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Cacciatore S, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Picca A, Fratta AE, Esposito I, Tosato M, Landi F. Predictive values of relative fat mass and body mass index on cardiovascular health in community-dwelling older adults: Results from the Longevity Check-up (Lookup) 7. Maturitas 2024; 185:108011. [PMID: 38703596 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the predictive value of relative fat mass compared to body mass index for hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and heightened cardiovascular risk in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults from the Longevity Check-up 7+ cohort. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hyperlipidemia was defined as total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL or ongoing lipid-lowering treatment. Diabetes was defined either as self-reported diagnosis or fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dL or a random blood glucose >200 mg/dL. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or requiring daily antihypertensive medications. Heightened cardiovascular risk was operationalized as having at least two of these conditions. RESULTS Analyses were conducted in 1990 participants (mean age 73.2 ± 6.0 years; 54.1 % women). Higher proportions of men than women had hypertension and diabetes, while hyperlipidemia was more prevalent in women. Receiver operating curve analysis indicated relative fat mass was a better predictor of hypertension in women and diabetes in both sexes. Body mass index performed better in predicting hyperlipidemia in women. Relative fat mass thresholds of ≥27 % for men and ≥40 % for women were identified as optimal indicators of heightened cardiovascular risk and so were used to defined high adiposity. Moderate correlations were found between high adiposity or body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and heightened cardiovascular risk, while a strong correlation was found with diabetes. Logistic regression analysis highlighted significant associations between high adiposity and increased odds of hypertension, diabetes, and heightened cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS Proposed cut-offs for relative fat mass were more reliable indices than the usual cut-offs for body mass index for identifying individuals at heightened cardiovascular risk. Our findings support the role of anthropometric measures in evaluating body composition and the associated metabolic and cardiovascular conditions in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Helio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, SS100 km 18, 70100 Casamassima, Italy.
| | - Alberto Emanuele Fratta
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Esposito
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Reza-Zaldívar E, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Targeting Metabolic Syndrome Pathways: Carrot microRNAs As Potential Modulators. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21891-21903. [PMID: 38799337 PMCID: PMC11112692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by metabolic alterations that culminate in chronic noncommunicable diseases of high morbidity and mortality, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and colon cancer. Developing new therapeutic strategies with a multifactorial approach is important since current therapies focus on only one or two components of the metabolic syndrome. In this sense, plant-based gene regulation represents an innovative strategy to prevent or modulate human metabolic pathologies, including metabolic syndrome. Here, using a computational and systems biology approach, it was found that carrot microRNAs can modulate key BMPs/SMAD signaling members, C/EBPs, and KLFs involved in several aspects associated with metabolic syndrome, including the hsa04350:TGF-beta signaling pathway, hsa04931:insulin resistance, hsa04152:AMPK signaling pathway, hsa04933:AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, hsa04010:MAPK signaling pathway, hsa04350:TGF-beta signaling pathway, hsa01522:endocrine resistance, and hsa04910:insulin signaling pathway. These data demonstrated the potential applications of carrot microRNAs as effective food-based therapeutics for obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin
E. Reza-Zaldívar
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico
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3
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Davis KM, Petersen KS, Matthan NR, Legro RS, Kris-Etherton PM. Effect of Incorporating 1 Avocado per Day Versus Habitual Diet on Vascular Function in Adults With Abdominal Obesity: An Ancillary Study of HAT, a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030497. [PMID: 38726886 PMCID: PMC11179816 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction and poorer vascular health. Avocado consumption improves postprandial endothelial function; however, the longer-term effects remain unclear. It was hypothesized that the daily addition of 1 avocado to a habitual diet for 6 months would improve flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in individuals with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥35 in for women, ≥40 in for men), compared with a habitual diet low in avocados. METHODS AND RESULTS HAT (Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial) was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel-arm study that investigated the health effects of adding 1 avocado per day to a habitual diet in individuals with abdominal obesity. At the Pennsylvania State University, University Park study center (n=134; age, 50 ± 13 years; women, 78%; body mass index, 32.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2), markers of vascular function were measured, including endothelial function, assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, and arterial stiffness, assessed via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Between-group differences in 6-month change in flow-mediated dilation and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were assessed using independent t tests. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted using linear regression. No significant between-group differences in flow-mediated dilation (mean difference=-0.62% [95% CI, -1.70 to 0.46]) or carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (0.25 m/s [95% CI, -0.13 to 0.63]) were observed. Results of the subgroup analyses were consistent with the primary analyses. CONCLUSIONS Longer-term consumption of 1 avocado per day as part of a habitual diet did not improve measures of vascular function compared with a habitual diet low in avocados in individuals with abdominal obesity. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03528031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Department of Psychology Wayne State University Detroit MI USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Richard S Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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Agyemang C, van der Linden EL, Chilunga F, van den Born BH. International Migration and Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling the Disease Burden Among Migrants to North America and Europe. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030228. [PMID: 38686900 PMCID: PMC11179927 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Europe and North America are the 2 largest recipients of international migrants from low-resource regions in the world. Here, large differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and death exist between migrants and the host populations. This review discusses the CVD burden and its most important contributors among the largest migrant groups in Europe and North America as well as the consequences of migration to high-income countries on CVD diagnosis and therapy. The available evidence indicates that migrants in Europe and North America generally have a higher CVD risk compared with the host populations. Cardiometabolic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors are important contributors to their increased CVD risk. However, despite these common denominators, there are important ethnic differences in the propensity to develop CVD that relate to pre- and postmigration factors, such as socioeconomic status, cultural factors, lifestyle, psychosocial stress, access to health care and health care usage. Some of these pre- and postmigration environmental factors may interact with genetic (epigenetics) and microbial factors, which further influence their CVD risk. The limited number of prospective cohorts and clinical trials in migrant populations remains an important culprit for better understanding pathophysiological mechanism driving health differences and for developing ethnic-specific CVD risk prediction and care. Only by improved understanding of the complex interaction among human biology, migration-related factors, and sociocultural determinants of health influencing CVD risk will we be able to mitigate these differences and truly make inclusive personalized treatment possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Eva L. van der Linden
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Felix Chilunga
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bert‐Jan H. van den Born
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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5
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Bosello F, Vanzo A, Zaffalon C, Polinelli L, Saggin F, Bonacci E, Pedrotti E, Marchini G, Bosello O. Obesity, body fat distribution and eye diseases. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:33. [PMID: 38710948 PMCID: PMC11074037 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity, a chronic disease, is increasing, and obesity is now considered a global epidemic. Eye diseases are also increasing worldwide and have serious repercussions on quality of life as well as increasingly high costs for the community. The relationships between obesity and ocular pathologies are not yet well clarified and are not pathologically homogeneous: they seem to be somehow linked to excess body fat, especially to the distribution of adipose tissue and its ectopic deposits. PURPOSE Our objective was to examine the associations between obesity and anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the waist/hip ratio (WHR), and the risk of most widespread eye diseases, with particular attention given to the most significant metabolic mechanisms. METHODS This article provides a narrative overview of the effect of obesity and anthropometric measurements of body fat on prevalent eye diseases. We used the MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1984 to 2024. In addition, we hand-searched references from the retrieved articles and explored a number of related websites. A total of 153 publications were considered. RESULTS There is significant evidence that obesity is associated with several eye diseases. Waist circumference (WC) and the waist/hip ratio (WHR) have been observed to have stronger positive associations with eye diseases than BMI. CONCLUSIONS Obesity must be considered a significant risk factor for eye diseases; hence, a multidisciplinary and multidimensional approach to treating obesity, which also affects ocular health, is important. In the prevention and treatment of eye diseases related to obesity, lifestyle factors, especially diet and physical activity, as well as weight changes, both weight loss and weight gain, should not be overlooked. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V narrative review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bosello
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Angiola Vanzo
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Unit, Azienda ULSS 8, Berica, Veneto, Italy
| | - Chiara Zaffalon
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Polinelli
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Filippo Saggin
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Erika Bonacci
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Pedrotti
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marchini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Bazerbachi F, Baroud S, Levy MJ, Maselli DB, Vargas EJ, Bofill-Garcia A, Law RJ, Chandrasekhara V, Storm AC, Gleeson FC, Rajan E, Iyer PG, Watt KD, Abu Dayyeh BK. Celiac artery mesenteric fat measurement with endosonography (CAMEUS) reliably correlates with obesity and related comorbidities. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae039. [PMID: 38681751 PMCID: PMC11052652 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral fat represents a metabolically active entity linked to adverse metabolic sequelae of obesity. We aimed to determine if celiac artery mesenteric fat thickness can be reliably measured during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and if these measurements correlate with metabolic disease burden. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent celiac artery mesenteric fat measurement with endosonography (CAMEUS) measurement at a tertiary referral center, and a validation prospective trial of patients with obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis who received paired EUS exams with CAMEUS measurement before and after six months of treatment with an intragastric balloon. Results CAMEUS was measured in 154 patients [56.5% females, mean age 56.5 ± 18.0 years, body mass index (BMI) 29.8 ± 8.0 kg/m2] and was estimated at 14.7 ± 6.5 mm. CAMEUS better correlated with the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (R2 = 0.248, P < 0.001) than BMI (R2 = 0.153, P < 0.001), and significantly correlated with metabolic parameters and diseases. After six months of intragastric balloon placement, the prospective cohort experienced 11.7% total body weight loss, 1.3 points improvement in hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.001), and a 29.4% average decrease in CAMEUS (-6.4 ± 5.2 mm, P < 0.001). CAMEUS correlated with improvements in weight (R2 = 0.368), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (R2 = 0.138), and NAFLD activity score (R2 = 0.156) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions CAMEUS is a novel measure that is significantly correlated with critical metabolic indices and can be easily captured during routine EUS to risk-stratify susceptible patients. This station could allow for EUS access to sampling and therapeutics of this metabolic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateh Bazerbachi
- CentraCare, Interventional Endoscopy Program, St Cloud Hospital, St. Cloud, MN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Serge Baroud
- Department of Internal Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel B Maselli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric J Vargas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ryan J Law
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Storm
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ferga C Gleeson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rajan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kymberly D Watt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barham K Abu Dayyeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Weerawatanakorn M, Kamchonemenukool S, Koh YC, Pan MH. Exploring Phytochemical Mechanisms in the Prevention of Cholesterol Dysregulation: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6833-6849. [PMID: 38517334 PMCID: PMC11018292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although cholesterol plays a key role in many physiological processes, its dysregulation can lead to several metabolic diseases. Statins are a group of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk but may lead to several side effects in some patients. Therefore, the development of a plant-based therapeutic adjuvant with cholesterol-lowering activity is desirable. The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis encompasses multiple steps, including biosynthesis and metabolism, uptake and transport, and bile acid metabolism; issues arising in any of these processes could contribute to the etiology of cholesterol-related diseases. An increasing body of evidence strongly indicates the benefits of phytochemicals for cholesterol regulation; traditional Chinese medicines prove beneficial in some disease models, although more scientific investigations are needed to confirm their effectiveness. One of the main functions of cholesterol is bile acid biosynthesis, where most bile acids are recycled back to the liver. The composition of bile acid is partly modulated by gut microbes and could be harmful to the liver. In this regard, the reshaping effect of phytochemicals on gut microbiota has been widely reported in the literature for its significance. Therefore, we reviewed studies conducted over the past 5 years elucidating the regulatory effects of phytochemicals or herbal medicines on cholesterol metabolism. In addition, their effects on the recomposition of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism due to modulation are discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the treatment of cholesterol dysregulation and the anticipated development of natural-based compounds in the near and far future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Centre
of Excellence in Fats and Oils, Naresuan
University Science Park, 99 M 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sudthida Kamchonemenukool
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
- Department
