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Wang N, Hong B, Zhao Y, Ding C, Chai G, Wang Y, Yang J, Zhang L, Yu W, Lu Y, Ma S, Zhang S, Liu X. Dopamine-grafted oxidized hyaluronic acid/gelatin/cordycepin nanofiber membranes modulate the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway to promote diabetic wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130079. [PMID: 38340939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Due to impaired immune function, diabetic wounds are highly susceptible to the development of excessive inflammatory responses and prolonged recurrent bacterial infections that impede diabetic wound healing. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop a wound dressing that controls bacterial infection and inhibits excessive inflammatory response. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was modified using dopamine (DA). Subsequently, cordycepin (COR) was loaded into dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (OHDA)/gelatin (GEL) nanofiber wound dressing by electrostatic spinning technique. The constructed COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membrane has good thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and air permeability. In vitro experiments showed that the obtained COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membranes had good antimicrobial efficacy (S. aureus: 95.60 ± 0.99 %, E. coli: 71.17 ± 6.87 %), antioxidant activity (>90 %), and biocompatibility. In vivo experiments showed that COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membranes could promote wound tissue remodeling, collagen deposition, and granulation tissue regeneration. Western blot experiments showed that COR/OHDA/GEL nanofibrous membranes could inhibit the excessive inflammatory response of wounds through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membranes could promote diabetic wound healing by modulating the inflammatory response. The results showed that the designed nanofiber wound dressing is expected to provide a new strategy for treating chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bo Hong
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250299, China
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guodong Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China.
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Vu TX, Tran TB, Vu HH, Le YTH, Nguyen PH, Do TT, Nguyen TH, Tran VT. Ethanolic extract from fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris HL8 exhibits cytotoxic activities against cancer cells, skin pathogenic yeasts, and postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:97. [PMID: 38349544 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a well-known medicinal mushroom in Asian countries. This edible fungus has been widely exploited for traditional medicine and functional food production. C. militaris is a heterothallic fungus that requires both the mating-type loci, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, for fruiting body formation. However, recent studies also indicated two groups of C. militaris, including monokaryotic strains carrying only MAT1-1 in their genomes and heterokaryotic strains harboring both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. These strain groups are able to produce fruiting bodies under suitable cultivating conditions. In previous work, we showed that monokaryotic strains are more stable than heterokaryotic strains in fruiting body formation through successive culturing generations. In this study, we report a high cordycepin-producing monokaryotic C. militaris strain (HL8) collected in Vietnam. This strain could form normal fruiting bodies with high biological efficiency and contain a cordycepin content of 14.43 mg/g lyophilized fruiting body biomass. The ethanol extraction of the HL8 fruiting bodies resulted in a crude extract with a cordycepin content of 69.15 mg/g. Assays of cytotoxic activity on six human cancer cell lines showed that the extract inhibited the growth of all these cell lines with the IC50 values of 6.41-11.51 µg/mL. Notably, the extract significantly reduced cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the extract also exhibited strong antifungal activity against Malassezia skin yeasts and the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum. Our work provides a promising monokaryotic C. militaris strain as a bioresource for medicine, cosmetics, and fruit preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xuan Vu
- Center for Experimental Biology, National Center for Technological Progress, Ministry of Science and Technology, C6 Thanh Xuan Bac, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tram Bao Tran
- Center for Experimental Biology, National Center for Technological Progress, Ministry of Science and Technology, C6 Thanh Xuan Bac, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Ha Vu
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yen Thi Hoang Le
- Center for Experimental Biology, National Center for Technological Progress, Ministry of Science and Technology, C6 Thanh Xuan Bac, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phu Hung Nguyen
- Center of Interdisciplinary Science and Education, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
| | - Thao Thi Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thu-Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang, North Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van-Tuan Tran
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Frazaei MH, Nouri R, Arefnezhad R, Pour PM, Naseri M, Assar S. A Review of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals for the Management of Gout. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:223-240. [PMID: 37828678 DOI: 10.2174/0115733971268037230920072503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Gout, characterized by elevated uric acid levels, is a common inflammatory joint disease associated with pain, joint swelling, and bone erosion. Existing treatments for gout often result in undesirable side effects, highlighting the need for new, safe, and cost-effective anti-gout drugs. Natural products, including medicinal plants and phytochemicals, have gained attention as potential sources of anti-gout compounds. In this review, we examined articles from 2000 to 2020 using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on the effectiveness of medicinal plants and phyto-chemicals in managing gout. Our findings identified 14 plants and nine phytochemicals with anti-gout properties. Notably, Teucrium polium, Prunus avium, Smilax riparia, Rhus coriaria, Foenic-ulum vulgare, Allium cepa, Camellia japonica, and Helianthus annuus exhibited the highest xa-thine oxidase inhibitory activity, attributed to their unique natural bioactive compounds such as phenolics, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Herbal plants and their phytochemicals have demonstrated promising effects in reducing serum urate and inhibiting xanthine. This review aims to report recent studies on plants/phytochemicals derived from herbs beneficial in gout and their different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Frazaei
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Nouri
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Anatomical Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pardis Mohammadi Pour
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Naseri
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shirin Assar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Borde M, Singh SK. Enhanced production of cordycepin under solid-state fermentation of Cordyceps militaris by using combinations of grains/substrates. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2765-2772. [PMID: 37930616 PMCID: PMC10689326 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript deals with cordycepin, an interesting secondary compound produced from entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps. It has attracted commercial interest due to its immense pharmacological importance beneficial to human health. In this study, the contents of cordycepin and its derivatives, like adenine and adenosine, were evaluated through solid-state fermentation using combinations of various grains as substrate. Treatment with grain combination numbers 2, 7, 8, and 9 exhibited higher cordycepin content (1.621, 1.929, 1.895, and 1.996 mg/g cordycepin, respectively) than control (rice). The grain combination number 7 exhibited significantly higher adenine content (700 mg/g) than the control and all other combinations. Treatments with grain combination numbers 2, 5, and 7 exhibited higher adenosine content (2.719, 2.938, and 3.392 mg/g, respectively); however, no significant increase in adenosine content was noted in any treatments. The biomass including fresh mycelium and fruit body was found higher in grain combination numbers 7 and 9, leading to enhanced cordycepin content. Overall, the increase in the fresh biomass significantly enhanced cordycepin accumulation. The level of cordycepin was recorded as higher than that of its derivatives, adenosine and adenine. The grain combination of rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, and sugarcane bagasse added to basal medium exhibited the highest cordycepin content and was found suitable for solid-state fermentation of Cordyceps militaris. To our understanding, the present study is the first to use combinations of cereals for the production of cordycepin from C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Borde
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India, Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411004, India.
