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Neuenschwander M, Stadelmaier J, Eble J, Grummich K, Szczerba E, Kiesswetter E, Schlesinger S, Schwingshackl L. Substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Med 2023; 21:404. [PMID: 37968628 PMCID: PMC10652524 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that substituting animal-based with plant-based foods is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and all-cause mortality. Our aim was to summarize and evaluate the evidence for the substitution of any animal-based foods with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science to March 2023 for prospective studies investigating the substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on CVD, T2D, and all-cause mortality. We calculated summary hazard ratios (SHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using random-effects meta-analyses. We assessed the certainty of evidence (CoE) using the GRADE approach. RESULTS In total, 37 publications based on 24 cohorts were included. There was moderate CoE for a lower risk of CVD when substituting processed meat with nuts [SHR (95% CI): 0.73 (0.59, 0.91), n = 8 cohorts], legumes [0.77 (0.68, 0.87), n = 8], and whole grains [0.64 (0.54, 0.75), n = 7], as well as eggs with nuts [0.83 (0.78, 0.89), n = 8] and butter with olive oil [0.96 (0.95, 0.98), n = 3]. Furthermore, we found moderate CoE for an inverse association with T2D incidence when substituting red meat with whole grains/cereals [0.90 (0.84, 0.96), n = 6] and red meat or processed meat with nuts [0.92 (0.90, 0.94), n = 6 or 0.78 (0.69, 0.88), n = 6], as well as for replacing poultry with whole grains [0.87 (0.83, 0.90), n = 2] and eggs with nuts or whole grains [0.82 (0.79, 0.86), n = 2 or 0.79 (0.76, 0.83), n = 2]. Moreover, replacing red meat for nuts [0.93 (0.91, 0.95), n = 9] and whole grains [0.96 (0.95, 0.98), n = 3], processed meat with nuts [0.79 (0.71, 0.88), n = 9] and legumes [0.91 (0.85, 0.98), n = 9], dairy with nuts [0.94 (0.91, 0.97), n = 3], and eggs with nuts [0.85 (0.82, 0.89), n = 8] and legumes [0.90 (0.89, 0.91), n = 7] was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that a shift from animal-based (e.g., red and processed meat, eggs, dairy, poultry, butter) to plant-based (e.g., nuts, legumes, whole grains, olive oil) foods is beneficially associated with cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Stadelmaier
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Eble
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Grummich
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edyta Szczerba
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Kiesswetter
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ricci H, Gaeta M, Franchi C, Poli A, Battino M, Dolci A, Schmid D, Ricci C. Fish Intake in Relation to Fatal and Non-Fatal Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:4539. [PMID: 37960192 PMCID: PMC10647504 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that eating fish significantly reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. However, more focused meta-analyses based on the most recent results from prospective cohort studies are needed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the association between fish intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using recent prospective studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guideline was conducted based on a random effects synthesis of multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) of high vs. low categories of fish intake in relation to CVD incidence and mortality. Non-linear meta-regression was applied to investigate the shape of the association between fish intake and CVD risk. Sensitivity analysis and stratifications by type of CVD outcome, type of fish intake and type of cooking were performed. Based on 18 papers reporting 17 independent estimates of CVD risk (1,442,407 participants and 78,805 fatal and non-fatal CVD events), high vs. low intake of fish corresponded to about 8% reduced CVD risk (RR = 0.93 [0.88-0.98]). According to a non-linear dose-response meta-regression, 50 g of fish intake per day corresponded to a statistically significant 9% reduced fatal and non-fatal CVD risk (RR = 0.92 [0.90-0.95]). Similarly, fish intake in the range of a weekly intake of two to three portions of fish with a size of 150 g resulted in 8% fatal and non-fatal CVD risk reduction (RR = 0.93 [0.91-0.96]). The recommended two portions of fish a week reduces the risk of CVD outcomes by approximately 10%. A full portion of fish a day reduces CVD risk by up to 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ricci
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Maddalena Gaeta
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Franchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology and Human Nutrition, Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health (IIPH), 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy (NFI), 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Dolci
- Sustainable Development Department, Bolton Food SpA, 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Division for Quantitative Methods in Public Health and Health Services Research, Private University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall, Austria;
| | - Cristian Ricci
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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Association between Seafood Intake and Cardiovascular Disease in South Korean Adults: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224864. [PMID: 36432548 PMCID: PMC9695428 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable diseases causing 18.6 million deaths worldwide. Several studies have revealed that seafood consumption has a protective effect against CVD. This study investigated the correlation between CVD and seafood intake based on a 10-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The study population, which included 6565 adults age, 55.65 (±8.68), was divided into seafood intake-based tertiles. CVD included myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. At baseline, participants with low seafood intake also had low eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes. Prospectively, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Seafood intake exhibited a significantly inverse relationship with the cumulative CVD incidence over 10 years regardless of sex (women: log-rank test p < 0.001 and men: log-rank test p < 0.0401). The longitudinal association of low seafood intake with the CVD risk was significantly stronger in female participants after adjusting for confounding variables (HR (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.718 (0.519−0.993) p-trend = 0.043). These results suggested that seafood consumption potentially ameliorates CVD risk in middle-aged adults.
