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Cherak Z, Loucif L, Bendjama E, Moussi A, Benbouza A, Grainat N, Rolain JM. Dissemination of Carbapenemases and MCR-1 Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Aquatic Environments in Batna, Algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101314. [PMID: 36289972 PMCID: PMC9598638 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant-bacteria are being considered as emerging environmental contaminants where the importance of the surrounding environment in their emergence and dissemination has been emphasized. The aim of this study was to screen for the presence and diversity of carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNBs) in different aquatic environments. Water samples were collected in Batna, Algeria. Carbapenem- and colistin-resistant GNBs were selectively isolated and then identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. After phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing, the molecular mechanisms of β-lactams and colistin-resistance were investigated by PCR and sequencing. The clonality of mcr-1 positive Escherichia coli was determined by multi-locus sequence typing. We noticed a high level of resistance in both tap water and wastewater. The most commonly found carbapenem-resistance mechanism was the OXA-48 enzyme, but other carbapenemases were also detected. In addition, the mcr-1 gene was detected in 18 E. coli of different sequence types. Our findings highlight the role of aquatic environments in the dissemination of resistant-bacteria, especially considering that water is a connecting medium between different ecological systems and can easily transmit resistant-bacteria and promote horizontal gene transfer. Thus, the development of effective treatment strategies for eliminating antibiotic-resistance is seriously needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Cherak
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna 05078, Algeria
| | - Lotfi Loucif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna 05078, Algeria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +213-(0)5-40-92-54-00
| | - Esma Bendjama
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna 05078, Algeria
- Départements de Technologie Alimentaire, Instituts des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, Université El Hadj Lakhdar-Batna 1, Batna 05000, Algeria
| | - Abdelhamid Moussi
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bioressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Amel Benbouza
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Batna 2, Batna 05078, Algeria
| | - Nadia Grainat
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Batna 2, Batna 05078, Algeria
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, 13007 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
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Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin-, Carbapenem- and Colistin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Fresh Vegetables, an Increasing Human Health Concern in Algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11080988. [PMID: 35892378 PMCID: PMC9332692 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen for extended spectrum cephalosporin-, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in fresh vegetables in Batna, Algeria. A total of 400 samples of fresh vegetables were collected from different retail stores. Samples were immediately subjected to selective isolation, then the representative colonies were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF–MS). Phenotypic and genotypic analyses were carried out in terms of species identification and relative antibiotic resistance. Transferability of the carbapenemase and mcr-bearing plasmids was verified by conjugation. The clonal relationships of carbapenemase and mcr-positive Escherichia coli isolates were studied by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Sixty-seven isolates were characterised and were mostly isolated from green leafy vegetables, where the dominant species identified included Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Stenotrophomona maltophilia, E. coli and Citrobacter braakii. PCR and sequencing results showed that E. coli was the bacterial species presenting the highest antibiotic resistance level in parallel to blaTEM (n = 16) and blaCTX-M-15 (n = 11), which were the most detected genes. Moreover, five isolates carried carbapenemase genes, including the blaOXA-48 and/or blaVIM-4 genes. The mcr-1 gene was detected in two E. coli isolates. MLST analysis revealed three different E. coli sequence types: ST101 (n = 1), ST216 (n = 1) and ST2298 (n = 1). Conjugation assays confirmed the transferability of the blaOXA-48 and mcr-1 genes. In this study we report, for the first time, the detection of the blaOXA-48 gene in E. coli and C. braakii isolates and the blaVIM-4 gene in vegetables. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of mcr-1 genes from vegetables in Algeria.
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Muntean M, Muntean AA, Preda M, Manolescu L, Dragomirescu C, Popa MI, Popa G. Phenotypic and genotypic detection methods for antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:508. [PMID: 35837033 PMCID: PMC9257796 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing public health problem worldwide. Infections with such bacteria lead to longer hospitalization times, higher healthcare costs and greater morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is a greater need for rapid detection methods in order to limit their spread. The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) are a series of epidemiologically-important microorganisms of great concern due to their high levels of resistance. This review aimed to update the background information on the ESKAPE pathogens as well as to provide a summary of the numerous phenotypic and molecular methods used to detect their AMR mechanisms. While they are usually linked to hospital acquired infections, AMR is also spreading in the veterinary and the environmental sectors. Yet, the epidemiological loop closes with patients which, when infected with such pathogens, often lack therapeutic options. Thus, it was aimed to give the article a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Muntean
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei-Alexandru Muntean
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mădălina Preda
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Manolescu
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cerasella Dragomirescu
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea-Ioan Popa
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Popa
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Loucif L, Chelaghma W, Bendjama E, Cherak Z, Khellaf M, Khemri A, Rolain JM. Detection of blaOXA-48 and mcr-1 Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Pigeon (Columba livia) in Algeria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050975. [PMID: 35630419 PMCID: PMC9143000 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of β-lactams and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in birds deserve a special concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the presence of β-lactams and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from the faeces of urban and rural pigeons in Batna, Algeria, and to characterise their molecular traits of resistance. Between March and April 2019, a total of 276 faecal droppings samples were collected in Batna, Algeria. Samples were subjected to selective isolation of β-lactams and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli. The representative colonies were then identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. β-lactamases, as well as mcr genes, were screened for by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. Genetic relatedness of the mcr-positive E. coli strains was determined using multi-locus sequence typing analysis. Transferability features of carbapenemase genes were assessed by conjugation experiments. Overall, thirty-five E. coli isolates were obtained only from urban pigeon samples. All carbapenem-resistant isolates harboured the blaOXA-48 gene as the only carbapenemase gene detected (n = 11), while blaESBL genes were detected in eighteen isolates. Out of the thirty-five isolates, four E. coli isolates were positive for the mcr-1 gene. The obtained mcr-1 positive E. coli isolates belonged to four STs, including ST1485, ST224, ST46, and a new ST. This study is the first to report the isolation of E. coli strains carrying the mcr-1 gene from pigeon faeces in Algeria and also the first to report the detection of blaOXA-48-positive E. coli in pigeons. Close surveillance is, therefore, urgently needed to monitor the dissemination of blaOXA-48 and mcr-1 producing E. coli strains in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Loucif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna 2, Batna 05000, Algeria; (E.B.); (Z.C.); (M.K.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +213-(0)-540-92-5400
| | - Widad Chelaghma
- Département de Biologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria;
| | - Esma Bendjama
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna 2, Batna 05000, Algeria; (E.B.); (Z.C.); (M.K.); (A.K.)
- Département de Technologie Alimentaire, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université El Hadj Lakhder-Batna 1, Batna 05000, Algeria
| | - Zineb Cherak
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna 2, Batna 05000, Algeria; (E.B.); (Z.C.); (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Meriem Khellaf
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna 2, Batna 05000, Algeria; (E.B.); (Z.C.); (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Asma Khemri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna 2, Batna 05000, Algeria; (E.B.); (Z.C.); (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
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Loucif L, Chelaghma W, Cherak Z, Bendjama E, Beroual F, Rolain JM. Detection of NDM-5 and MCR-1 antibiotic resistance encoding genes in Enterobacterales in long-distance migratory bird species Ciconia ciconia, Algeria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152861. [PMID: 34998768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
β-lactams and colistin resistance in Enterobacterales is a global public health issue. In this study we aimed to investigate the occurrence and genetic determinants of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenemases and mcr-encoding-genes in Enterobacterales isolates recovered from the migratory bird species Ciconia ciconia in an Algerian city. A total of 62 faecal samples from white storks were collected. Samples were then subjected to selective isolation of β-lactams and colistin-resistant-Enterobacterales. The representative colonies were identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionisation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Susceptibility testing was performed using the disk-diffusion method. ESBL, carbapenemases, and colistin resistance determinants were searched for by PCR and sequencing. The clonality relationships of the obtained isolates were investigated by multilocus sequence typing assays. Mating experiments were carried out to evaluate the transferability of the carbapenemase and mcr-genes. Forty-two isolates were identified as follows: Escherichia coli (n = 33), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 4), Proteus mirabilis (n = 4) and Citrobacter freundii (n = 1). Molecular analysis showed that twelve isolates carried the blaESBL genes alone, fifteen E. coli isolates were positive for the blaOXA-48 gene, six isolates were NDM-5-carriers (two P. mirabilis, two K. pneumoniae and two E. coli) and eight E. coli strains were positive for the mcr-1 gene. MLST results showed a high clonal diversity, where NDM-5-producing strains were assigned to two sequence types (ST167 for E. coli and ST198 for K. pneumoniae), whereas the mcr-1 positive E. coli isolates belonged to ST58, ST224, ST453, ST1286, ST2973, ST5542, ST9815 and the international high-risk resistant lineage ST101. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of blaNDM-5 gene in white storks and also the first describing the mcr-1 gene in white storks in Algeria. This study underlines the important role of migratory white storks as carriers of high-level drug-resistant bacteria, allowing their possible implication as indicators and sentinels for antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Loucif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna 2, Batna 05000, Algeria.