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Krishna KV, Ulhas RS, Malaviya A. Bioactive compounds from Cordyceps and their therapeutic potential. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37518188 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2231139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The Clavicipitaceae family's largest and most diverse genus is Cordyceps. They are most abundant and diverse in humid temperate and tropical forests and have a wide distribution in: Europe, North America, and East and Southeast Asian countries, particularly: Bhutan, China, Japan, Nepal, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Tibet, and the Himalayan region of India, and Sikkim. It is a well-known parasitic fungus that feeds on insects and other arthropods belonging to 10 different orders. Over 200 bioactive metabolites, that include: nucleotides and nucleosides, polysaccharides, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, sterols, and fatty acids, among others have been extracted from Cordyceps spp. demonstrating the phytochemical richness of this genus. These components have been associated with a variety of pharmacological effects, including: anti-microbial, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. In this paper, the bioactivity of various classes of metabolites produced by Cordyceps spp., and their therapeutic properties have been reviewed in an attempt to update the existing literature. Furthermore, one of its nucleoside and a key bioactive compound, cordycepin has been critically elaborated with regard to its biosynthesis pathway and the recently proposed protector-protégé mechanism as well as various biological and pharmacological effects, such as: suppression of purine and nucleic acid biosynthesis, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation with their mechanism of action. This review provides current knowledge on the bioactive potential of Cordyceps spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapalli Vamsi Krishna
- Applied and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Christ (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rutwick Surya Ulhas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Jena (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena), Jena, Germany
| | - Alok Malaviya
- Applied and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Christ (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Division of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
- QuaLife Biotech Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India
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Shaik RA, F. F. Alotaibi M, Nasrullah MZ, Alrabia MW, Asfour HZ, Abdel-Naim AB. Cordycepin- Melittin nanoconjugate intensifies wound healing efficacy in diabetic rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:736-745. [PMID: 37181143 PMCID: PMC10172630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to develop a nanoconjugate of cordycepin-melittin (COR-MEL) and assess its healing property in wounded diabetic rats. The prepared nanoconjugate has a particle size of 253.5 ± 17.4 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.35 ± 0.04 and zeta potential of 17.2 ± 0.3 mV. To establish the wound healing property of the COR-MEL nanoconjugate, animal studies were pursued, where the animals with diabetes were exposed to excision and treated with COR hydrogel, MEL hydrogel, or COR-MEL nanoconjugate topically. The study demonstrated an accelerated wound contraction in COR-MEL nanoconjugate -treated diabetic rats, which was further validated by histological analysis. The nanoconjugate further exhibited antioxidant activities by inhibiting the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and exhaustion of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymatic activities. The nanoconjugate further demonstrated an enhanced anti-inflammatory activity by retarding the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Additionally, the nanoconjugate exhibits a strong expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFR)-β, indicating enrichment of proliferation. Likewise, nanoconjugate increased the concentration of hydroxyproline as well as the mRNA expression of collagen, type I, alpha 1 (Col 1A1). Thus, it is concluded that the nanoconjugate possesses a potent wound-healing activity in diabetic rats via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenetic mechanisms.
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Chai X, Pan M, Wang J, Feng M, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y. Cordycepin exhibits anti-fatigue effect via activating TIGAR/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tung KL, Wu SZ, Yang CC, Chang HY, Chang CS, Wang YH, Huang BM, Lan YY. Cordycepin Induces Apoptosis through JNK-Mediated Caspase Activation in Human OEC-M1 Oral Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:1842363. [PMID: 38023774 PMCID: PMC10667060 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1842363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin, a bioactive compound extracted from Cordyceps sinensis, can induce apoptosis in human OEC-M1 oral cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of cordycepin-induced apoptosis in OEC-M1 cells. Following treatment with cordycepin, apoptosis was examined and quantified using a DNA laddering assay and a cytokeratin 18 fragment enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by the western blot analysis. Our results show that a pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, could significantly inhibit cordycepin-induced apoptosis in OEC-M1 cells. In addition, treatment with cordycepin not only activated caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 but also induced Bid and poly ADP-ribose polymerase cleavages. Furthermore, cordycepin also induced the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38 MAPKs. Among MAPKs, activation of JNK solely contributed to cordycepin-induced apoptosis with the activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that cordycepin activated JNK and caspase pathways to induce apoptosis in OEC-M1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Lung Tung
- Department of Oral Hygiene, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuan Yang
- Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hsiung Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yan Lan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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Jin YT, Qi YQ, Jin M, Sun JF, Diao SB, Zhou W, Zhao LX, Li G. Synthesis, antitumor and antibacterial activities of cordycepin derivatives. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:849-859. [PMID: 34657548 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1982907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Twelve novel cordycepin derivatives were designed and synthesized with modification at positions of 2', 5'-hydroxyl and N6 amino groups of cordycepin. The results showed that the inhibitory activities of 3, 4b, 6c and 6d on A549 were comparable to the positive control gefitinib, and the inhibitory activity of 6a on A549 was better than that of gefitinib. Also, the inhibitory activities of twelve cordycepin derivatives against E. coli 1924, S. aureus 4220 and S. mutans 3289 were studied. Among them, 4b showed certain inhibitory on S. mutans 3289, while 6b showed certain inhibition on S. aureus 4220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Mei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Sheng-Bao Diao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Long-Xuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Gao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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Wang L, Yan H, Zeng B, Hu Z. Research Progress on Cordycepin Synthesis and Methods for Enhancement of Cordycepin Production in Cordyceps militaris. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020069. [PMID: 35200422 PMCID: PMC8869658 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
C. militaris is an insect-born fungus that belongs to Ascomycota and Cordyceps. It has a variety of biological activities that can be applied in medicine, health-care products, cosmeceuticals and other fields. Cordycepin (COR) is one of the major bioactive components identified from C. militaris. Thus, C. militaris and COR have attracted extensive attention. In this study, chemical synthetic methods and the biosynthesis pathway of COR were reviewed. As commercially COR was mainly isolated from C. militaris fermentation, the optimizations for liquid and solid fermentation and genetic modifications of C. militaris to increase COR content were also summarized. Moreover, the research progress of genetic modifications of C. militaris and methods for separation and purification COR were introduced. Finally, the existing problems and future research direction of C. militaris were discussed. This study provides a reference for the production of COR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (L.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Huanhuan Yan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (L.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (L.W.); (H.Y.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (Z.H.); Tel.: +86-13755679856 (B.Z.); +86-15797865372 (Z.H.)
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (L.W.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (Z.H.); Tel.: +86-13755679856 (B.Z.); +86-15797865372 (Z.H.)
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Phull AR, Ahmed M, Park HJ. Cordyceps militaris as a Bio Functional Food Source: Pharmacological Potential, Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Related Molecular Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020405. [PMID: 35208860 PMCID: PMC8875674 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a medicinal mushroom possessing a variety of biofunctionalities. It has several biologically important components such as polysaccharides and others. The diverse pharmacological potential of C. militaris has generated interest in reviewing the current scientific literature, with a particular focus on prevention and associated molecular mechanisms in inflammatory diseases. Due to rising global demand, research on C. militaris has continued to increase in recent years. C. militaris has shown the potential for inhibiting inflammation-related events, both in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Inflammation is a multifaceted biological process that contributes to the development and severity of diseases, including cancer, colitis, and allergies. These functions make C. militaris a suitable functional food for inhibiting inflammatory responses such as the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, on the basis of existing information, the current study provides insights towards the understanding of anti-inflammatory activity-related mechanisms. This article presents a foundation for clinical use, and analyzes the roadmap for future studies concerning the medical use of C. militaris and its constituents in the next generation of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rehman Phull
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Du K, Zheng X, Lv J, Zhong X, Wei M, Liu M. Cordycepin exacerbates cadmium-induced neurotoxicity via promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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13
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Prospects of Cordycepin and Polysaccharides Produced by Cordyceps. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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SHARMA SHIVANI, MADAAN KASHISH, KAUR RAVNEET. Cordycepin: A hidden metabolite with pharmacological potential. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:1-20. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Yap KM, Sekar M, Fuloria S, Wu YS, Gan SH, Mat Rani NNI, Subramaniyan V, Kokare C, Lum PT, Begum MY, Mani S, Meenakshi DU, Sathasivam KV, Fuloria NK. Drug Delivery of Natural Products Through Nanocarriers for Effective Breast Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7891-7941. [PMID: 34880614 PMCID: PMC8648329 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s328135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (BC), it remains a global health issue affecting millions of women annually. Poor prognosis in BC patients is often linked to drug resistance as well as the lack of effective therapeutic options for metastatic and triple-negative BC. In response to these unmet needs, extensive research efforts have been devoted to exploring the anti-BC potentials of natural products owing to their multi-target mechanisms of action and good safety profiles. Various medicinal plant extracts/essential oils and natural bioactive compounds have demonstrated anti-cancer activities in preclinical BC models. Despite the promising preclinical results, however, the clinical translation of natural products has often been hindered by their poor stability, aqueous solubility and bioavailability. There have been attempts to overcome these limitations, particularly via the use of nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs). This review highlights the tumour targeting mechanisms of NDDSs, the advantages and disadvantages of the major classes of NDDSs and their current clinical status in BC treatment. Besides, it also discusses the proposed anti-BC mechanisms and nanoformulations of nine medicinal plants' extracts/essential oils and nine natural bioactive compounds; selected via the screening of various scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, based on the following keywords: "Natural Product AND Nanoparticle AND Breast Cancer". Overall, these nanoformulations exhibit improved anti-cancer efficacy against preclinical BC models, with some demonstrating biocompatibility with normal cell lines and mouse models. Further clinical studies are, however, warranted to ascertain their efficacy and biocompatibility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Min Yap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | | | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | | | - Chandrakant Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune, 411041, India
| | - Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - M Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Asir-Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankar Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, Karnataka, 571418, India
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16
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Jędrejko KJ, Lazur J, Muszyńska B. Cordyceps militaris: An Overview of Its Chemical Constituents in Relation to Biological Activity. Foods 2021; 10:2634. [PMID: 34828915 PMCID: PMC8622900 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps spp. mushrooms have a long tradition of use as a natural raw material in Asian ethnomedicine because of their adaptogenic, tonic effects and their ability to reduce fatigue and stimulate the immune system in humans. This review aims to present the chemical composition and medicinal properties of Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies and mycelium, as well as mycelium from in vitro cultures. The analytical results of the composition of C. militaris grown in culture media show the bioactive components such as cordycepin, polysaccharides, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), ergothioneine and others described in the review. To summarize, based on the presence of several bioactive compounds that contribute to biological activity, C. militaris mushrooms definitely deserve to be considered as functional foods and also have great potential for medicinal use. Recent scientific reports indicate the potential of cordycepin in antiviral activity, particularly against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30–688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.J.); (J.L.)
