle weakness. For many ECM muscular dystrophies, symptoms can occur any time after birth and often result in reduced life expectancy. There are no cures for the ECM-related muscular dystrophies and treatment options are limited to palliative care. Several therapeutic approaches have been explored to treat muscular dystrophies including gene therapy, gene editing, exon skipping, embryonic, and adult stem cell therapy, targeting genetic modifiers, modulating inflammatory responses, or preventing muscle degeneration. Recently, protein therapies that replace components of the defective myomatrix or enhance muscle and/or extracellular matrix integrity and function have been explored. Preclinical studies for many of these biologics have been promising in animal models of these muscle diseases. This review aims to summarize the ECM muscular dystrophies for which protein therapies are being developed and discuss the exciting potential and possible limitations of this approach for treating this family of devastating genetic muscle diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1519-1536, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Tatiana M Fontelonga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Pamela Barraza-Flores
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Apurva Sarathy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Andreia M Nunes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Ecologia, Evolucao e Alteracoes Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dean J Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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10
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Tsuda T, Fitzgerald KK. Dystrophic Cardiomyopathy: Complex Pathobiological Processes to Generate Clinical Phenotype. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:jcdd4030014. [PMID: 29367543 PMCID: PMC5715712 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), and X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy (XL-DCM) consist of a unique clinical entity, the dystrophinopathies, which are due to variable mutations in the dystrophin gene. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication of dystrophinopathies, but the onset, progression, and severity of heart disease differ among these subgroups. Extensive molecular genetic studies have been conducted to assess genotype-phenotype correlation in DMD, BMD, and XL-DCM to understand the underlying mechanisms of these diseases, but the results are not always conclusive, suggesting the involvement of complex multi-layers of pathological processes that generate the final clinical phenotype. Dystrophin protein is a part of dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) that is localized in skeletal muscles, myocardium, smooth muscles, and neuronal tissues. Diversity of cardiac phenotype in dystrophinopathies suggests multiple layers of pathogenetic mechanisms in forming dystrophic cardiomyopathy. In this review article, we review the complex molecular interactions involving the pathogenesis of dystrophic cardiomyopathy, including primary gene mutations and loss of structural integrity, secondary cellular responses, and certain epigenetic and other factors that modulate gene expressions. Involvement of epigenetic gene regulation appears to lead to specific cardiac phenotypes in dystrophic hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsuda
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, 1600 Rockland Rd, DE 19803, USA.
| | - Kristi K Fitzgerald
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, 1600 Rockland Rd, DE 19803, USA.
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11
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Rafael-Fortney JA, Chadwick JA, Raman SV. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Mice and Men: Can Understanding a Genetic Cardiomyopathy Inform Treatment of Other Myocardial Diseases? Circ Res 2016; 118:1059-61. [PMID: 27034274 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Rafael-Fortney
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (J.A.R.-F., J.A.C.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.V.R.), College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
| | - Jessica A Chadwick
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (J.A.R.-F., J.A.C.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.V.R.), College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Subha V Raman
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (J.A.R.-F., J.A.C.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.V.R.), College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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12
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Bozzi M, Sciandra F, Brancaccio A. Role of gelatinases in pathological and physiological processes involving the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Bondoc AB, Detombe S, Dunmore-Buyze J, Gutpell KM, Liu L, Kaszuba A, Han S, McGirr R, Hadway J, Drangova M, Hoffman LM. Application of 3-d echocardiography and gated micro-computed tomography to assess cardiomyopathy in a mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:2857-2867. [PMID: 25308942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure changes in cardiac function as cardiomyopathy progresses in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy using 3-D ECG-gated echocardiography. This study is the first to correlate cardiac volumes acquired using 3-D echocardiography with those acquired using retrospectively gated micro-computed tomography (CT). Both were further compared with standard M-mode echocardiography and histologic analyses. We found that although each modality measures a decrease in cardiac function as disease progresses in mdx/utrn(-/-) mice (n = 5) compared with healthy C57BL/6 mice (n = 8), 3-D echocardiography has higher agreement with gold-standard measurements acquired by gated micro-CT, with little standard deviation between measurements. M-Mode echocardiography measurements, in comparison, exhibit considerably greater variability and user bias. Given the radiation dose associated with micro-CT and the geometric assumptions made in M-mode echocardiography to calculate ventricular volume, we suggest that use of 3-D echocardiography has important advantages that may allow for the measurement of early disease changes that occur before overt cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Bondoc
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Detombe
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joy Dunmore-Buyze
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly M Gutpell
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linshan Liu
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Kaszuba
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seongryoung Han
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca McGirr
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Hadway
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Drangova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa M Hoffman