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Marinac Pupavac S, Kenðel Jovanović G, Linšak Ž, Glad M, Traven L, Pavičić Žeželj S. The influence on fish and seafood consumption, and the attitudes and reasons for its consumption in the Croatian population. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.945186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish makes an important part of the Mediterranean diet, which has been scientifically proven to help preserve human health by protecting against major chronic and inflammatory diseases. Eating fish and seafood is very important, not only for its proven health benefits but also for its positive impact on the environment. Due to many fish and seafood significant positive effects on human health, this study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic factors associated with the consumption of fish and seafood in the population of Primorsko-goranska County in Croatia. Another aim was to determine people's attitudes, choices, and reasons for the consumption of fish and seafood. Self-reported data from 2,910 participants were used. According to the European dietary recommendations for fish consumption, the participants were divided into two groups; the very low to low fish consumption group and the moderate to high fish consumption group, in order to examine the differences in socio-demographic and lifestyle variables, and their attitudes, opinions, and reasons for fish and seafood consumption. More fish and seafood were consumed by women, the elderly, the more educated, non-smokers, and more physically active participants. Age, the highest level of education, and a diet even moderately adherent to the Mediterranean diet was found to significantly increase the likelihood of recommended fish consumption. Participants considered the best reasons to consume more fish lower prices, buy much more locally produced fishery products, and prefer to eat wild-caught fish rather than farmed fish. The study has found a slight increase in fish consumption, although still lower than the European average. It also showed significant socio-demographic associations, also the reasons and attitudes toward higher fish and seafood consumption of the Croatian population. The obtained research data are valuable for planning future public health programs in Croatia aimed at greater consumption of fish and seafood, as well as their promotion as an important part of a sustainable diet.
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Giosuè A, Calabrese I, Lupoli R, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O, Vitale M. Relations between the Consumption of Fatty or Lean Fish and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1554-1565. [PMID: 35108375 PMCID: PMC9526843 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) partly ascribed to the high content of long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFAs; however, not all fish types are equally rich in these components. To date, it is not clear whether the beneficial effects of fish consumption are shared by fatty and lean fish. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize knowledge regarding the relation between the intake of fatty fish or lean fish and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase until May 2021 for full text with a prospective design involving humans providing data for the highest compared with the lowest fish consumption categories. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using a random-effects model. Out of 1902 articles retrieved from the literature search, 19 reports met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Altogether, studies on fatty fish comprised 1,320,596 person-years of follow-up, 20,531 incident coronary heart disease (CHD) cases, 9256 incident CVD cases, and 104,763 total deaths. Studies on lean fish comprised 937,362 person-years of follow-up, 21,636 incident CHD cases, 7315 incident CVD cases, and 16,831 total deaths. An inverse association was present for fatty fish with CHD incidence (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97), CHD mortality (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.98), and total mortality (RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99). This was not the case for lean fish. The summary estimates for CVD incidence and mortality did not show significant association with both fatty fish and lean fish consumption. The study findings are innovative in highlighting that the health benefits so far linked to fish consumption are, in fact, driven by fatty fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giosuè
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lupoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Chen J, Jayachandran M, Bai W, Xu B. A critical review on the health benefits of fish consumption and its bioactive constituents. Food Chem 2022; 369:130874. [PMID: 34455321 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As one of food sources, fish provides sufficient nutrition to human. Diverse nutrients in fish make fish an important nutrient source available easily across the globe. Fish is proven to possess several health benefits, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, wound healing, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, and hepatoprotection properties. Fish proteins, such as immunoglobins, act as defense agents against viral and bacterial infections and prevent protein-calorie malnutrition. Besides, fish oil constituents, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), regulate various signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B pathway, Toll-like receptor pathway, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway, and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR) pathways. In this review, the literature about health benefits of fish consumption are accumulated from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and the mechanistic action of health benefits are summarized. Fish consumption at least twice per week as part of a healthy diet is beneficial for a healthy heart. More advances in this field could pose fish as a major nutrients source of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Programme of Food Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China.
