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Wang R, Liu H, Antal B, Wolterbeek HT, Denkova AG. Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Radiolabeled with Iodine-125 as Potential New Radiopharmaceutical. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1240-1249. [PMID: 38323544 PMCID: PMC10880057 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The relatively high linear energy transfer of Auger electrons, which can cause clustered DNA damage and hence efficient cell death, makes Auger emitters excellent candidates for attacking metastasized tumors. Moreover, gammas or positrons are usually emitted along with the Auger electrons, providing the possibility of theragnostic applications. Despite the promising properties of Auger electrons, only a few radiopharmaceuticals employing Auger emitters have been developed so far. This is most likely explained by the short ranges of these electrons, requiring the delivery of the Auger emitters to crucial cell parts such as the cell nucleus. In this work, we combined the Auger emitter 125I and ultrasmall gold nanoparticles to prepare a novel radiopharmaceutical. The 125I labeled gold nanoparticles were shown to accumulate at the cell nucleus, leading to a high tumor-killing efficiency in both 2D and 3D tumor cell models. The results from this work indicate that ultrasmall nanoparticles, which passively accumulate at the cell nucleus, have the potential to be applied in targeted radionuclide therapy. Even better tumor-killing efficiency can be expected if tumor-targeting moieties are conjugated to the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Wang
- Applied
Radiation and Isotopes, Department of Radiation Science and Technology,
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University
of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital & the People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, P. R. China
| | - Bas Antal
- Applied
Radiation and Isotopes, Department of Radiation Science and Technology,
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University
of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Th. Wolterbeek
- Applied
Radiation and Isotopes, Department of Radiation Science and Technology,
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University
of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Antonia G. Denkova
- Applied
Radiation and Isotopes, Department of Radiation Science and Technology,
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University
of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
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2
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Goswami R, Gupta A, Bednova O, Coulombe G, Patel D, Rotello VM, Leyton JV. Nuclear localization signal-tagged systems: relevant nuclear import principles in the context of current therapeutic design. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:204-226. [PMID: 38031452 PMCID: PMC10798298 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear targeting of therapeutics provides a strategy for enhancing efficacy of molecules active in the nucleus and minimizing off-target effects. 'Active' nuclear-directed transport and efficient translocations across nuclear pore complexes provide the most effective means of maximizing nuclear localization. Nuclear-targeting systems based on nuclear localization signal (NLS) motifs have progressed significantly since the beginning of the current millennium. Here, we offer a roadmap for understanding the basic mechanisms of nuclear import in the context of actionable therapeutic design for developing NLS-therapeutics with improved treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Aarohi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Olga Bednova
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Gaël Coulombe
- Service des stages et du développement professionnel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Dipika Patel
- Service des stages et du développement professionnel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Jeffrey V Leyton
- École des sciences pharmaceutiques, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Macieja A, Gulbas I, Popławski T. DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Inhibitors: YU238259, A12B4C3 and DDRI-18 Overcome the Cisplatin Resistance in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells, but Not under Hypoxia Conditions. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7915-7932. [PMID: 37886943 PMCID: PMC10605129 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is the cornerstone of standard treatment for ovarian cancer. However, the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to CDDP leads to an inevitable recurrence. One of the strategies to overcome resistance to CDDP is the combined treatment of ovarian cancer with CDDP and etoposide (VP-16), although this strategy is not always effective. This article presents a new approach to sensitize CDDP-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells to combined treatment with CDDP and VP-16. To replicate the tumor conditions of cancers, we performed analysis under hypoxia conditions. Since CDDP and VP-16 induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), we introduce DSB repair inhibitors to the treatment scheme. We used novel HRR and NHEJ inhibitors: YU238259 inhibits the HRR pathway, and DDRI-18 and A12B4C3 act as NHEJ inhibitors. All inhibitors enhanced the therapeutic effect of the CDDP/VP-16 treatment scheme and allowed a decrease in the effective dose of CDDP/VP16. Inhibition of HRR or NHEJ decreased survival and increased DNA damage level, increased the amount of γ-H2AX foci, and caused an increase in apoptotic fraction after treatment with CDDP/VP16. Furthermore, delayed repair of DSBs was detected in HRR- or NHEJ-inhibited cells. This favorable outcome was altered under hypoxia, during which alternation at the transcriptome level of the transcriptome in cells cultured under hypoxia compared to aerobic conditions. These changes suggest that it is likely that other than classical DSB repair systems are activated in cancer cells during hypoxia. Our study suggests that the introduction of DSB inhibitors may improve the effectiveness of commonly used ovarian cancer treatment, and HRR, as well as NHEJ, is an attractive therapeutic target for overcoming the resistance to CDDP resistance of ovarian cancer cells. However, a hypoxia-mediated decrease in response to our scheme of treatment was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Macieja
- Department of Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gulbas
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Popławski
- Department of Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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4