| | - Widad Chelaghma
- Département de Biologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid-, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Zineb Cherak
- Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Esma Bendjama
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna 2, Batna 05000, Algeria
| | - Ferhat Beroual
- Département de Microbiologie et de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna 2, Batna 05000, Algeria
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 13000, France
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Olowo-Okere A, Ibrahim YKE, Olayinka BO, Mohammed Y, Nabti LZ, Lupande-Mwenebitu D, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Genomic features of an isolate of Empedobacter falsenii harbouring a novel variant of metallo-β-lactamase, bla EBR-4 gene. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105234. [PMID: 35121093 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Empedobacter falsenii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that has been occasionally implicated in various human infections. In this study, we described the genomic features of a multidrug resistant E. falsenii Q1655 obtained from a patient attending a public hospital in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria. The isolate, E. falsenii Q1655, was isolated from the stool sample of a patient in Sokoto, Nigeria. The identity of the isolate was confirmed by MALDITOF-MS. The disc diffusion test and modified Carba-NP test were used for phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility test and carbapenemase enzyme production test, respectively. The whole genome of the strain was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq technique. Resistome analysis was done by annotation of the WGS against the ARG-ANNOT database. The isolate was resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics with the exception of cefepime. The MICs of imipenem and ertapenem as determined by E-test were 12 μg/ml and 2 μg/ml, respectively. Modified Carba NP test showed that the strain was carbapenemase producing. Resistome analysis revealed the presence of a novel metallo-β-lactamase, a chromosomal blaEBR-4, which exhibited 94.92% and 97.02% nucleotide and protein sequence identities respectively with blaEBR-3 gene of E. falsenii 174,820. Seven and eight amino-acid substitutions were observed with the blaEBR-1 and blaEBR-2, respectively. We reported the first isolation and genomic description of an extensively drug resistant isolate of Empedobacter falsenii in Nigeria. This report broadens our knowledge of carbapenem resistance in E. falsenii and it will serve as a useful guide in the development of antibiotic use policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Olowo-Okere
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria; MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Busayo Olalekan Olayinka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Larbi Zakaria Nabti
- Université de Sétif 1, Laboratoire de Microbiologie (CHU de Sétif), Sétif, Algeria
| | - David Lupande-Mwenebitu
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M Diene
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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Clonal Dissemination of Plasmid-Mediated Carbapenem and Colistin Resistance in Refugees Living in Overcrowded Camps in North Lebanon. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121478. [PMID: 34943690 PMCID: PMC8698793 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem and colistin-resistant bacteria represent a global public health problem. Refugees carrying these bacteria and living in inadequate shelters can spread these microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal carriage of these bacteria in Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Between June and July 2019, 250 rectal swabs were collected from two refugee camps in North Lebanon. Swabs were cultured on different selective media. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Carbapenemase-encoding genes and mcr genes were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Epidemiological relatedness was studied using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). From 250 rectal swabs, 16 carbapenem-resistant, 5 colistin-resistant, and 4 colistin and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. The isolates exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Seven Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harboured the blaOXA-48 gene, and in addition four K. pneumoniae had mutations in the two component systems pmrA/pmrB, phoP/phoQ and co-harboured the blaNDM-1 gene. Moreover, the blaNDM-1 gene was detected in six Escherichia coli and three Enterobacter cloacae isolates. The remaining five E. coli isolates harboured the mcr-1 gene. MLST results showed several sequence types, with a remarkable clonal dissemination. An urgent strategy needs to be adopted in order to avoid the spread of such resistance in highly crowded underserved communities.
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Nabti LZ, Sahli F, Olowo-Okere A, Benslama A, Harrar A, Lupande-Mwenebitu D, Diene SM, Rolain JM. Molecular Characterization of Clinical Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Sétif, Algeria. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:274-279. [PMID: 34860598 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the incidence and the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in patients from the Sétif University Hospital, Algeria. Nonduplicate clinical bacterial isolates recovered from patients attending the University Hospital of Sétif were collected between April and October 2018. Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF/MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) method. The susceptibility of the isolates to carbapenems was determined using the disc diffusion method. The carbapenem resistant isolates were screened for the presence of common carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaNDM) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (blaCTX, blaTEM, and blaSHV) using PCR and sequencing technique. A total of 123 nonrepetitive Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 52/42.28%), Escherichia coli (n = 24/19.51%), and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 19/15.45%) were the most prevalent species. The Carba-NP test showed that 6 out of 123 isolates carried carbapenemase enzymes. OXA-48 was found in five isolates (four K. pneumoniae and one E. coli) and NDM-5 in one E. cloacae isolate. We reported for the first time in Algeria the presence of NDM-5 carbapenemase enzyme in a clinical E. cloacae isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larbi Zakaria Nabti
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria.,Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Sétif, Sétif, Algérie.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Farida Sahli
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Sétif, Sétif, Algérie
| | - Ahmed Olowo-Okere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abderrahim Benslama
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Abdenassar Harrar
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria
| | - David Lupande-Mwenebitu
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M Diene
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Cherak Z, Loucif L, Moussi A, Bendjama E, Benbouza A, Rolain JM. Emergence of Metallo-β-Lactamases and OXA-48 Carbapenemase Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hospital Wastewater in Algeria: A Potential Dissemination Pathway Into the Environment. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:23-30. [PMID: 34314638 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can leave hospitals and therefore contaminate the environment and, most likely, humans and animals, through different routes, among which wastewater discharge is of great importance. This study aims to assess the possible role of hospital sewage as reservoir and dissemination pathway of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Carbapenem-resistant GNB were selectively isolated from wastewater collected from a public hospital in Batna, Algeria. Species identification was carried out using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. β-Lactamase production was investigated phenotypically using the double-disk synergy assay and the modified CarbaNP test, then the molecular mechanisms of β-lactam-resistance were studied by PCR and sequencing. Ten Enterobacteriaceae and 14 glucose-nonfermenting GNB isolates were obtained. All Enterobacteriaceae isolates were positive for OXA-48 and TEM-1D β-lactamases, where seven of them coproduced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase. VIM-2 carbapenemase was detected in six glucose-nonfermenting GNB isolates. However, three Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one Comamonas jiangduensis and one Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were positive for VIM-4 variant. In addition, NDM-1 enzyme was detected in four A. baumannii isolates. Our findings highlight the potential impact of hospital wastewater in the spread of drug resistance mechanisms outside of hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Cherak
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algérie
| | - Lotfi Loucif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
| | - Abdelhamid Moussi
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algérie
| | - Esma Bendjama
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
| | - Amel Benbouza
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algeria
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Comparative genomics of two Shewanella xiamenensis strains isolated from a pilgrim before and during travels to the Hajj. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:9. [PMID: 33563327 PMCID: PMC7871542 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shewanella xiamenensis has been reported in water environment and in patients and can act as the originator of oxacillinase in gram-negative bacteria. In order to assess genome plasticity and its functional properties related diarrhea symptoms in pilgrim, comparisons of draft genome sequences of the two isolates were conducted with other closely related genomes. RESULTS We isolated S. xiamenensis 111B and 111D strains from a pilgrim before travels to the Hajj and during travels with diarrhea symptom, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing showed that draft genome size of 111B strain was 5,008,191 bp, containing 49 kb of a putative plasmid. The genome size of 111D was 4,964,295 bp containing 225 kb of a putative plasmid that shared the backbone sequences with the hospital wastewater strain T17. Comparatively, two Hajj strains are identical at 97.3% identity and 98.7% coverage. They are closely related to river water strain, AS58 by SNPs analysis. Notably, a novel blaOXA-48 allele blaOXA-547 was identified in 111D, sharing 99.5% identity with blaOXA-546 and blaOXA-894. Multiple copies of virulence specific genes, such as capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis, O-antigen and lasB (vibriolysin related gene) have been identified specifically in 111D, but absent in 111B strain. CONCLUSIONS The whole genome sequences of S. xiamenensis strain 111B and 111D, including comparative genomic analysis, highlight here the potential for virulence factors that might be related to the cause of diarrhea in humans and also indicate the possible acquisition of pathogenic bacteria, including antibiotic resistance genes or plasmids during the Hajj.
