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Teoh AN, Kaur S, Shafie SR, Shukri NHM, Bustami NA, Takahashi M, Shibata S. Maternal melatonin levels and temporal dietary intake: results from MY-CARE cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:491. [PMID: 37403031 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrononutrition emerges as a novel approach to promote circadian alignment and metabolic health by means of time-of-the-day dietary intake. However, the relationship between maternal circadian rhythm and temporal dietary intake during pregnancy remains understudied. This study aimed to determine the change in melatonin levels in pregnant women across gestation and its association with temporal energy and macronutrient intake. This was a prospective cohort involving 70 healthy primigravidas. During the second and third trimesters, pregnant women provided salivary samples collected at 9:00, 15:00, 21:00, and 3:00 h over a 24 h day for melatonin assay. Data on chrononutrition characteristics were collected using a 3-day food record. Parameters derived from melatonin measurements including mean, amplitude, maximal level, area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCI), and area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCG) were computed. A rhythmic melatonin secretion over the day that remained stable across trimesters was observed among the pregnant women. There was no significant elevation in salivary melatonin levels as pregnancy advanced. In the second trimester, higher energy intake during 12:00-15:59 h and 19:00-06:59 h predicted a steeper melatonin AUCI (β=-0.32, p = 0.034) and higher AUCG (β = 0.26, p = 0.042), respectively. Macronutrient intake within 12:00-15:59 h was negatively associated with mean melatonin (Fat: β=-0.28, p = 0.041) and AUCG (Carbohydrate: β=-0.37, p = 0.003; Protein: β=-0.27, p = 0.036; Fat: β=-0.32, p = 0.014). As pregnant women progressed from the second to the third trimester, a flatter AUCI was associated with a reduced carbohydrate intake during 12:00-15:59 h (β=-0.40, p = 0.026). No significant association was detected during the third trimester. Our findings show that higher energy and macronutrient intakes particularly during 12:00-15:59 h and 19:00-06:59 h are associated with the disparities in maternal melatonin levels. Findings suggest the potential of time-based dietary approaches to entrain circadian rhythm in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ni Teoh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Raihanah Shafie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Normina Ahmad Bustami
- School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Biosciences, School of Advanced Engineering and Sciences, Waseda University, Waseda, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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[Prevalence of the GA risk haplotype of the rs1554483 and rs4864548 polymorphisms of the CLOCK gene associated with obesity and overweight in 26 populations]. NUTR HOSP 2023. [PMID: 36789957 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the GA haplotype of polymorphisms rs1554483 and rs4864548 has been associated with components of the metabolic syndrome such as high blood pressure and triglyceride levels; its carriers have a risk of obesity, 1.5 times higher than the rest of the population. METHODOLOGY SNP rs1554483 and rs4864548 were obtained from 2504 individuals from the "1000genomes phase 3" database. Data were grouped into five macro populations (Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Europe and Latin America) covering a total of 26 populations. Differences in haplotype frequency between macro populations and populations were analyzed, for which Fisher's F statistic was used. RESULTS the macro population of Africa presented the lowest frequency (17.9 %) and that of East Asia the highest (57.4 %). Within the populations there is a relative homogeneity in the frequencies, except in the case of those that make up the macro population of Latin America where the Peruvian population of Lima and the Puerto Rican population present much higher frequencies than the rest. CONCLUSIONS the GA haplotype presents heterogeneity between macro populations, which suggests highly differentiated micro evolutionary processes between continents. We propose to study the association of the GA haplotype with other polymorphisms such as rs3749474, rs11932595 and rs6859524 that have also been associated with risk of obesity and factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Personalized Nutrition in the Management of Female Infertility: New Insights on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091918. [PMID: 35565885 PMCID: PMC9105997 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting a mutual association between nutrition and female fertility. Different “fertile” dietary patterns have been studied; however, in humans, conflicting results or weak correlations are often reported, probably because of the individual variations in genome, proteome, metabolome, and microbiome and the extent of exposure to different environmental conditions. In this scenario, “precision nutrition”, namely personalized dietary patterns based on deep phenotyping and on metabolomics, microbiome, and nutrigenetics of each case, might be more efficient for infertile patients than applying a generic nutritional approach. In this review, we report on new insights into the nutritional management of infertile patients, discussing the main nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and microbiomic aspects that should be investigated to achieve effective personalized nutritional interventions. Specifically, we will focus on the management of low-grade chronic inflammation, which is associated with several infertility-related diseases.