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Gohil D, Sarker AH, Roy R. Base Excision Repair: Mechanisms and Impact in Biology, Disease, and Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14186. [PMID: 37762489 PMCID: PMC10531636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) corrects forms of oxidative, deamination, alkylation, and abasic single-base damage that appear to have minimal effects on the helix. Since its discovery in 1974, the field has grown in several facets: mechanisms, biology and physiology, understanding deficiencies and human disease, and using BER genes as potential inhibitory targets to develop therapeutics. Within its segregation of short nucleotide (SN-) and long patch (LP-), there are currently six known global mechanisms, with emerging work in transcription- and replication-associated BER. Knockouts (KOs) of BER genes in mouse models showed that single glycosylase knockout had minimal phenotypic impact, but the effects were clearly seen in double knockouts. However, KOs of downstream enzymes showed critical impact on the health and survival of mice. BER gene deficiency contributes to cancer, inflammation, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. Medicinal targets are being developed for single or combinatorial therapies, but only PARP and APE1 have yet to reach the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Gohil
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Altaf H. Sarker
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
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5
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El-Kadiry AEH, Beaudoin S, Plouffe S, Rafei M. Accum™ Technology: A Novel Conjugable Primer for Onco-Immunotherapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123807. [PMID: 35744930 PMCID: PMC9227040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Compromised activity is a common impediment for biologics requiring endosome trafficking into target cells. In cancer cells, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are trapped in endosomes or subsequently pumped extracellularly, leading to a reduction in intracellular accumulation. In subsets of dendritic cells (DCs), endosome-engulfed antigens face non-specific proteolysis and collateral damage to epitope immunogenicity before proteasomal processing and subsequent surface presentation. To bypass these shortcomings, we devised Accum™, a conjugable biotechnology harboring cholic acid (ChAc) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence for endosome escape and prompt nuclear targeting. Combined, these mechanisms culminate in enhanced intracellular accumulation and functionalization of coupled biologics. As proof-of-principle, we have biochemically characterized Accum, demonstrating its adaptability to ADCs or antigens in different cancer settings. Additionally, we have validated that endosome escape and nuclear routing are indispensable for effective intracellular accumulation and guaranteed target cell selectivity. Importantly, we have demonstrated that the unique mechanism of action of Accum translates into enhanced tumor cytotoxicity when coupled to ADCs, and durable therapeutic and prophylactic anti-cancer immunogenicity when coupled to tumor antigens. As more pre-clinical evidence accumulates, the adaptability, unique mechanism of action, and high therapeutic potency of Accum signal a promising transition into clinical investigations in the context of onco-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed El-Hakim El-Kadiry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Simon Beaudoin
- Defence Therapeutics Inc., Research and Development Branch, Vancouver, BC V6C 3L6, Canada; (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Sebastien Plouffe
- Defence Therapeutics Inc., Research and Development Branch, Vancouver, BC V6C 3L6, Canada; (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-343-6931
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Zika Virus Induces Mitotic Catastrophe in Human Neural Progenitors by Triggering Unscheduled Mitotic Entry in the Presence of DNA Damage While Functionally Depleting Nuclear PNKP. J Virol 2022; 96:e0033322. [PMID: 35412344 PMCID: PMC9093132 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00333-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) leads with high frequency to congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS), whose worst outcome is microcephaly. However, the mechanisms of congenital ZIKV neurodevelopmental pathologies, including direct cytotoxicity to neural progenitor cells (NPC), placental insufficiency, and immune responses, remain incompletely understood. At the cellular level, microcephaly typically results from death or insufficient proliferation of NPC or cortical neurons. NPC replicate fast, requiring efficient DNA damage responses to ensure genome stability. Like congenital ZIKV infection, mutations in the polynucleotide 5′-kinase 3′-phosphatase (PNKP) gene, which encodes a critical DNA damage repair enzyme, result in recessive syndromes often characterized by congenital microcephaly with seizures (MCSZ). We thus tested whether there were any links between ZIKV and PNKP. Here, we show that two PNKP phosphatase inhibitors or PNKP knockout inhibited ZIKV replication. PNKP relocalized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in infected cells, colocalizing with the marker of ZIKV replication factories (RF) NS1 and resulting in functional nuclear PNKP depletion. Although infected NPC accumulated DNA damage, they failed to activate the DNA damage checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Chk2. ZIKV also induced activation of cytoplasmic CycA/CDK1 complexes, which trigger unscheduled mitotic entry. Inhibition of CDK1 activity inhibited ZIKV replication and the formation of RF, supporting a role of cytoplasmic CycA/CDK1 in RF morphogenesis. In brief, ZIKV infection induces mitotic catastrophe resulting from unscheduled mitotic entry in the presence of DNA damage. PNKP and CycA/CDK1 are thus host factors participating in ZIKV replication in NPC, and pathogenesis to neural progenitor cells. IMPORTANCE The 2015–2017 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil and subsequent international epidemic revealed the strong association between ZIKV infection and congenital malformations, mostly neurodevelopmental defects up to microcephaly. The scale and global expansion of the epidemic, the new ZIKV outbreaks (Kerala state, India, 2021), and the potential burden of future ones pose a serious ongoing risk. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms resulting in microcephaly remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that ZIKV infection of neuronal progenitor cells results in cytoplasmic sequestration of an essential DNA repair protein itself associated with microcephaly, with the consequent accumulation of DNA damage, together with an unscheduled activation of cytoplasmic CDK1/Cyclin A complexes in the presence of DNA damage. These alterations result in mitotic catastrophe of neuronal progenitors, which would lead to a depletion of cortical neurons during development.