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Impact of fish consumption on all-cause mortality in older people with and without dementia: a community-based cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3785-3794. [PMID: 35748921 PMCID: PMC9464135 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased fish consumption reduces the risk of dementia. However, it is unknown whether fish consumption reduced all-cause mortality in people with dementia. The purpose of the study is to investigate the association of fish consumption with all-cause mortality in older people with dementia versus those without dementia. METHODS Using a standard method of the Geriatric Mental State, we interviewed 4165 participants aged ≥ 60 years who were randomly recruited from five provinces in China during 2007-2009 to collect the baseline data of socio-demography, disease risk factors, histories of disease, and details of dietary intakes, and diagnosed dementia (n = 406). They were followed up for vital status until 2012. RESULTS The cohort follow-up documented 329 deaths; 61 were in participants with dementia (55.3 per 1000 person-years) and 224 were those without dementia (22.3). In all participants, the risk of all-cause mortality was reduced with fish intake at " ≥ twice a week" (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.34-0.96) and at "once a week or less" (0.79, 0.53-1.18) compared to "never eat" over the past two years. In participants without baseline dementia, the corresponding HRs for all-cause mortality were 0.57 (0.33-0.98) and 0.85 (0.55-1.31), while in participants with dementia were 1.36 (0.28-6.60) and 1.05 (0.30-3.66), respectively. CONCLUSION This study reveals that consumption of fish in older age reduced all-cause mortality in older people without dementia, but not in people with dementia. Fish intake should be increased in older people in general, prior to the development of dementia in the hope of preventing dementia and prolonging life.
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Moroney C, O’Leary F, Flood VM. The Med-NKQ: A Reliable Mediterranean Diet Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092949. [PMID: 34578825 PMCID: PMC8471340 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has significant benefits for cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet clinicians lack reliable tools to measure patient knowledge. This study aimed to develop a short tool to test knowledge of MD related to cardiac health. Themes included foods to reduce CVD risk factors, quantification of servings, and common MD dietary patterns; a maximum score of 42 was determined for correct responses. Content validity was assessed through expert consensus in a Delphi survey. A 70% level of agreement was set for each domain tested. Repeatability was assessed via a test-retest protocol in a sample with self-reported CVD, advertised through social media and administered online. Ten and six of twenty-five invited experts responded to round one and two of the Delphi survey respectively. All items achieved greater than 70% consensus. Twenty people completed the repeatability study. A paired t-test found no significant difference in mean scores between the two test periods (Test one, 28 (standard deviation (SD) 5.4). Test two 29.5, (SD 5.5), p = 0.174) and a Bland-Altman Plot indicated no bias between the two surveys. The Med-NKQ demonstrated good content validity and reliability in people with CVD, and is short and easy to administer, making it practical in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Moroney
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Fiona O’Leary
- Sydney School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Victoria M. Flood
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-9001
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The tenth anniversary as a UNESCO world cultural heritage: an unmissable opportunity to get back to the cultural roots of the Mediterranean diet. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:179-183. [PMID: 34006993 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, the Mediterranean diet was awarded the recognition of UNESCO as an Intangible Heritage of Humanity because of its complex interplay between several factors, including skills, knowledge, processing, cooking, and particularly the sharing and consumption of food. Also, the Mediterranean way of eating emphasizes local food, seasonality and biodiversity. Actually, all these aspects are almost completely neglected by the current nutrition research, which rather focuses on amount of food consumed by an individual or a given population but rarely simultaneously considers how foods are matched, whether they are locally-grown or consumed convivially. Basically, nutritional epidemiology usually ends up with classifying populations as highly or poorly adhering to a Mediterranean diet on the basis of the quantity of food consumed with poor or little knowledge on other features of this eating model. As such, this approach is likely to miss important information that could turn out to be as crucial for health as the traditional analysis of food intake. Since a global industrial food system has emerged, traditional diets are facing a global food challenge threating their own survival in the next decades. To transmit the Mediterranean heritage to future generations, it is important to get back to its roots by disentangling the complexity of this diet, which is not merely a healthful model to defeat chronic diseases and improve survival. The Mediterranean diet is a cultural heritage strictly tied to its people and territories. Nutritional epidemiology is now challenged to account for all these aspects in future health research.