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11
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Olowo-Okere A, Ibrahim YKE, Nabti LZ, Olayinka BO. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in Northwest Nigeria. Germs 2020; 10:310-321. [PMID: 33489946 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction There is limited data on the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Gram-negative bacteria in northwest Nigeria. This study thus aimed to investigate the prevalence of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections among patients in two healthcare facilities in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria. Methods A total of 735 non-duplicate clinical bacterial isolates were collected between January and July 2019, from among specimens processed by the diagnostic microbiological laboratory of the two hospitals. The isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and tested against a panel of sixteen (16) antibiotics using the current EUCAST guidelines. Results Of the 735 randomly selected bacterial isolates, 397 (54.0%) yielded Gram-negative bacteria. In the two hospitals, E. coli 104 (26.2%) and Klebsiella spp. 58 (14.6%) were the most common Gram-negative pathogens implicated in all infections. Overall, the isolates exhibited moderate to high resistance to all tested antibiotics, the lowest was observed against amikacin (7.1%). The phenotypic test for ESBL and carbapenemase enzymes showed that 48 (24.6%) and 15 (32.6%) of the isolates were positive, with 88.9% of the isolates being multidrug resistant. Conclusions The study documents prevalent high multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, predominantly caused by E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria. The isolates were mostly MDR and exhibited ESBL and carbapenemase activities. The findings of this study call for urgent implementation of infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship in our hospitals so as to limit the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in our healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Olowo-Okere
- PhD, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Yakubu Kokori Enevene Ibrahim
- PhD, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Larbi Zakaria Nabti
- PhD, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Laboratoire de Microbiologie (CHU de Sétif), 19000, Sétif, Algérie
| | - Busayo Olalekan Olayinka
- PhD, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria
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12
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Olowo-okere A, Ibrahim YKE, Ehinmidu JO, Mohammed Y, Nabti LZ, Olayinka BO. Emergence of VIM metallo-β-lactamase among carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas species in northwest Nigeria. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Brahmia S, Lalaoui R, Nedjai S, Djahmi N, Chettibi S, Rolain JM, Bakour S. First Clinical Cases of KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 in Algeria and Outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 Harboring blaOXA-48 Gene in the Urology Department of Annaba Hospital. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:652-659. [PMID: 32991248 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the urology department of Annaba hospital, Algeria. Methods: Between January 2015 and September 2017, 14 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains were isolated during routine surveillance work at Ibn Roched hospital of Annaba, Algeria, from the urology department. Theses strains were recovered, and carbapenem resistance mechanisms were investigated. The strains were identified by using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by using the Kirby-Bauer method, whereas minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem/ertapenem and colistin was determined by Etest and broth microdilution methods, respectively. Carbapenem resistance determinants were studied by using PCR and sequencing methods and analyzed by BLAST against the Antibiotic Resistance Gene-ANNOTation (ARG-ANNOT) database. Clonal relationship of strains was performed by using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Transferability of carbapenem resistance genes was assessed by conjugation and transformation experiments. Results: Fourteen carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were found to be resistant to the eight β-lactam antibiotics tested (except to imipenem for two isolates). Carbapenemase production was positive for all isolates. Molecular characterization revealed that blaKPC-2 and blaOXA-48 genes were detected in 3 (21.4%) and 11 isolates (78.6%), respectively. Other β-lactamases genes were identified, including blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-1-or 12, and blaTEM-1. MLST revealed that the 14 isolates belonged to 2 different sequence types (STs), including ST101 (11 OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae) and ST258 (3 KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae). PCR amplifications for blaKPC-2 and blaOXA-48 carbapenemases genes performed on extracted plasmids, showed positive results, suggesting that both carbapenemase genes were probably borne by plasmids. Conclusion: We report here the first identification of KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae ST258 in Algerian hospitals and an outbreak of OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae isolates ST101 in the urology department of Ibn Roched hospital located in Annaba, Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Brahmia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algérie.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sabrina Nedjai
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Central, CHU Dorban, Faculté de Médecine, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algérie
| | - Nassima Djahmi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Central, CHU Dorban, Faculté de Médecine, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algérie
| | - Samir Chettibi
- Service de Chirurgie Urologique, Transplantation, CHU d'Annaba, Annaba, Algérie
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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14
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Olowo-okere A, Ibrahim Y, Olayinka B, Ehinmidu J, Mohammed Y, Nabti L, Rolain JM, Diene S. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Sokoto, northwest Nigeria. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 37:100727. [PMID: 32939286 PMCID: PMC7479348 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are two of the major problems currently threatening global public health. In Nigeria, interest in CPE is recent. In Sokoto, northwest Nigeria, there are no data on the prevalence and mechanism underlying carbapenem resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of clinical carbapenems-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in two leading hospitals in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria. A total of 292 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens processed in the diagnostic laboratories of two hospitals between January and June 2019 were collected. Of these, 129 (44.2 %) and 19 (6.5%) were resistant to third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenems, respectively. RT-PCR revealed that 10 (7.8%), 19 (14.7%) and 46 (35.7%) of the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant isolates harboured bla SHV, bla TEM and bla CTX-M genes, respectively. The modified Carba NP test result showed that only 7 (36.8 %) of the 19 carbapenem-resistant isolates were carbapenemase producing; among them, bla NDM-5 and bla OXA-181 genes were identified in five and two isolates, respectively. However, none of the carbapenemase genes investigated, including bla VIM, bla KPC and bla IMP, was detected in the remaining carbapenem-resistant isolates, suggesting a non-enzymatic mechanism. This study reports for the first time, the emergence of CPE in Sokoto state and the detection of NDM-producing Citrobacter freundii in Nigeria. The observed CPE in this study is a concern in a country where alternative antibiotics are rarely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Olowo-okere
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Y.K.E. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - B.O. Olayinka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - J.O. Ehinmidu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Y. Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - L.Z. Nabti
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Université de Sétif 1, Laboratoire de Microbiologie (CHU de Sétif), Sétif, Algeria
| | - J.-M. Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Mediterranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - S.M. Diene
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Mediterranée Infection, Marseille, France
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15