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7
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Xue A, Shang Y, Jiao P, Zhang S, Zhu C, He X, Feng G, Fan S. Increased activation of
cGAS‐STING
pathway enhances radiosensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer cells. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1361-1368. [PMID: 35429143 PMCID: PMC9058302 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiying Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Yue Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Peng Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Changchun Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Xin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Guoxing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
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8
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Sadat SMA, Wuest M, Paiva IM, Munira S, Sarrami N, Sanaee F, Yang X, Paladino M, Binkhathlan Z, Karimi-Busheri F, Martin GR, Jirik FR, Murray D, Gamper AM, Hall DG, Weinfeld M, Lavasanifar A. Nano-Delivery of a Novel Inhibitor of Polynucleotide Kinase/Phosphatase (PNKP) for Targeted Sensitization of Colorectal Cancer to Radiation-Induced DNA Damage. Front Oncol 2022; 11:772920. [PMID: 35004293 PMCID: PMC8733593 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.772920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the DNA repair enzyme polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP) increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to DNA damage by ionizing radiation (IR). We have developed a novel inhibitor of PNKP, i.e., A83B4C63, as a potential radio-sensitizer for the treatment of solid tumors. Systemic delivery of A83B4C63, however, may sensitize both cancer and normal cells to DNA damaging therapeutics. Preferential delivery of A83B4C63 to solid tumors by nanoparticles (NP) was proposed to reduce potential side effects of this PNKP inhibitor to normal tissue, particularly when combined with DNA damaging therapies. Here, we investigated the radio-sensitizing activity of A83B4C63 encapsulated in NPs (NP/A83) based on methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(α-benzyl carboxylate-ε-caprolactone) (mPEO-b-PBCL) or solubilized with the aid of Cremophor EL: Ethanol (CE/A83) in human HCT116 colorectal cancer (CRC) models. Levels of γ-H2AX were measured and the biodistribution of CE/A83 and NP/A83 administered intravenously was determined in subcutaneous HCT116 CRC xenografts. The radio-sensitization effect of A83B4C63 was measured following fractionated tumor irradiation using an image-guided Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP), with 24 h pre-administration of CE/A83 and NP/A83 to Luc+/HCT116 bearing mice. Therapeutic effects were analyzed by monitoring tumor growth and functional imaging using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and [18F]-fluoro-3’-deoxy-3’-L:-fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) as a radiotracer for cell proliferation. The results showed an increased persistence of DNA damage in cells treated with a combination of CE/A83 or NP/A83 and IR compared to those only exposed to IR. Significantly higher tumor growth delay in mice treated with a combination of IR and NP/A83 than those treated with IR plus CE/A83 was observed. [18F]FLT PET displayed significant functional changes for tumor proliferation for the drug-loaded NP. This observation was attributed to the higher A83B4C63 levels in the tumors for NP/A83-treated mice compared to those treated with CE/A83. Overall, the results demonstrated a potential for A83B4C63-loaded NP as a novel radio-sensitizer for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sams M A Sadat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Igor M Paiva
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sirazum Munira
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nasim Sarrami
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Forughalsadat Sanaee
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marco Paladino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ziyad Binkhathlan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feridoun Karimi-Busheri
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gary R Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Frank R Jirik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David Murray
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Armin M Gamper
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dennis G Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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9
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Discovery of potential inhibitors targeting the kinase domain of polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP): Homology modeling, virtual screening based on multiple conformations, and molecular dynamics simulation. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 94:107517. [PMID: 34456161 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the level of interest has been increased in developing the DNA-repair inhibitors, to enhance the cytotoxic effects in the treatment of cancers. Polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP) is a critical human DNA repair enzyme that repairs DNA strand breaks by catalyzing the restoration of 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl termini that are required for subsequent processing by DNA ligases and polymerases. PNKP is the only protein that repairs the 3'-hydroxyl group and 5'-phosphate group, which depicts PNKP as a potential therapeutic target. Besides, PNKP is the only DNA-repair enzyme that contains the 5'-kinase activity, therefore, targeting this kinase domain would motivate the development of novel PNKP-specific inhibitors. However, there are neither crystal structures of human PNKP nor the kinase inhibitors reported so far. Thus, in this present study, a sequential molecular docking-based virtual screening with multiple PNKP conformations integrating homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculation was developed to discover novel PNKP kinase inhibitors, and the top-scored molecule was finally submitted to molecular dynamics simulation to reveal the binding mechanism between the inhibitor and PNKP. Taken together, the current study could provide some guidance for the molecular docking based-virtual screening of novel PNKP kinase inhibitors.