of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia
University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
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Bikou A, Dermiki-Gkana F, Penteris M, Constantinides TK, Kontogiorgis C. A systematic review of the effect of semaglutide on lean mass: insights from clinical trials. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:611-619. [PMID: 38629387 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2343092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is associated with significant weight loss, yet its impact on lean body mass remains insufficiently understood. This review investigates the effect of semaglutide on lean mass in the context of obesity management. METHODOLOGY This study investigates through different databases (PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar) from 2016 for randomized control trials (RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the use of semaglutide in overweight or obese patients, regardless of whether they have type 2 diabetes or not. The studies compared semaglutide to a placebo or alternative medications. RESULTS Six studies with 1,541 overweight or obese adults were included, and significant weight reductions were observed primarily due to fat mass loss. While the lean mass remained stable in some cases, notable reductions ranging from almost 0% to 40% of total weight reduction were observed in others. Noteworthy decreases in lean mass were particularly evident in larger trials, yet the proportion of lean mass relative to total body mass increased, suggesting a positive overall outcome. CONCLUSION Semaglutide displays potential for weight loss primarily through fat mass reduction. However, concerns arise from notable reductions in lean mass, especially in trials with a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Bikou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Foteini Dermiki-Gkana
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michail Penteris
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theodoros K Constantinides
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Khani S, Rafiei S, Ghashghaee A, Masoumi M, Rezaee S, Kheradkhah G, Abdollahi B. Cardiovascular risk factors among nurses: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0286245. [PMID: 38512844 PMCID: PMC10956831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses as the largest group of health workers have a very stressful job which can cause number of diseases specially increase cardiovascular risk factors. This study aims to investigate the overall epidemiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among nurses. METHOD We searched all four main databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Embase and Web of Sciences from the beginning of 2000 to March 2022 with appropriate Mesh Terms. We also searched Google scholar. Then we applied inclusion and exclusion criteria and after selection the studies the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Comprehensive Meta-analysis and R software was used for analysis. RESULTS Finally, 22 articles with a total number of 117922 nurses were included. Among all risk factors, sedentary lifestyle and lack of regular physical activity with a prevalence of 46.3% (CI 95%, 26.6-67.2) was regarded as the main prevalent risk factor among nurses. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured in the study population was 121.31 (CI 95%, 114.73-127.90) and the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 78.08 (CI 95%, 74.90-81.25). Also family history of cardiovascular disease (41.9%; 95% IC: 29.8-55.1%), being overweight (33.3%; 95% IC: 24.7-43.2%), and alcohol consumption (24.6%; 95% IC: 16.4-35.2%) was found among the participants. CONCLUSION Study results revealed that sedentary lifestyle was the main prevalent CVD risk factor among nurses followed by family history of cardiovascular disease, being overweight and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, among nurses with shift works almost all risk factors got higher score representing the worse condition in comparison with day workers' nurses. This study enables learning the associated risk factors of CVD among nurses to facilitate interventional programs with a view to reduce the exposure of nursing staff particularly those who work in shifts to cardiovascular risk factors. 1. WHAT WAS ALREADY KNOWN? In general, many studies have emphasized the impact of the nursing profession on the incidence of some cardiovascular patients. Also, different shifts of nurses can have a double effect. 2. WHAT ARE THE NEW FINDINGS? In this study, the mean for sedentary lifestyle was reported to be 46.3% which represented the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular risk factors among study population. 3. WHAT IS THEIR SIGNIFICANCE? This study enables learning the associated risk factors of CVD among nurses to facilitate interventional programs with a view to reduce the exposure of nursing staff particularly those who work in shifts to cardiovascular risk factors. This information can comprise essential tools for health human resource management contributing to advance nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Khani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rafiei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghashghaee
- The School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Masoumi
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Srva Rezaee
- Instructor Clinical Care Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Golnaz Kheradkhah
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Abdollahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Wang Z, Shao X, Xu W, Xue B, Zhong S, Yang Q. The relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index and diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1345411. [PMID: 38559695 PMCID: PMC10978751 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1345411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is seen as a risk factor for diabetic complications. The weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) is a recently developed index for measuring adiposity. Our goal was to uncover the potential correlation between the WWI index and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) risk. Methods This cross-sectional study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who participated in the NHANES database (2007-2018). The WWI index was calculated as waist circumference (WC, cm) divided by the square root of weight (kg). DKD was diagnosed based on impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m2), albuminuria (urinary albumin to urinary creatinine ratio>30 mg/g), or both in T2DM patients. The independent relationship between WWI index and DKD risk was evaluated. Results A total of 5,028 participants with T2DM were included, with an average WWI index of 11.61 ± 0.02. As the quartile range of the WWI index increased, the prevalence of DKD gradually increased (26.76% vs. 32.63% vs. 39.06% vs. 42.96%, P<0.001). After adjusting for various confounding factors, the WWI index was independently associated with DKD risk (OR=1.32, 95%CI:1.12-1.56, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the WWI index was higher than that of body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and WC. Subgroup analysis suggested that the relationship between the WWI index and DKD risk was of greater concern in patients over 60 years old and those with cardiovascular disease. Conclusions Our findings suggest that higher WWI levels are linked to DKD in T2DM patients. The WWI index could be a cost-effective and simple way to detect DKD, but further prospective studies are needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Wujin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Wujin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingshuang Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Wujin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Wujin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Sakboonyarat B, Poovieng J, Rangsin R. Association between obesity and new-onset heart failure among patients with hypertension in Thailand. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:33. [PMID: 38424593 PMCID: PMC10905941 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Thailand, the epidemiological data on the relationship between obesity and heart failure (HF) among high-risk populations was limited. We assessed the association between body mass index (BMI) and the new-onset HF among people with hypertension (HTN), and also assessed the effect modifier of uncontrolled HTN on this association. METHODS We analyzed the data obtained from the 2018 Thailand DM/HT study database. Thai people with HTN aged 20 years and older receiving continuous care at outpatient clinics in hospitals nationwide were included. The new-onset HF was defined regarding the ICD-10 as I50 in the medical records within 12 months. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Multivariable log-binomial regression analysis was used to determine the association between BMI and new-onset HF and presented as the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 35,756 participants were included in the analysis. In all, 50.0% of the participants had BP control for the last two consecutive visits. The mean BMI was 25.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2. New-onset HF occurred in 75 participants (0.21%; 95% CI 0.17-0.26). After adjusting for potential confounders, an elevated BMI was associated with new-onset HF (p value for quadratic trend < 0.001). In comparison with participants with normal BMI (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), the aRR for new-onset HF was 1.57 (95% CI 0.80-3.07) and 3.97 (95% CI 1.95-8.10) in those with BMI 25.0-29.9, and ≥ 30.0 kg/m2. For participants with obesity, aRR for new-onset HF was 2.05 (95% CI 1.24-3.39) compared to non-obese participants. The study found that among patients with control BP, obesity was associated with a higher risk of new-onset HF with an adjusted RR of 2.33 (95% CI 1.12-4.83). For those with uncontrolled BP, the adjusted RR was 1.83 (95% CI 0.93-3.58), but there was no heterogeneity with p value = 0.642. CONCLUSION An increased BMI had a higher risk for new-onset HF among Thai people with HTN. Obesity was independently associated with new-onset HF among people with HTN, regardless of uncontrolled HTN. Our findings highlight that weight reduction is crucial for mitigating the risk of HF development in HTN patients, regardless of their BP control status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonsub Sakboonyarat
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jaturon Poovieng
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ram Rangsin
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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12
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Lam TF, Lyu Z, Wu X, Wong YP, Cao P, Wong EY, Hung HB, Zhang S, Bian Z, Zhong LLD. Electro-acupuncture for central obesity: a patient-assessor blinded, randomized sham-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:62. [PMID: 38287303 PMCID: PMC10823622 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central obesity is considered as a significant health threat to individuals. Scientific research has demonstrated that intra-abdominal fat accumulation is associated with higher metabolic and cardiovascular disease risks independent of Body Mass Index (BMI). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electro-acupuncture in treating central obesity compared with sham acupuncture. METHOD This was a patient-assessor blinded, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial. One hundred sixty eight participants aged between 18 and 65 years old with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) of men ≥ 90 cm / women ≥ 80 cm were enrolled and allocated to the acupuncture or sham acupuncture group equally. For the acupuncture group, disposable acupuncture needles were inserted into eight body acupoints, including Tianshu (ST-25), Daheng (SP-15), Daimai (GB-26), Qihai (CV-6), Zhongwan (CV-12), Zusanli (ST-36), Fenglong (ST-40), and Sanyinjiao (SP-6) with electrical stimulation. For the control group, Streitberger's non-invasive acupuncture needles were utilized at the same acupoints with identical stimulation modalities. The treatment duration was 8 weeks with 2 sessions per week and the follow-up period was 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in WC before and after the treatment. The secondary outcomes were the changes in hip circumference, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, BMI, and body fat percentage during the treatment and follow-up period. RESULTS The acupuncture group displayed a significant change in WC compared to the sham group both treatment and follow-up period (MD = -1.1 cm, 95% CI = -2.8 to 4.1). Significant change in body fat percentage was recorded for both groups after treatment but no significance was observed during the follow-up period (MD = -0.1%, 95% CI = -1.9 to 2.2). The changes in hip circumference were also significant both treatment and follow-up period for the acupuncture group (MD = -2.0 cm, 95% CI = -3.7 to -1.7). Compared with sham acupuncture, the body weight (MD = -1 kg, 95% CI = -3.3 to 5.3), BMI (MD = -0.5, 95% CI = -0.7 to 1.9) also decreased significantly within and between groups. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence that electro-acupuncture could be effective in treating central obesity by reducing WC, hip circumference, body weight, BMI, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03815253, Registered 24 Jan 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Fung Lam
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Zipan Lyu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Xingyao Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Yi Ping Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Peihua Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emily Yen Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Hung Bun Hung
- Promed Chinese Medicine Specialist Clinic, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Shiping Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Linda L D Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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13
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Huo RR, Liao Q, Zhai L, You XM, Zuo YL. Interacting and joint effects of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and body mass index on stroke risk and the mediating role of TyG in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:30. [PMID: 38218819 PMCID: PMC10790273 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who are overweight or obese often develop insulin resistance, mediation of the association between body mass index (BMI) and stroke risk through the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) seems plausible but has not been investigated. This study aims to examine whether TyG mediates associations of BMI with stroke risk and the extent of interaction or joint relations of TyG and BMI with stroke outcome. METHODS The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, initiated in 2011, is a nationally representative, ongoing prospective cohort study involving 8 231 middle-aged and older Chinese adults without a stroke history at baseline. Exposures examined include BMI and the TyG, the latter being the logarithmized product of fasting triglyceride and glucose concentrations. The primary study outcome is stroke incidence, as determined through self-reports, with a follow-up period extending from June 1, 2011, to June 30, 2018. RESULTS Of the 8 231 participants, 3 815 (46.3%) were men; mean (SD) age was 59.23 (9.32) years. During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 585 (7.1%) participants developed stroke. The TyG was found to mediate the association between BMI and incident stroke, proportions mediated were 16.3% for BMI in the 24.0-27.9 kg/m2 group and 53.8% for BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 group. No significant multiplicative and additive interactions were found between BMI and TyG on incident stroke (Additive: RERI = 1.78, 95% CI - 1.29-4.86; Multiplicative, HR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.86-2.27). HRs for individuals with BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 and quartile 4 of TyG compared with those with BMI < 24.0 kg/m2 and quartile 1 of TyG were 2.05 (95% CI 1.37-3.06) for incident stroke. Combining BMI and TyG enhanced predictive performance for stroke when compared to their individual (AUCBMI+TyG vs AUCBMI vs AUCTyG, 0.602 vs 0.581 vs 0.583). CONCLUSIONS TyG appeared to be associated with stroke risk and mediates more than 50% of the total association between BMI and stroke in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Public health efforts aiming at the reduction of body weight might decrease the stroke risk due to insulin resistance and the burden of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rui Huo
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. #22, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Smart Health Elderly Care Services and Management, School of Nursing, Guangxi Health Science College, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Mei You
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumour (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumour, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Li Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. #22, Nanning, 530021, China.