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17
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Radhi M, Ashraf S, Lawrence S, Tranholm AA, Wellham PAD, Hafeez A, Khamis AS, Thomas R, McWilliams D, de Moor CH. A Systematic Review of the Biological Effects of Cordycepin. Molecules 2021; 26:5886. [PMID: 34641429 PMCID: PMC8510467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of cordycepin on cell survival and proliferation, inflammation, signal transduction and animal models. A total of 1204 publications on cordycepin were found by the cut-off date of 1 February 2021. After application of the exclusion criteria, 791 papers remained. These were read and data on the chosen subjects were extracted. We found 192 papers on the effects of cordycepin on cell survival and proliferation and calculated a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 135 µM. Cordycepin consistently repressed cell migration (26 papers) and cellular inflammation (53 papers). Evaluation of 76 papers on signal transduction indicated consistently reduced PI3K/mTOR/AKT and ERK signalling and activation of AMPK. In contrast, the effects of cordycepin on the p38 and Jun kinases were variable, as were the effects on cell cycle arrest (53 papers), suggesting these are cell-specific responses. The examination of 150 animal studies indicated that purified cordycepin has many potential therapeutic effects, including the reduction of tumour growth (37 papers), repression of pain and inflammation (9 papers), protecting brain function (11 papers), improvement of respiratory and cardiac conditions (8 and 19 papers) and amelioration of metabolic disorders (8 papers). Nearly all these data are consistent with cordycepin mediating its therapeutic effects through activating AMPK, inhibiting PI3K/mTOR/AKT and repressing the inflammatory response. We conclude that cordycepin has excellent potential as a lead for drug development, especially for age-related diseases. In addition, we discuss the remaining issues around the mechanism of action, toxicity and biodistribution of cordycepin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masar Radhi
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.R.); (A.A.T.); (D.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Sadaf Ashraf
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Steven Lawrence
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Asta Arendt Tranholm
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.R.); (A.A.T.); (D.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Peter Arthur David Wellham
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Ammar Sabah Khamis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Robert Thomas
- The Primrose Oncology Unit, Bedford Hospital NHS Trust, Bedford MK42 9DJ, UK;
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel McWilliams
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.R.); (A.A.T.); (D.M.)
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Cornelia Huiberdina de Moor
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.R.); (A.A.T.); (D.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
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18
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SRISUKSAI K, PARUNYAKUL K, PHAONAKROP N, ROYTAKUL S, FUNGFUANG W. The effect of cordycepin on brain oxidative stress and protein expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1425-1434. [PMID: 34334512 PMCID: PMC8498841 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by metabolic disorders and psychological deficits, including cognitive decline. Here, we investigated the effect of cordycepin on oxidative stress and protein expression in the brains of diabetic mice. Twenty-four mice were divided into four groups, one comprising untreated healthy mice (N); one comprising healthy mice treated with cordycepin (24 mg/kg body weight) (N+Cor); one comprising untreated DM mice; and one comprising DM mice treated with cordycepin (24 mg/kg body weight) (DM+Cor). After 14 days of treatment, cognitive behavior was assessed using the novel object recognition (NOR) test. The brain levels of oxidative stress markers (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were examined using the respective detection kits. Protein expression in brain tissues was assessed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); the functions of the identified proteins were annotated by PANTHER, while major protein-protein interactions were assessed using STITCH. We found that cordycepin treatment significantly decreased body weight and food and water intake in the DM+Cor group compared with that in the DM group; however, no differences in blood glucose levels were found between the two groups. Cordycepin treatment significantly reversed cognitive decline in diabetic mice in the NOR test and ameliorated antioxidant defenses. Additionally, we identified ULK1 isoform 2, a protein associated with cognitive function via the activated AMPK and autophagic pathways, as being uniquely expressed in the DM+Cor group. Our findings provide novel insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying how cordycepin improves cognitive decline in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittika SRISUKSAI
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kongphop PARUNYAKUL
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Narumon PHAONAKROP
- Functional Ingredient and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology
Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk ROYTAKUL
- Functional Ingredient and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology
Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wirasak FUNGFUANG
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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19
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Metabolic impacts of cordycepin on hepatic proteomic expression in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256140. [PMID: 34388207 PMCID: PMC8363009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with abnormal liver function, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Cordycepin improves hepatic metabolic pathways leading to recovery from liver damage. We investigated the effects of cordycepin in streptozotocin-induced T1DM mice via the expression of liver proteins. Twenty-four mice were divided into four equal groups: normal (N), normal mice treated with cordycepin (N+COR), diabetic mice (DM), and diabetic mice treated with cordycepin (DM+COR). Mice in each treatment group were intraperitoneally injection of cordycepin at dose 24 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Body weight, blood glucose, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were measured. Liver tissue protein profiling was performed using shotgun proteomics, while protein function and protein-protein interaction were predicted using PANTHER and STITCH v.5.0 software, respectively. No significant difference was observed in fasting blood glucose levels between DM and DM+COR for all time intervals. However, a significant decrease in final body weight, food intake, and water intake in DM+COR was found. Hepatic oxaloacetate and citrate levels were significantly increased in DM+COR compared to DM. Furthermore, 11 and 36 proteins were only expressed by the N+COR and DM+COR groups, respectively. Three unique proteins in DM+COR, namely, Nfat3, Flcn, and Psma3 were correlated with the production of ATP, AMPK signaling pathway, and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), respectively. Interestingly, a protein detected in N+COR and DM+COR (Gli3) was linked with the insulin signaling pathway. In conclusion, cordycepin might help in preventing hepatic metabolism by regulating the expression of energy-related protein and UPS to maintain cell survival. Further work on predicting the performance of metabolic mechanisms regarding the therapeutic applications of cordycepin will be performed in future.