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Olowo-Okere A, Ibrahim YKE, Olayinka BO, Ehinmidu JO, Mohammed Y, Nabti LZ, Rolain JM, Diene SM. First whole genome sequence of Paenalcaligenes suwonensis bearing bla VIM-5 Metallo-β-lactamase: A clinical isolate responsible for acute gastroenteritis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104513. [PMID: 32860988 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Alcaligenes species has been described in only few studies, with none so far from the African continent. Here, we report the whole genome sequence of Peanalcaligenes suwonensis bearing blaVIM-5 metallo-β-lactamase and first detection of carbapenemase producing Alcaligenes faecalis isolated from patients attending tertiary healthcare facilities in Nigeria. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility assay, modified Carba NP test and genomic investigation revealed that two isolates of Alcaligenes faecalis and an isolate of Paenalcaligenes suwonensis harboured blaVIM-5 gene. The genome sequence analysis of the P. suwonensis 191B isolate, responsible for acute gastroenteritis, reveal the presence of 18 antibiotic resistance genes coding for resistance to five different classes of antibiotics. Three of the genes (blaOXA-368, blaCARB-4 and blaVIM-5) codes for resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. To our best knowledge, we describe here the first genome sequence of P. suwonensis species and the first detection of class B carbapenemase blaVIM-5 in a clinical isolate of P. suwonensis species and Alcaligenes faecalis in Nigeria. The finding of this study is of concern, as lateral dissemination of the genes into clinically important Gram-negative pathogens is highly likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Olowo-Okere
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Busayo Olalekan Olayinka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Yahaya Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Larbi Zakaria Nabti
- Université de Sétif 1, Laboratoire de Microbiologie (CHU de Sétif), Sétif, Algeria; MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M Diene
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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16
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Swathi C, Sudhaharan S, Lakshmi V, Suguna Ratnakar K, Sritharan V. Direct Detection and Discrimination of Carbapenemases of Acinetobacter baumannii from Uncultured Tracheal Aspirates. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1153-1162. [PMID: 32364821 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemases play important roles in conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, including the carbapenems. Detection of carbapenemase activity helps to understand the possible mechanism(s) of carbapenem resistance. Identification of carbapenemases is currently being done by various phenotypic methods and molecular methods. However, innovative biochemical and spectrophotometric methods are desirable as they will be easy to perform, affordable, and rapid. A novel chromogenic method called Carba NP test was introduced recently to screen for carbapenemases in clinical isolates of gram-negative pathogens. We adopted this assay (1) to detect the total carbapenemase activity, (2) to discriminate Class A, B, and D carbapenemases with inhibitors, (3) to compare with carbapenemase genotype, and (4) for direct differential diagnosis of carbapenemases in uncultured clinical sample such as tracheal aspirate. The study included 132 purulent tracheal aspirates. All samples were processed and screened by a protocol optimized in our laboratory, which showed good sensitivity and correlation with genotyping and conventional phenotyping. Our protocol not only offers the fastest way to identify the pathogen but also its carbapenemase profile, directly from uncultured clinical samples in less than 4 hr. Our protocol is currently being validated on other types of clinical specimens in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheguri Swathi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Biomarkers, Global Medical Education and Research Foundation (GMERF), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sukanya Sudhaharan
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vemu Lakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamaraju Suguna Ratnakar
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Biomarkers, Global Medical Education and Research Foundation (GMERF), Hyderabad, India
| | - Venkataraman Sritharan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Biomarkers, Global Medical Education and Research Foundation (GMERF), Hyderabad, India
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17
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Ebomah KE, Okoh AI. An African perspective on the prevalence, fate and effects of carbapenem resistance genes in hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) final effluents: A critical review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03899. [PMID: 32420480 PMCID: PMC7215200 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the antibiotic era and discovery of earliest antibiotics until the present day state of affairs, coupled with the emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. The ways of response to challenges of antibiotic resistance (AR) such as the development of novel strategies in the search of new antibiotics, designing more effective preventive measures as well as the ecology of AR have been discussed. The applications of plant extract and chemical compounds like nanomaterials which are based on recent developments in the field of antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and chemotherapy were briefly discussed. The agencies responsible for environmental protection have a role to play in dealing with the climate crisis which poses an existential threat to the planet, and contributes to ecological support towards pathogenic microorganisms. The environment serves as a reservoir and also a vehicle for transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes hence, as dominant inhabitants we have to gain a competitive advantage in the battle against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Ehi Ebomah
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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18
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Dandachi I, Fayad E, Sleiman A, Daoud Z, Rolain JM. Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant and mcr-1 Gram-Negative Bacilli in Broilers, Farm Workers, and the Surrounding Environment in Lebanon. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:368-377. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandachi
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Fayad
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Sleiman
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Daoud
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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19
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Gupta V, Soni R, Jain N, Chander J. In vitro cost-effective methods to detect carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae. J Lab Physicians 2020; 10:101-105. [PMID: 29403215 PMCID: PMC5784278 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_25_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in carbapenemases-producing organisms has challenged the scientific community. Infections caused by these bacteria have limited treatment options. There are various types such as Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (Ambler class A), metallo-beta-lactamases of VIM-type, IMP-type, NDM-type (Ambler class B), and OXA-48-types (Ambler class D). An efficient strategy for detection of carbapenemase producers is important to determine the appropriate therapeutic modalities. In this study, four methods - Carba NP test, modified Carba NP (MCNP) test, carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) test, and Rapidec Carba NP kit test were evaluated. We evaluated an in-house MCNP test to detect carbapenemase production using a single protocol which gave reliable results. Furthermore, CIM using routine antibiotic discs gives good results. Both these tests were found to be cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranu Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagdish Chander
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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20
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Bouslah Z. Carba NP test for the detection of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Med Mal Infect 2020; 50:466-479. [PMID: 31899068 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Carba NP test is a biochemical chromogenic assay developed to detect carbapenemase activity. Variable performance has been reported according to the type of carbapenemase and bacterial species involved. We aimed to describe the benefit of the Carba NP test and its commercial version, the RAPIDEC® CARBA NP, to detect carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched. The following data was collected from each included study: research protocol, molecular profile of the tested strains, and sensitivity and specificity of the test used to detect carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa. RESULTS Thirty-four studies were included. The most frequently tested strains were metallo-beta-lactamase producers. The pooled sensitivity to detect carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa with the original Carba NP test, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Carba NP test, and the RAPIDEC® CARBA NP was 92%, 95%, and 96%, respectively. The pooled specificity was 99% with the original and the CLSI Carba NP tests, and 92% with the RAPIDEC® CARBA NP. Several studies evaluated modified versions of the Carba NP test to detect carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa, with reported sensitivity and specificity exceeding 90% in most cases. CONCLUSION The Carba NP test allows for fast screening and easy handling as well as optimal performance to detect carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa. These findings should be confirmed by further studies including a larger cohort of isolates and various types of carbapenemases, mainly non-metallo-beta-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bouslah
- Faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 15, rue Djebel Lakhdhar, 1007 La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisie.