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10
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Base excision repair and its implications to cancer therapy. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:831-843. [PMID: 32648895 PMCID: PMC7588666 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) has evolved to preserve the integrity of DNA following cellular oxidative stress and in response to exogenous insults. The pathway is a coordinated, sequential process involving 30 proteins or more in which single strand breaks are generated as intermediates during the repair process. While deficiencies in BER activity can lead to high mutation rates and tumorigenesis, cancer cells often rely on increased BER activity to tolerate oxidative stress. Targeting BER has been an attractive strategy to overwhelm cancer cells with DNA damage, improve the efficacy of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, or form part of a lethal combination with a cancer specific mutation/loss of function. We provide an update on the progress of inhibitors to enzymes involved in BER, and some of the challenges faced with targeting the BER pathway.
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11
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Ku A, Facca VJ, Cai Z, Reilly RM. Auger electrons for cancer therapy - a review. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:27. [PMID: 31659527 PMCID: PMC6800417 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Auger electrons (AEs) are very low energy electrons that are emitted by radionuclides that decay by electron capture (e.g. 111In, 67Ga, 99mTc, 195mPt, 125I and 123I). This energy is deposited over nanometre-micrometre distances, resulting in high linear energy transfer (LET) that is potent for causing lethal damage in cancer cells. Thus, AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents have great potential for treatment of cancer. In this review, we describe the radiobiological properties of AEs, their radiation dosimetry, radiolabelling methods, and preclinical and clinical studies that have been performed to investigate AEs for cancer treatment. Results AEs are most lethal to cancer cells when emitted near the cell nucleus and especially when incorporated into DNA (e.g. 125I-IUdR). AEs cause DNA damage both directly and indirectly via water radiolysis. AEs can also kill targeted cancer cells by damaging the cell membrane, and kill non-targeted cells through a cross-dose or bystander effect. The radiation dosimetry of AEs considers both organ doses and cellular doses. The Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) schema may be applied. Radiolabelling methods for complexing AE-emitters to biomolecules (antibodies and peptides) and nanoparticles include radioiodination (125I and 123I) or radiometal chelation (111In, 67Ga, 99mTc). Cancer cells exposed in vitro to AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents exhibit decreased clonogenic survival correlated at least in part with unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) detected by immunofluorescence for γH2AX, and chromosomal aberrations. Preclinical studies of AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents have shown strong tumour growth inhibition in vivo in tumour xenograft mouse models. Minimal normal tissue toxicity was found due to the restricted toxicity of AEs mostly on tumour cells targeted by the radiotherapeutic agents. Clinical studies of AEs for cancer treatment have been limited but some encouraging results were obtained in early studies using 111In-DTPA-octreotide and 125I-IUdR, in which tumour remissions were achieved in several patients at administered amounts that caused low normal tissue toxicity, as well as promising improvements in the survival of glioblastoma patients with 125I-mAb 425, with minimal normal tissue toxicity. Conclusions Proof-of-principle for AE radiotherapy of cancer has been shown preclinically, and clinically in a limited number of studies. The recent introduction of many biologically-targeted therapies for cancer creates new opportunities to design novel AE-emitting agents for cancer treatment. Pierre Auger did not conceive of the application of AEs for targeted cancer treatment, but this is a tremendously exciting future that we and many other scientists in this field envision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie J Facca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhongli Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Joint Department of Medical Imaging and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
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12
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Kopa P, Macieja A, Galita G, Witczak ZJ, Poplawski T. DNA Double Strand Breaks Repair Inhibitors: Relevance as Potential New Anticancer Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1483-1493. [PMID: 29446719 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks are considered one of the most lethal forms of DNA damage. Many effective anticancer therapeutic approaches used chemical and physical methods to generate DNA double-strand breaks in the cancer cells. They include: IR and drugs which mimetic its action, topoisomerase poisons, some alkylating agents or drugs which affected DNA replication process. On the other hand, cancer cells are mostly characterized by highly effective systems of DNA damage repair. There are two main DNA repair pathways used to fix double-strand breaks: NHEJ and HRR. Their activity leads to a decreased effect of chemotherapy. Targeting directly or indirectly the DNA double-strand breaks response by inhibitors seems to be an exciting option for anticancer therapy and is a part of novel trends that arise after the clinical success of PARP inhibitors. These trends will provide great opportunities for the development of DNA repair inhibitors as new potential anticancer drugs. The main objective of this article is to address these new promising advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kopa