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Wen CKF, Chou CP, Belcher BR, Weigensberg MJ, Black DS, Spruijt-Metz D. The Acute Relationship between Affective States and Stress Biomarkers in Ethnic Minority Youths. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312670. [PMID: 34886393 PMCID: PMC8656681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Whether affective states acutely predict the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activities and whether energy balance-related behaviors moderate the affect–HPA axis relationship in obese youths are not well-understood. Methods: 87 mostly obese (94.3% obese) minority adolescents (mean: 16.3 ± 1.2 years old; 56.8% Latino and 43.2% African American) participated in a randomized crossover trial in an observation laboratory, where they received either high-sugar/low-fiber (HSLF) or low-sugar/high-fiber (LSHF) meals first and then crossed over in the next visit 2–4 weeks later. During each visit, they rated five affective states and provided a saliva sample every 30 min for the first 5 h and wore a waist-worn accelerometer. The association between the affect ratings and cortisol levels in the subsequent 30 min and the moderation effect of energy balance-related behavior were examined using multilevel models. Results: Within-person negative affect (β = 0.02, p = 0.0343) and feeling of panic (β = 0.007, p = 0.004) were acutely related to the subsequent cortisol level only during the HSLF condition. The time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity did not moderate the acute relationship between affect and the subsequent cortisol level. Conclusions: Negative affect could be acutely related to heightened HPA axis activities in youths, but only when they were exposed to meals with high sugar and low fiber content. These results suggest that the meals’ sugar and fiber content may modulate HPA axis reactivity to negative affect in youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng K. Fred Wen
- Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Chih-Ping Chou
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.-P.C.); (B.R.B.); (D.S.B.)
| | - Britni R. Belcher
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.-P.C.); (B.R.B.); (D.S.B.)
| | - Marc J. Weigensberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - David S. Black
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.-P.C.); (B.R.B.); (D.S.B.)
| | - Donna Spruijt-Metz
- Center for Economic and Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
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Protein and carbohydrate distribution among the meals: effect on metabolic parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:1007-1016. [PMID: 32493523 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Studies have revealed that the timing of macronutrient ingestion may influence body weight and glucose tolerance. We aimed to examine the effect of high protein v. high carbohydrate intake at the evening meal on metabolic parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes. This is a single-blinded, parallel, randomised controlled trial. Ninety-six patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 32-65 years with a mean BMI of 28·5 (sd 3·4) kg/m2, were randomly assigned into one of these three groups: standard evening meal (ST), high-carbohydrate evening meal (HC) and high-protein evening meal (HP). Then, the patients were followed for 10 weeks. HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, TAG, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body fat percentage and waist circumference decreased significantly in all three groups (P < 0·05). HbA1c showed more improvement in the ST compared with the HP group (-0·45 (sd 0·36) v. -0·26 (sd 0·36)). Reductions in BMI and body weight were significantly higher in the ST compared with the HP group (P < 0·05). Reductions in total cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were significant in all groups, except for the HP group. Non-HDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol remained unchanged in all groups. The results of the present study revealed that even distribution of carbohydrates and protein among meals compared with reducing carbohydrates and increasing protein at dinner may have a more beneficial effect on glycaemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Camblor Murube M, Borregon-Rivilla E, Colmenarejo G, Aguilar-Aguilar E, Martínez JA, Ramírez De Molina A, Reglero G, Loria-Kohen V. Polymorphism of CLOCK Gene rs3749474 as a Modulator of the Circadian Evening Carbohydrate Intake Impact on Nutritional Status in an Adult Sample. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041142. [PMID: 32325849 PMCID: PMC7231306 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of energy intake and macronutrients consumption throughout the day, and how its effect on nutritional status can be modulated by the presence of the rs3749474 polymorphism of the CLOCK gene in the Cantoblanco Platform for Nutritional Genomics (“GENYAL Platform”). This cross-sectional study was carried out on 898 volunteers between 18 and 69 years old (65.5% women). Anthropometric measurements, social issues and health, dietary, biochemical, genetic, and physical activity data were collected. Subsequently, 21 statistical interaction models were designed to predict the body mass index (BMI) considering seven dietary variables analyzed by three genetic models (adjusted by age, sex, and physical activity). The average BMI was 26.9 ± 4.65 kg/m2, 62.14% presented an excess weight (BMI > 25 kg/m2). A significant interaction was observed between the presence of the rs3749474 polymorphism and the evening carbohydrate intake (% of the total daily energy intake [%TEI]) (adjusted p = 0.046), when predicting the BMI. Participants carrying TT/CT genotype showed a positive association between the evening carbohydrate intake (%TEI) and BMI (β = 0.3379, 95% CI = (0.1689,0.5080)) and (β = 0.1529, 95% CI = (−0.0164,0.3227)), respectively, whereas the wild type allele (CC) showed a negative association (β = −0.0321, 95% CI = (−0.1505,0.0862)). No significant interaction with the remaining model variables was identified. New dietary strategies may be implemented to schedule the circadian distribution of macronutrients according to the genotype. Clinical Trial number: NCT04067921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Camblor Murube
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Borregon-Rivilla
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-R.); (E.A.-A.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Aguilar-Aguilar
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-R.); (E.A.-A.); (J.A.M.)