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Swager SA, Delfín DA, Rastogi N, Wang H, Canan BD, Fedorov VV, Mohler PJ, Kilic A, Higgins RSD, Ziolo MT, Janssen PML, Rafael-Fortney JA. Claudin-5 levels are reduced from multiple cell types in human failing hearts and are associated with mislocalization of ephrin-B1. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 24:160-167. [PMID: 25440958 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-5 is transcriptionally downregulated resulting in dramatically reduced protein levels in human heart failure. Studies in mice have demonstrated that reduced claudin-5 levels occur prior to cardiac damage and far before reduced whole heart function. Therefore, claudin-5 may be a useful early therapeutic target for human heart failure. However, the cell types in which claudin-5 is localized in human heart and from which claudin-5 is reduced in heart failure is not known. The recent identification of claudin-5's interaction with ephrin-B1 in mouse hearts has also not been investigated in non-failing or failing human hearts. In this study we collected human left ventricular mid-myocardium histological samples from 7 non-failing hearts and 16 end-stage failing hearts. Immunoblots demonstrate severe reductions of claudin-5 protein in 14 of 16 failing hearts compared to non-failing controls. Claudin-5 was observed to localize to cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and a subset of fibroblasts in non-failing human heart sections. In isolated cardiomyocytes, the transmembrane claudin-5 protein localized in longitudinal striations in lateral membranes. In failing heart, both cardiomyocyte and endothelial claudin-5 localization was severely reduced, but claudin-5 remained in fibroblasts. Absence of claudin-5 staining also correlated with the reduction of the endothelial cell marker CD31. Ephrin-B1 localization, but not protein levels, was altered in failing hearts supporting that claudin-5 is required for ephrin-B1 localization. These data support that loss of claudin-5 in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells is prevalent in human heart failure. Investigating claudin-5/ephrin-B1 protein complexes and gene regulation may lead to novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Swager
- Dept. of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Dawn A Delfín
- Dept. of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Neha Rastogi
- Dept. of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Dept. of Physiology & Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Honglan Wang
- Dept. of Physiology & Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Benjamin D Canan
- Dept. of Physiology & Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Vadim V Fedorov
- Dept. of Physiology & Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Dept. of Physiology & Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ahmet Kilic
- Dept. of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Robert S D Higgins
- Dept. of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mark T Ziolo
- Dept. of Physiology & Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Dept. of Physiology & Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jill A Rafael-Fortney
- Dept. of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Dept. of Physiology & Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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15
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Ogura Y, Tajrishi MM, Sato S, Hindi SM, Kumar A. Therapeutic potential of matrix metalloproteinases in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:11. [PMID: 25364719 PMCID: PMC4207008 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are secreted proteinases that have physiologic roles in degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) in almost all tissues. However, their excessive production in disease conditions leads to many pathological features including tissue breakdown, inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis. Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating genetic muscle disorder caused by partial or complete loss of cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Progressive muscle wasting in DMD is accompanied by myofiber necrosis followed by cycles of regeneration and degeneration and inflammation that eventually result in replacement of myofiber by connective and adipose tissues. Emerging evidence suggests that gene expression and the activity of various MMPs are aberrantly regulated in muscle biopsies from DMD patients and in skeletal muscle of animal models of DMD. Moreover, a few studies employing genetic mouse models have revealed that different MMPs play distinct roles in disease progression in DMD. Modulation of the activity of MMPs improves myofiber regeneration and enhances the efficacy of transplantation and engraftment of muscle progenitor cells in dystrophic muscle in mouse models of DMD. Furthermore, recent reports also suggest that some MMPs especially MMP-9 can serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of DMD. In this article, we provide a succinct overview of the regulation of various MMPs and their therapeutic importance in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ogura
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marjan M Tajrishi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sajedah M Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
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16
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Milani-Nejad N, Janssen PML. Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:235-49. [PMID: 24140081 PMCID: PMC3947198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is responsible for not only pumping blood throughout the body but also adjusting this pumping activity quickly depending upon sudden changes in the metabolic demands of the body. For the most part, the human heart is capable of performing its duties without complications; however, throughout many decades of use, at some point this system encounters problems. Research into the heart's activities during healthy states and during adverse impacts that occur in disease states is necessary in order to strategize novel treatment options to ultimately prolong and improve patients' lives. Animal models are an important aspect of cardiac research where a variety of cardiac processes and therapeutic targets can be studied. However, there are differences between the heart of a human being and an animal and depending on the specific animal, these differences can become more pronounced and in certain cases limiting. There is no ideal animal model available for cardiac research, the use of each animal model is accompanied with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we will discuss these advantages and disadvantages of commonly used laboratory animals including mouse, rat, rabbit, canine, swine, and sheep. Since the goal of cardiac research is to enhance our understanding of human health and disease and help improve clinical outcomes, we will also discuss the role of human cardiac tissue in cardiac research. This review will focus on the cardiac ventricular contractile and relaxation kinetics of humans and animal models in order to illustrate these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Milani-Nejad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and D. Davis Heart Lung Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and D. Davis Heart Lung Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA.