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Anna Macieja
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Zbigniew J Witczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, United States
| | - Tomasz Poplawski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
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13
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Bavelaar BM, Lee BQ, Gill MR, Falzone N, Vallis KA. Subcellular Targeting of Theranostic Radionuclides. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:996. [PMID: 30233374 PMCID: PMC6131480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen rapid growth in the use of theranostic radionuclides for the treatment and imaging of a wide range of cancers. Radionuclide therapy and imaging rely on a radiolabeled vector to specifically target cancer cells. Radionuclides that emit β particles have thus far dominated the field of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), mainly because the longer range (μm-mm track length) of these particles offsets the heterogeneous expression of the molecular target. Shorter range (nm-μm track length) α- and Auger electron (AE)-emitting radionuclides on the other hand provide high ionization densities at the site of decay which could overcome much of the toxicity associated with β-emitters. Given that there is a growing body of evidence that other sensitive sites besides the DNA, such as the cell membrane and mitochondria, could be critical targets in TRT, improved techniques in detecting the subcellular distribution of these radionuclides are necessary, especially since many β-emitting radionuclides also emit AE. The successful development of TRT agents capable of homing to targets with subcellular precision demands the parallel development of quantitative assays for evaluation of spatial distribution of radionuclides in the nm-μm range. In this review, the status of research directed at subcellular targeting of radionuclide theranostics and the methods for imaging and quantification of radionuclide localization at the nanoscale are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katherine A. Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Hurtado AM, Luengo-Gil G, Chen-Liang TH, Amaral F, Batta K, Palomo L, Lumbreras E, Przychodzen B, Caparros E, Amigo ML, Dıez-Campelo M, Zamora L, Salido Fierrez EJ, Maciejewski JP, Ortuño FJ, Vicente V, Del Canizo M, Sole F, Ferrer-Marin F, Wiseman DH, Jerez A. Transcriptomic rationale for synthetic lethality-targeting ERCC1 and CDKN1A in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2018; 182:373-383. [PMID: 29797327 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the absence of mutations in the DNA repair machinery in myeloid malignancies, the advent of high-throughput sequencing and discovery of splicing and epigenetics defects in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) prompted us to revisit a pathogenic role for genes involved in DNA damage response. We screened for misregulated DNA repair genes by enhanced RNA-sequencing on bone marrow from a discovery cohort of 27 CMML patients and 9 controls. We validated 4 differentially expressed candidates in CMML CD34+ bone marrow selected cells and in an independent cohort of 74 CMML patients, mutationally contextualized by targeted sequencing, and assessed their transcriptional behavior in 70 myelodysplastic syndrome, 66 acute myeloid leukaemia and 25 chronic myeloid leukaemia cases. We found BAP1 and PARP1 down-regulation to be specific to CMML compared with other related disorders. Chromatin-regulator mutated cases showed decreased BAP1 dosage. We validated a significant over-expression of the double strand break-fidelity genes CDKN1A and ERCC1, independent of promoter methylation and associated with chemorefractoriness. In addition, patients bearing mutations in the splicing component SRSF2 displayed numerous aberrant splicing events in DNA repair genes, with a quantitative predominance in the single strand break pathway. Our results highlight potential targets in this disease, which currently has few therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Hurtado
- Haematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gines Luengo-Gil
- Haematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tzu H Chen-Liang
- Haematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fabio Amaral
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kiran Batta
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK, Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Palomo
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia- Research Institute, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Lumbreras
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bartlomiej Przychodzen
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Eva Caparros
- Haematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marıa L Amigo
- Haematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Dıez-Campelo
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lurdes Zamora
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia- Research Institute, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | | | - Vicente Vicente
- Haematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marıa Del Canizo
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francesc Sole
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia- Research Institute, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel H Wiseman
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andres Jerez
- Haematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
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15