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-R.); (E.A.-A.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research (CIN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez De Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Production and Development of Foods for Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-R.); (E.A.-A.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-912796957; Fax: +34-911880756
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Hernández Morante JJ, Díaz Soler I, Muñoz JSG, Sánchez HP, Barberá Ortega MDC, Martínez CM, Morillas Ruiz JM. Moderate Weight Loss Modifies Leptin and Ghrelin Synthesis Rhythms but Not the Subjective Sensations of Appetite in Obesity Patients. Nutrients 2020; 12:E916. [PMID: 32230732 PMCID: PMC7230904 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a resistance to appetite-regulating hormones, leading to a misalignment between the physiological signals and the perceived hunger/satiety signal. A disruption of the synthesis rhythm may explain this situation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary-induced weight loss on the daily rhythms of leptin and ghrelin and its influence on the daily variability of the appetite sensations of patients with obesity. Twenty subjects with obesity underwent a hypocaloric dietary intervention for 12 weeks. Plasma leptin and ghrelin were analyzed at baseline and at the end of the intervention and in 13 normal-weight controls. Appetite ratings were analyzed. Weight loss decreased leptin synthesis (pauc < 0.001) but not the rhythm characteristics, except the mean variability value (pmesor = 0.020). By contrast, the mean ghrelin level increased after weight loss. The rhythm characteristics were also modified until a rhythm similar to the normal-weight subjects was reached. The amount of variability of leptin and ghrelin was correlated with the effectiveness of the dietary intervention (p < 0.020 and p < 0.001, respectively). Losing weight partially restores the daily rhythms of leptin and modifies the ghrelin rhythms, but appetite sensations are barely modified, thus confirming that these hormones cannot exercise their physiological function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Hernández Morante
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (I.D.S.); (M.d.C.B.O.)
| | - Inmaculada Díaz Soler
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (I.D.S.); (M.d.C.B.O.)
| | | | - Horacio Pérez Sánchez
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Mª del Carmen Barberá Ortega
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (I.D.S.); (M.d.C.B.O.)