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Controversies about the cardiovascular effects of OM3FA. Did inappropriate placebos skew clinical trial results? Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105368. [PMID: 33316385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several observational studies suggest that greasy fish may reduce cardiovascular risk, whose benefits have been attributed to the presence Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (OM3FA). However, there are some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have shown contradictory results concerning the cardiovascular benefits of OM3FA. Analyzing these RCTs we found that the use of olive oil in some RCTs could be responsible for contradictory results, since both. since both olive oil and OM3FA, in addition to reduce triglycerides, have anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory activities, considered important for the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. This pharmacodynamic profile may have a cardio protective effect that was confirmed by several RCTs. Therefore, olive oil seems an active substance, and its use might have reduced the differences between groups masking the efficacy of OM3FA. This inferred lack of OM3FA cardiovascular benefits due to bias induced by a "false placebo" control, raises epistemological considerations on the choice of placebos that always should be pharmacologically inert substances. More studies are necessary to clarify the real efficacy of OM3FA that is more innocuous than many medicines, but it seems useful in future RCTs the use of a truly inert substance as a placebo, as well as the outline of a semi quantitative dose-response curve suggestive of a causal nexus between active substances and their outcomes.
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Kopčeková J, Holovičová M, Gažarová M, Mrázová J, Habánová M, Mečiarová L, Bronkowska M. Association between Selected Dietary Habits and Lipid Profiles of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207605. [PMID: 33086597 PMCID: PMC7590158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the associations between selected dietary habits and lipid profiles in a group of 800 randomly selected patients hospitalized in the Nitra Cardio Center, Slovakia. Patients were aged 20–101 years (only men, the average age was 61.13 ± 10.47 years). The data necessary for the detection of dietary habits were obtained by a questionnaire method in closed-ended format. Data collection was carried out simultaneously with the somatometric and biochemical examinations of the respondents ensured by the Nitra Cardio Center. The following parameters were evaluated: total cholesterol (T-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and blood glucose. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. We detected significant differences (p < 0.05) in the influence of the number of daily meals on T-C and LDL-C, which were higher in men who consumed 1–2 meals compared with 3–4 or 5–6 meals. In the consumption of meat, eggs, and fish, there was no significant effect on the biochemical parameters of blood (p > 0.05). We recorded a significant effect (p < 0.001) on T-C and LDL-C levels between low-fat and whole-fat milk consumption. Except for the impact of fruit consumption on the HDL-C level (p < 0.001), the different frequencies of fruit consumption showed non-significant changes for the lipid profile levels. We detected a significant effect (p = 0.017) of the consumption of vegetables 1–2 times/week on LDL-C in favor of daily consumption. Our results support that monitoring the lipid profile is an important determinant in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The conducted research emphasizes the importance of diet dependence on the improvement of the quality of treatment and nutrition of people with this type of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kopčeková
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.K.); (M.H.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Mária Holovičová
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.K.); (M.H.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Martina Gažarová
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.K.); (M.H.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Jana Mrázová
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.K.); (M.H.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Marta Habánová
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.K.); (M.H.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucia Mečiarová
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.K.); (M.H.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-713-207-758
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Abstract
Although seafood is considered to be an important part of a balanced diet, many national food consumption surveys suggest that seafood is not consumed in sufficient amounts. As consumers are moving to diversify their diet from animal-based protein, it is important to understand the factors influencing consumption of marine foods. This review aims to assess the characteristics of seafood consumers as well as the influences on seafood consumption in Europe, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Systematic search strategies were used to identify relevant journal articles from three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase). Three searches were carried out and identified 4405 unique publications from which 121 met the criteria for the review process. The reviewed studies revealed that seafood consumers were more likely to be older, more affluent and more physically active and were less likely to smoke compared with non-seafood consumers. Sex and BMI did not appear to have a directional association with seafood consumption. The most commonly reported barriers to seafood consumption were cost, followed by sensory or physical barriers, health and nutritional beliefs, habits, availability and cooking skills. The most commonly reported influences were beliefs about the contribution of seafood to health, environmental influences and personal preferences. Based on the findings of this review, future intervention strategies to increase seafood consumption may need to consider affordability and education in terms of health, nutrition and cooking skills. More research is needed to explore the effectiveness of specific interventions at increasing the consumption of seafood.