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14
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Di Fusco SA, Mocini E, Gulizia MM, Gabrielli D, Grimaldi M, Oliva F, Colivicchi F. ANMCO (Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists) scientific statement: obesity in adults-an approach for cardiologists. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:1. [PMID: 38168872 PMCID: PMC10761446 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach to its management. In clinical practice, body mass index and waist-related measurements can be used for obesity screening. The estimated prevalence of obesity among adults worldwide is 12%. With the expected further increase in overall obesity prevalence, clinicians will increasingly be managing patients with obesity. Energy balance is regulated by a complex neurohumoral system that involves the central nervous system and circulating mediators, among which leptin is the most studied. The functioning of these systems is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Obesity generally occurs when a genetically predisposed individual lives in an obesogenic environment for a long period. Cardiologists are deeply involved in evaluating patients with obesity. Cardiovascular risk profile is one of the most important items to be quantified to understand the health risk due to obesity and the clinical benefit that a single patient can obtain with weight loss. At the individual level, appropriate patient involvement, the detection of potential obesity causes, and a multidisciplinary approach are tools that can improve clinical outcomes. In the near future, we will probably have new pharmacological tools at our disposal that will facilitate achieving and maintaining weight loss. However, pharmacological treatment alone cannot cure such a complex disease. The aim of this paper is to summarize some key points of this field, such as obesity definition and measurement tools, its epidemiology, the main mechanisms underlying energy homeostasis, health consequences of obesity with a focus on cardiovascular diseases and the obesity paradox.Level of evidence V: report of expert committees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Angela Di Fusco
- Emergency Department, Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mocini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Domenico Gabrielli
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Heart Care Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Grimaldi
- Department of Cardiology, General Regional Hospital "F. Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, 70021, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Oliva
- De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- Emergency Department, Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
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15
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Namasivayam S, Tilves C, Ding H, Wu S, Domingue JC, Ruiz-Bedoya C, Shah A, Bohrnsen E, Schwarz B, Bacorn M, Chen Q, Levy S, Dominguez Bello MG, Jain SK, Sears CL, Mueller NT, Hourigan SK. Fecal transplant from vaginally seeded infants decreases intraabdominal adiposity in mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2353394. [PMID: 38743047 PMCID: PMC11095576 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2353394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposing C-section infants to the maternal vaginal microbiome, coined "vaginal seeding", partially restores microbial colonization. However, whether vaginal seeding decreases metabolic disease risk is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effect of vaginal seeding of human infants on adiposity in a murine model. Germ-free mice were colonized with transitional stool from human infants who received vaginal seeding or control (placebo) seeding in a double-blind randomized trial. There was a reduction in intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) volume in male mice that received stool from vaginally seeded infants compared to control infants. Higher levels of isoleucine and lower levels of nucleic acid metabolites were observed in controls and correlated with increased IAAT. This suggests that early changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome caused by vaginal seeding have a positive impact on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Curtis Tilves
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hua Ding
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaoguang Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jada C Domingue
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Camilo Ruiz-Bedoya
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ankit Shah
- Inova Health System, Inova Women’s Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Eric Bohrnsen
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Mickayla Bacorn
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shira Levy
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez Bello
- Departments of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Humans and the microbiome program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suchitra K Hourigan
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Johnson RM, Ardanuy J, Hammond H, Logue J, Jackson L, Baracco L, McGrath M, Dillen C, Patel N, Smith G, Frieman M. Diet-induced obesity and diabetes enhance mortality and reduce vaccine efficacy for SARS-CoV-2. J Virol 2023; 97:e0133623. [PMID: 37846985 PMCID: PMC10688338 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01336-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a wide spectrum of diseases in the human population, from asymptomatic infections to death. It is important to study the host differences that may alter the pathogenesis of this virus. One clinical finding in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is that people with obesity or diabetes are at increased risk of severe illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used a high-fat diet model in mice to study the effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes on SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as how these comorbidities alter the response to vaccination. We find that diabetic/obese mice have increased disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection and they have slower clearance of the virus. We find that the lungs of these mice have increased neutrophils and that removing these neutrophils protects diabetic/obese mice from disease. This demonstrates why these diseases have increased risk of severe disease and suggests specific interventions upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Johnson
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Ardanuy
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Holly Hammond
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Logue
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lian Jackson
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Baracco
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marisa McGrath
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carly Dillen
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew Frieman
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Metz CN, Xue X, Chatterjee PK, Adelson RP, Roth J, Brines M, Tracey KJ, Gregersen PK, Pavlov VA. Increased plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and altered inflammatory mediators in overweight women suggest a state of subclinical endotoxemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.18.540879. [PMID: 37293028 PMCID: PMC10245681 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.540879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation has been recognized as an underlying event linking obesity to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, inflammatory alterations in individuals who are overweight remain understudied. To provide insight, we determined the levels of key circulating biomarkers of endotoxemia and inflammation, including lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), CRP, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin in adult female subjects (n=40) who were lean or overweight and had high cholesterol and/or high blood pressure - two important conventional risk factors for CVD. Plasma levels of LBP were significantly higher in the overweight group compared with the lean group (P=0.005). The levels of CRP were also significantly higher in overweight subjects (P=0.01), as were IL-6 (P=0.02) and leptin (P=0.002), pro-inflammatory mediators associated with cardiovascular risk. Levels of adiponectin, an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic functions, were significantly lower in the overweight group (P=0.002). The leptin/adiponectin ratio, a preferential atherogenic marker was significantly increased in women who are overweight (P=0.02). LBP, CRP, leptin, and adiponectin levels significantly correlated with BMI, but not with age and there was a significant correlation between LBP and IL-6 levels. These results reveal the presence of subclinical endotoxemia and a pro-inflammatory state in overweight women and are of interest for further studies with the goal for improved understanding of cardiovascular health risks in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N. Metz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell-Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
| | - Xiangying Xue
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Prodyot K Chatterjee
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Robert P. Adelson
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Jesse Roth
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell-Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
| | - Michael Brines
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell-Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
| | - Peter K. Gregersen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell-Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
| | - Valentin A. Pavlov
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell-Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
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18
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Gao J, Ji H. Association of body mass index with perioperative blood transfusion and short-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:358. [PMID: 37923996 PMCID: PMC10623869 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have considered outcomes among low body mass index (BMI) cohorts undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aims to investigate the effects of low body weight on blood transfusion and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing isolated CABG. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled consecutive cases from a single-center between January 2008 and December 2018. Low body weight/underweight was defined as a BMI < 18.5 kg/m², while normal BMI was defined as 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m². The primary endpoint was the perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rate. Secondary endpoints include platelet and plasma transfusion rates, transfusion volume for all blood components, hospital length of stay, and the occurrence of adverse events including prolonged mechanical ventilation, re-intubation, re-operation, acute kidney injury, and 30-day all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 7,620 patients were included in this study. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 130 pairs were formed, with 61 pairs in the on-pump group and 69 pairs in the off-pump group. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the matched groups. Low body weight independently increased the risk of RBC transfusion (on-pump: OR = 3.837, 95% CI = 1.213-12.144, p = 0.022; off-pump: OR = 3.630, 95% CI = 1.875-5.313, p < 0.001). Moreover, within the on-pump group of the original cohort, BMI of < 18.5 kg/m² was independently correlated with increased risk of re-intubation (OR = 5.365, 95% CI = 1.159 to 24.833, p = 0.032), re-operation (OR = 4.650, 95% CI = 1.019 to 21.210, p = 0.047), and 30-day all-cause mortality (OR = 10.325, 95% CI = 2.011 to 53.020, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION BMI < 18.5 kg/m² was identified as an independent risk factor for increased perioperative RBC transfusion rate in patient underwent isolated CABG with or without CPB. Only on-pump underweight patients in the original cohort exhibited an increased risk for re-intubation, re-operation, and 30-day all-cause mortality. Physicians and healthcare systems should consider these findings to improve management for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwen Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Alghamdi IK, Alrefai AM, Alghamdi TA, Nawawi AT, Badawy YA. Prevalence of Contributing Factors Leading to the Development of Insulin Resistance Among Male Medical Students at a Private College in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e48269. [PMID: 38054122 PMCID: PMC10695479 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance can result from various genetic and lifestyle factors. Initially, symptoms of insulin resistance may not be readily noticeable, but as the condition progresses, individuals may start experiencing symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to the development of insulin resistance among medical students at a private college in Saudi Arabia. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional study using a convenient non-probability sampling technique, with a sample size of 241 participants. We employed validated questionnaires to gather information on physical activity, sleep, dietary habits, and stress. Specifically, we used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short Form for assessing physical activity, the Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) for evaluating sleep quality, the Healthy Eating Quiz (HEQ) to gauge dietary patterns, and the stress questionnaire designed by the International Stress Management Association (ISMA) to measure stress levels. Additionally, we collected anthropometric measurements, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. We calculated prevalence using percentages and employed the chi-square test to analyze variables, with a significance level set at p-values <0.05. Results This study investigated risk factors associated with lifestyle, focusing on waist circumference as an indicator of insulin resistance. Our findings revealed that a majority of individuals with high waist circumference were physically inactive and more susceptible to stress, and this difference was statistically significant when compared to those with normal waist circumference. Additionally, we observed that sleep deprivation and poor nutrition were more prevalent among individuals with high waist circumference, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions This study highlights a high prevalence of elevated waist circumference, indicating insulin resistance, among medical students. Furthermore, it underscores the significant presence of well-known risk factors associated with insulin resistance within this population of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theyab A Alghamdi
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Amro T Nawawi
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Yousria A Badawy
- Family Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
- Family Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGY
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20
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Blow TA, Murthy A, Grover R, Schwitzer E, Nanus DM, Halpenny D, Plodkowski AJ, Jones LW, Goncalves MD. Profiling of Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue Depots in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer Receiving Different Forms of Androgen Deprivation Therapy. EUR UROL SUPPL 2023; 57:1-7. [PMID: 38020528 PMCID: PMC10658404 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment modality for men with prostate cancer. Increases in adipose tissue mass and decreases in skeletal muscle mass are known on-target adverse effects of standard ADT. The effects of newer agents such as abiraterone acetate (ABI) and enzalutamide (ENZA) on body composition and how these compare with standard luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (aLHRHs) are unclear. Objective To assess the effects of different forms of androgen deprivation therapy on body composition in men with prostate cancer. Design setting and participants Using a retrospective design, 229 patients receiving aLHRHs alone (n = 120) or in combination with ABI (n = 53) or ENZA (n = 56) were studied. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Muscle, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were assessed at baseline, 6 mo, and 18 mo after initiating therapy using a cross-sectional densitometry analysis performed on standard of care computed tomography images. Response trajectories for all treatment groups were calculated via a two-way analysis of variance post hoc test, for both within-group and between-group differences. Results and limitations Treatment with aLHRHs, ABI, and ENZA was associated with a median muscle volume loss of -1.4%, -4.8%, and -5.5% at 6 mo, and -7.1%, -8.1%, and -8.3% at 18 mo, respectively. Therapy with aLHRHs was associated with minimal changes in VAT (0.3% at 6 mo and -0.1% at 18 mo). ABI therapy was associated with significant increases in VAT at 6 mo (4.9%) but not at 18 mo (0.5%), and ENZA therapy was associated with significant decreases in VAT (-4.6% at 6 mo and -5.4% at 18 mo). With respect to SAT, treatment with aLHRHs was associated with increases over time (8.6% at 6 mo and 4.7% at 18 mo), ABI was associated with decreases over time (-3.6% at 6 mo and -6.8% at 18 mo), and ENZA had no clear effects (1.7% at 6 mo and 3.3% at 18 mo). Conclusions ADT regimens cause significant short-term losses in muscle mass, with the most rapid effects occurring with ABI and ENZA. The three regimens have disparate effects on SAT and VAT, suggesting distinct roles of androgens in these tissues. Patient summary Androgen deprivation therapy alters body composition in men with prostate cancer. Abiraterone and enzalutamide are associated with losses in muscle mass compared with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. These treatments impact subcutaneous and visceral fat mass, suggesting distinct roles of androgens in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lee W. Jones
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Alba AC, Kirklin JK, Cantor RS, Deng L, Ross HJ, Jacobs JP, Rao V, Hanff TC, Stehlik J. The impact of obesity and LVAD-bridging on heart transplant candidate outcomes: a linked STS INTERMACS - OPTN/UNOS data analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:1587-1596. [PMID: 37385418 PMCID: PMC10640766 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data integrating waitlist and postheart transplant (HT) mortality have evaluated outcomes of left ventricular assist device (LVAD)-bridged strategy vs no LVAD according to patient characteristics. We evaluated waitlist and post-HT mortality in LVAD-bridged vs nonbridged patients based on body mass index (BMI). METHODS We included linked adults listed for HT in Organ Procurement and Transplant Network/United Network for Organ Sharing and patients receiving durable LVAD as bridge to HT or candidacy in Society of Thoracic Surgeons/Interagency Mechanical Circulatory Support databases (2010-2019). Using BMI at listing or LVAD implant, we categorized patients as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.99 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.99 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models informed the effect of LVAD-bridged and nonbridged strategy by BMI on waitlist, post-HT, and overall mortality (including waitlist and post-HT mortality). RESULTS Among 11,216 LVAD-bridged and 17,122 nonbridged candidates, bridged candidates were more frequently obese (37.3% vs 28.6%) (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis indicated increased waitlist mortality in LVAD-bridged vs nonbridged with overweight (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.36) or obesity (HR 1.35, 95%CI 1.17-1.56) in comparison to normal weight candidates (HR 1.02, 95%CI 0.88-1.19) (p-interaction < 0.001). Post-transplant mortality was not statistically different in LVAD-bridged vs nonbridged patients across BMI categories (p-interaction = 0.26). There was a nonsignificant graded increase in overall mortality in LVAD-bridged with overweight (HR 1.53, 95%CI 1.39-1.68) or obesity (HR 1.61, 95%CI 1.46-1.78) compared to nonbridged patients (p-interaction = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS LVAD-bridged candidates with obesity had higher waitlist mortality compared to nonbridged candidates with obesity. Post-transplant mortality was similar in LVAD-bridged and nonbridged patients, but obesity remained associated with increased mortality in both groups. This study may aid clinicians and advanced heart failure patients with obesity in decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Alba
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Ryan S Cantor
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Washington
| | - Luqin Deng
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Washington
| | - Heather J Ross
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Vivek Rao
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas C Hanff
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Josef Stehlik
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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22
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Cominacini M, Fumaneri A, Ballerini L, Braggio M, Valenti MT, Dalle Carbonare L. Unraveling the Connection: Visceral Adipose Tissue and Vitamin D Levels in Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4259. [PMID: 37836543 PMCID: PMC10574699 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are widespread on a global scale, with multiple factors playing a role in their development, such as limited exposure to sunlight, inadequate dietary consumption, as well as obesity and abdominal fat accumulation. Abdominal obesity, assessed with waist circumference (WC), is associated with metabolic syndrome and has been linked to low vitamin D levels. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and vitamin D levels, particularly examining the potential threshold for vitamin D storage and sequestration using adipose tissue. The study was conducted between 2020 and 2022 with 58 patients from an internal medicine outpatient department. Patients with certain medical conditions and those taking medications affecting bone metabolism were excluded. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 months of monthly cholecalciferol supplementation. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate adipose tissue measurements, including subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness, VAT, preperitoneal adipose tissue (PPAT), and prerenal adipose tissue (PRAT). Anthropometric measures such as the waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio were also assessed. The results showed that all subjects had significant hypovitaminosis D at baseline. After 6 months of supplementation, the mean increase in vitamin D levels was 9.6 ng/mL, with 55.2% of subjects becoming deficient. The study revealed a significant correlation between follow-up vitamin D levels and waist circumference, hip circumference, and VAT. VAT exhibited a strong correlation not only with vitamin D levels but also with waist circumference. When analyzing gender differences, males showed a higher weight and waist-to-hip ratio, while females had higher body adiposity indexes and subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements. In conclusion, this study highlights the relationship between VAT and vitamin D levels, emphasizing the potential role of adipose tissue in vitamin D availability. Waist circumference was identified as a surrogate measure for VAT evaluation. Furthermore, the study showed variations in vitamin D response to supplementation between genders, with a higher percentage of males reaching normal vitamin D levels. Predictive factors for vitamin D levels differed between genders, with waist circumference being a significant predictor in males and body adiposity index in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Cominacini
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Alessia Fumaneri
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Linda Ballerini
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Michele Braggio
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (L.D.C.)