| | | | - Juana Mª Morillas Ruiz
- Food Technology & Nutrition Dept., Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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Kessler K, Hornemann S, Petzke KJ, Kemper M, Markova M, Rudovich N, Grune T, Kramer A, Pfeiffer AFH, Pivovarova-Ramich O. Diurnal distribution of carbohydrates and fat affects substrate oxidation and adipokine secretion in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1209-1219. [PMID: 30541098 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A diet in which fat is mainly eaten in the morning and carbohydrates mainly in the evening (compared with the reverse order) was recently shown to worsen glycemic control in people with prediabetes. Objective We investigated the effects of these dietary patterns on energy metabolism, and on the daily profiles of circulating lipids, adipokines, and inflammatory markers. Design In a randomized controlled crossover trial, 29 nonobese men (with normal glucose tolerance, n = 18; or impaired fasting glucose/glucose tolerance, n = 11) underwent 2 isocaloric 4-wk diets: 1) carbohydrate-rich meals until 1330 and fat-rich meals between 1630 and 2200 (HC/HF); or 2) the inverse sequence of meals (HF/HC). During a 12-h clinical investigation day after each intervention period, 2 meal tolerance tests were performed, at 0900 and 1540, respectively. Substrate oxidation and concentrations of circulating lipids, adipokines, and cytokines were assessed pre- and postprandially. The postprandial inflammatory response in leukocytes was analyzed ex vivo. Results Fasting carbohydrate oxidation decreased (P = 0.004) and lipid oxidation increased (P = 0.012) after the HC/HF diet. Fasting concentrations of blood markers did not differ between diets. The diets modulated the daily profiles of carbohydrate oxidation, lipid oxidation, and β-hydroxybutyrate, although the average daily values of these parameters showed no difference between the diets, and no interaction between diet and glucose tolerance status. Diurnal patterns of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, visfatin, and of LPS-induced cytokine secretion in blood leukocytes were also modulated by the diets. Average daily concentrations of leptin (P = 0.017) and visfatin (P = 0.041) were lower on the HF/HC diet than on the HC/HF diet. Conclusions Diurnal distribution of carbohydrates and fat affects the daily profiles of substrate oxidation, circulating lipids, and cytokine secretion, and alters the average daily concentrations of adipokine secretion in nonobese nondiabetic humans. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02487576.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kessler
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Hornemann
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Petzke
- Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin
| | - Mariya Markova
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Spital Bülach, Bülach, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Grune
- Molecular Toxicology.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin
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MacMillan F, Karamacoska D, El Masri A, McBride KA, Steiner GZ, Cook A, Kolt GS, Klupp N, George ES. A systematic review of health promotion intervention studies in the police force: study characteristics, intervention design and impacts on health. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:913-923. [PMID: 29066612 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To systematically review studies of health promotion intervention in the police force. Four databases were searched for articles reporting on prepost single and multigroup studies in police officers and trainees. Data were extracted and bias assessed to evaluate study characteristics, intervention design and the impact of interventions on health. Database searching identified 25 articles reporting on 21 studies relevant to the aims of this review. Few studies (n=3) were of long duration (≥6 months). Nine of 21 studies evaluated structured physical activity and/or diet programmes only, 5 studies used education and behaviour change support-only interventions, 5 combined structured programmes with education and behaviour change support, and 2 studies used computer prompts to minimise sedentary behaviour. A wide array of lifestyle behaviour and health outcomes was measured, with 11/13 multigroup and 8/8 single-group studies reporting beneficial impacts on outcomes. High risk of bias was evident across most studies. In those with the lowest risk of bias (n=2), a large effect on blood pressure and small effects on diet, sleep quality, stress and tobacco use, were reported. Health promotion interventions can impact beneficially on health of the police force, particularly blood pressure, diet, sleep, stress and tobacco use. Limited reporting made comparison of findings challenging. Combined structured programmes with education and behaviour change support and programmes including peer support resulted in the most impact on health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya MacMillan
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana Karamacoska
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aymen El Masri
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate A McBride
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Genevieve Z Steiner
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NICM, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amelia Cook
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nerida Klupp