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20
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Sun J, Ren J, Hu X, Hou Y, Yang Y. Therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts on diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111977. [PMID: 34364042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and changes in the environment, the incidence of diabetes has increased rapidly. It has gradually become one of the main diseases threatening the health and life of modern people, bringing a great burden to the society. Although the existing treatment methods can effectively control the symptoms of diabetes and delay its progression, they have not brought satisfactory improvement in the quality of life and treatment of patients. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts combine thousands of years of experience and the scientific basis provided by modern experimental research, which is expected to bring a qualitative leap in the clinical management of diabetes. Therefore, this article systematically reviews studies on the effects of Chinese herbal medicine and its extracts on diabetes and its complications, and aims to bring new ideas and options for the clinical treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangong Ren
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xuejian Hu
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanhua Hou
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
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21
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Lan T, Yu Y, Zhang J, Li H, Weng Q, Jiang S, Tian S, Xu T, Hu S, Yang G, Zhang Y, Wang W, Wang L, Zhu Q, Rong X, Guo J. Cordycepin Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Activation of the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. Hepatology 2021; 74:686-703. [PMID: 33576035 PMCID: PMC8457150 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become a major cause of liver transplantation and liver-associated death. NASH is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and different degrees of fibrosis. However, there is no US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication to treat this devastating disease. Therapeutic activators of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been proposed as a potential treatment for metabolic diseases such as NASH. Cordycepin, a natural product isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaris, has recently emerged as a promising drug candidate for metabolic diseases. APPROACH AND RESULTS We evaluated the effects of cordycepin on lipid storage in hepatocytes, inflammation, and fibrosis development in mice with NASH. Cordycepin attenuated lipid accumulation, inflammation, and lipotoxicity in hepatocytes subjected to metabolic stress. In addition, cordycepin treatment significantly and dose-dependently decreased the elevated levels of serum aminotransferases in mice with diet-induced NASH. Furthermore, cordycepin treatment significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatic fibrosis in mice. In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies revealed that a key mechanism linking the protective effects of cordycepin were AMPK phosphorylation-dependent, as indicated by the finding that treatment with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C abrogated cordycepin-induced hepatoprotection in hepatocytes and mice with NASH. CONCLUSION Cordycepin exerts significant protective effects against hepatic steatosis, inflammation, liver injury, and fibrosis in mice under metabolic stress through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. Cordycepin might be an AMPK activator that can be used for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haonan Li
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiqing Weng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuo Jiang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Song Tian
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tonghao Xu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Sha Hu
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guizhi Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qing Zhu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DisorderMinistry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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22
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Wei P, Wang K, Luo C, Huang Y, Misilimu D, Wen H, Jin P, Li C, Gong Y, Gao Y. Cordycepin confers long-term neuroprotection via inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:137. [PMID: 34130727 PMCID: PMC8207641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The secondary injury caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially white matter injury (WMI), is highly sensitive to neuroinflammation, which further leads to unfavored long-term outcomes. Although the cross-talk between the three active events, immune cell infiltration, BBB breakdown, and proinflammatory microglial/macrophage polarization, plays a role in the vicious cycle, its mechanisms are not fully understood. It has been reported that cordycepin, an extract from Cordyceps militaris, can inhibit TBI-induced neuroinflammation although the long-term effects of cordycepin remain unknown. Here, we report our investigation of cordycepin’s long-term neuroprotective function and its underlying immunological mechanism. Methods TBI mice model was established with a controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. Cordycepin was intraperitoneally administered twice daily for a week. Neurological outcomes were assessed by behavioral tests, including grid walking test, cylinder test, wire hang test, and rotarod test. Immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, and electrophysiology recording were employed to assess histological and functional lesions. Quantitative-PCR and flow cytometry were used to detect neuroinflammation. The tracers of Sulfo-NHS-biotin and Evans blue were assessed for the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Western blot and gelatin zymography were used to analyze protein activity or expression. Neutrophil depletion in vivo was performed via using Ly6G antibody intraperitoneal injection. Results Cordycepin administration ameliorated long-term neurological deficits and reduced neuronal tissue loss in TBI mice. Meanwhile, the long-term integrity of white matter was also preserved, which was revealed in multiple dimensions, such as morphology, histology, ultrastructure, and electrical conductivity. Cordycepin administration inhibited microglia/macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization and promoted anti-inflammatory polarization after TBI. BBB breach was attenuated by cordycepin administration at 3 days after TBI. Cordycepin suppressed the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the neutrophil infiltration at 3 days after TBI. Moreover, neutrophil depletion provided a cordycepin-like effect, and cordycepin administration united with neutrophil depletion did not show a benefit of superposition. Conclusions The long-term neuroprotective function of cordycepin via suppressing neutrophil infiltration after TBI, thereby preserving BBB integrity and changing microglia/macrophage polarization. These findings provide significant clinical potentials to improve the quality of life for TBI patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02188-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dilidaer Misilimu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huimei Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuhua Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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In Vitro & In Vivo Anti-Hyperglycemic Potential of Saponins Cake and Argan Oil from Argania spinosa. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051078. [PMID: 34068075 PMCID: PMC8152476 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Argan tree (Argania spinosa. L) is an evergreen tree endemic of southwestern Morocco. For centuries, various formulations have been used to treat several illnesses including diabetes. However, scientific results supporting these actions are needed. Hence, Argan fruit products (i.e., cake byproducts (saponins extract) and hand pressed Argan oil) were tested for their in-vitro anti-hyperglycemic activity, using α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays. The in-vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity was evaluated in a model of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The diabetic animals were orally administered 100 mg/kg body weight of aqueous saponins cake extract and 3 mL/kg of Argan oil, respectively, to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic effect. The blood glucose concentration and body weight of the experimental animals were monitored for 30 days. The chemical properties and composition of the Argan oil were assessed including acidity, peroxides, K232, K270, fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, total polyphenols, and phenolic compounds. The saponins cake extract produced a significant reduction in blood glucose concentration in diabetic mice, which was better than the Argan oil. This decrease was equivalent to that detected in mice treated with metformin after 2–4 weeks. Moreover, the saponins cake extract showed a strong inhibitory action on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which is also higher than that of Argan oil.
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Role of macrophage autophagy in atherosclerosis: modulation by bioactive compounds. Biochem J 2021; 478:1359-1375. [PMID: 33861844 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with lipid metabolism disorder. Autophagy is a catabolic process and contributes to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Substantial evidence suggests that defective autophagy is implicated in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, while increased autophagy mitigates atherosclerosis development. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of autophagy regulation and its association with atherosclerosis is vital to develop new therapies against atherosclerosis. Dietary bioactive compounds are non-nutrient natural compounds that include phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Importantly, these bioactive compounds possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties that may alleviate various chronic diseases. Recently, examining the effects of bioactive compounds on autophagy activity in atherogenesis has drawn considerable attention. The current review discusses the role of macrophage autophagy in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We also summarize our current knowledge of the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds on atherosclerosis and autophagy.