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Srivastava P, Sarma A, Chaturvedi CM. Targeting DNA repair with PNKP inhibition sensitizes radioresistant prostate cancer cells to high LET radiation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190516. [PMID: 29320576 PMCID: PMC5762163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High linear energy transfer (LET) radiation or heavy ion such as carbon ion radiation is used as a method for advanced radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. It has many advantages over the conventional photon based radiotherapy using Co-60 gamma or high energy X-rays from a Linear Accelerator. However, charged particle therapy is very costly. One way to reduce the cost as well as irradiation effects on normal cells is to reduce the dose of radiation by enhancing the radiation sensitivity through the use of a radiomodulator. PNKP (polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase) is an enzyme which plays important role in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway. It is expected that inhibition of PNKP activity may enhance the efficacy of the charged particle irradiation in the radioresistant prostate cancer cell line PC-3. To test this hypothesis, we investigated cellular radiosensitivity by clonogenic cell survival assay in PC-3 cells.12Carbon ion beam of62 MeVenergy (equivalent 5.16 MeV/nucleon) and with an entrance LET of 287 kev/μm was used for the present study. Apoptotic parameters such as nuclear fragmentation and caspase-3 activity were measured by DAPI staining, nuclear ladder assay and colorimetric caspase-3method. Cell cycle arrest was determined by FACS analysis. Cell death was enhanced when carbon ion irradiation is combined with PNKPi (PNKP inhibitor) to treat cells as compared to that seen for PNKPi untreated cells. A low concentration (10μM) of PNKPi effectively radiosensitized the PC-3 cells in terms of reduction of dose in achieving the same survival fraction. PC-3 cells underwent significant apoptosis and cell cycle arrest too was enhanced at G2/M phase when carbon ion irradiation was combined with PNKPi treatment. Our findings suggest that combined treatment of carbon ion irradiation and PNKP inhibition could enhance cellular radiosensitivity in a radioresistant prostate cancer cell line PC-3. The synergistic effect of PNKPi and carbon ion irradiation could be used as a promising method for carbon-ion therapy in radioresistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asitikantha Sarma
- Radiation Biology Laboratory, Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India
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16
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Aceytuno RD, Piett CG, Havali-Shahriari Z, Edwards RA, Rey M, Ye R, Javed F, Fang S, Mani R, Weinfeld M, Hammel M, Tainer JA, Schriemer DC, Lees-Miller SP, Glover JNM. Structural and functional characterization of the PNKP-XRCC4-LigIV DNA repair complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:6238-6251. [PMID: 28453785 PMCID: PMC5449630 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repairs DNA double strand breaks in non-cycling eukaryotic cells. NHEJ relies on polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP), which generates 5΄-phosphate/3΄-hydroxyl DNA termini that are critical for ligation by the NHEJ DNA ligase, LigIV. PNKP and LigIV require the NHEJ scaffolding protein, XRCC4. The PNKP FHA domain binds to the CK2-phosphorylated XRCC4 C-terminal tail, while LigIV uses its tandem BRCT repeats to bind the XRCC4 coiled-coil. Yet, the assembled PNKP-XRCC4–LigIV complex remains uncharacterized. Here, we report purification and characterization of a recombinant PNKP–XRCC4–LigIV complex. We show that the stable binding of PNKP in this complex requires XRCC4 phosphorylation and that only one PNKP protomer binds per XRCC4 dimer. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveals a flexible multi-state complex that suggests that both the PNKP FHA and catalytic domains contact the XRCC4 coiled-coil and LigIV BRCT repeats. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange indicates protection of a surface on the PNKP phosphatase domain that may contact XRCC4–LigIV. A mutation on this surface (E326K) causes the hereditary neuro-developmental disorder, MCSZ. This mutation impairs PNKP recruitment to damaged DNA in human cells and provides a possible disease mechanism. Together, this work unveils multipoint contacts between PNKP and XRCC4–LigIV that regulate PNKP recruitment and activity within NHEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Daniel Aceytuno
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2H7, Canada
| | - Cortt G Piett
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Ross A Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2H7, Canada
| | - Martial Rey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ruiqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fatima Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2H7, Canada
| | - Shujuan Fang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Rajam Mani
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John A Tainer
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David C Schriemer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Susan P Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - J N Mark Glover
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2H7, Canada
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17
