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Mattos Rocha Olivieri C, Aparecida Manólio Soares Freitas R, Alfredo Gomes Arêas J. Jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart.) pulp positively affects plasma and hepatic lipids and increases short-chain fatty acid production in hamsters fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113766. [PMID: 38129058 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of jatobá pulp, in its fresh (FJ) and extruded (EJ) forms, on lipid metabolism and intestinal fermentation parameters in hamsters. In a 21-day experiment, we determined the parameters of the animal lipid metabolism and colonic production of short chain fatty acids in four different groups. Control (C), fresh pulp (FJ) and extruded pulp (EJ) were fed using hypercholesterolemic diets, and the reference (R) was fed using AIN93 meal. R and C diets contained cellulose, FJ and EJ were added by jatobá pulp as a fiber source. The results showed that FJ and EJ exhibited lower levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, non-HDL-c serum levels, liver lipids, and liver weight compared to C. The EJ had higher bile acid excretion in stool than the C. EJ and FJ exhibited lower excreted fiber compared to R and C, implying greater fermentation. Furthermore, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the cecum of FJ and EJ animals exceeded that of the C. Acetic and propionic acids were more abundant in the FJ and EJ diets, with FJ producing more butyric acid than the other groups.In conclusion, jatobá pulp maintained at normal levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL-associated cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and serum triglycerides, while also reducing the accumulation of hepatic lipids. Jatobá also promoted SCFA formation and fermentation, making it a valuable ingredient for preventing chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Mattos Rocha Olivieri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | | | - José Alfredo Gomes Arêas
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
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Antioxidant Activity of Crocodile Oil ( Crocodylus siamensis) on Cognitive Function in Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040791. [PMID: 36832865 PMCID: PMC9956878 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocodile oil (CO) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidant activity and cognitive effect of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been largely reported. This work aimed to investigate the effect of CO on antioxidant activity and cognitive function in rats. Twenty-one rats were divided into three treatment groups: (1) sterile water (NS), (2) 1 mL/kg of CO (NC1), and (3) 3 mL/kg of CO (NC3). Rats underwent oral gavage once daily for 8 weeks. CO treatment decreased the triglycerides level significantly compared with that in the NS group. CO had a free radical scavenging ability greater than that of olive oil but had no effect on levels of antioxidant markers in the brain. Expression of unique proteins in the CO-treatment group were correlated with the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. Rats in the NC1 group had better memory function than rats in the NC3 group. Expression of unique proteins in the NC1 group was correlated with memory function. However, CO did not cause a decline in cognitive function in rats. CO can be an alternative dietary oil because it has a hypolipidemia effect and antioxidant activity. In addition, CO did not cause a negative effect on cognitive function.
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Fowler LA, Powers AD, Williams MB, Davis JL, Barry RJ, D’Abramo LR, Watts SA. The effects of dietary saturated fat source on weight gain and adiposity are influenced by both sex and total dietary lipid intake in zebrafish. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257914. [PMID: 34679092 PMCID: PMC8535427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of saturated fat intake on obesity and cardiovascular health remain inconclusive, likely due in part to their varied nature and interactions with other nutrients. Investigating the synergistic effects of different saturated fat sources with other dietary lipid components will help establish more accurate nutritional guidelines for dietary fat intake. Over the past two decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been established as an attractive model system to address questions regarding contributions of dietary lipid intake to diet-induced obesity in humans. The goal of the present study was to assess interactions of three different saturated fat sources (milk fat, palm oil, and coconut oil) with sex and total dietary lipid intake on weight gain and body composition in adult zebrafish. Larvae were raised on live feeds until 28 days post fertilization, and then fed a formulated maintenance diet until three months of age. An eight-week feeding trial was then initiated, in which zebrafish were fed nine experimental low- and high-fat diets varying in saturated fatty acid