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Das G, Shin HS, Leyva-Gómez G, Prado-Audelo MLD, Cortes H, Singh YD, Panda MK, Mishra AP, Nigam M, Saklani S, Chaturi PK, Martorell M, Cruz-Martins N, Sharma V, Garg N, Sharma R, Patra JK. Cordyceps spp.: A Review on Its Immune-Stimulatory and Other Biological Potentials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:602364. [PMID: 33628175 PMCID: PMC7898063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.602364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, interest in the Cordyceps genus has amplified due to its immunostimulatory potential. Cordyceps species, its extracts, and bioactive constituents have been related with cytokine production such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, phagocytosis stimulation of immune cells, nitric oxide production by increasing inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, and stimulation of inflammatory response via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Other pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-cancer, antihyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, vasorelaxation, anti-depressant, aphrodisiac, and kidney protection, has been reported in pre-clinical studies. These biological activities are correlated with the bioactive compounds present in Cordyceps including nucleosides, sterols, flavonoids, cyclic peptides, phenolic, bioxanthracenes, polyketides, and alkaloids, being the cyclic peptides compounds the most studied. An organized review of the existing literature was executed by surveying several databanks like PubMed, Scopus, etc. using keywords like Cordyceps, cordycepin, immune system, immunostimulation, immunomodulatory, pharmacology, anti-cancer, anti-viral, clinical trials, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, phytochemical analysis, and different species names. This review collects and analyzes state-of-the-art about the properties of Cordyceps species along with ethnopharmacological properties, application in food, chemical compounds, extraction of bioactive compounds, and various pharmacological properties with a special focus on the stimulatory properties of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María L. Del Prado-Audelo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yengkhom Disco Singh
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, India
| | - Manasa Kumar Panda
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Sarla Saklani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vineet Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
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Zhang L, Meng B, Li L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Fang X, Wang D. Boletus aereus protects against acute alcohol-induced liver damage in the C57BL/6 mouse via regulating the oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:905-914. [PMID: 32915675 PMCID: PMC7534317 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1812672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alcoholic liver disease, caused by abuse and consumption of alcohol, exhibits high morbidity and mortality. Boletus aereus Bull. (Boletaceae) (BA) shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. OBJECTIVES To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of BA using an acute alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The composition of BA fruit body was first systematically analyzed. Subsequently, a C57BL/6 mice model of acute alcohol-induced liver injury was established by intragastrically administration of alcohol, which was intragastrically received with BA powder at 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg for 2 weeks, 60 mg/kg silybin treatment was used as positive control group. By employing the pathological examination, ELISA, RT-PCR and western blot, the regulation of BA on oxidative stress signals was investigated. RESULTS The LD50 of BA was much higher than 4 g/kg/p.o. In acute alcohol-damaged mice, BA reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase (>18.3%) and aspartate aminotransferase (>27.6%) in liver, increased the activity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (>35.0%) and serum acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (>18.9%). BA increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (>13.4%), glutathione peroxidase (>11.0%) and 800 mg/kg BA strongly reduced chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (14.9%) and chitinase-3 like-1 protein (13.4%) in serum. BA reversed mRNA over-expression (>70%) and phosphor-stimulated expression (>45.0%) of an inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B kinase (NF-κB, an inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B α and nuclear factor κ-B in the liver. CONCLUSIONS BA is effective in ameliorating alcohol-induced liver injury through regulating oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB signalling, which provides a scientific basis for further research on its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhang
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuanzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuexun Fang
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
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Wu H, Jiang M, Liu Q, Wen F, Nie Y. lncRNA uc.48+ regulates immune and inflammatory reactions mediated by the P2X 7 receptor in type 2 diabetic mice. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:230. [PMID: 33224283 PMCID: PMC7673197 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and non-coding RNAs are receiving increasing attention in contemporary medical research. The present study aimed to explore the role of the long non-coding RNA uc.48+ in the pathological changes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by observing the effects of uc.48+ small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the abdominal cells of a mouse model of T2DM. Mice with T2DM (DM group) were established by feeding with a high-sugar and -fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injections of low-dose streptozotocin. An intraperitoneal injection of uc.48+ siRNA was administered to the diabetic mice, and the serum levels of cytokines together with other clinical parameters, namely blood pressure, heart rate, mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were examined. Following the collection and identification of abdominal cells from the mice, the mRNA levels of uc.48+, mRNA and protein levels of the P2X7 receptor, and phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 were evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The MWT and TWL were significantly decreased in the DM group compared with the non-diabetic control group. However, the reductions in MWT and TWL were significantly attenuated following uc.48+ siRNA injection. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β of mice in the DM group were significantly increased compared with those in the control group, whereas these changes were significantly attenuated following the injection of uc.48+ siRNA. In addition, the expression levels of P2X7 receptor mRNA and protein, and the degree of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the abdominal cells were significantly increased in the DM group compared with the control group. These changes were also significantly attenuated following transfection with uc.48+ siRNA in vivo. In conclusion, these data suggest that uc.48+ may play an important role in the pathological changes of blood pressure, neurology and abdominal cell function in T2DM via interaction with the P2X7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Health Vocational College Nanchang, Jiangxi 330077, P.R. China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Jiangxi Province Blood Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330077, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Nie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Sun H, Yu X, Li T, Zhu Z. Structure and hypoglycemic activity of a novel exopolysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:496-508. [PMID: 33129900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel neutral exopolysaccharide (EPS-III) was isolated from culture broth of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris). The EPS-III was a homogeneous polysaccharide with Mw of 1.56 × 103 kDa. The yield of EPS-III from culture broth was 123.2 ± 3.1 mg/L and the sugar content was 93.32 ± 0.87%. The backbone of EPS-III was mainly consisted of →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, while →3, 6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and →3)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ were distributed in the backbone or in the branch chains. The EPS-III had helix structure when dissolved in weak alkaline solution. It also had branched and intertwined form on the surface. The inhibition of α-glucosidase significantly increased as the increase of purity of exopolysaccharides. The EPS-III had effective inhibition on the α-glucosidase with dose-effect relationship. Besides, the results of hypoglycemic activity analysis in vivo indicated that EPS-III can alleviate weight loss, reduce plasma glucose concentration, improve glucose tolerance, protect immune organs and repair dyslipidemia to relieve diabetes in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The manuscript first studied the hypoglycemic activity of exopolysaccharide of by C. militaris, proving and promoting the application value of culture broth. The structure characterization of EPS-III laid experimental foundations on the exploration of structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiQing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - XiaoFeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - ZhenYuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Yang L, Li G, Chai Z, Gong Q, Guo J. Synthesis of cordycepin: Current scenario and future perspectives. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 143:103431. [PMID: 32610064 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps genus, such as C. militaris and C. kyushuensis, is a source of a rare traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for the treatment of numerous chronic and malignant diseases. Cordycepin, 3'-deoxyadenosine, is a major active compound found in most Cordyceps. Cordycepin exhibits a variety of biological activities, including anti-tumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, and anti-aging, among others, which could be applied in health products, medicine, cosmeceutical etc. fields. This review focuses on the synthesis methods for cordycepin. The current methods for cordycepin synthesis involve chemical synthesis, microbial fermentation, in vitro synthesis and biosynthesis; however, some defects are unavoidable and the production is still far from the demand of cordycepin. For the future study of cordycepin synthesis, based on the illumination of cordycepin biosynthesis pathway, genetical engineering of the Cordyceps strain or introducing microbes by virtue of synthetic biology will be the great potential strategies for cordycepin synthesis. This review will aid the future synthesis of the valuable cordycepin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Guilan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Zhi Chai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Qiang Gong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jianquan Guo
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
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Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic Cordyceps Medicinal Fungus and Its Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122735. [PMID: 32545666 PMCID: PMC7356751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps is a rare naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungus usually found at high altitudes on the Himalayan plateau and a well-known medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps contains various bioactive components, out of which, cordycepin is considered most vital, due to its utmost therapeutic as well as nutraceutical potential. Moreover, the structure similarity of cordycepin with adenosine makes it an important bioactive component, with difference of only hydroxyl group, lacking in the 3′ position of its ribose moiety. Cordycepin is known for various nutraceutical and therapeutic potential, such as anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anticancer, antiviral, hepato-protective, hypo-sexuality, cardiovascular diseases, antimalarial, anti-osteoporotic, anti-arthritic, cosmeceutical etc. which makes it a most valuable medicinal mushroom for helping in maintaining good health. In this review, effort has been made to bring altogether the possible wide range of cordycepin’s nutraceutical potential along with its pharmacological actions and possible mechanism. Additionally, it also summarizes the details of cordycepin based nutraceuticals predominantly available in the market with expected global value. Moreover, this review will attract the attention of food scientists, nutritionists, pharmaceutical and food industries to improve the use of bioactive molecule cordycepin for nutraceutical purposes with commercialization to aid and promote healthy lifestyle, wellness and wellbeing.