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Jensen KB, Forcada Y, Church DB, Niessen SJM. Evaluation and diagnostic potential of serum ghrelin in feline hypersomatotropism and diabetes mellitus. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:14-20. [PMID: 25619512 PMCID: PMC4858111 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ghrelin is a growth hormone secretagogue. It is a potent regulator of energy homeostasis. Ghrelin concentration is down‐regulated in humans with hypersomatotropism (HS) and increases after successful treatment. Additionally, ghrelin secretion seems impaired in human diabetes mellitus (DM). Hypothesis Serum ghrelin concentration is down‐regulated in cats with HS‐induced DM (HSDM) compared to healthy control cats or cats with DM unrelated to HS and increases after radiotherapy. Animals Cats with DM (n = 20) and with HSDM (n = 32), 13 of which underwent radiotherapy (RT‐group); age‐matched controls (n = 20). Methods Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Analytical performance of a serum total ghrelin ELISA was assessed and validated for use in cats. Differences in serum ghrelin, fructosamine, IGF‐1 and insulin were evaluated. Results Ghrelin was significantly higher (P < .001) in control cats (mean ± SD: 12.9 ± 6.8 ng/mL) compared to HSDM‐ (7.9 ± 3.3 ng/mL) and DM‐cats (6.7 ± 2.3 ng/mL), although not different between the HSDM‐ and DM‐cats. After RT ghrelin increased significantly (P = .003) in HSDM‐cats undergoing RT (from 6.6 ± 1.9 ng/mL to 9.0 ± 2.2 ng/mL) and the after RT ghrelin concentrations of HSDM cats were no longer significantly different from the serum ghrelin concentration of control cats. Serum IGF‐1 did not significantly change in HSDM‐cats after RT, despite significant decreases in fructosamine and insulin dose. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Ghrelin appears suppressed in cats with DM and HSDM, although increases after RT in HSDM, suggesting possible presence of a direct or indirect negative feedback system between growth hormone and ghrelin. Serum ghrelin might therefore represent a marker of treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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Sofer S, Eliraz A, Madar Z, Froy O. Concentrating carbohydrates before sleep improves feeding regulation and metabolic and inflammatory parameters in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015. [PMID: 26206716 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
New evidance highlights the importance of food timing. Recently, we showed that a low-calorie diet with carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner changed diurnal hormone secretion and led to greater weight loss and improved metabolic status in obese people. Herein, we set out to test whether concentrated-carbohydrates diet (CCD), in which carbohydrates are fed only before sleep, leads to an improved metabolic status in mouse hypothalamus and peripheral tissues. Diet-induced obese mice were given concentrated or distributed carbohydrate diet for 6 weeks. Obese mice fed CCD ate 8.3% less, were 9.3% leaner and had 39.7% less fat mass. Leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin displayed altered secretion. In addition, these mice exhibited an improved biochemical and inflammatory status. In the hypothalamus, anorexigenic signals were up-regulated and orexigenic signals were down-regulated. In peripheral tissues, CCD promoted adiponectin signaling, repressed gluconeogenesis, enhanced lipid oxidation and lowered inflammation, thus ameliorating the major risk factors of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Sofer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Meuhedet Medical Services, Diet and Nutrition Department, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Eliraz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Thompson HJ, Sedlacek SM, Wolfe P, Paul D, Lakoski SG, Playdon MC, McGinley JN, Matthews SB. Impact of Weight Loss on Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin in Overweight-to-Obese Post Menopausal Breast Cancer Survivors. Nutrients 2015; 7:5156-76. [PMID: 26132992 PMCID: PMC4516992 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Women who are obese at the time of breast cancer diagnosis have higher overall mortality than normal weight women and some evidence implicates adiponectin and leptin as contributing to prognostic disadvantage. While intentional weight loss is thought to improve prognosis, its impact on these adipokines is unclear. This study compared the pattern of change in plasma leptin and adiponectin in overweight-to-obese post-menopausal breast cancer survivors during weight loss. Given the controversies about what dietary pattern is most appropriate for breast cancer control and regulation of adipokine metabolism, the effect of a low fat versus a low carbohydrate pattern was evaluated using a non-randomized, controlled study design. Anthropometric data and fasted plasma were obtained monthly during the six-month weight loss intervention. While leptin was associated with fat mass, adiponectin was not, and the lack of correlation between leptin and adiponectin concentrations throughout weight loss implies independent mechanisms of regulation. The temporal pattern of change in leptin but not adiponectin was affected by magnitude of weight loss. Dietary pattern was without effect on either adipokine. Mechanisms not directly related to dietary pattern, weight loss, or fat mass appear to play dominant roles in the regulation of circulating levels of these adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA.
| | - Scot M Sedlacek
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO 80220, USA.
| | - Pamela Wolfe
- Colorado Biostatistics Consortium, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Devchand Paul
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO 80220, USA.
| | - Susan G Lakoski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA.
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - John N McGinley
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA.
| | - Shawna B Matthews
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA.