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Ruella M, Klichinsky M, Kenderian SS, Shestova O, Ziober A, Kraft DO, Feldman M, Wasik MA, June CH, Gill S. Overcoming the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment of Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1154-1167. [PMID: 28576927 PMCID: PMC5628114 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with otherwise treatment-resistant Hodgkin lymphoma could benefit from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy. However, Hodgkin lymphoma lacks CD19 and contains a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that in Hodgkin lymphoma, CART should target both malignant cells and the TME. We demonstrated CD123 on both Hodgkin lymphoma cells and TME, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). In vitro, Hodgkin lymphoma cells convert macrophages toward immunosuppressive TAMs that inhibit T-cell proliferation. In contrast, anti-CD123 CART recognized and killed TAMs, thus overcoming immunosuppression. Finally, we showed in immunodeficient mouse models that CART123 eradicated Hodgkin lymphoma and established long-term immune memory. A novel platform that targets malignant cells and the microenvironment may be needed to successfully treat malignancies with an immunosuppressive milieu.Significance: Anti-CD123 chimeric antigen receptor T cells target both the malignant cells and TAMs in Hodgkin lymphoma, thereby eliminating an important immunosuppressive component of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1154-67. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Klichinsky
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Olga Shestova
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy Ziober
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel O Kraft
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Saar Gill
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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18
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Aghevlian S, Boyle AJ, Reilly RM. Radioimmunotherapy of cancer with high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation delivered by radionuclides emitting α-particles or Auger electrons. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 109:102-118. [PMID: 26705852 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) aims to selectively deliver radionuclides emitting α-particles, β-particles or Auger electrons to tumors by conjugation to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize tumor-associated antigens/receptors. The approach has been most successful for treatment of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma but challenges have been encountered in extending these promising results to the treatment of solid malignancies. These challenges include the low potency of β-particle emitters such as 131I, 177Lu or 90Y which have been commonly conjugated to the mAbs, due to their low linear energy transfer (LET=0.1-1.0keV/μm). Furthermore, since the β-particles have a 2-10mm range, there has been dose-limiting non-specific toxicity to hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow (BM) due to the cross-fire effect. Conjugation of mAbs to α-particle-emitters (e.g. 225Ac, 213Bi, 212Pb or 211At) or Auger electron-emitters (e.g. 111In, 67Ga, 123I or 125I) would increase the potency of RIT due to their high LET (50-230keV/μm and 4 to 26keV/μm, respectively). In addition, α-particles have a range in tissues of 28-100μm and Auger electrons are nanometer in range which greatly reduces or eliminates the cross-fire effect compared to β-particles, potentially reducing their non-specific toxicity to the BM. In this review, we describe the results of preclinical and clinical studies of RIT of cancer using radioimmunoconjugates emitting α-particles or Auger electrons, and discuss the potential of these high LET forms of radiation to improve the outcome of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Aghevlian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda J Boyle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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19
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Bergstrom D, Leyton JV, Zereshkian A, Chan C, Cai Z, Reilly RM. Paradoxical effects of Auger electron-emitting 111 In-DTPA-NLS-CSL360 radioimmunoconjugates on hCD45 + cells in the bone marrow and spleen of leukemia-engrafted NOD/SCID or NRG mice. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:635-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Ruella M, Barrett DM, Kenderian SS, Shestova O, Hofmann TJ, Perazzelli J, Klichinsky M, Aikawa V, Nazimuddin F, Kozlowski M, Scholler J, Lacey SF, Melenhorst JJ, Morrissette JJD, Christian DA, Hunter CA, Kalos M, Porter DL, June CH, Grupp SA, Gill S. Dual CD19 and CD123 targeting prevents antigen-loss relapses after CD19-directed immunotherapies. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3814-3826. [PMID: 27571406 DOI: 10.1172/jci87366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent CD19-directed immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART) and blinatumomab, have drastically changed the outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, CD19-negative relapses have emerged as a major problem that is observed in approximately 30% of treated patients. Developing approaches to preventing and treating antigen-loss escapes would therefore represent a vertical advance in the field. Here, we found that in primary patient samples, the IL-3 receptor α chain CD123 was highly expressed on leukemia-initiating cells and CD19-negative blasts in bulk B-ALL at baseline and at relapse after CART19 administration. Using intravital imaging in an antigen-loss CD19-negative relapse xenograft model, we determined that CART123, but not CART19, recognized leukemic blasts, established protracted synapses, and eradicated CD19-negative leukemia, leading to prolonged survival. Furthermore, combining CART19 and CART123 prevented antigen-loss relapses in xenograft models. Finally, we devised a dual CAR-expressing construct that combined CD19- and CD123-mediated T cell activation and demonstrated that it provides superior in vivo activity against B-ALL compared with single-expressing CART or pooled combination CART. In conclusion, these findings indicate that targeting CD19 and CD123 on leukemic blasts represents an effective strategy for treating and preventing antigen-loss relapses occurring after CD19-directed therapies.