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23
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She D, Xu W, Liu J, Zhang Z, Fang P, Li R, Kong D, Xuan M, Liu Q, Pan MY, Wang Y, Xue Y. Serum Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratio and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Overweight/Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3007-3017. [PMID: 37790260 PMCID: PMC10544178 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s427070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a rising global concern with an increasing prevalence. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum uric acid to creatinine ratio (SUA/Cr) and MetS in adults with overweight/obesity in China. Patients and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising 4699 participants with overweight/obesity who underwent physical examinations. Their serum levels of various components, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), creatinine (Cr), and uric acid (UA) were measured. Renal function-normalized SUA was calculated using SUA/Cr. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the association between SUA/Cr and MetS in adults with overweight/obesity. Results SUA/Cr levels were lower in non-MetS participants (OR: 2.159, 95% CI: 1.82 to 2.56; p < 0.001), and tended to rise with the increasing number of MetS components. Additionally, elevated SUA/Cr levels were associated with a higher risk of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Conclusion SUA/Cr levels were significantly associated with MetS and its components in Chinese adults with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunmin She
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zikai Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehong Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mo Yuan Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Moradi Tuchayi S, Khachatryan Y, Wang Y, Rox Anderson R, Wang JS, Wein MN, Garibyan L. Selective reduction of visceral adipose tissue with injectable ice slurry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16350. [PMID: 37770553 PMCID: PMC10539385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass reduces body weight and metabolic disease risk in obese patients. However surgical removal of VAT is highly invasive and thus not clinically feasible. We developed an injectable ice slurry for selective reduction of adipose tissue through cryolipolysis. The aim of this study was to investigate safety, feasibility and mechanism of ice slurry-induced cryolipolysis of VAT. Perigonadal VAT in diet-induced obese mice and rats was subjected to slurry or sham treatment. Body weight and blood chemistry were monitored for 56 days post-treatment. Histological analysis and molecular studies were performed to elucidate mechanisms of fat reduction. Treatment of VAT was well tolerated in all animals. Slurry induced adipocyte cell death via selective cryolipolysis; significant weight loss was noted at day 21 post-treatment. RNA sequencing from treated VAT samples showed increased expression of genes involved in inflammation, immune response, collagen biosynthesis and wound healing, and decreased expression of adipokines. This study demonstrates that slurry treatment is safe and effective in inducing cryolipolysis of VAT and subsequent weight loss in mice. Ice slurry is promising as a minimally-invasive treatment to reduce visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moradi Tuchayi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street-Thier 2, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yeva Khachatryan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street-Thier 2, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street-Thier 2, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - R Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street-Thier 2, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lilit Garibyan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street-Thier 2, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Metz CN, Xue X, Chatterjee PK, Adelson RP, Brines M, Tracey KJ, Gregersen PK, Pavlov VA. Increased plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and altered inflammatory mediators in overweight women suggest a state of subclinical endotoxemia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3356683. [PMID: 37841878 PMCID: PMC10571637 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3356683/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation has been recognized as an underlying event linking obesity to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, inflammatory alterations in individuals who are overweight remain understudied. To provide insight, we determined the levels of key circulating biomarkers of endotoxemia and inflammation, including lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), CRP, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin in adult female subjects (n = 20) who were lean or overweight and had high cholesterol and/or high blood pressure - two important conventional risk factors for CVD. Plasma levels of LBP (a recognized marker of metabolic endotoxemia in obesity) were significantly higher in the overweight group compared with the lean group (P = 0.005). The levels of CRP, a general marker of inflammation, were also significantly higher in overweight subjects (P = 0.01), as were IL-6 (P = 0.02) and leptin (P = 0.002), pro-inflammatory mediators associated with cardiovascular risk. Levels of adiponectin, an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic functions, were significantly lower in the overweight group (P = 0.002). The leptin/adiponectin ratio, a preferential atherogenic marker was significantly increased in women who are overweight (P = 0.02). LBP, CRP, leptin, and adiponectin levels significantly correlated with BMI, but not with age. These results reveal the presence of subclinical endotoxemia and a pro-inflammatory state in overweight women and are of interest for further studies with the goal for improved understanding of women's cardiovascular health.
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Prechtl P, Schmitz T, Pochert N, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Linseisen J, Meisinger C, Freuer D. Association between body fat distribution and B-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:47. [PMID: 37705078 PMCID: PMC10498588 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is underpinned by the presence of elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines in obese individuals. Due to the close relationship between adipose tissue and the immune system, it can be speculated that the accumulation of fat may influence the frequency and phenotype of lymphocyte populations. The aim of our study was to investigate whether body fat distribution is associated with B lymphocyte composition in peripheral blood. We examined the association between visceral (VAT) and total body fat (TBF) and the frequencies of B-cell subsets in 238 subjects over a period of up to one year using random intercept models. B lymphocyte subsets were determined by fluorescence-based flow cytometry. RESULTS Inverse associations were found between body fat measurements and plasma blasts, memory B cells, and IgM-IgD- cells. VAT, but not TBF, was positively associated with naive CD19 cells. In our analyses, both VAT and TBF showed positive associations with IgD only B cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, body fat accumulation seems to be associated with a lower proportion of antibody-secreting plasma blasts and memory cells and an increasing amount of partially anergic, naive CD19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Prechtl
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Schmitz
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Pochert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Freuer
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
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Wilson CE, Carpenter JS, Crouse JJ, Park S, Koethe D, Scott EM, Hickie IB. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cardiometabolic measures and clinical stage in young people accessing early intervention mental health services. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:893-900. [PMID: 36682384 PMCID: PMC10946614 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM This retrospective cohort study aimed to identify the cardiometabolic characteristics, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, associated with clinical stage in youth accessing early intervention mental health services. METHODS Cardiometabolic data we collected in 511 young people (aged 12-25 years at entry) receiving mental health care at the early intervention services in Sydney, Australia. RESULTS The majority of young people (N = 448, 87.67%) were classified in stage 1a or 1b at entry. At entry to care, there was no cross-sectional relationship between clinical stage and age, gender, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, updated homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) score, BMI or waist circumference. Of the 111 (21.7%) young people initially classified at stage 1a ('non-specific symptoms') and the 337 (65.9%) classified in stage 1b ('attenuated syndromes'), 40 individuals transitioned to stage 2+ (7.8%) ("full-threshold disorders") longitudinally. No cardiometabolic factors predicted clinical stage transitions. However, those with an increase in BMI over the course of care (n = 54) were 1.46 (OR; 95% CI: 1.02-2.17) times more likely to progress to stage 2+ at follow up. CONCLUSIONS Whilst no relationships were found between demographic or cardiometabolic variables and clinical stage at entry to care, an increased BMI over time was associated with clinical stage transition longitudinally. Further longitudinal research is needed to understand the demographic, clinical, illness progression or treatment factors associated with changes in cardiometabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E. Wilson
- Brain and Mind Centre, Youth Mental Health and Technology TeamThe University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Joanne S. Carpenter
- Brain and Mind Centre, Youth Mental Health and Technology TeamThe University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Jacob J. Crouse
- Brain and Mind Centre, Youth Mental Health and Technology TeamThe University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Shin Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, Youth Mental Health and Technology TeamThe University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Dagmar Koethe
- Brain and Mind Centre, Youth Mental Health and Technology TeamThe University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Elizabeth M. Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, Youth Mental Health and Technology TeamThe University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, Youth Mental Health and Technology TeamThe University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
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Eide AJ, Halle MK, Lura N, Fasmer KE, Wagner-Larsen K, Forsse D, Bertelsen BI, Salvesen Ø, Krakstad C, Haldorsen IS. Visceral fat percentage for prediction of outcome in uterine cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 176:62-68. [PMID: 37453220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.06.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognostic role of adiposity in uterine cervical cancer (CC) is largely unknown. Abdominal fat distribution may better reflect obesity than body mass index. This study aims to describe computed tomography (CT)-assessed abdominal fat distribution in relation to clinicopathologic characteristics, survival, and tumor gene expression in CC. METHODS The study included 316 CC patients diagnosed during 2004-2017 who had pre-treatment abdominal CT. CT-based 3D segmentation of total-, subcutaneous- and visceral abdominal fat volumes (TAV, SAV and VAV) allowed for calculation of visceral fat percentage (VAV% = VAV/TAV). Liver density (LD) and waist circumference (at L3/L4-level) were also measured. Associations between CT-derived adiposity markers, clinicopathologic characteristics and disease-specific survival (DSS) were explored. Gene set enrichment of primary tumors were examined in relation to fat distribution in a subset of 108 CC patients. RESULTS High TAV, VAV and VAV% and low LD were associated with higher age (≥44 yrs.; p ≤ 0.017) and high International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) (2018) stage (p ≤ 0.01). High VAV% was the only CT-marker predicting high-grade histology (p = 0.028), large tumor size (p = 0.016) and poor DSS (HR 1.07, p < 0.001). Patients with high VAV% had CC tumors that exhibited increased inflammatory signaling (false discovery rate [FDR] < 5%). CONCLUSIONS High VAV% is associated with high-risk clinical features and predicts reduced DSS in CC patients. Furthermore, patients with high VAV% had upregulated inflammatory tumor signaling, suggesting that the metabolic environment induced by visceral adiposity contributes to tumor progression in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes J Eide
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre MMIV, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari K Halle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Njål Lura
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre MMIV, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristine E Fasmer
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre MMIV, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Wagner-Larsen
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre MMIV, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David Forsse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn I Bertelsen
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Salvesen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingfrid S Haldorsen
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre MMIV, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Osman AA, Hoff M, Videm V. High physical activity in persons with psoriatic arthritis is associated with reduced visceral fat mass and percentage body fat: the Trøndelag Health study. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1685-1693. [PMID: 37272983 PMCID: PMC10348995 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The associations of physical activity (PA) with body composition among persons with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are not well described. The objective was to investigate associations of PA with visceral fat mass and percentage body fat in persons with PsA of different age groups. Persons with PsA (CASPAR criteria, n = 356), and controls (n = 47,470) from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017-2019) were included. Visceral fat mass and percentage body fat measured using bioelectrical impedance were primary outcomes in multivariable linear regression analysis. PsA, PA (questionnaire data), and age were explanatory variables, with adjustment for sex, smoking, heart disease, lung disease, and height. An interaction term between PsA and age was included in both models. Persons with PsA had altered body composition, including higher visceral fat mass and percentage body fat, especially those < 40 years of age (p ≤ 0.01). Moderate or high PA was associated with significantly lower values of the primary outcomes. Differences were Moderate compared to low PA: 1.4 kg (95% CI 1.3, 1.5 kg) lower visceral fat mass, and 2.0% (95% CI 1.8, 2.1) lower percentage body fat. Differences were High compared to low PA: 3.2 kg (95% CI 3.1, 3.3) lower visceral fat mass and 5.0% (95% CI 4.8, 5.1%) lower percentage body fat. Persons with PsA had higher visceral fat mass and percentage body fat, especially if < 40 years, and PA was associated with lower values of both endpoints. Changes of body composition in persons with PsA may influence important health outcomes and should be addressed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdirizak Ali Osman
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari Hoff
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vibeke Videm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Lab Center 3 East, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.
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Barale C, Melchionda E, Tempesta G, Morotti A, Russo I. Impact of Physical Exercise on Platelets: Focus on Its Effects in Metabolic Chronic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1609. [PMID: 37627603 PMCID: PMC10451697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic disorders are strongly linked to cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and it is unanimously accepted that regular exercise training is a key tool to improving CV risk factors, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Increased oxidative stress due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and their scavenging by endogenous antioxidant capacity is the common ground among these metabolic disorders, and each of them affects platelet function. However, the correction of hyperglycemia in diabetes and lipid profile in dyslipidemia as well as the lowering of body weight in obesity all correlate with amelioration of platelet function. Habitual physical exercise triggers important mechanisms related to the exercise benefits for health improvement and protects against CV events. Platelets play an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including the development of arterial thrombosis, and physical (in)activity has been shown to interfere with platelet function. Although data reported by studies carried out on this topic show discrepancies, the current knowledge on platelet function affected by exercise mainly depends on the type of applied exercise intensity and whether acute or habitual, strenuous or moderate, thus suggesting that physical activity and exercise intensity may interfere with platelet function differently. Thus, this review is designed to cover the aspects of the relationship between physical exercise and vascular benefits, with an emphasis on the modulation of platelet function, especially in some metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of Turin University, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano, I-10043 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (E.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.)