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13
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Lionetti V, Tuana BS, Casieri V, Parikh M, Pierce GN. Importance of functional food compounds in cardioprotection through action on the epigenome. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:575-582. [PMID: 30325400 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food constituents can either promote cardiovascular health or serve in its demise. In view of the lack of more effective pharmacological interventions in cardiovascular disease (CVDs), attention has focused on the potential protective effects of diet. Food components and their metabolites are emerging as major regulators of the human epigenome, which is being linked to CVDs. In this review, we summarize data from studies that suggest an important role for bioactive food compounds in cardioprotection and the potential for harnessing the epigenome as a nutrient sensor target in CVDs. While clinical data strongly support a role for effective diet intervention in CVDs protection, studies linking changes to human epigenome are now warranted for mechanistic insight and development of personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana 'G. Monasterio', UOS Anesthesiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Balwant S Tuana
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Valentina Casieri
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, MB, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, MB, Winnipeg, Canada
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14
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A Pesco-Mediterranean Diet With Intermittent Fasting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:1484-1493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Zhang B, Xiong K, Cai J, Ma A. Fish Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082278. [PMID: 32751304 PMCID: PMC7468748 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on the impact of fish consumption on coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence have shown inconsistent results. In addition, in terms of CHD mortality, although previous meta-analyses showed that fish consumption reduces the risk of CHD, six newly incorporated studies show that fish consumption has no impact on CHD. Therefore, the results still need to be verified. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the impact of fish consumption on CHD incidence and mortality. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to October 2019. The multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the highest versus the lowest fish consumption categories and the 95% confidence intervals were computed with a random-effect model. A restricted cubic spline regression model was used to assess the dose–response relationship between fish consumption and CHD incidence and mortality. Forty prospective cohort studies were incorporated into research. Among them, 22 studies investigated the association between fish consumption and CHD incidence (28,261 cases and 918,783 participants), and the summary estimate showed that higher fish consumption was significantly associated with a lower CHD incidence [RR: 0.91, 95% CI: (0.84, 0.97); I2 = 47.4%]. Twenty-seven studies investigated the association between fish consumption and CHD mortality (10,568 events and 1,139,553 participants), and the summary estimate showed that higher fish intake was significantly associated with a lower CHD mortality [RR: 0.85, 95% CI: (0.77, 0.94); I2 = 51.3%]. The dose–response analysis showed that the CHD incidence and mortality were reduced by 4%, respectively, with a 20 g/day increment in fish consumption. This meta-analysis indicates that fish consumption is associated with a lower CHD incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aiguo Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-0542-2696
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16
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Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, De Curtis A, Persichillo M, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Association of a traditional Mediterranean diet and non-Mediterranean dietary scores with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: prospective findings from the Moli-sani Study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:729-746. [PMID: 32440732 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate in an Italian general population, the association with mortality of a traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) and non-Mediterranean dietary (non-MD) patterns, and their combined effect, and to test some biomarkers of cardiovascular (CVD) risk as potential mediators of such associations. METHODS Longitudinal analysis on 22,849 men and women aged ≥ 35 years, recruited in the Moli-sani Study (2005-2010), followed up for 8.2 years (median). The MD was assessed by the Mediterranean diet score (MDS). The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Palaeolithic diet, and the Nordic diet were chosen as reportedly healthy non-MD patterns. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS Participants reaching higher MDS or DASH diet score experienced lower risk of both all-cause (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.66-0.90 and 0.81; 0.69-0.96, respectively, highest vs lowest quartile) and CVD (0.77; 0.59-1.00 and 0.81; 0.69-0.96, respectively) death risk; risk reduction associated with the Palaeolithic diet was limited to total and other cause death, whereas the Nordic diet did not alter risk of mortality. Increasing adherence to MD was associated with higher survival in each stratum of non-MD diets. Biomarkers of glucose metabolism accounted for 7% and 21.6% of the association between either MDS or DASH diet, respectively, with total mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS Both the traditional MD and DASH diet may reduce risk of all-cause mortality among Italians, as well as risk of dying from cardiovascular causes. The Palaeolithic diet did not appear to reduce cardiovascular risk, while the Nordic eating pattern was unlikely to be associated with any substantial health advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | | | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Amalia De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Persichillo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100, Varese-Como, Italy