and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content, in addition to a low-fat and high-fat control diet. At termination of the feeding trial, each treatment was evaluated according to body mass, moisture content, and adiposity. Sex and diet significantly interacted in their effects on body mass (P = 0.026), moisture content (P = 0.044), and adiposity (P = 0.035). The influence of saturated fat source on body mass was observed to be dependent on intake of total dietary lipid. In females, all three saturated fat sources had similar effects on adiposity. From these observations, we hypothesize that impacts of saturated fat intake on energy allocation and obesity-related phenotypes are influenced by both sex and intake of other dietary lipid components. Our results suggest that current nutritional guidelines for saturated fat intake may need to be re-evaluated and take sex-specific recommendations into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Fowler
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Audrey D. Powers
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James L. Davis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Louis R. D’Abramo
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Yeh JH, Tung YT, Yeh YS, Chien YW. Effects of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on Lipid Metabolism and Body Fat Accumulation in Ovariectomized Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062022. [PMID: 34208400 PMCID: PMC8231186 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a state of excess energy storage resulting in body fat accumulation, and postmenopausal obesity is a rising issue. In this study using ovariectomized (OVX) rats, we mimicked low estrogen levels in a postmenopausal state in order to investigate the effects of different amounts and types of dietary fatty acids on body fat accumulation and body lipid metabolism. Methods: At 9 weeks of age, rats (n = 40) were given an ovariectomy, eight of which were sham-operated to serve as a control group (S). We then divided OVX rats into four different intervention groups: diet with 5% soybean oil (C), and diet with 5% (L), 15% (M), and 20% (H) (w/w) experimental oil, containing 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and with a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio of 5. Results: After OVX, compared to the S group, the C group showed significantly higher body weight, and insulin and leptin levels. Compared to the C group, the H group had lower hepatic triglyceride level and FAS enzyme activity, and higher hepatic ACO and CPT-1 gene expressions and enzyme activities. Conclusions: An OVX leads to severe weight gain and lipid metabolism abnormalities, while according to previous studies, high fat diet may worsen the situation. However, during our experiment, we discovered that the experimental oil mixture with 60% MUFAs and P/S = 5 may ameliorate these imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Han Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA;
| | - Yi-Wen Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6556); Fax: +886-2-2737-3112
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Silva FF, Balthazar DS, Hellmann T, Sales JS, Barros Silva GE, Cyrino FZGDA, Pires Costa MC, Fernandes RMT, Custódio Neto da Silva MA, Barbosa MDCL, Romão W, de Oliveira BG, Vaz BG, Bouskela E, Nascimento MDDSB. Babassu ( Attalea glassmanii Zona) Nut Oil Is More Effective than Olive Oil for Treating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:2525871. [PMID: 33029162 PMCID: PMC7528137 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2525871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western civilizations. The type of fatty acid which makes up the diet is related to the cardiovascular morbimortality and the formation of atheromas. Populations with high consumption of oils and fats have a higher number of deaths from CVD. PURPOSE In the present study, the objective was to comparatively analyze the microcirculatory effects of unrefined babassu oil with olive oil in microcirculation and liver of male hamsters of the species Mesocricetus auratus, checking the permeability to macromolecules after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) without and with topical application of histamine 5 × 10-6 M. This is an experimental study, using as model the hamster's cheek pouch, which was prepared for intravital microscopy. The hamsters were divided into seven groups and orally treated for 14 days, twice a day (at 8 AM and 4 PM), orally received treatments in the following doses: unrefined babassu oil (BO) 0.02 mL/dose (group BO-2), 0.06 mL/dose (group BO-6), and 0.18 mL/dose (BO-18 group); extra virgin olive oil (OI) 0.02 mL/dose (group OI-2), 0.06 mL/dose (group OI-6), and 0.18 mL/dose (OI-18 group); and mineral oil (MO) 0.18 mL/dose (MO-18 group). The observations were made on the 15th day on the hamsters' cheek pouch; the increase of vascular permeability induced by I/R with and without histamine application was evaluated, and in the liver the biological material was collected aseptically then fixed in 10% buffered