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Lee K, Jin H, Chei S, Oh HJ, Lee JY, Lee BY. Effect of Dietary Silk Peptide on Obesity, Hyperglycemia, and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Cells 2020; 9:E377. [PMID: 32041272 PMCID: PMC7072146 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with excess body fat accumulation that can cause hyperglycemia and reduce skeletal muscle function and strength, which characterize the development of sarcopenic obesity. In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanism whereby acid-hydrolyzed silk peptide (SP) prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and whether it regulates glucose uptake and muscle differentiation using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Our findings demonstrate that SP inhibits body mass gain and the expression of adipogenic transcription factors in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). SP also had an anti-diabetic effect in VAT and skeletal muscle because it upregulated glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) expression. Furthermore, SP reduced ubiquitin proteasome and promoted myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD)/myogenic factor 4 (myogenin) expression, implying that it may have potential for the treatment of obesity-induced hyperglycemia and obesity-associated sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kippeum Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, Korea; (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.C.); (H.-J.O.)
| | - Heegu Jin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, Korea; (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.C.); (H.-J.O.)
| | - Sungwoo Chei
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, Korea; (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.C.); (H.-J.O.)
| | - Hyun-Ji Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, Korea; (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.C.); (H.-J.O.)
| | - Jeong-Yong Lee
- Worldway Co., Ltd., Sanda-gil, Jeonul-myeon, Sejong-si 30003, Korea;
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, Korea; (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.C.); (H.-J.O.)
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Wang X, Gao YL, Zhang ML, Zhang HD, Huang JZ, Li L. Genome mining and biosynthesis of the Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor beauveriolide I and III in Cordyceps militaris. J Biotechnol 2020; 309:85-91. [PMID: 31926180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ascomycete fungi Cordyceps are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, and numerous investigations have been carried out to uncover their biological activities. However, primary researches on the physiological effects of Cordyceps were committed using crude extracts. At present, there are only a few compounds which were comprehensively characterized from Cordyceps, partial owing to the low production. In order to scientifically take advantage of Cordyceps, we used the strategy of genome mining to discover bioactive compounds from Cordyceps militaris. We found the putative biosynthetic gene cluster of the acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor beauveriolides in the genome of C. militaris, and produced the compounds by heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans. Production of beauveriolide I and III also was detected in both ferment mycelia and fruiting bodies of C. militaris. The possible biosynthetic pathway was proposed. Our studies unveil the active compounds of C. militaris against atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease and provide the enzyme resources for the biosynthesis of new cyclodepsipeptide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yang-Le Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Huai-Dong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Bibi S, Wang YB, Tang DX, Kamal MA, Yu H. Prospects for Discovering the Secondary Metabolites of Cordyceps Sensu Lato by the Integrated Strategy. Med Chem 2019; 17:97-120. [PMID: 31880251 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666191227120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some species of Cordyceps sensu lato are famous Chinese herbs with significant biological activities, often used as edible food and traditional medicine in China. Cordyceps represents the largest entomopathogenic group of fungi, including 40 genera and 1339 species in three families and incertae sedis of Hypocreales. OBJECTIVE Most of the Cordyceps-derivatives have been approved clinically for the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, cancers, inflammation, cardiovascular, renal and neurological disorders and are used worldwide as supplements and herbal drugs, but there is still need for highly efficient Cordyceps-derived drugs for fatal diseases with approval of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. METHODS Computer-aided drug design concepts could improve the discovery of putative Cordyceps- derived medicine within less time and low budget. The integration of computer-aided drug design methods with experimental validation has contributed to the successful discovery of novel drugs. RESULTS This review focused on modern taxonomy, active metabolites, and modern drug design techniques that could accelerate conventional drug design and discovery of Cordyceps s. l. Successful application of computer-aided drug design methods in Cordyceps research has been discussed. CONCLUSION It has been concluded that computer-aided drug design techniques could influence the multiple target-focused drug design, because each metabolite of Cordyceps has shown significant activities for the various diseases with very few or no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Bing Wang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - De-Xiang Tang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
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The potential application of
Cordyceps
in metabolic‐related disorders. Phytother Res 2019; 34:295-305. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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A novel nucleoside rescue metabolic pathway may be responsible for therapeutic effect of orally administered cordycepin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15760. [PMID: 31673018 PMCID: PMC6823370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adenosine and its analogues have been assessed in the past as potential drug candidates due to the important role of adenosine in physiology, only little is known about their absorption following oral administration. In this work, we have studied the oral absorption and disposition pathways of cordycepin, an adenosine analogue. In vitro biopharmaceutical properties and in vivo oral absorption and disposition of cordycepin were assessed in rats. Despite the fact that numerous studies showed efficacy following oral dosing of cordycepin, we found that intact cordycepin was not absorbed following oral administration to rats. However, 3′-deoxyinosine, a metabolite of cordycepin previously considered to be inactive, was absorbed into the systemic blood circulation. Further investigation was performed to study the conversion of 3′-deoxyinosine to cordycepin 5′-triphosphate in vitro using macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. It demonstrated that cordycepin 5′-triphosphate, the active metabolite of cordycepin, can be formed not only from cordycepin, but also from 3′-deoxyinosine. The novel nucleoside rescue metabolic pathway proposed in this study could be responsible for therapeutic effects of adenosine and other analogues of adenosine following oral administration. These findings may have importance in understanding the physiology and pathophysiology associated with adenosine, as well as drug discovery and development utilising adenosine analogues.
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The protective effect of Cordycepin on diabetic nephropathy through autophagy induction in vivo and in vitro. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:1883-1892. [PMID: 31359358 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Autophagy is an important physiological function for podocytes to maintain stability of intracellular environment. In this study, we planned to clarify the effect of Cordycepin, a traditional Chinese medicine, on DN and the related mechanisms. METHODS All rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetic controls, low-dose group (10 mg/kg), medium-dose group (100 mg/kg), and high-dose group (500 mg/kg). The level of cholesterol, blood sugar, triglyceride, creatinine, and urine protein was examined through an automatic biochemistry analyser. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was used to detect the level of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. HE staining was used to examine histopathologic changes. TUNEL staining was used to detected cell apoptosis. The expression of fibrosis markers α-SMA, t-TG, and TIMP-1, apoptosis-related proteins cleaved-caspase3, Bax and Bcl-2, autophagy markers Beclin1, light chain 3 (LC3)I/II, and p62 were evaluated by western blot. RESULTS The level of cholesterol, blood sugar, triglyceride, creatinine, and urine protein in the diabetic controls was much higher than that in the normal control group. Obvious histopathology injuries were also found in DN model group. After Cordycepin treatment, all the above indexes were improved compared with the DN group and tissue damages were also alleviated. Further studies showed that Cordycepin suppressed cell apoptosis and renal fibrosis and rescued cell autophagy in DN rat model. Moreover, the results of our in vitro experiments showed that the addition of 3-methyladenine (3-MA, specific autophagy inhibitor) successfully abolished the protective effect of Cordycepin on renal fibrosis through inducing apoptosis and renal fibrosis. The above protective effects of Cordycepin were exhibited in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Cordycepin participated in the modulation of cell apoptosis, fibrosis, and autophagy induction in DN. Our study for the first time revealed that Cordycepin had a certain therapeutic effect on DN in rats through autophagy induction.
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Morchella esculenta against Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Injury in the C57BL/6 Mouse Related to Nrf-2 and NF- κB Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6029876. [PMID: 31396303 PMCID: PMC6664553 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6029876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of Morchella esculenta fruit body (ME) and the underlying mechanisms in mice with alcohol-induced acute liver injury. Systematic analysis revealed that ME contained 21 types of fatty acid, 17 types of amino acid, and 12 types of mineral. Subsequently, a mouse model of acute alcohol-induced liver injury was established by oral administration of alcohol for 14 days. Fourteen-day administration of ME prevented alcohol-induced increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and reduced the activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in blood serum and liver tissue. ME appears to regulate lipid metabolism by suppressing triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein in the liver. ME inhibited the production of inflammatory factors including chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL 40), interleukin-7 (IL-7), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in blood serum and/or liver tissue. ME treatment relieved the alcohol-induced imbalance in prooxidative and antioxidative signaling via nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), as indicated by upregulation of superoxide dismutase-1, superoxide dismutase-2, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, and heme oxygenase-2 expression and downregulation of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) in the liver. Moreover, ME reduced the levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α/β, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B α and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65) in the liver. The hepatoprotective effects of ME against alcohol-induced acute liver injury were thus confirmed. The mechanism of action may be related to modulation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways, partially via regulation of Nrf-2 and NF-κB signaling.