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17
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Abstract
Previous studies reported an inverse association between healthy dietary patterns (such as Mediterranean diet) and the incidence of cardiovascular events. As the mechanism accounting for cardiovascular disease is prevalently due to the atherothrombosis, where a pivotal role is played by platelet activation, it would be arguable that diets with protective effects against cardiovascular disease exert an anti-atherothrombotic effect via inhibition of platelet activation. There are several and sparse typologies of studies, which investigated if single nutrients by diets recognized as having cardiovascular protection may exert an antithrombotic effect. The most investigated nutrients are key components of the Mediterranean diets such as fruits and vegetables, fish, olive oil, and wine; other diets with protective effects include nuts and cocoa. Here we summarize experimental and human interventional studies which investigated the antithrombotic effects of such nutrients in experimental models of thrombosis or analyzed biomarkers of clotting, platelet, and fibrinolysis activation in human; furthermore in vitro studies explored the underlying mechanism at level of several cell lines such as platelets or endothelial cells. In this context, we analyzed if nutrients affect simultaneously or separately clotting, platelet, and fibrinolysis pathways giving special attention to the relationship between oxidative stress and thrombosis as most nutrients are believed to possess antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- From the Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (F.V., D.P., P.P.).,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy (F.V., P.P., R.C.)
| | - Daniele Pastori
- From the Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (F.V., D.P., P.P.)
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- From the Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (F.V., D.P., P.P.).,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy (F.V., P.P., R.C.)
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy (F.V., P.P., R.C.).,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (R.C.)
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18
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Dusanov S, Svendsen M, Ruzzin J, Kiviranta H, Gulseth HL, Klemsdal TO, Tonstad S. Effect of fatty fish or nut consumption on concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in overweight or obese men and women: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:448-458. [PMID: 32008913 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS While excess energy intake and physical inactivity constitute the obvious causes of body fat accumulation, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are novel factors that have been linked to cardiometabolic disorders. Major sources of POPs are animal fats including fatty fish. Given the putative protective effects of fish on cardiovascular disease, we explored whether high consumption of fatty fish increased serum concentrations of POPs. METHODS AND RESULTS Men and women aged 35-70 years with body mass index between 25 and 38 kg/m2 and at least 1 cardiometabolic component were randomized to high intakes of fatty fish (mostly farmed salmon, ∼630 g/week; n = 45), high intakes of nuts (∼200 g/week; n = 42) or a control group following their usual diet but restricting fatty fish and nuts for 6 months (n = 44). Concentrations of 15 POPs (5 organochlorinated compounds, 2 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and 8 non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls) and cardiometabolic risk factors were measured at baseline and end of the study. Results showed that changes in concentrations of individual and classes of POPs did not differ between the dietary groups and controls (p > 0.05). Among cardiometabolic risk factors HDL-cholesterol increased in the fatty fish group compared to controls (+0.10 mmol/L, CI (0.05-0.20); p = 0.005) while no changes were observed in the group consuming nuts. CONCLUSION Fatty fish consumption for 6 months did not increase the serum concentrations of POPs in individuals with overweight or obesity and metabolic risk. While this finding appears reassuring regarding short-term intakes of farmed salmon, long term variations in POPs in adipose stores require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Dusanov
- Section for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mette Svendsen
- Section for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
| | - Jerome Ruzzin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanne L Gulseth
- Section for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Instiute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor O Klemsdal
- Section for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Serena Tonstad
- Section for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Zhao W, Tang H, Yang X, Luo X, Wang X, Shao C, He J. Fish Consumption and Stroke Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:604-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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20