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17
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Matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition improves proliferation and engraftment of myogenic cells in dystrophic muscle of mdx mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72121. [PMID: 23977226 PMCID: PMC3744489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) caused by loss of cytoskeletal protein dystrophin is a devastating disorder of skeletal muscle. Primary deficiency of dystrophin leads to several secondary pathological changes including fiber degeneration and regeneration, extracellular matrix breakdown, inflammation, and fibrosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of extracellular proteases that are involved in tissue remodeling, inflammation, and development of interstitial fibrosis in many disease states. We have recently reported that the inhibition of MMP-9 improves myopathy and augments myofiber regeneration in mdx mice (a mouse model of DMD). However, the mechanisms by which MMP-9 regulates disease progression in mdx mice remain less understood. In this report, we demonstrate that the inhibition of MMP-9 augments the proliferation of satellite cells in dystrophic muscle. MMP-9 inhibition also causes significant reduction in percentage of M1 macrophages with concomitant increase in the proportion of promyogenic M2 macrophages in mdx mice. Moreover, inhibition of MMP-9 increases the expression of Notch ligands and receptors, and Notch target genes in skeletal muscle of mdx mice. Furthermore, our results show that while MMP-9 inhibition augments the expression of components of canonical Wnt signaling, it reduces the expression of genes whose products are involved in activation of non-canonical Wnt signaling in mdx mice. Finally, the inhibition of MMP-9 was found to dramatically improve the engraftment of transplanted myoblasts in skeletal muscle of mdx mice. Collectively, our study suggests that the inhibition of MMP-9 is a promising approach to stimulate myofiber regeneration and improving engraftment of muscle progenitor cells in dystrophic muscle.
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18
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Hollinger K, Selsby JT. The physiological response of protease inhibition in dystrophic muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208:234-44. [PMID: 23648220 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the production of a non-functional dystrophin gene product and a failure to accumulate functional dystrophin protein in muscle cells. This leads to membrane instability, loss of Ca(2+) homoeostasis and widespread cellular injury. Associated with these changes are increased protease activities in a variety of proteolytic systems. As such, there have been numerous investigations directed towards determining the therapeutic potential of protease inhibition. In this review, evidence from genetic and/or pharmacological inhibition of proteases as a treatment strategy for DMD is systematically evaluated. Specifically, we review the potential roles of calpain, proteasome, caspase, matrix metalloproteinase and serine protease inhibition as therapeutic approaches for DMD. We conclude that despite early results to the contrary, inhibition of calpain proteases is unlikely to be successful. Conversely, evidence suggests that inhibition of proteasome, matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteases does appear to decrease disease severity. An important caveat to these conclusions, however, is that the fundamental cause of DMD, dystrophin deficiency, is not corrected by this strategy. Hence, this should not be viewed as a cure, but rather, protease inhibitors should be considered for inclusion in a therapeutic cocktail. Physiological Relevance. Selective modulation of protease activity has the potential to profoundly change intracellular physiology resulting in a possible treatment for DMD. However, alteration of protease activities could also lead to worsening of disease progression by promoting the accumulation of substrates in the cell. The balance of benefit and potential damage caused by protease inhibition in human DMD patients is largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hollinger
- Department of Animal Science; Iowa State University; Ames; IA; USA
| | - J. T. Selsby
- Department of Animal Science; Iowa State University; Ames; IA; USA
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19
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Shin J, Tajrishi MM, Ogura Y, Kumar A. Wasting mechanisms in muscular dystrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2266-79. [PMID: 23669245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy is a group of more than 30 different clinical genetic disorders that are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle wasting and degeneration. Primary deficiency of specific extracellular matrix, sarcoplasmic, cytoskeletal, or nuclear membrane protein results in several secondary changes such as sarcolemmal instability, calcium influx, fiber necrosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, breakdown of extracellular matrix, and eventually fibrosis which leads to loss of ambulance and cardiac and respiratory failure. A number of molecular processes have now been identified which hasten disease progression in human patients and animal models of muscular dystrophy. Accumulating evidence further suggests that aberrant activation of several signaling pathways aggravate pathological cascades in dystrophic muscle. Although replacement of defective gene with wild-type is paramount to cure, management of secondary pathological changes has enormous potential to improving the quality of life and extending lifespan of muscular dystrophy patients. In this article, we have reviewed major cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to muscle wasting in muscular dystrophy. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Shin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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20
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de Oliveira F, Flavia DO, Quintana HT, Bortolin JA, Gomes OA, Liberti EA, Ribeiro DA. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in skeletal muscle of knockout mice suffering Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Histochem Cell Biol 2012. [PMID: 23188550 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-1056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in fibrotic lesion in mdx mice. A total of six male C57BL/10 mice and six C57BL/10-DMD/mdx were distributed into two groups: control and animals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The medial part of gastrocnemius muscle was evaluated being the specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Sirius Red under normal and polarized light to differentiate type I (red and yellow) and III (green) collagen. COX-2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The results revealed histopathological changes in C57BL/10-DMD/mdx as depicted by regenerating fibers. Sirius Red stain showed a substantial increase in the amount of type I collagen of mdx mice. DMD induced a strong COX-2 immunoexpression in intercellular space. Taken together, our results are consistent with the notion that necrotic and fibrotic lesions are able to increase COX-2 expression in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Av Ana Costa 95, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP 11060-001, Brazil
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