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Sofer S, Stark AH, Madar Z. Nutrition targeting by food timing: time-related dietary approaches to combat obesity and metabolic syndrome. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:214-23. [PMID: 25770260 PMCID: PMC4352180 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective nutritional guidelines for reducing abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome are urgently needed. Over the years, many different dietary regimens have been studied as possible treatment alternatives. The efficacy of low-calorie diets, diets with different proportions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates, traditional healthy eating patterns, and evidence-based dietary approaches were evaluated. Reviewing literature published in the last 5 y reveals that these diets may improve risk factors associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, each diet has limitations ranging from high dropout rates to maintenance difficulties. In addition, most of these dietary regimens have the ability to attenuate some, but not all, of the components involved in this complicated multifactorial condition. Recently, interest has arisen in the time of day foods are consumed (food timing). Studies have examined the implications of eating at the right or wrong time, restricting eating hours, time allocation for meals, and timing of macronutrient consumption during the day. In this paper we review new insights into well-known dietary therapies as well as innovative time-associated dietary approaches for treating obesity and metabolic syndrome. We discuss results from systematic meta-analyses, clinical interventions, and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Sofer
- Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel; and,Diet and Nutrition Department, Meuhedet Medical Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aliza H Stark
- Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel; and
| | - Zecharia Madar
- Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel; and
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Abstract
The timing of food intake has been investigated as a novel factor in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of obesity. Indeed, consuming a large proportion of food later in the day and into the night has been associated with higher body weight and may even impair weight loss. The diet quality of late-eaters may be a factor involved in these relationships. Moreover, the nutritional characteristics of the foods consumed during the night may negatively affect metabolic and circadian rhythms that are required for optimal health. This review will first examine the diet quality of late-eaters and describe common foods consumed as nocturnal snacks. Second, this review will briefly acknowledge the potential adverse metabolic and circadian effects of consuming certain foods very late in the evening or during the night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Gallant
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, 2300 Rue de la Terrasse PEPS, Suite 0290-F, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- The Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval Hospital, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Lundgren
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5030 Cherry Street, Suite 321, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, 2300 Rue de la Terrasse PEPS, Suite 0290-F, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- The Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval Hospital, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Fernemark H, Jaredsson C, Bunjaku B, Rosenqvist U, Nystrom FH, Guldbrand H. A randomized cross-over trial of the postprandial effects of three different diets in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79324. [PMID: 24312178 PMCID: PMC3842308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the clinic setting both fasting levels of glucose and the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose, by determination of HbA1c levels, are used for risk assessments, in type 2 diabetes (NIDDM). However little is known about postprandial levels, and hence AUC, regarding other traditional risk factors such as insulin and blood-lipids and how this is affected by different diets. OBJECTIVE To study postprandial effects of three diets, during a single day, in NIDDM. METHODS A low-fat diet (45-56 energy-% from carbohydrates), and a low-carbohydrate diet (16-24 energy-% from carbohydrates) was compared with a Mediterranean-style diet (black coffee for breakfast and the same total-caloric intake as the other two diets for lunch with red wine, 32-35 energy-% from carbohydrates) in a randomized cross-over design. Total-caloric intake/test-day at the clinic from food was 1025-1080 kCal in men and 905-984 kCal in women. The test meals were consumed at a diabetes ward under supervision. RESULTS Twenty-one participants were recruited and 19 completed the studies. The low-carbohydrate diet induced lower insulin and glucose excursions compared with the low-fat diet (p<0.0005 for both AUC). The insulin-response following the single Mediterranean-style lunch-meal was more pronounced than during the low-fat diet lunch (insulin increase-ratio of the low-fat diet: 4.35 ± 2.2, of Mediterranean-style diet: 8.12 ± 5.2, p = 0.001) while postprandial glucose levels were similar. The increase-ratio of insulin correlated with the elevation of the incretin glucose-dependent insulinotropic-polypeptide following the Mediterranean-style diet lunch (Spearman, r = 0.64, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The large Mediterranean-style lunch-meal induced similar postprandial glucose-elevations as the low-fat meal despite almost double amount of calories due to a pronounced insulin-increase. This suggests that accumulation of caloric intake from breakfast and lunch to a single large Mediterranean style lunch-meal in NIDDM might be advantageous from a metabolic perspective. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01522157 NCT01522157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fernemark
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christine Jaredsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bekim Bunjaku
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ulf Rosenqvist
- Department of Internal Medicine, Motala Hospital, Motala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik H. Nystrom
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hans Guldbrand
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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