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21
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Anderson REV, Boerlin P. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in animals and methodologies for their detection. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2020; 84:3-17. [PMID: 31920216 PMCID: PMC6921994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing bacteria are difficult to treat and pose an important threat for public health. Detecting and identifying them can be a challenging and time-consuming task. Due to the recent rise in prevalence of infections with these organisms, there is an increased demand for rapid and accurate detection methods. This review describes and contrasts current methods used for the identification and detection of carbapenemase-producing bacteria to help control their spread in animal populations and along the food chain. The methods discussed include cultures used for screening clinical samples and primary isolation, susceptibility testing, culture-based and molecular confirmation tests. Advantages and disadvantages as well as limitations of the methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E V Anderson
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1
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Lalaoui R, Djukovic A, Bakour S, Hadjadj L, Sanz J, Salavert M, López-Hontangas JL, Sanz MA, Ubeda C, Rolain JM. Genomic characterization of Citrobacter freundii strains coproducing OXA-48 and VIM-1 carbapenemase enzymes isolated in leukemic patient in Spain. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:167. [PMID: 31687131 PMCID: PMC6820958 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of carbapenemase-producing (CP) Citrobacter freundii poses a significant threat to public health, especially in high-risk populations. In this study, whole genome sequencing was used to characterize the carbapenem resistance mechanism of three C. freundii clinical isolates recovered from fecal samples of patients with acute leukemia (AL) from Spain. Materials and methods Twelve fecal samples, collected between 2013 and 2015 from 9 patients with AL, were screened for the presence of CP strains by selecting them on MacConkey agar supplemented with ertapenem (0.5 mg/L). Bacteria were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and were phenotypically characterized. Whole genome sequencing of C. freundii isolates was performed using the MinION and MiSeq Illumina sequencers. Bioinformatic analysis was performed in order to identify the molecular support of carbapenem resistance and to study the genetic environment of carbapenem resistance encoding genes. Results Three carbapenem-resistant C. freundii strains (imipenem MIC≥32 mg/L) corresponding to three different AL patients were isolated. Positive modified Carba NP test results suggested carbapenemase production. The genomes of each C. freundii tested were assembled into a single chromosomal contig and plasmids contig. In all the strains, the carbapenem resistance was due to the coproduction of OXA-48 and VIM-1 enzymes encoded by genes located on chromosome and on an IncHI2 plasmid, respectively. According to the MLST and the SNPs analysis, all strains belonged to the same clone ST169. Conclusion We report in our study, the intestinal carrying of C. freundii clone ST169 coproducing OXA-48 and VIM-1 identified in leukemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Lalaoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Ana Djukovic
- Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública – FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Jaime Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitari I Politecnic La Fe, University of Valencia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel A. Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitari I Politecnic La Fe, University of Valencia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carles Ubeda
- Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública – FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
- Centers of Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
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El Hafa H, Nayme K, El Hamzaoui N, Maroui I, Sbiti M, Zerouali K, Timinouni M, Belhaj A. Dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains carrying the bla GES, bla NDM and bla OXA23 in Morocco. Germs 2019; 9:133-141. [PMID: 31646143 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2019.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii is a microorganism which has been classified by the World Health Organization in the list of the bacterial strains that pose the biggest danger to human health. This study was performed to determine the susceptibility profile to carbapenems and to detect carbapenemases production in 111 A. baumannii isolates. Among these 30 are environmental isolates and 81 are from the three major hospitals in Morocco. Methods All strains of A. baumannii were tested against diverse antimicrobial agents (13 antibiotic drugs) by the agar diffusion test. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem on carbapenem-resistant strains (CRAB) was determined by the E-test technique. Simple phenotypic tests were used to detect carbapenemases and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) production including the modified Hodge test, EDTA test, and the cloxacillin test. The presence of carbapenemases-encoding resistance genes of CRAB strains was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Carbapenem resistance was observed in 23 clinical Acinetobacter isolates showing dissemination of the multiresistance profile. Molecular biology techniques indicated that all these strains encoded the naturally occurring bla OXA-51-like gene and were proved as A. baumannii. The bla OXA-23 gene was detected in 16 strains (69.6%). The metallo-β-lactamase bla NDM gene was detected in five isolates (21.7%). GES-type carbapenemases were found in 15 strains, the existence of three classes of carbapenemases (bla GES, bla NDM, and bla OXA-23) was detected in three strains, while none of the CRAB isolates contained the bla OXA-58, bla OXA-24, bla VIM, bla OXA-48 or bla KPC encoding genes. Conclusions This study established baseline proof of three classes of carbapenemases producing A. baumannii in Morocco, showing the important role of surveillance in controlling their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane El Hafa
- MD, Team of Ecology and Biodiversity of Wetlands, Department of Biology, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Sciences, BP 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Kawtar Nayme
- PhD, Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Najia El Hamzaoui
- PhD, Medical Biology Laboratory of Regional Hospital Mohammed V, Mohamed Zerktouni Street, BP 50000 Meknes, Morocco
| | - Itto Maroui
- PhD, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University of Rabat, BP 6212 Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Sbiti
- Dr, Microbiology Department, Moulay Ismail Military Hospital, El Hansali Street, 50000 Meknes, Morocco
| | - Khalid Zerouali
- PhD, Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Center, Ibn Rochd, 1 Street Hospital, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Timinouni
- PhD, Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhaq Belhaj
- PhD, Team of Ecology and Biodiversity of Wetlands, Department of Biology, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Sciences, BP 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
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Gharout-Sait A, Touati A, Ahmim M, Brasme L, Guillard T, Agsous A, de Champs C. Occurrence of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bat Guano. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1057-1062. [PMID: 31021173 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen for the presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) isolates from bat guano in Bejaia, Algeria. Guano samples (n = 110) were collected in Aokas's cave, Bejaia, Algeria, between March and May 2016. Samples were plated on MacConkey agar supplemented with ertapenem (0.5 mg/L) and vancomycin (32 mg/L). The isolates were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disk diffusion method. Carbapenemase, extended spectrum β-lactamases, plasmid-mediated AmpC, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were studied using PCR and sequencing. Clonal relatedness was studied using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Two CPE isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. PCR and sequencing identified the blaOXA-48 in one K. pneumoniae strain (CS34) and blaKPC-3 in the other strain (CS63). K. pneumoniae CS63 was found to carry blaTEM-1 and aac(6')-Ib genes. The MLST showed that K. pneumoniae CS63 was assigned to ST512, whereas K. pneumoniae CS34 belonged to ST1878. This is the first description of CPE from bats' guano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alima Gharout-Sait
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Mourad Ahmim
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Environnement, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Lucien Brasme
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, Avenue du Général Koenig, Reims, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, Avenue du Général Koenig, Reims, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Amir Agsous
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Christophe de Champs
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, Avenue du Général Koenig, Reims, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Mairi A, Pantel A, Ousalem F, Sotto A, Touati A, Lavigne JP. OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales in different ecological niches in Algeria: clonal expansion, plasmid characteristics and virulence traits. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:1848-1855. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Assia Mairi
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Nîmes, France
| | - Alix Pantel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Nîmes, France
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Farès Ousalem
- Institut de Biologie et de Physico-chimie, UMR826, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Nîmes, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Nîmes, France
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Nîmes, Nîmes, France
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Hadjadj L, Baron SA, Diene SM, Rolain JM. How to discover new antibiotic resistance genes? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:349-362. [PMID: 30895843 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1592678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a worldwide concern and the description of AR have been discovered mainly because of their implications in human medicine. Since the recent burden of whole-genome sequencing of microorganisms, the number of new AR genes (ARGs) have dramatically increased over the last decade. Areas covered: In this review, we will describe the different methods that could be used to characterize new ARGs using classic or innovative methods. First, we will focus on the biochemical methods, then we will develop on molecular methods, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. The use of various methods, including cloning, mutagenesis, transposon mutagenesis, functional genomics, whole genome sequencing, metagenomic and functional metagenomics will be reviewed here, outlining the advantages and drawbacks of each method. Bioinformatics softwares used for resistome analysis and protein modeling will be also described. Expert opinion: Biological experiments and bioinformatics analysis are complementary. Nowadays, the ARGs described only account for the tip of the iceberg of all existing resistance mechanisms. The multiplication of the ecosystems studied allows us to find a large reservoir of AR mechanisms. Furthermore, the adaptation ability of bacteria facing new antibiotics promises a constant discovery of new AR mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hadjadj
- a Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), IRD, APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie , Aix-Marseille-Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Sophie Alexandra Baron
- a Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), IRD, APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie , Aix-Marseille-Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Seydina M Diene
- a Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), IRD, APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie , Aix-Marseille-Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- a Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), IRD, APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie , Aix-Marseille-Univ , Marseille , France.,b IHU Méditerranée Infection , Marseille , France
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Lalaoui R, Bakour S, Livnat K, Assous MV, Diene SM, Rolain JM. Spread of Carbapenem and Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST512 Clinical Isolates in Israel: A Cause for Vigilance. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:63-71. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rym Lalaoui
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aquitaine Microbiologie, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité UMR 5234, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kashat Livnat
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marc Victor Assous
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Le Page S, Dubourg G, Baron SA, Rolain JM, Raoult D. No global increase in resistance to antibiotics: a snapshot of resistance from 2001 to 2016 in Marseille, France. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 38:395-407. [PMID: 30515637 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since effective empirical antibiotic therapy is a key factor for survival, local antibiotic resistance epidemiology is critical. We aimed to identify current trends in antibiotic resistance for key antibiotics obtained over 16 years (2001-2016) for invasive infections corresponding to empirical treatment in a large hospital centre in Marseille, France.From January 2014 to December 2016, we have collected all data on antibiotic susceptibility from public laboratory hospitals, and a retrospective analysis was performed on key antibiotics in blood cultures since 2001. A total of 99,932 antibiotic susceptibility testings (ASTs) were analysed, and proportion of pan-drug resistant (PDR = resistant to all antibiotics tested) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR = resistant to all except for two classes) strains were < 0.03 and 0.5%, respectively. Between 2001 and 2016, we found an increase of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins for E. coli invasive strains (0% vs 17.8%; p < 10-5) and K. pneumoniae (8% vs 35.4%; p = 0.001) along with a decrease of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (31% vs 19.8%; p = 0.006). Moreover, during the 3-year period, a significant increase of wild-type strains, susceptible to all antibiotics tested, was observed in invasive infections. Regarding bacteraemia involving Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus, empirical therapy is effective in > 99% cases. Active epidemiological surveillance is necessary because antibiotic resistance remains unpredictable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Didier Raoult
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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29
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Djenadi K, Zhang L, Murray AK, Gaze WH. Carbapenem resistance in bacteria isolated from soil and water environments in Algeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 15:262-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Rapid detection of beta-lactamase production including carbapenemase by thin layer chromatography. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 156:15-19. [PMID: 30468751 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a rapid and simple method that can identify the presence of β-lactamases in clinical isolates and samples, and determine their activity on different types of β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems, within one hour. METHODS In this study, we describe a thin layer chromatography-based method for rapid detection of β-lactamases including carbapenemases. The method relies on the examination of changes in the migration rate of β-lactams in chromatography, due to degradation by β-lactamase enzymes. A total of 44 isolates, 29 carbapenemase-producers and 15 non-carbapenemase-producers, were screened by this method. RESULTS The method has proven to be able to distinguish β-lactamases as carbapenemase or non-carbapenemase producing strains with high sensitivity in one hour. CONCLUSIONS The method developed, provides information about the production of β-lactamases by bacteria and β-lactam drugs inactivated by these enzymes, including carbapenems. This new method may play an important role in guiding antimicrobial treatment, especially in critically ill patients infected bacteria producing β-lactamases.