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Jayedi A, Zargar MS, Shab-Bidar S. Fish consumption and risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis suggests a regional difference. Nutr Res 2019; 62:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Camargo Novaes SS, Hellmeister Dantas FB, Alvim ID, Rauen de Oliveira Miguel AM, Dantas ST, Vercelino Alves RM. Stability of omega-3 enriched milk powder in different commercial packages stored under accelerated conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Westerberg E, Landtblom AM, Punga AR. Lifestyle factors and disease-specific differences in subgroups of Swedish Myasthenia Gravis. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 138:557-565. [PMID: 30155967 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate disease-specific differences between Myasthenia Gravis (MG) subgroups and compare patterns of lifestyle between MG patients and population controls. METHODS All MG patients (n = 70) in Jönköping County, Sweden, were invited to answer a disease-specific questionnaire, containing questions about disease-specific data, lifestyle, comorbidity, and mental fatigue. The patients were clinically evaluated. Four hundred age- and gender-matched population controls were invited to answer the nondisease-specific part of the questionnaire. Disease-specific issues were compared between MG subgroups. Lifestyle-related factors and concomitant conditions were compared to the population controls. RESULTS Forty MG patients and 188 population controls participated in the study. In the late-onset MG (LOMG; N = 18) subgroup, the male predominance was higher than previously reported. In the early-onset MG (EOMG; N = 17) subgroup, time to diagnosis was longer, fatigue was higher, and bulbar weakness was the dominant symptom (65%). Compared to their matched population controls, LOMG patients were more obese (OR = 13.7, P = 0.015), ate less fish (OR = 4.1, P = 0.012), tended to smoke more (OR = 4.1, P = 0.086), and tended to be employed as manual laborers more often (OR = 2.82, P = 0.083). Mental health problems and sickness benefits were more common among MG patients than in controls, and MG patients were less regularly doing focused physical activity. CONCLUSIONS It is important to consider disease-specific differences when tailoring the management of individual MG patients. There is a need for improved knowledge on how to apply primary and secondary prevention measures to lifestyle disorders in MG patients without risk of deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Westerberg
- Department of Neuroscience and Clinical Neurophysiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Anna Rostedt Punga
- Department of Neuroscience and Clinical Neurophysiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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23
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Qin ZZ, Xu JY, Chen GC, Ma YX, Qin LQ. Effects of fatty and lean fish intake on stroke risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:264. [PMID: 30470232 PMCID: PMC6260659 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish intake has been postulated to reduce the risk of stroke. However, whether the beneficial effect of fish are mainly linked to fat content, as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the effect of fatty and lean fish intake on stroke risk. METHODS We performed a literature search on four database (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) through February 1, 2018 to identify prospective studies of fatty and lean fish in relation to stroke risk. A random-effects model was used to calculate the summary estimates. RESULTS We identified five prospective studies, including 7 comparisons for fatty fish intake and 5 comparisons for lean fish intake. Compared with the highest category of intake with lowest category, the summary relative risk was 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74-1.04] for fatty fish intake and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.67-0.99) for lean fish intake. No heterogeneity across studies and publication bias were observed. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that fatty and lean fish intake has beneficial effects on stroke risk, especially lean fish intake. Additional prospective studies are necessary to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhen Qin
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 Hebei Province China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yu-Xia Ma
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 Hebei Province China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu Province China
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24
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Mediterranean diet and mortality in the elderly: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:841-854. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with prolonged survival in the general population, but no meta-analysis has apparently investigated the potential health benefits in relation to mortality in the elderly. We performed a longitudinal analysis on 5200 individuals aged ≥65 years identified within the general population recruited in the Moli-sani study cohort (2005–2010). Adherence to the MD was appraised by the a priori Mediterranean diet score (MDS; range 0–9). Survival estimates were derived using Cox regression and competing risk models. For the meta-analysis, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from inception until April 2018 to identify prospective studies on the MD and death risk in the elderly. Over a median follow-up of 8·1 years, a total of 900 deaths were ascertained in the elderly sub-sample of the Moli-sani cohort. A one-point increase in the MDS was associated with lower risk of all-cause, coronary artery disease/cerebrovascular and non-cardiovascular/non-cancer mortality (multi-variable hazard ratio (HR)=0·94; 95 % CI 0·90, 0·98; HR=0·91; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·99 and HR=0·89; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·96, respectively). In a meta-analysis of seven prospective studies, including our results, for a total of 11 738 participants and 3874 deaths, one-point increment in MDS was associated with 5 % (4–7 %) lower risk of all-cause death. An inverse linear dose–response relationship was found from a meta-analysis including three studies. In conclusion, a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis showed that closer adherence to the MD was associated with prolonged survival in elderly individuals, suggesting the appropriateness for older persons to adopt/preserve the MD to maximise their prospects for survival.