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21
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Beaudoin S, Rondeau A, Martel O, Bonin MA, van Lier JE, Leyton JV. ChAcNLS, a Novel Modification to Antibody-Conjugates Permitting Target Cell-Specific Endosomal Escape, Localization to the Nucleus, and Enhanced Total Intracellular Accumulation. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1915-26. [PMID: 27112376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The design of antibody-conjugates (ACs) for delivering molecules for targeted applications in humans has sufficiently progressed to demonstrate clinical efficacy in certain malignancies and reduced systemic toxicity that occurs with standard nontargeted therapies. One area that can advance clinical success for ACs will be to increase their intracellular accumulation. However, entrapment and degradation in the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, on which ACs are reliant for the depositing of their molecular payload inside target cells, leads to reduced intracellular accumulation. Innovative approaches that can manipulate this pathway may provide a strategy for increasing accumulation. We hypothesized that escape from entrapment inside the endosomal-lysosomal pathway and redirected trafficking to the nucleus could be an effective approach to increase intracellular AC accumulation in target cells. Cholic acid (ChAc) was coupled to the peptide CGYGPKKKRKVGG containing the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) from SV-40 large T-antigen, which is termed ChAcNLS. ChAcNLS was conjugated to the mAb 7G3 (7G3-ChAcNLS), which has nanomolar affinity for the cell-surface leukemic antigen interleukin-3 receptor-α (IL-3Rα). Our aim was to determine whether 7G3-ChAcNLS increased intracellular accumulation while retaining nanomolar affinity and IL-3Rα-positive cell selectivity. Competition ELISA and cell treatment assays were performed. Cell fractionation, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blot techniques were used to determine the level of antibody accumulation inside cells and in corresponding nuclei. In addition, the radioisotope copper-64 ((64)Cu) was also utilized as a surrogate molecular cargo to evaluate nuclear and intracellular accumulation by radioactivity counting. 7G3-ChAcNLS effectively escaped endosome entrapment and degradation resulting in a unique intracellular distribution pattern. mAb modification with ChAcNLS maintained 7G3 nM affinity and produced high selectivity for IL-3Rα-positive cells. In contrast, 7G3 ACs with the ability to either escape endosome entrapment or traffic to the nucleus was not superior to 7G3-ChAcNLS for increasing intracellular accumulation. Transportation of (64)Cu when complexed to 7G3-ChAcNLS also resulted in increased nuclear and intracellular radioactivity accumulation. Thus, ChAcNLS is a novel mAb functionalizing technology that demonstrates its ability to increase AC intracellular accumulation in target cells through escaping endosome entrapment coupled to nuclear trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Beaudoin
- Departément de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, ‡Plateforme de synthèse de peptides et de sondes d'imageries, Faculté de médecine et sciences de la santé, and §Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke (CIMS), Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Andreanne Rondeau
- Departément de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, ‡Plateforme de synthèse de peptides et de sondes d'imageries, Faculté de médecine et sciences de la santé, and §Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke (CIMS), Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Olivier Martel
- Departément de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, ‡Plateforme de synthèse de peptides et de sondes d'imageries, Faculté de médecine et sciences de la santé, and §Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke (CIMS), Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Marc-Andre Bonin
- Departément de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, ‡Plateforme de synthèse de peptides et de sondes d'imageries, Faculté de médecine et sciences de la santé, and §Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke (CIMS), Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Johan E van Lier
- Departément de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, ‡Plateforme de synthèse de peptides et de sondes d'imageries, Faculté de médecine et sciences de la santé, and §Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke (CIMS), Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey V Leyton
- Departément de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, ‡Plateforme de synthèse de peptides et de sondes d'imageries, Faculté de médecine et sciences de la santé, and §Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke (CIMS), Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H5N4, Canada
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Auger electron-emitting 111 In-DTPA-NLS-CSL360 radioimmunoconjugates are cytotoxic to human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells displaying the CD123 + /CD131 − phenotype of leukemia stem cells. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 110:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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MicroSPECT/CT imaging of primary human AML engrafted into the bone marrow and spleen of NOD/SCID mice using 111In-DTPA-NLS-CSL360 radioimmunoconjugates recognizing the CD123+/CD131− epitope expressed by leukemia stem cells. Leuk Res 2014; 38:1367-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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