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Kaya A, Gamsizkan Z, Kaya N, Davran F. The predictive role of laboratory parameters in cardiovascular risk assessment in obese. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34634. [PMID: 37543777 PMCID: PMC10402939 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of cardiovascular diseases in mortality is indisputable. It is well-established that cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent among individuals with obesity. This study aimed to determine the predictive value of easily accessible hematological and biochemical parameters in assessing cardiovascular risk among obese patients. The study was designed as an observational retrospective. Department of Family Medicine, study was carried out between 25/06/2022 to 30/10/2022. The data of 439 obese patients were analyzed retrospectively. Using the online Heart Score system, the patients were classified into low, medium, high, and very high cardiovascular risk categories. The hemogram and certain biochemistry values of the patients at the time of admission were examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to discriminate cardiovascular risk classes based on laboratory values. Markers with high diagnostic value, including a high area under the curve (AUC) value, sensitivity, and specificity, were presented. Significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, HbA1c, hemoglobin, platelet count, neutrophil (NEU) count, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio parameters (P < .05). The white blood cell count and NEU count of patients in the high-risk groups were found to have significantly higher AUC values compared to the moderate-risk group (AUC values of .737 and .779, respectively). The white blood cell and NEU parameters were found to have a positive predictive value in estimating the degree of cardiovascular risk. These parameters can potentially serve as biomarkers in identifying individuals at high risks for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Kaya
- Department of Family Medicine, Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Gamsizkan
- Department of Family Medicine, Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Nursel Kaya
- Department of Family Medicine, Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Fatih Davran
- Department of Biochemistry, Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey
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Collins KA, Ambrosio F, Rogers RJ, Lang W, Schelbert EB, Davis KK, Jakicic JM. Change in circulating klotho in response to weight loss, with and without exercise, in adults with overweight or obesity. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1213228. [PMID: 37457921 PMCID: PMC10347392 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1213228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Klotho is a protein associated with protection from aging-related diseases and health conditions. Obesity is associated with lower Klotho concentrations. Thus, this secondary analysis of adults with obesity examined 1) the change in serum Klotho concentration in response to a behavioral weight loss intervention by the magnitude of weight loss achieved; and 2) the association among serum Klotho concentration and weight, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: Participants were randomized to either diet alone (DIET), diet plus 150 min of physical activity per week (DIET + PA150), or diet plus 250 min of physical activity per week (DIET + PA250). Participants [n = 152; age: 45.0 ± 7.9 years; body mass index (BMI): 32.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2] included in this secondary analysis provided blood samples at baseline, 6-, and 12 months, and were classified by weight loss response (Responder: achieved ≥10% weight loss at 6 or 12 months; Non-responder: achieved <5% weight loss at both 6 and 12 months). Serum Klotho was measured using a solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA's) were used to examine changes in weight, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and Klotho concentration by weight loss response across the 12-month weight loss intervention. Results: Responders had a greater reduction in measures of weight and body composition, and a greater increase in cardiorespiratory fitness, compared to Non-Responders (p < 0.05). Change in Klotho concentration differed between Responders and Non-Responders (p < 0.05), with the increase in Klotho concentration from baseline to 6 months for Responders being statistically significant. The 6-month change in Klotho concentration was inversely associated with the 6-month change in weight (r s = -0.195), BMI (r s = -0.196), fat mass (r s = -0.184), and waist circumference (r s = -0.218) (p-values <0.05). Discussion: Findings provide evidence within the context of a behavioral intervention, with and without exercise, that change in Klotho concentration is significantly different between adults with weight loss ≥10% compared to <5% across 12 months. These findings suggest that weight loss and reduction in fat mass may be favorably associated with the change in Klotho concentration. This may reduce the risk of negative health consequences associated with accelerated aging in middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Collins
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Renee J. Rogers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Wei Lang
- Department of Aging Medicine and Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric B. Schelbert
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Minneapolis Heart Institute East, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Kelliann K. Davis
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Lee KW, Kang MS, Lee SJ, Kim HR, Jang KA, Shin D. Prospective Associations between Dietary Patterns and Abdominal Obesity in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112148. [PMID: 37297392 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify major dietary patterns associated with abdominal obesity in middle-aged and older Korean adults. Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were used. A total of 48,037 Korean adults aged ≥40 years without abdominal obesity at baseline were followed-up. Dietary assessment was conducted using a validated 106-item food-frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women, according to the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the future risk of abdominal obesity for each dietary pattern after adjusting for potential covariates. After an average follow-up of 4.89 years, we reported 5878 cases (1932 men and 3946 women) of abdominal obesity. Based on factor analysis, three major dietary patterns were identified in both men and women: the "healthy", "coffee and sweets", and "multi-grain" patterns. In the fully adjusted model, the "healthy" pattern was inversely associated with the incidence of abdominal obesity (HR for fourth vs. first quartile: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75-0.98; p for trend = 0.0358 for men; HR for fourth vs. first quartile: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83-0.99; p for trend = 0.0188 for women), whereas the "coffee and sweets" pattern was positively associated with it (HR for fourth vs. first quartile: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08-1.40; p for trend = 0.0495 for men; HR for fourth vs. first quartile: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04-1.25; p for trend = 0.0096 for women). In contrast, the "multi-grain" pattern in men and women showed no significant association with the incidence of abdominal obesity. Diets rich in colorful vegetables, seaweeds, mushrooms, tubers, fruits, soy products, and fish and low in coffee, sweets, and oils/fats might be favorable for reducing the future risk of abdominal obesity, particularly in middle-aged and older Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Home Economics Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sook Kang
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Ran Kim
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-A Jang
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Ahmed KY, Allan J, Dalton H, Sleigh A, Seubsman SA, Ross AG. Reviewing Publicly Available Reports on Child Health Disparities in Indigenous and Remote Communities of Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5959. [PMID: 37297562 PMCID: PMC10253029 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing programs that ensure a safe start to life for Indigenous children can lead to better health outcomes. To create effective strategies, governments must have accurate and up-to-date information. Accordingly, we reviewed the health disparities of Australian children in Indigenous and remote communities using publicly available reports. A thorough search was performed on Australian government and other organisational websites (including the Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS] and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW]), electronic databases [MEDLINE] and grey literature sites for articles, documents and project reports related to Indigenous child health outcomes. The study showed Indigenous dwellings had higher rates of crowding when compared to non-Indigenous dwellings. Smoking during pregnancy, teenage motherhood, low birth weight and infant and child mortality were higher among Indigenous and remote communities. Childhood obesity (including central obesity) and inadequate fruit consumption rates were also higher in Indigenous children, but Indigenous children from remote and very remote areas had a lower rate of obesity. Indigenous children performed better in physical activity compared to non-Indigenous children. No difference was observed in vegetable consumption rates, substance-use disorders or mental health conditions between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. Future interventions for Indigenous children should focus on modifiable risk factors, including unhealthy housing, perinatal adverse health outcomes, childhood obesity, poor dietary intake, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedir Y. Ahmed
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Julaine Allan
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Hazel Dalton
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Adrian Sleigh
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sam-ang Seubsman
- School of Human Ecology, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
| | - Allen G. Ross
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
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Can M, Kocabas M, Yarar Z, Burgucu HÇ, Karaköse M, Yerlikaya FH, Türkmen K, Kulaksızoğlu M, Karakurt F. Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis in obese patients with three noninvasive methods: Arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness, and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:e000622. [PMID: 37252704 PMCID: PMC10665069 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with obesity who had cardiovascular disease risk indicators such as arterial stiffness, which is evaluated using pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction such as endocan, ADAMTS97, and ADAMTS9. Subjects and methods Sixty obese subjects, including 23 subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40, 37 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 but < 40, and 60 age-and sex-matched control subjects, were included in our study. Serum endocan, ADAMTS97, and ADAMTS9 levels as well as PWV and CIMT measurements of the subjects in the obese and control groups were performed. Results In the obesity group, PWV levels were significantly higher than they were in the control group and endocan levels were significantly lower than they were in the control group. When we compared the obese group with BMI ≥ 40 and the control group, the BMI ≥ 40 group had significantly higher PWV and CIMT levels than the control group had, whereas endocan, ADAMTS7, and ADAMTS9 levels were similar to those of the control group. When we compared the obese group with BMI ≥ 30 < 40 to the control group, endocan levels were lower in the group with BMI ≥30 < 40, and PWV and CIMT levels were similar to the control group. Conclusion We found that arterial stiffness and CIMT increased in obese patients with BMI ≥ 40 and that increased arterial stiffness was associated with age, systolic blood pressure, and HBA1C. In addition, we found that the endocan levels were lower in obese patients than they were in nonobese control individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Can
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Muş State Hospital, Muş, Turkey,
| | - Muhammet Kocabas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Yarar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Çalışkan Burgucu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melia Karaköse
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Kültigin Türkmen
- Department of Nephrology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kulaksızoğlu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Feridun Karakurt
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Johnson R, Ardunay J, Hammond H, Logue J, Jackson L, Baracco L, McGrath M, Dillen C, Patel N, Smith G, Frieman M. Diet Induced Obesity and Diabetes Enhance Mortality and Reduces Vaccine Efficacy for SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2022.10.15.512291. [PMID: 36299426 PMCID: PMC9603822 DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.15.512291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of October 2022, there have been over 625 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including over 6.5 million deaths. Epidemiological studies have indicated that comorbidities of obesity and diabetes mellitus are associated with increased morbidity and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We determined how the comorbidities of obesity and diabetes affect morbidity and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated and adjuvanted spike nanoparticle (NVX-CoV2373) vaccinated mice. We find that obese/diabetic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 have increased morbidity and mortality compared to age matched normal mice. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) then vaccinated with NVX-CoV2373 produce equivalent neutralizing antibody titers to those fed a normal diet (ND). However, the HFD mice have reduced viral clearance early in infection. Analysis of the inflammatory immune response in HFD mice demonstrates a recruitment of neutrophils that was correlated with increased mortality and reduced clearance of the virus. Depletion of neutrophils in diabetic/obese vaccinated mice reduced disease severity and protected mice from lethality. This model recapitulates the increased disease severity associated with obesity and diabetes in humans with COVID-19 and is an important comorbidity to study with increasing obesity and diabetes across the world.