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25
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Okyere A, Bishoff D, Oyaro MO, Ajami NJ, Darkoh C. Analysis of Fish Commonly Sold in Local Supermarkets Reveals the Presence of Pathogenic and Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Communities. Microbiol Insights 2018; 11:1178636118786925. [PMID: 30038503 PMCID: PMC6052494 DOI: 10.1177/1178636118786925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish has been an important source of proteins, essential vitamins, and low saturated fats for centuries. However, improperly handled fish can expose consumers to infectious bacteria, including difficult to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens. With the goal to investigate the existence of disease-causing and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, we examined bacterial communities present on various types of fish purchased from supermarkets in Houston, Texas, USA. The bacterial communities were characterized by selective phenotypic culture methods, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The results revealed the presence of different bacterial communities on the fish samples examined. The bacterial communities were not significantly different between the supermarkets sampled. The following presumptive human pathogens were isolated on the fish samples: Escherichia coli (67%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (31%), Shigella and Salmonella species (28%), Listeria species (29%), and Staphylococcus aureus (28%). Drug sensitivity assays showed resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Out of a total of 99 E. coli samples tested, 41.4% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 33.3% were resistant to gentamicin. Of the total of 31 S. aureus isolates tested, 87% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 61.3% were resistant to vancomycin. Moreover, some of the E. coli strains were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and gentamicin (28%), whereas 49% of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. These results highlight the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens on fish purchased from the supermarkets and underscore the risk associated with improper handling of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ama Okyere
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dayna Bishoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Micah O Oyaro
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Darkoh
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Hengeveld LM, Praagman J, Beulens JWJ, Brouwer IA, van der Schouw YT, Sluijs I. Fish consumption and risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular mortality in a Dutch population with low fish intake. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:942-950. [PMID: 29795239 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Fish consumption of at least 1 portion/week is related to lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It is uncertain whether a less frequent intake is also beneficial and whether the type of fish matters. We investigated associations of very low intakes of total, fatty, and lean fish, compared with no fish intake, with 18-year incidences of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and CVD mortality. METHODS Data were used from 34,033 participants, aged 20-70 years, of the EPIC-Netherlands cohort. Baseline (1993-1997) fish consumption was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. We compared any fish consumption, <1 portion/week (<100 g) and ≥1 portion/week to non-fish consumption. RESULTS During 18 follow-up years, 753 stroke events, 2134 CHD events, and 540 CVD deaths occurred. Among the fish consumers (~92%) median intakes of total, lean, and fatty fish were 57.9, 32.9, and 10.7 g/week, respectively. Any fish consumption compared with non-consumption was not associated with incidences of stroke, CHD, MI, and CVD mortality. Furthermore, consumption of <1 portion/week of total, fatty, or lean fish was not associated with any CVD outcome, as compared with non-consumption. Consumption of ≥1 portion/week of lean fish (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.57-0.86) and of fatty fish (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39-1.02) were associated with lower incidence of ischaemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Baseline fish consumption of <1 portion/week, regardless of the type of fish, was unrelated to incidences of stroke, CHD, and CVD mortality in this Dutch cohort. Consumption of ≥1 portion/week of fatty or of lean fish reduced the incidence of ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Hengeveld
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Praagman
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J W J Beulens
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y T van der Schouw
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I Sluijs
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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