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Li T, Wen L, Cheng B. Cordycepin alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation by inducing protective autophagy via PKA/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:632-638. [PMID: 31242974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As the major active ingredient of Cordyceps militaris, cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) has been well documented to possess lipid-lowering and anti-oxidative activities, making it a promising candidate for treatment of NAFLD. Autophagy was recently identified as a critical protective mechanism during NAFLD development. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the mechanism of cordycepin regulating autophagy and lipid metabolism. Here, we found that cordycepin decreased palmitate-induced lipid accumulation by Oil Red O staining, Nile Red staining assays, triglyceride and total cholesterol measurements. Based on Western blot assay and immunocytochemistry, we found that cordycepin induced autophagy in PA-induced steatotic HepG2 cells. Whereas pretreatment with CQ, an autophagy inhibitor, substantially deteriorated the mitigative effects of cordycepin on PA-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. These data taken together indicate that cordycepin protects against PA-induced hepatic lipid accumulation via autophagy induction. Further, cordycepin remarkably increased the expression of P-PKA and decreased P-mTOR, whereas pretreatment with H89, a PKA inhibitor, abolished the ability of cordycepin to activate autophagy via mTOR activation. These data suggested that cordycepin protects against PA-induced hepatic lipid accumulation through the promotion of autophagy. The underlying mechanism might be associated with the PKA/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China; College of Food Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, Jilin Province, 132101, People's Republic of China
| | - Liankui Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bijun Cheng
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, Jilin Province, 132101, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Chen Z, Jiang Z, Luo P, Liu L, Huang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Long L, Tan X, Liu D, Jin T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liao F, Zhang C, Chen L, Gan Y, Liu Y, Yang F, Huang C, Miao H, Chen J, Cheng T, Fu X, Shi C. Cordycepin prevents radiation ulcer by inhibiting cell senescence via NRF2 and AMPK in rodents. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2538. [PMID: 31182708 PMCID: PMC6557849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological mechanisms of radiation ulcer remain unsolved and there is currently no effective medicine. Here, we demonstrate that persistent DNA damage foci and cell senescence are involved in radiation ulcer development. Further more, we identify cordycepin, a natural nucleoside analogue, as a potent drug to block radiation ulcer (skin, intestine, tongue) in rats/mice by preventing cell senescence through the increase of NRF2 nuclear expression (the assay used is mainly on skin). Finally, cordycepin is also revealed to activate AMPK by binding with the α1 and γ1 subunit near the autoinhibitory domain of AMPK, then promotes p62-dependent autophagic degradation of Keap1, to induce NRF2 dissociate from Keap1 and translocate to the nucleus. Taken together, our findings identify cordycepin prevents radiation ulcer by inhibiting cell senescence via NRF2 and AMPK in rodents, and activation of AMPK or NRF2 may thus represent therapeutic targets for preventing cell senescence and radiation ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Lang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
- Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
- Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Huilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Taotao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunji Huang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongming Miao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 40038, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianmin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, 100000, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
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Ashraf S, Radhi M, Gowler P, Burston JJ, Gandhi RD, Thorn GJ, Piccinini AM, Walsh DA, Chapman V, de Moor CH. The polyadenylation inhibitor cordycepin reduces pain, inflammation and joint pathology in rodent models of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4696. [PMID: 30886197 PMCID: PMC6423048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, osteoarthritis (OA) pain is significantly associated with synovial inflammation. Identification of the mechanisms driving inflammation could reveal new targets to relieve this prevalent pain state. Herein, a role of polyadenylation in OA synovial samples was investigated, and the potential of the polyadenylation inhibitor cordycepin (3’ deoxyadenosine) to inhibit inflammation as well as to reduce pain and structural OA progression were studied. Joint tissues from people with OA with high or low grade inflammation and non-arthritic post-mortem controls were analysed for the polyadenylation factor CPSF4 and inflammatory markers. Effects of cordycepin on pain behavior and joint pathology were studied in models of OA (intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate in rats and surgical destabilisation of the medial meniscus in mice). Human monocyte-derived macrophages and a mouse macrophage cell line were used to determine effects of cordycepin on nuclear localisation of the inflammatory transcription factor NFĸB and polyadenylation factors (WDR33 and CPSF4). CPSF4 and NFκB expression were increased in synovia from OA patients with high grade inflammation. Cordycepin reduced pain behaviour, synovial inflammation and joint pathology in both OA models. Stimulation of macrophages induced nuclear localisation of NFĸB and polyadenylation factors, effects inhibited by cordycepin. Knockdown of polyadenylation factors also prevented nuclear localisation of NFĸB. The increased expression of polyadenylation factors in OA synovia indicates a new target for analgesia treatments. This is supported by the finding that polyadenylation factors are required for inflammation in macrophages and by the fact that the polyadenylation inhibitor cordycepin attenuates pain and pathology in models of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Ashraf
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Masar Radhi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Gowler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James J Burston
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Raj D Gandhi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Graeme J Thorn
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - David A Walsh
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Victoria Chapman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Cornelia H de Moor
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link Fruiting Body. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6010020. [PMID: 30699961 PMCID: PMC6473835 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom and has been extensively used as a folk medicine in East Asia. In this study, the separation of constituents involved in xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of C. militaris was conducted. Methods: The aqueous residue of this fungus was extracted by methanol and then subsequently fractionated by hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. The ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest XO inhibitory and antioxidant activities was separated to different fractions by column chromatography. Each fraction was then subjected to anti-hyperuricemia, antioxidant and antibacterial assays. Results: The results showed that the CM8 fraction exhibited the strongest XO inhibitory activity (the lowest IC50: 62.82 μg/mL), followed by the CM10 (IC50: 68.04 μg/mL) and the CM7 (IC50: 86.78 μg/mL). The level of XO inhibition was proportional to antioxidant activity. In antibacterial assay, the CM9 and CM11 fractions showed effective antibacterial activity (MIC values: 15–25 mg/mL and 10–25 mg/mL, respectively). Results from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses indicated that cordycepin was the major constituent in the CM8 and CM10 fractions. Conclusions: This study revealed that C. militaris was beneficial for treatment hyperuricemia although in vivo trials on compounds purified from this medicinal fungus are needed.