formalin. RESULTS Microcirculatory analyses showed a significant reduction in the number of leaks after I/R with and without the topical use of histamine in animals treated with unrefined BO 0.06 mL/dose (BO-6) and 0.18 mL/dose (BO-18) compared to animals treated with OI. The BO group (p < 0.001) presented a dose-response relationship for decreasing leaks after I/R with and without topical use of histamine. Histological liver analyses showed no fat deposition changes in any of the treatment groups. Phytochemical analyses evidenced a chemical compound (C31H60NO8) in unrefined BO but not in OI. CONCLUSIONS This experiment demonstrates the protective effect of unrefined BO on the microcirculatory system and its greater dose effect than that of OI. Finding a chemical compound (C31H60NO8) that is present in BO but not in OI opens the possibility of investigating whether this chemical compound was responsible for the protective effect on membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio França Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital, Federal University of Maranhão, R. Barão de Itapary 227, Centro, 65020-070 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Daniela Signorelli Balthazar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Reitor Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha Pavilion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Térreo, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thauany Hellmann
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Silva Sales
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Bacanga University Campus, Avenida dos Portugueses s/n, Block 3, Room 3A, 65085-580 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Fátima Zely Garcia de Almeida Cyrino
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Maria Célia Pires Costa
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Raquel Maria Trindade Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biology (CECEN), State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Medicine, Medical Sciences School, State University of Campinas, Rua Vital Brazil 251, Zeferino Vaz University City, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Lacerda Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Bacanga University Campus, Avenida dos Portugueses s/n, Block 3, Room 3A, 65085-580 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES), Ministro Salgado Filho Avenue, S/No-Soteco Neighborhood, 29106-010 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gomes de Oliveira
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES), Ministro Salgado Filho Avenue, S/No-Soteco Neighborhood, 29106-010 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES), Ministro Salgado Filho Avenue, S/No-Soteco Neighborhood, 29106-010 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Reitor Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha Pavilion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Térreo, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Bacanga University Campus, Avenida dos Portugueses s/n, Block 3, Room 3A, 65085-580 São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Fowler LA, Dennis-Cornelius LN, Dawson JA, Barry RJ, Davis JL, Powell ML, Yuan Y, Williams MB, Makowsky R, D'Abramo LR, Watts SA. Both Dietary Ratio of n-6 to n-3 Fatty Acids and Total Dietary Lipid Are Positively Associated with Adiposity and Reproductive Health in Zebrafish. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa034. [PMID: 32258992 PMCID: PMC7108797 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversial findings have been reported in human and animal studies regarding the influence of n-6 (ω-6) to n-3 (ω-3) fatty acid ratios on obesity and health. Two confounding factors may be related to interactions with other dietary lipid components or sex-specific differences in fatty acid metabolism. OBJECTIVE This study investigated main and interactive effects of total dietary lipid, ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, and sex on growth, adiposity, and reproductive health in wild-type zebrafish. METHODS Male and female zebrafish (3 wk old) were fed 9 diets consisting of 3 ratios of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (1.4:1, 5:1, and 9.5:1) varied within 3 total lipid amounts (80, 110, and 140 g/kg) for 16 wk. Data were then collected on growth, body composition (determined by chemical carcass analysis), and female reproductive success (n = 32 breeding events/diet over 4 wk). Main and interactive effects of dietary lipid and sex were evaluated with regression methods. Significant differences within each dietary lipid component were relative to the intercept/reference group (80 g/kg and 1.4:1 ratio). RESULTS Dietary lipid and sex interacted in their effects on body weight (P = 0.015), total body length (P = 0.003), and total lipid mass (P = 0.029); thus, these analyses were stratified by sex. Female spawning success decreased as dietary total lipid and fatty acid ratio increased (P = 0.030 and P = 0.026, respectively). While total egg production was not associated with either dietary lipid component, females fed the 5:1 ratio produced higher proportions of viable embryos compared with the 1.4:1 ratio [median (95% CI): 0.915 (0.863, 0.956) vs 0.819 (0.716, 0.876); P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Further characterization of dietary lipid requirements will help define healthy balances of dietary lipid, while the sex-specific responses to dietary lipid identified in this study may partially explain sex disparities in the development of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Fowler