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Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms from Clinical Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.01140-18. [PMID: 30158194 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01140-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms constitutes one of the greatest challenges to global health. While Gram-negative organisms have developed several mechanisms to avert the bactericidal effects of commonly prescribed antibiotic agents, the increasing prevalence of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) is particularly concerning given the rapid spread of mobile genetic elements containing carbapenemase genes, the limited treatment options for infections caused by these organisms, and the high mortality rates associated with CPO infections. Understanding if an organism is carbapenemase producing and, if so, the class of carbapenemase(s) produced has treatment implications, as some agents preferentially have activity against specific carbapenemases. Furthermore, CPO disseminate between patients with greater ease than non-CP-carbapenem-resistant organisms and warrant more intensive infection control measures than would be employed in the absence of carbapenemase production. Phenotypic assays currently used in clinical practice to detect CPO consist of the following: (i) growth-based assays which measure carbapenem resistance based on organism growth in the presence of a carbapenem antibiotic (e.g., modified Hodge test and modified carbapenem inactivation method), (ii) hydrolysis methods which detect carbapenem degradation products (e.g., Carba NP test and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry), and (iii) lateral flow immunoassays which detect carbapenemase enzymes through the use of specific antibodies. Although there is no single phenotypic test that meets all specifications of the ideal test, as we describe in this review, there are a number of tests that are user-friendly, affordable, accurate, and feasible for implementation in clinical microbiology laboratories of all sizes.
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Dandachi I, Fayad E, El-Bazzal B, Daoud Z, Rolain JM. Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli and Emergence of mcr-1 Colistin Resistance Gene in Lebanese Swine Farms. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:233-240. [PMID: 30142027 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock are considered reservoirs of multidrug-resistant organisms that can be transferred to humans through direct/indirect routes. Once transmitted, these organisms can be responsible for infections with therapeutic challenges. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin and colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in Lebanese swine farms. In May 2017, 114 fecal samples were collected from swine farms in south Lebanon. Separate media supplemented with cefotaxime, ertapenem, and colistin were used for the screening of resistant organisms. Double-disk synergy test and ampC disk test were performed to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and ampC producers, respectively. Detection of beta-lactamase and mcr genes was performed using real time PCR. Of 114 fecal samples, 76 showed growth on the medium with cefotaxime. In total, 111 strains were isolated with 94.5% being Escherichia coli. Phenotypic tests showed that 98, 6, and 7 strains were ESBL, ampC, and ESBL/ampC producers, respectively. CTX-M and CMY were the main beta-lactamase genes detected. On the medium with colistin, 19 samples showed growth. In total, 23 colistin-resistant E. coli strains harboring the mcr-1 gene were isolated. This is the first study in Lebanon determining multidrug resistance epidemiology in pigs. The prevalence of ESBLs is high and the emergence of colistin resistance is alarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandachi
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand , Beirut, Lebanon .,2 IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée-Infection, Aix Marseille University , Marseille, France
| | - Elie Fayad
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand , Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ziad Daoud
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- 2 IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée-Infection, Aix Marseille University , Marseille, France
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Tafoukt R, Leangapichart T, Hadjadj L, Bakour S, Diene SM, Rolain JM, Touati A. Characterisation of bla OXA-538 , a new variant of bla OXA-48 , in Shewanella xiamenensis isolated from river water in Algeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 13:70-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Bourafa N, Chaalal W, Bakour S, Lalaoui R, Boutefnouchet N, Diene SM, Rolain JM. Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates in Algeria. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:735-742. [PMID: 29844691 PMCID: PMC5961646 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s150005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from inpatients and outpatients in Algeria between July and September 2015, and to screen their resistance mechanisms and genetic relatedness. Materials and methods A total of 68 non-redundant isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion and Etest methods. Carbapenemase activity was carried out using modified Carba NP test, EDTA assay, and the modified Hodge test. Molecular characterization of carbapenemases and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were detected by standard PCR and sequencing. Genotyping of carbapenem-resistant isolates was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis. Results Of the 68 GNB isolates, 13 (19%) showed reduced susceptibility to carbapenems, including, four Klebsiella pneumoniae, one Escherichia coli, six Acinetobacter baumannii, and two Pseudomonas aeruginosa. blaOXA-48 gene was detected in the five Enterobacteriaceae isolates, and blaOXA-23 was identified in all A. baumannii isolates. OprD mutations were revealed in the two P. aeruginosa isolates. A total of 11 out of the 13 carbapenem-resistant GNB were detected in inpatients, and the two remaining strains were isolated from outpatients. Molecular typing showed the presence of four sequence types (STs) among the OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae isolates: ST101, ST147, ST163, and ST2017. ST533 was identified for the OXA-48 producing E. coli isolate. All of the A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were assigned to the international clonal lineages ST2 and ST654, respectively. Conclusion This study reports the first detection of the epidemic multidrug-resistant lineage, K. pneumoniae ST147 coproduced blaOXA-48 and ESBL genes in Algeria and represents the first description of OXA-48-producing E. coli ST533 and K. pneumoniae ST163 and ST2017. In addition, this study describes for the first time the emergence of OXA-48-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in the community in Algeria, leading to major problems for managing microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjette Bourafa
- Aix Marseille Universite, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria.,Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Cherif Messaadia-Souk-ahras, Algeria
| | - Wafaa Chaalal
- Aix Marseille Universite, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran, Es Senia, Oran, Algeria
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- Aix Marseille Universite, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- Aix Marseille Universite, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nafissa Boutefnouchet
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria
| | - Seydina M Diene
- Aix Marseille Universite, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Universite, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
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Bouaziz A, Loucif L, Ayachi A, Guehaz K, Bendjama E, Rolain JM. Migratory White Stork (Ciconia ciconia): A Potential Vector of the OXA-48-Producing Escherichia coli ST38 Clone in Algeria. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:461-468. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Bouaziz
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
| | - Lotfi Loucif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
- Unité de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ammar Ayachi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
| | - Karima Guehaz
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
| | - Esma Bendjama
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
- Unité de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
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Dandachi I, Sokhn ES, Dahdouh EA, Azar E, El-Bazzal B, Rolain JM, Daoud Z. Prevalence and Characterization of Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated From Lebanese Poultry: A Nationwide Study. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:550. [PMID: 29628921 PMCID: PMC5876231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, antimicrobial resistance is one of the most prominent public health issues. In fact, there is increasing evidence that animals constitute a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance. In collaboration with the Lebanese Ministry of Agriculture, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal carriage of multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli in poultry farms at the national level. Between August and December 2015, 981 fecal swabs were obtained from 49 poultry farms distributed across Lebanon. The swabs were subcultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (2 μg/ml). Isolated strains were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Multilocus sequence typing analysis was performed for Escherichia coli. Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC production was performed using double disk synergy and the ampC disk test, respectively. β-lactamase encoding genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaFOX, blaMOX, blaEBC, blaACC, blaDHA, and blaCMY using PCR amplification. Out of 981 fecal swabs obtained, 203 (20.6%) showed bacterial growth on the selective medium. Of the 235 strains isolated, 217 were identified as E. coli (92%), eight as Klebsiella pneumoniae (3%), three as Proteus mirabilis (1%) and three as Enterobacter cloacae (1%). MLST analysis of E. coli isolates showed the presence of ST156, ST5470, ST354, ST155, and ST3224. The phenotypic tests revealed that 43.5, 28.5, and 20.5% of the strains were ampC, ESBL, and ampC/ESBL producers, respectively. The putative TEM gene was detected in 83% of the isolates, SHV in 20%, CTX-M in 53% and CMY ampC β-lactamase gene in 65%. Our study showed that chicken farms in Lebanon are reservoirs of ESBL and AmpC producing Gram-negative bacilli. The level of antibiotic consumption in the Lebanese veterinary medicine should be evaluated. Future studies should focus on the risk factors associated with the acquisition of multi-drug-resistant organisms in farm animals in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandachi