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Baggerman MR, Dekker IM, Winkens B, Olde Damink SWM, Stapel SN, Weijs PJM, van de Poll MCG. Visceral obesity measured using computed tomography scans: No significant association with mortality in critically ill patients. J Crit Care 2023; 77:154316. [PMID: 37116438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between obesity and outcome in critical illness is unclear. Since the amount of visceral adipose tissue(VAT) rather than BMI mediates the health effects of obesity we aimed to investigate the association between visceral obesity, BMI and 90-day mortality in critically ill patients. METHOD In 555 critically ill patients (68% male), the VAT Index(VATI) was measured using Computed Tomography scans on the level of vertebra L3. The association between visceral obesity, BMI and 90-day mortality was investigated using univariable and multivariable analyses, correcting for age, sex, APACHE II score, sarcopenia and muscle quality. RESULTS Visceral obesity was present in 48.1% of the patients and its prevalence was similar in males and females. Mortality was similar amongst patients with and without visceral obesity (27.7% vs 24.0%, p = 0.31). The corrected odds ratio of 90-day mortality for visceral obesity was 0.667 (95%CI 0.424-1.049, p = 0.080). Using normal BMI as reference, the corrected odds ratio for overweight was 0.721 (95%CI 0.447-1.164 p = 0.181) and for obesity 0.462 (95%CI 0.208-1.027, p = 0.058). CONCLUSION No significant association of visceral obesity and BMI with 90-day mortality was observed in critically ill patients, although obesity and visceral obesity tended to be associated with improved 90-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Baggerman
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingeborg M Dekker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Methodology and Statistics, P. Debeyeplein 1, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Maastricht University Medical Center+, Department of Surgery, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, the Netherlands; RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra N Stapel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dr. Meurerlaan 8, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel C G van de Poll
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Maastricht University Medical Center+, Department of Surgery, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Denton JJ, Cedillo YE. Investigating family history of diabetes as a predictor of fasting insulin and fasting glucose activity in a sample of healthy weight adults. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:535-543. [PMID: 36637530 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem for the global community. Having a family history of diabetes significantly increases risk for diabetes development and understanding how family history contributes to diabetes risk could lead to more effective prevention efforts for at-risk individuals. In a previous study, we showed family history of diabetes is a significant predictor of fasting insulin in healthy weight children. The present study aimed to use the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2017) to apply similar multiple regression models to a population of healthy weight adults to determine if family history is a significant predictor of fasting glucose and fasting insulin. METHODS Fasting glucose (mg/dL) and fasting insulin (pmol/L) were used as dependent variables in each model, respectively, with family history of diabetes as the independent variable. Covariates for each model included age, gender, race/ethnicity, waist circumference, and macronutrient intake. RESULTS The model significantly predicted the variance of fasting glucose [(F(11,364) = 34.80, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.2342] and fasting insulin [F(11,343) = 17.58, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.1162]. After adjusting for covariates, family history was a significant predicator of fasting glucose (p = 0.0193) as well as age, gender, non-Hispanic black ethnicity, waist circumference, and fat intake. Significant predictors of fasting insulin included gender and waist circumference, but not family history (p = 0.8264). In addition, fasting glucose was higher in individuals with a family history of diabetes (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS These results add to the understanding of how family history influences the biomarkers that contribute to diabetes development. Knowledge of how family history of diabetes relates to fasting insulin and fasting glucose activity in healthy weight individuals can be used to design personalized screening and early prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Denton
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Health Professions Building, Room 448, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.
| | - Yenni E Cedillo
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb Building, Room 544, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
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Zhao J, Lee K, Toh HC, Lam KP, Neo SY. Unravelling the role of obesity and lipids during tumor progression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1163160. [PMID: 37063269 PMCID: PMC10097918 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1163160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the biochemical pathways in cancer promotes oncogenic transformations and metastatic potential. Recent studies have shed light on how obesity and altered lipid metabolism could be the driving force for tumor progression. Here, in this review, we focus on liver cancer and discuss how obesity and lipid-driven metabolic reprogramming affect tumor, immune, and stroma cells in the tumor microenvironment and, in turn, how alterations in these cells synergize to influence and contribute to tumor growth and dissemination. With increasing evidence on how obesity exacerbates inflammation and immune tolerance, we also touch upon the impact of obesity and altered lipid metabolism on tumor immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhao
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keene Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Yong Neo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Shi Yong Neo,
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Hu Q, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang B, Wang X, Wang T. Neonatal cytokines associated with infant overweight and obesity at 1 year of age. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:102-107. [PMID: 36935337 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of childhood overweight and obesity has been increasing in recent years. Immune dysregulation has been demonstrated as a condition related to childhood obesity. Whether the neonatal immune status is related to infant overweight and obesity at 1 year of age is unclear. METHODS To explore the relationship between neonatal cytokines and infant overweight and obesity, we conducted a prospective study in Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from 2015 to 2016. 514 neonates were recruited and their dried blood spots were collected after birth. Infants were grouped into normal size groups and overweight and obesity groups based on BMI at 1 year of age. 27 neonatal cytokines levels were compared between the two groups. RESULTS 370 infants were included in final analysis. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), interleukin-17A (IL17A) and platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) levels were independently associated with childhood overweight and obesity (OR =1.27, 95%CI 1.03, 1.57; OR =1.29, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.60; OR =0.69, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.96). Additionally, neonatal GCSF and IL17A levels were positively associated with increased BMI (β = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.19; β = 0.07, 95%CI 0.01, 013) and BMI z-scores (β = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.18; β = 0.06, 95%CI 0.01, 0.13). Neonatal PDGF-BB levels were negatively associated with BMI (β = -0.12, 95%CI: -0.23, -0.01) and BMI z-scores (β = -0.12, 95%CI: -0.23, -0.01). The inverse probability weighting (IPW) was performed to account for potential selection bias of this study, and the results were consistent with the above mentioned findings. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal GCSF, IL17A and PDGF-BB levels were correlated with infant overweight and obesity at 1 year of age, suggesting that early life immune status play a significant role of late obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Beilun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315899, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Minjuan Liu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Benjing Wang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China.
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Role of Machine Learning-Based CT Body Composition in Risk Prediction and Prognostication: Current State and Future Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050968. [PMID: 36900112 PMCID: PMC10000509 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CT body composition analysis has been shown to play an important role in predicting health and has the potential to improve patient outcomes if implemented clinically. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have led to high speed and accuracy for extracting body composition metrics from CT scans. These may inform preoperative interventions and guide treatment planning. This review aims to discuss the clinical applications of CT body composition in clinical practice, as it moves towards widespread clinical implementation.
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Wang H, Cao H, Cao J, Zhang L. The Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) Are Predictors of Insulin Resistance and Hyperandrogenaemia in Obesity/Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1508675. [PMID: 36814799 PMCID: PMC9940946 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1508675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective Hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance (IR) are the main characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Here, we study to find appropriate markers predicting IR and hyperandrogenaemia of women with PCOS in northwest China. Methods According to body mass index (BMI), 953 patients with PCOS were divided into two groups. All the patients underwent physical examination and ultrasonography and collected elbow vein blood. Their BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), LAP, VAI, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and free androgen index (FAI) were calculated. Each group (normal weight and obesity/overweight) was further divided into two subgroups according to their HOMA-IR and FAI: the IR+ subgroup/IR- subgroup and FAI+ subgroup/FAI- subgroup. Furthermore, we compared the clinical indices, hormone levels, and metabolic makers separately between these groups. The correlations between these parameters and HOMA-IR or FAI were tested; sensitivity, specificity, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. Results In the obesity/overweight group, the VAI (best cut-off value: 2.27, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.699) and LAP (best cut-off value: 45.54, AUC = 0.680) were sensitive predictors of IR (sensitivity = 72% and sensitivity = 67%). Additionally, the VAI (best cut-off value: 2.13, AUC = 0.624) and LAP (best cut-off value: 51.18, AUC = 0.582) were sensitive predictors of FAI (sensitivity = 87% and sensitivity = 64%). In the normal weight group, BMI could preferably predict HOMA-IR (AUC = 0.717, best cut-off value: 21.62) and HOMA-IR could preferably predict FAI (best cut-off value: 2.11, AUC = 0.648). Conclusion Our data indicated that the VAI and LAP may contribute to the early identification of IR and hyperandrogenaemia in the obesity/overweight patients of PCOS. In normal weight PCOS, BMI was a better predictor to IR, and HOWA-IR was a better predictor to FAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haozhe Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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B G, Sujata S, Thakur R. Cardiovascular diseases and ageing in India: A propensity score matching analysis of the effects of various risk factors. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101606. [PMID: 36682392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a significant burden, especially on older adults. This analysis aims to estimate the exclusive effects of various risk factors of CVDs among 59,073 older adults aged 45 years and above in India. Using data from wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), the exposure effects of various risk factors on CVDs are estimated through propensity score matching. This analysis is further extended to different components of CVDs, such as hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. Results indicate that risk factors groups such as environmental, behavioral, physiological, and genetic risk factors have a positive and significant impact on CVDs. In the case of independent risk factor effects, diabetes has the highest effect on CVDs, followed by overweight, cholesterol, family history, alcohol consumption, and depression. We conclude that physiological risk factors among older adults are more severe than other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri B
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sujata Sujata
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ramna Thakur