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - John A Dawson
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James L Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mickie L Powell
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Louis R D'Abramo
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Moura AMAD, Santos CDP, Cordido KAAT, Glória LS, Weigel RA, Melo TV. Types of sterilization in feed containing different lipidic sources for golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v21e-50426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The Golden hamster has been gaining significance as a new experimental biomodel, finding use as a reliable diagnostic tool in biomedical research and for zoonosis. Authentic data in terms of digestibility, interactions among raw materials and essential nutrients, besides the influence exerted by various sterilization processes on animal behavior remain unclear. We aimed to assess the influence of sterilization, via autoclaving and irradiation, of pellet feeds prepared using salmon or linseed oil on the digestibility and plasma biochemical parameters in Golden hamsters. Randomized evaluations were conducted on 36 adult male Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), distributed in six treatments and six replications, namely: common salmon oil; radiated salmon; autoclaved salmon; common linseed oil; radiated linseed and autoclaved linseed. A remarkable effect of the sterilization was evident on the digestibility and protein solubility of the feed, which was lower for autoclaved diets. There was also a significant effect on blood parameters. Animals fed diets containing linseed oil showed lower blood glucose compared to the others. Thus, the inference reached was that while salmon and linseed oil can be used in laboratory hamster feeds, autoclaving disturbs the nutritional quality of the rations.
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Nickles KR, Hamer L, Coleman DN, Relling AE. Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in late gestation in ewes changes adipose tissue gene expression in the ewe and growth and plasma concentration of ghrelin in the offspring1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2631-2643. [PMID: 31073599 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long chain fatty acids have a positive impact on production. When consumed during late gestation, it might have fetal programming effects on the fetus, which will have lifelong impacts on development and production. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diet of ewes in the last third of gestation on their body weight (BW), subcutaneous adipose tissue relative mRNA abundance of genes associated with adipose tissue metabolism, and growth performance and plasma metabolites and hormones of their offspring during the finishing phase. Ewes (n = 72) were blocked by BW and allotted to pens (8 per treatment) with 3 ewes per pen. Ewes were supplemented with an EPA and DHA source (Strata G113) at concentrations of 0, 1, or 2% of dry matter intake during the last 50 d of gestation. At lambing, all ewes were penned together and offered the same diet. After weaning at 60 d of age, lambs were blocked by BW and sex and fed for 56 d. All lambs were fed the same pellet diet (61.09% ground corn, 24.08% soy hulls, 11.09% soybean meal, 1.48% Ca salt of palm oil, and 2.26% mixed mineral vitamin), and were weighed every 14 d until the end of the trial. Blood samples were collected on the weight sampling days. Dry matter intake and refusals were weighed daily. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). Polynomial contrast (linear-L and quadratic-Q) was used for mean separation. There were no differences in ewe body condition score, milk production, milk fat, or milk protein, but there was a trend for increased (L, P = 0.06) lactose concentration, and also differences in DGAT1 (L, P = 0.04), Δ5-desaturase (Q, P = 0.06) and Δ6-desaturase (Q, P = 0.07), PPARα (Q, P = 0.03), ELOVL2 and 5 (Q, P < 0.07), FABP4 (Q, P = 0.04), FATP1 (Q, P = 0.06), leptin (Q, P = 0.02), and resistin (L, P = 0.05). Feeding pregnant ewes an increased amount of EPA and DHA in late gestation increased final BW (L, P = 0.01), ADG (L, P = 0.04; Q, P = 0.01), DMI (Q, P ≤ 0.01), plasma glucose concentration (L, P = 0.04), and trended to decrease ghrelin concentrations (L, P = 0.07) in offspring during the finishing period. Dam supplementation did not affect G:F, nor plasma NEFA concentration (P ≥ 0.53) of lambs. Therefore, increasing supplementation of EPA and DHA in pregnant ewes has an impact on offspring performance, increasing DMI, ADG, and BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten R Nickles