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.,IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Elie S Sokhn
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias A Dahdouh
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eid Azar
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Daoud
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
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Loucif L, Chelaghma W, Helis Y, Sebaa F, Baoune RD, Zaatout W, Rolain JM. First detection of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in community-acquired urinary tract infection in Algeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 12:115-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Clonal dissemination of OXA-48-producing Enterobacter cloacae isolates from companion animals in Algeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 12:187-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Surre J, Canard I, Bourne-Branchu P, Courbiere E, Franceschi C, Chatellier S, van Belkum A, Ramjeet M. Enhanced detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae by an optimized phenol red assay. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 90:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Multicenter Evaluation of the Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method and the Carba NP for Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 56:JCM.01369-17. [PMID: 29118172 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01369-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) for the detection of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CP-PA) and carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii (CP-AB) and perform a multicenter evaluation of the mCIM and Carba NP tests for these nonfermenters. Thirty P. aeruginosa and 30 A. baumannii isolates previously characterized by whole-genome sequencing from the CDC-FDA Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank were evaluated, including CP isolates (Ambler class A, B, and D), non-carbapenemase-producing (non-CP) carbapenem-resistant isolates, and carbapenem-susceptible isolates. Initial comparison of a 1-μl versus 10-μl loop inoculum for the mCIM was performed by two testing sites and showed that 10 μl was required for reliable detection of carbapenemase production among P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii Ten testing sites then evaluated the mCIM using a 10-μl loop inoculum. Overall, the mean sensitivity and specificity of the mCIM for detection of CP-PA across all 10 sites were 98.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 94.3 to 99.6; range, 86.7 to 100) and 95% (95% CI, 89.8 to 97.7; range, 93.3 to 100), whereas the mean sensitivity and specificity among CP-AB were 79.8% (95% CI, 74.0 to 84.9; range, 36.3 to 95.7) and 52.9% (95% CI, 40.6 to 64.9; range, 28.6 to 100), respectively. At three sites that evaluated the performance of the Carba NP test using the same set of isolates, the mean sensitivity and specificity of the Carba NP test were 97.8% (95% CI, 88.2 to 99.9; range, 93.3 to 100) and 97.8% (95% CI, 88.2 to 99.9; range, 93.3 to 100) for P. aeruginosa and 18.8% (95% CI, 10.4 to 30.1; range, 8.7 to 26.1) and 100% (95% CI, 83.9 to 100; range, 100) for A. baumannii Overall, we found both the mCIM and the Carba NP test to be accurate for detection of carbapenemase production among P. aeruginosa isolates and less reliable for use with A. baumannii isolates.
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Tafoukt R, Touati A, Leangapichart T, Bakour S, Rolain JM. Characterization of OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from river water in Algeria. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 120:185-189. [PMID: 28486169 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a significant problem for healthcare worldwide. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in water environments in Algeria are unknown. The aim of this study was to screen for the presence of CPE isolates in the Soummam River in Bejaia, Algeria. Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from twelve samples of river water and showing reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were included in this study. The isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the modified Carba NP test. Carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) determinants were studied by PCR amplification and sequencing. The clonal relatedness between isolates was studied by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) method. A total of 20 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains were included in this study, identified as Escherichia coli (n = 12), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 3), Citrobacter freundii (n = 1) and Citrobacter braakii (n = 1). Carbapenemase genes identified in this study included blaOXA-48, observed in 17 isolates (9 E. coli, 3 K. pneumoniae, 3 R. ornithinolytica, 1 C. freundii and 1 C. braakii), and blaOXA-244, a variant of blaOXA-48, was found in three E. coli isolates. MLST showed that 12 E. coli strains belonged to six different sequence types (ST559, ST38, ST212, ST3541, 1972 and ST2142), and we identified three different STs in K. pneumoniae isolates, including ST133, ST2055, and a new sequence type: ST2192. This study showed the presence of OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacteriaceae in water environments and highlighted the potential role of aquatic environments as reservoirs of clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, with the potential to spread throughout the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Tafoukt
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria; Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Thongpan Leangapichart
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France.
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Evaluation of the Carba NP test for carbapenemase detection in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., and its practical use in the routine work of a national reference laboratory for susceptibility testing. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:2281-2287. [PMID: 28744664 PMCID: PMC5653713 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the Carba NP test (and CarbAcineto) for the detection of carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., and to assess its usefulness in the routine work of the National Reference Centre for Susceptibility Testing (NRCST) in Poland. The evaluation of the Carba NP/CarbAcineto tests was carried out on a group of 81 Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. isolates producing KPC-, NDM-, VIM-, IMP- or OXA-48, -23, -24/40, -58-type carbapenemases, and on 26 carbapenemase-negative strains cultivated on a broad panel of microbiological media. Subsequently, the performance of the Carba NP/CarbAcineto tests was assessed on 1282 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. from Polish hospitals, submitted to the NRCST during a 9-month period in 2014. The Carba NP/CarbAcineto results were compared with other phenotypic tests and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The impact of the media on the results of the Carba NP/CarbAcineto tests was observed, with the Columbia blood agar yielding the highest sensitivity and clarity of the results. Furthermore, the Carba NP/CarbAcineto tests were included in the NRCST routine procedure for carbapenemase identification. The sensitivity and specificity of the Carba NP test were 95.8% and 93.3%, respectively, for Enterobacteriaceae, and 97.5% and 99.0%, respectively, for Pseudomonas spp. The sensitivity of the CarbAcineto test for Acinetobacter spp. was 88.9%. This study confirmed the usefulness of the Carba NP/CarbAcineto tests for the rapid detection of various types of carbapenemases.
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Carbapenemase Detection among Carbapenem-Resistant Glucose-Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2858-2864. [PMID: 28701421 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00775-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing glucose-nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (CPNFs), including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, is necessary to prevent their dissemination within health care settings. We performed a method comparison study of 11 phenotypic carbapenemase detection assays to evaluate their accuracy for the detection of CPNFs. A total of 96 carbapenem-resistant glucose-nonfermenting isolates were included, of which 29% produced carbapenemases. All CPNFs were molecularly characterized to identify β-lactamase genes. A total of 86% of the carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates produced class B carbapenemases. Several assays performed with a sensitivity of >90% for the detection of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa, including all rapid chromogenic assays and the modified carbapenem inactivation method. Most included assays, with the exception of the Manual Blue Carba assay, the Modified Carba NP assay, the boronic acid synergy test, and the metallo-β-lactamase Etest, had specificities of >90% for detecting carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa Class D carbapenemases were the most prevalent carbapenemases among the carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii strains, with 60% of the carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii isolates producing acquired OXA-type carbapenemases. Although several assays achieved >90% specificity in identifying carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii, no assays achieved a sensitivity of greater than 90%. Our findings suggest that the available phenotypic tests generally appear to have excellent sensitivity and specificity for detecting carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. However, further modifications to existing assays or novel assays may be necessary to accurately detect carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii.