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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MacDonald TS, Davis KE, Tucker WJ, Miketinas DC. Serum Cholesterol Differences Between Statin Users Who Take Dietary Supplements and Those Who Do Not: NHANES 2013-2018. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100007. [PMID: 37181126 PMCID: PMC10100929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the United States and statins are the most commonly prescribed medication. It is important to understand the potential impact supplements may have when taken in combination with statins on serum lipid outcomes. Objectives To evaluate the differences in the concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), and HbA1c between adults who use statins alone and those who combine statins and dietary supplements. Methods A cross-sectional analysis using data from US adults aged ≥20 years who participated in the NHANES (2013-2018). The serum concentrations of lipids and the HbA1c levels were compared using independent sample t-tests. All analyses were adjusted for the complex survey design and used appropriate sample weights. Results Of 16,327 participants included in this analysis, 13% reported the use of statins alone, and 8.8% used statins and dietary supplements. Statin users who used dietary supplements tended to be women (50.5%), aged 65.8 ± 0.4 years, and were more likely to be White (77.4%). Participants who used statins in combination with dietary supplements were less likely to have higher levels of total cholesterol (5.1% ± 1.4% vs. 15.6% ± 2.7%, P < 0.001), HbA1c (6.0% ± 0.1% vs. 6.3% ± 0.1%, P < 0.05), and HDL cholesterol (50 ± 1.3 vs. 47 ± 0.8 mg/dL, P < 0.05) than those who used statins alone. No significant differences were identified between the two groups for LDL cholesterol and TAG concentrations. Conclusions Statin users who coingested dietary supplements were less likely to have high levels of total cholesterol and HbA1c and greater HDL levels than statin users who did not take dietary supplements. Dietary intake, lifestyle choices, and other confounders may have influenced the observed outcome differences for those who took dietary supplements with statins and those who did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha S. MacDonald
- Correspondence author. TSM, Texas Woman’s University – Houston Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Nikitina IM, Sуnkina AA, Yakymchuk YB, Sukhostavets NP, Kopytsia TV, Нerasymenko SF, Babar TV. MENSTRUAL DISORDER IN ADOLESCENTS DURING WAR. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:984-991. [PMID: 37326080 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202305115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To investigate the peculiarities of menstrual cycle disorders in teenagers against the background of excessive stress in order to develop a scientifically based set of measures for their correction. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: 120 girls aged 9-18 who were in the war zone or became forced migrants were examined. Examination methods included anamnesis collection, assessment of psycho-emotional state, anthropometry, laboratory and instrumental studies. RESULTS Results: It was found that the frequency of menstrual cycle disorders in the subjects was 65.8% (n = 79). Among menstrual cycle disorders: dysmenorrhea - 45.6% (n = 36), excessive menstruation - 27.8% (n = 22), secondary amenorrhea - 26.6% (n = 21). 71.7% (n = 86) of the examinees noted a change in eating behavior over the past few months. Almost half of these children had dyshormonal disorders or met the criteria of metabolic syndrome - 45.3% (n = 39). CONCLUSION Conclusion: Timely detection and adequate correction of psycho-emotional and metabolic disorders in adolescent girls in stressful conditions contributes to the prevention of disorders of menstrual and reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yulia B Yakymchuk
- TERNOPIL STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER I. YA. HORBACHEVSKI, TERNOPIL, UKRAINE
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Kim NK, Jung MA, Lee SH, Joo NS. Short-term Changes in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level after Body Fat Reduction via Partial Meal Replacement. Korean J Fam Med 2023; 44:58-63. [PMID: 36709962 PMCID: PMC9887445 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.22.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels change during body weight reduction. However, the changes that occur during short-term body weight control interventions remain controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in TSH levels according to body fat reduction. METHODS We performed a 3-month intervention study involving partial meal replacement. Forty-nine participants completed the study. Correlations between changes in TSH levels and other body composition parameters were determined. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their body fat reduction (>1 kg, n=20; <1 kg, n=29). The changes in metabolic parameters, including TSH levels, were compared. For significant values, a multivariate analysis was performed after adjustment to evaluate the relationship between TSH changes and body fat reduction. RESULTS The 3-month intervention caused favorable changes in body proportions and metabolic parameters. TSH levels changed significantly only after changes in total body fat, showing a partial correlation. Changes in TSH levels were significantly different between groups (P=0.014). Moreover, the change in TSH levels was significantly different after adjustment (P=0.012). CONCLUSION A body fat reduction, especially >1 kg, can reduce serum TSH concentrations in subjects with metabolic syndrome after short-term body weight intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Kyu Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min-Ah Jung
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seok-Hoon Lee
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nam-Seok Joo
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Corresponding Author: Nam-Seok Joo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5895-1800 Tel: +82-31-219-5324, Fax: +82-31-219-5218, E-mail:
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Risk Factors, Clinical Consequences, Prevention, and Treatment of Childhood Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121975. [PMID: 36553418 PMCID: PMC9776766 DOI: 10.3390/children9121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity might adversely affect the health and well-being of children and their families. Childhood obesity has crucial implications for health, both during childhood and as they age. It is highly associated with many acute problems and is commonly present during childhood, making visits and hospital admissions polarized in this group of children. The problems that may affect these children can be medical, such as asthma, chronic inflammation, orthopedic abnormalities, liver disease, diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Long-term consequences of cardiovascular risk factors, the persistence of obesity and premature mortality are common among adults who had obesity during their early lives. Additionally, they could also suffer from psychological issues, such as low self-esteem, which puts them at risk of a much more serious psychosocial problem that may lead to depression, as well as a disruption in educational achievements and social relationships. A healthy diet, physical activity, adequate sleep, and limited screen time are all preventive measures that should be implemented at the family and community levels, preferably through well-structured programs. Furthermore, pharmacological management of childhood obesity is limited and only used after non-pharmacological interventions have failed or in the late stages of obesity. However, recent guidelines advocate the early use of medical interventions. Approved pharmacotherapeutic options include orlistat, phentermine/topiramate combination and liraglutide. There are several other options approved primarily for other specific forms of obesity or for other indications, including setmelanotide, metformin, lisdexamfetamine, zonisamide and fluoxetine. Bariatric surgery is a safe and effective option in cases with extreme obesity and comorbidities considering the need for long-term monitoring and support for cases and their families post-surgery. This review aims to discuss and highlight the recent evidence regarding risk factors, clinical consequences, prevention, and treatment of childhood obesity.
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Bi J, Wang F, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Jia C, He J, Yao J, Zhang Z, Li Z, Li P, He M. Association of serum bisphenol A levels with incident overweight and obesity risk and the mediating effect of adiponectin. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136287. [PMID: 36084821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing cross-sectional studies indicated a positive association of bisphenol A (BPA) with overweight and obesity. However, the relationship and potential mechanisms underlying this association remain to be elucidated in prospective studies. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate whether serum BPA is associated with incident overweight and obesity risk, and to further explore whether adiponectin plays a mediating role in the association. METHODS We measured blood BPA and adiponectin in Chinese populations. The association of serum BPA with overweight and obesity risk was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models. We further examined the mediating effect of adiponectin by causal mediation analysis. RESULTS Among 796 participants free of overweight and obesity at baseline, 133 individuals developed overweight and obesity during the follow-up period. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of serum BPA, those in the second and third quartiles were positively associated with incident overweight and obesity risk adjusting for covariates (all P-values < 0.05), whereas this association was not observed in the fourth quartile. Further spline analysis showed an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship (Pnon-linear = 0.04). Furthermore, each unit of serum log10-transformed BPA levels was associated with higher changes in waist-to-height ratio and body roundness index (all P-values < 0.05). Mediation analysis indicated significant indirect effects of adiponectin on the associations of BPA with overweight and obesity prevalence (mediation proportion: 46.08%; P = 0.02), and BMI levels (mediation proportion: 30.32%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Serum BPA displayed a positive association with incident overweight and obesity risk in a non-monotonic pattern, and adiponectin might mediate the association. Further mechanistic studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Bi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chengyong Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinqiu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zefang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Moxonidine ameliorates cardiac injury in rats with metabolic syndrome by regulating autophagy. Life Sci 2022; 312:121210. [PMID: 36410408 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reduced cardiac autophagy, ischemic injury, sympathetic overactivity, and apoptosis all contribute to metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated cardiovascular risks. NR4A2, an orphan nuclear receptor NR4A family member, induces autophagy while suppressing apoptosis in myocardial infarction. Moxonidine, a sympathoinhibitor imidazoline1 receptor (I1R) agonist, has beneficial metabolic and hemodynamic effects; however, whether autophagy and/or NR4A2 signaling are involved in moxonidine's cardiovascular effects via I1R activation, is unknown, and is the aim of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce MetS, rats were fed 3 % salt in their diet and 10 % fructose in their drinking water for 12 weeks. MetS-rats were given either moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day, gavage), efaroxan (I1R antagonist, 0.6 mg/kg/day, i.p), both treatments, or vehicles for the last two weeks. Blood pressure, lipid profile, and glycemic control were evaluated. Histopathological examination, circulating cardiac troponin I (c-TnI), proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6), apoptosis (active caspase-3 and Fas-immunostaining), interstitial fibrosis [transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Mallory's trichrome staining], and extracellular matrix remodeling [matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)], were used to assess cardiac pathology. Cardiac NR4A2 and its downstream factor, p53, as well as autophagic flux markers, SQSTM1/p62, LC3, and Beclin-1 were also determined. KEY FINDINGS Moxonidine significantly ameliorated MetS-induced metabolic and hemodynamic derangements and the associated cardiac pathology. Moxonidine restored NR4A2 and p53 myocardial levels and enhanced autophagic flux via modulating SQSTM1/p62, LC3, and Beclin-1. Efaroxan reversed the majority of the moxonidine-induced improvements. SIGNIFICANCE The current study suggests that autophagy modulation via I1R activation is involved in moxonidine-mediated cardiac beneficial effects in MetS.
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Associations between visceral adipose tissue estimates produced by near-infrared spectroscopy, mobile anthropometrics, and traditional body composition assessments and estimates derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Br J Nutr 2022:1-11. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Assessments of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are critical in preventing metabolic disorders; however, there are limited measurement methods that are accurate and accessible for VAT. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between VAT estimates from consumer-grade devices and traditional anthropometrics and VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data were collected from 182 participants (female = 114; White = 127; Black/African-American (BAA) = 48) which included anthropometrics and indices of VAT produced by near-infrared reactance spectroscopy (NIRS), visual body composition (VBC) and multifrequency BIA (MFBIA). VAT and SAT were collected using DXA. Bivariate and partial correlations were calculated between DXAVAT and DXASAT and other VAT estimates. All VAT indices had positive moderate–strong correlations with VAT (all P < 0·001) and SAT (all P < 0·001). Only waist:hip (r = 0·69), VATVBC (r = 0·84), and VATMFBIA (r = 0·86) had stronger associations with VAT than SAT (P < 0·001). Partial associations between VATVBC and VATMFBIA were only stronger for VAT than SAT in White participants (r = 0·67, P < 0·001) but not female, male, or BAA participants individually. Partial correlations for waist:hip were stronger for VAT than SAT, but only for male (r = 0·40, P < 0·010) or White participants (r = 0·48, P < 0·001). NIRS was amongst the weakest predictors of VAT which was highest in male participants (r = 0·39, P < 0·010) but non-existent in BAA participants (r = –0·02, P > 0·050) after adjusting for SAT. Both anthropometric and consumer-grade VAT indices are consistently better predictors of SAT than VAT. These data highlight the need for a standardised, but convenient, VAT estimation protocol that can account for the relationship between SAT and VAT that differs by sex/race.
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