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Lauren Hamer
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
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Wang L, Yang X, Zhu Y, Zhan S, Chao Z, Zhong T, Guo J, Wang Y, Li L, Zhang H. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs of Brown to White Adipose Tissue Transformation in Goats. Cells 2019; 8:E904. [PMID: 31443273 PMCID: PMC6721666 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the thermogenesis and energy storage of brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, knowledge of the cellular transition from BAT to white adipose tissue (WAT) and the potential role of lncRNAs in goat adipose tissue remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the transformation from BAT to WAT using histological and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene analyses. Brown adipose tissue mainly existed within the goat perirenal fat at 1 day and there was obviously a transition from BAT to WAT from 1 day to 1 year. The RNA libraries constructed from the perirenal adipose tissues of 1 day, 30 days, and 1 year goats were sequenced. A total number of 21,232 lncRNAs from perirenal fat were identified, including 5393 intronic-lncRNAs and 3546 antisense-lncRNAs. Furthermore, a total of 548 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected across three stages (fold change ≥ 2.0, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), and six lncRNAs were validated by qPCR. Furthermore, trans analysis found lncRNAs that were transcribed close to 890 protein-coding genes. Additionally, a coexpression network suggested that 4519 lncRNAs and 5212 mRNAs were potentially in trans-regulatory relationships (r > 0.95 or r < -0.95). In addition, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that the targeted genes were involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid elongation and metabolism, the citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. The present study provides a comprehensive catalog of lncRNAs involved in the transformation from BAT to WAT and provides insight into understanding the role of lncRNAs in goat brown adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuehua Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Chao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, Hainan, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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High Fat Diet with a High Monounsaturated Fatty Acid and Polyunsaturated/Saturated Fatty Acid Ratio Suppresses Body Fat Accumulation and Weight Gain in Obese Hamsters. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101148. [PMID: 29048361 PMCID: PMC5691764 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high fat diet with experimental oil consisting of 60% MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids) with a P/S ratio of 5 on fat deposition and lipid metabolism in obese hamsters. Hamsters were randomly assigned to a control group and a diet-induced obesity group for nine weeks. Then an additional eight-week experimental period began, during which obese hamsters were randomly divided into three groups and fed different amounts of the experimental oil mixture in their diets as follows: 5%, 15%, and 20% w/w (OB-M5, OB-M15, and OB-M20 groups, respectively). The results showed that the OB-M15 and OB-M20 groups had significantly lower blood cholesterol and higher insulin levels. Compared to the control group, the three obese groups exhibited higher hepatic fatty acid synthase activity; however, the acyl-CoA oxidase activities were also enhanced. Although dietary fat content differed, there were no differences in energy intake, final body weights, and epididymal fat weights among the four groups. These results suggest that regardless of whether the specimens had a high fat intake or not, dietary fat containing high MUFAs with a high P/S ratio had beneficial effects on maintaining blood lipid profiles and may not result in body fat accumulation in obese hamsters, possibly by promoting lipolytic enzyme activities.
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11
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Zhou S, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Sun X, Yu LL. Dietary Intake of Structured Lipids with Different Contents of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Obesity Prevention in C57BL/6J Mice. J Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Zhou
- Inst. of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqiang Wang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200137 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanrong Jiang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200137 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfei Zhang
- Inst. of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Inst. of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science; Univ. of Maryland; College Park Md. 20742 U.S.A
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