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Mathlouthi N, Ben Lamine Y, Somai R, Bouhalila-Besbes S, Bakour S, Rolain JM, Chouchani C. Incidence of OXA-23 and OXA-58 Carbapenemases Coexpressed in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Tunisia. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:136-141. [PMID: 28691891 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic and multidrug-resistant pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections in health facilities. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii isolates isolated from Mohamed Kassab Orthopedic Institute in Tunis, Tunisia. Twenty-five imipenem-resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates collected between 2013 and 2016 were identified using API 20NE and were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Carbapenemase activity was detected using microbiological tests and PCR. The epidemiological relatedness of the isolates was studied using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates were resistant to all antibiotics tested with increased minimum inhibitory concentration values (>32 mg/L). The microbiological tests showed that the 25 A. baumannii were positive for modified Hodge test and for the Carba NP test; however, β-lactamase activity was not inhibited by EDTA. All the isolates harbored the naturally occurring blaOXA-51-like gene and the blaOXA-23-like carbapenemase gene. Among these isolates, one isolate coexpressed the blaOXA-58 gene. MLST revealed several sequence types (STs) with the predominance of ST2 imipenem-resistant A. baumannii (14/25; 56%). In this study we report the prevalence of ST2 imipenem resistance and for the first time the coexpression of blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-58 in clinical isolates of A. baumannii in a Tunisian hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Mathlouthi
- 1 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France .,2 Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Université Tunis El-Manar , Tunis, Tunisie.,3 Laboratoire de Recherche Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage , Technopôle de Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisie
| | - Yomna Ben Lamine
- 4 Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique, Unité de Microbiologie, Institut Mohamed Kassab d'orthopédie Tunis , Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Rania Somai
- 2 Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Université Tunis El-Manar , Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Sophia Bouhalila-Besbes
- 4 Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique, Unité de Microbiologie, Institut Mohamed Kassab d'orthopédie Tunis , Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- 1 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- 1 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France
| | - Chedly Chouchani
- 2 Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Université Tunis El-Manar , Tunis, Tunisie.,3 Laboratoire de Recherche Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage , Technopôle de Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisie
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Akhi MT, Khalili Y, Ghotaslou R, Yousefi S, Kafil HS, Naghili B, Sheikhalizadeh V. Evaluation of Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms and Its Association with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in the Northwest of Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:126-135. [PMID: 28654368 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine carbapenem resistance mechanisms, molecular epidemiological relationship, clinical impact, and patient outcome of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) infections. A total of 42 nonduplicated CRPA were recovered from Urmia, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using phenotypic methods. The carbapenem resistance mechanisms such as carbapenemase genes, efflux pump hyperexpression, AmpC overproduction, and OprD gene downregulation were determined by phenotypic and molecular methods. Eighteen metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producer isolates were found to be sensitive to amikacin. Among the CRPA, 52.3%, 26.1%, 26.1%, and 59.5% were identified as carbapenemase, efflux pump hyperexpression, AmpC overproduction, and reduced expression OprD gene, respectively. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis yielded 25 distinct profiles. Most MBL-positive isolates were recovered from patients hospitalized in urology and internal wards with urinary tract infections. Most of the strains showed downregulation of porin. The clonal distribution of the strains was related to carbapenem resistance mechanisms (most of MBL producers belong to the same clones) and the same hospital wards where the isolates were collected. The study demonstrates that the main risk factor of MBL-related infections was hospitalization in non-intensive wards. Amikacin was considered a very efficient antibiotic to treatment of MBL-producing CRPA isolates. Our results showed that OprD downregulation and IMP-type MBL are the main carbapenem resistance mechanisms in CRPA isolates from northwest of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Akhi
- 1 Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .,2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Younes Khalili
- 1 Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .,2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .,3 Iranian Social Security Organization, Emam Reza Hospital , Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Ghotaslou
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saber Yousefi
- 4 Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- 5 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Naghili
- 6 Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vajihe Sheikhalizadeh
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
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46
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Multicenter Performance Assessment of Carba NP Test. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:1954-1960. [PMID: 28404676 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00244-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eighty Gram-negative bacilli (54 Enterobacteriaceae and 26 nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli) obtained from multiple institutions in the United States were distributed in a blinded manner to seven testing laboratories to compare their performance of a test for detection of carbapenemase production, the Carba NP test. The Carba NP test was performed by all laboratories, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) procedure. Site-versus-site comparisons demonstrated a high level of consistency for the Carba NP assay, with just 3/21 site comparisons yielding a difference in sensitivity (P < 0.05). Previously described limitations with blaOXA-48-like carbapenemases and blaOXA carbapenemases associated with Acinetobacter baumannii were noted. Based on these data, we demonstrate that the Carba NP test, when implemented with the standardized CLSI methodology, provides reproducible results across multiple sites for detection of carbapenemases.
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Mellouk FZ, Bakour S, Meradji S, Al-Bayssari C, Bentakouk MC, Zouyed F, Djahoudi A, Boutefnouchet N, Rolain JM. First Detection of VIM-4-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and OXA-48-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Northeastern (Annaba, Skikda) Algeria. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:335-344. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Zohra Mellouk
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algérie
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sameh Meradji
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algérie
| | - Charbel Al-Bayssari
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Fatiha Zouyed
- Laboratoire central d'EPH EL Hadjar, Annaba, Algérie
| | | | - Nafissa Boutefnouchet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algérie
| | - Jean Marc Rolain
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
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Yagoubat M, Ould El-Hadj-Khelil A, Malki A, Bakour S, Touati A, Rolain JM. Genetic characterisation of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the University Hospital Mohamed Boudiaf in Ouargla, southern Algeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 8:55-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Comparison of 11 Phenotypic Assays for Accurate Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:1046-1055. [PMID: 28077701 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02338-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early identification of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is essential to prevent their dissemination within health care settings. Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of 11 phenotypic assays for the detection of CPE. Two collections of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolates were evaluated, including 191 retrospective isolates (122 CP-CRE and 69 non-CP isolates) as well as 45 prospective clinical isolates (15 CP-CRE and 30 non-CP-CRE) obtained over a 3-month period. The sensitivity and specificity of each test was determined, with molecular genotype serving as the gold standard. Among the retrospective cohort, sensitivities ranged from 72% for the boronic acid synergy test for the detection of KPC producers to ≥98% for the modified Carba NP, the Rapidec Carba NP, the manual Blue Carba, and the modified carbapenem inactivation method for the detection of any CPE. Sensitivity differed among tests across enzyme classes. All assays had excellent specificity exceeding 95%, with the exception of the boronic acid synergy test (88%) and modified Hodge test (91%). Prospectively, 45 CRE isolates were encountered over a 3-month period, including 15 CPE (33%) and 30 non-CP-CRE (67%). Results from the prospective cohort were similar. However, a decrease in specificity was observed across most tests, likely due to restricted inclusion of non-CP-CRE to assess the specificity of the assays. Overall, accuracy of CPE detection varied across phenotypic tests. Local epidemiology of CP genotypes, turnaround time, and ease of incorporation into the laboratory workflow should be considered when selecting a phenotypic assay for clinical use.
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Campana EH, Chuster SG, da Silva IR, Paschoal RP, Bonelli RR, Moreira BM, Picão RC. Modified Carba NP test for the detection of carbapenemase production in gram-negative rods: optimized handling of multiple samples. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 48:242-245. [PMID: 27998674 PMCID: PMC5470444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The modified Carba NP test presented here may be a valuable tool for laboratories interested in investigating a large number of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in a less-costly way. The test was evaluated against 48 carbapenemase-producing and carbapenemase-non-producing gram-negative bacteria. No false–positive results were obtained, but false-negative results were observed with OXA-23- and GES-carbapenemase-producing isolates. Aeromonas sp. are not testable by Modified Carba NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloiza H Campana
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Stephanie G Chuster
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isadora R da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raphael P Paschoal
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel R Bonelli
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Moreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata C Picão
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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