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Ma L, Zhang M, Zhao S. Effect of radio-frequency heating on microbial load, flavor, color, and texture profiles of Cordyceps militaris. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:136-142. [PMID: 29797728 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordyceps militaris is a medicine and food dual-purpose mushroom extensively cultivated and consumed in East and Southeast Asia for centuries. However, it has an extremely short shelf life of 3-4 days at room temperature. C. militaris was pasteurized for 10, 20, and 30 min by radio-frequency (RF) at an electrode gap of 20 mm. The effect of RF heating on the microbial load, color, texture, and flavor attributes of C. militaris was evaluated and compared with those sterilized by conventional high-pressure steam. RESULTS RF heating contributed to good heating uniformity, uniform temperature distribution, and significant decrease in total microbial load. C. militaris heated by RF exhibited unnoticeable total color difference compared with unpasteurized ones, while those sterilized by high-pressure steam presented undesired and unacceptable browning. Insignificant differences in hardness and chewiness were observed after RF heating. Improvements in mushroom-like flavor occurred after 10 and 20 min of RF heating. CONCLUSION This study suggests that RF heating for pasteurization of edible mushrooms has promising prospects. Evaluation of RF heating on the taste and nutritional characteristics of edible mushrooms is needed in future work. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuyong Zhao
- Yandi Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Changde, China
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Qi G, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Yu J, Li X, Cao X, Wu C, Guo P. Cordycepin promotes browning of white adipose tissue through an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:135-143. [PMID: 30766785 PMCID: PMC6361849 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Promoting browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) contributes to increased energy expenditure and hence counteracts obesity. Here we show that cordycepin (Cpn), a natural derivative of adenosine, increases energy expenditure, inhibits weight gain, improves metabolic profile and glucose tolerance, decreases WAT mass and adipocyte size, and enhances cold tolerance in normal and high-fat diet-fed mice. Cpn markedly increases the surface temperature around the inguinal WAT and turns the inguinal fat browner. Further investigations show that Cpn induces the development of brown-like adipocytes in inguinal and, to a less degree, epididymal WAT depots. Cpn also increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and other thermogenic genes in WAT and 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes, in which AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role. Our results provide novel insights into the function of Cpn in regulating energy balance, and suggest a potential utility of Cpn in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Qi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaopo Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Li
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cao
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 57833235; fax: +86 10 57833018.
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 57833235; fax: +86 10 57833018.
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He MT, Lee AY, Kim JH, Park CH, Shin YS, Cho EJ. Protective role of Cordyceps militaris in Aβ 1-42-induced Alzheimer's disease in vivo. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:865-872. [PMID: 31093445 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the "amyloid cascade hypothesis", amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein occupied one of the risk factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cordyceps militaris (CM) has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective activities; however, its activity against cognitive dysfunction has not been studied yet. In this study, the CM ethanol extract was administered with a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg for 2 weeks, and behavioral assessments were performed for learning and memory function in Aβ1-42-induced AD mice models. Supplementation with CM extract enhanced new route consciousness and novel object recognition, and in the Morris water maze test, CM-administered groups showed less time to reach to the hidden platform compared with the control group. Moreover, the CM extract inhibited nitric oxide production and lipid peroxidation in the brain, liver, and kidney. The present study indicated that CM could have the protective role from cognitive impairment and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tong He
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- 2Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Su Shin
- 2Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
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Huang ZF, Zhang ML, Zhang S, Wang YH, Jiang XW. Structural characterization of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and their hypolipidemic effects in high fat diet fed mice. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41012-41022. [PMID: 35557892 PMCID: PMC9091693 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a crude dietary therapeutic mushroom with high nutritional and medicinal values. Mushroom-derived polysaccharides have been found to possess antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities. This study aimed to partially clarify the structural characterization and comparatively evaluate hypolipidemic potentials of intracellular- (IPCM) and extracellular polysaccharides of C. militaris (EPCM) in high fat diet fed mice. Results indicated that IPCM-2 is α-pyran polysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 32.5 kDa, was mainly composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with mass percentages of 51.94%, 10.54%, and 37.25%, respectively. EPCM-2 is an α-pyran polysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 20 kDa that is mainly composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with mass percentages of 44.51%, 18.33%, and 35.38%, respectively. In in vivo study, EPCM-1 treatment (100 mg kg-1 d-1) showed potential effects on improving serum lipid profiles of hyperlipidemic mice, reflected by decreasing serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by 20.05%, 45.45% and 52.63%, respectively, while IPCM-1 treatment (100 mg kg-1 d-1) remarkably decreased TC, TG and LDL-C levels by 20.74%, 47.93%, and 38.25%, respectively. In addition, EPCM-1 ameliorated hyperlipidemia possibly through upregulating the expression of serum lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and down-regulating the expression of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, while IPCM-1 remarkably upregulated the expression of serum LPL. This study confirms polysaccharides from C. militaris could be explored as functional foods or natural medicines for preventing hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Huang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University No. 55 West of Zhongshan Avenue Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ming-Long Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University No. 55 West of Zhongshan Avenue Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University No. 55 West of Zhongshan Avenue Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University No. 55 West of Zhongshan Avenue Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xue-Wen Jiang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University No. 55 West of Zhongshan Avenue Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Wang Z, Wang X, Yan H, Liu Y, Li L, Li S, Wang X, Wang D. Aronia melanocarpa ameliorates gout and hyperuricemia in animal models. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1541967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
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Olatunji OJ, Tang J, Tola A, Auberon F, Oluwaniyi O, Ouyang Z. The genus Cordyceps : An extensive review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Fitoterapia 2018; 129:293-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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The Antidiabetic and Antinephritic Activities of Tuber melanosporum via Modulation of Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress in the db/db Mouse. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7453865. [PMID: 30186548 PMCID: PMC6087590 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7453865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuber melanosporum (TM), a valuable edible fungus, contains 19 types of fatty acid, 17 types of amino acid, 6 vitamins, and 7 minerals. The antidiabetic and antinephritic effects of TM and the underlying mechanisms related to oxidative stress were investigated in db/db mice. Eight-week oral administration of metformin (Met) at 0.1 g/kg and TM at doses of 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg decreased body weight, plasma glucose, serum levels of glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol and increased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the mice, suggesting hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. TM promoted glucose metabolism by increasing the levels of pyruvate kinase and hepatic glycogen. It also regulated the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative enzymes in serum and/or the kidneys of the mice. Additionally, TM increased the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2), catalase, heme oxygenase 1, heme oxygenase 2, and manganese superoxide dismutase 2 and decreased the expression of protein kinase C alpha, phosphor-janus kinase 2, phosphor-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and phosphor-nuclear factor-κB in the kidneys. The results of this study reveal the antidiabetic and antidiabetic nephritic properties of TM via modulating oxidative stress and inflammation-related cytokines through improving the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Wang X, Chu Q, Jiang X, Yu Y, Wang L, Cui Y, Lu J, Teng L, Wang D. Sarcodon imbricatus polysaccharides improve mouse hematopoietic function after cyclophosphamide-induced damage via G-CSF mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:578. [PMID: 29784961 PMCID: PMC5962553 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sarcodon imbricatus, a rare medicinal and edible fungus, has various pharmacological bioactivities. We investigated the effects of S. imbricatus polysaccharides (SIPS) on hematopoietic function and identified the underlying mechanisms using in vitro experiments with CHRF, K562, and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) and in vivo experiments with a mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced hematopoietic dysfunction. We found that SIPS induced proliferation and differentiation of CHRF and K562 cells and upregulated the expression of hematopoietic-related proteins, including p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK1p90), c-Myc, and ETS transcription factor, in the two cell lines. After 28 days of treatment, SIPS enhanced the bodyweight and thymus indices of the mice, alleviated enlargement of the spleen and liver, and contributed to the recovery of peripheral blood to normal levels. More importantly, the percentages of B lymphocytes and hematopoietic stem cells or hematopoietic progenitor cells were significantly elevated in bone marrow. Based on an antibody chip analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, SIPS were found to successfully regulate 12 cytokines to healthy levels in serum and spleen. The cytokines included the following: interleukins 1Ra, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon−γ, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), C-C motif chemokine1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein−1. Moreover, SIPS upregulated the phosphorylation levels of janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the spleen, and similar results were validated in CHRF cells, K562 cells, and BMMNCs. The data indicate that SIPS activated the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, possibly by interactions among multiple cytokines, particularly G-CSF. We found that SIPS was remarkably beneficial to the bone marrow hematopoietic system, and we anticipate that it could improve myelosuppression induced by long-term radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qiubo Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Libian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yaqi Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lirong Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. .,Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, 519041, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. .,Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, 519041, China.
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50
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Song J, Wang X, Huang Y, Qu Y, Zhang G, Wang D. Analgesic effects of Marasmius androsaceus mycelia ethanol extract and possible mechanisms in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29513798 PMCID: PMC5856440 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20177124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Marasmius androsaceus is a medicinal fungus mainly used to treat various forms of pain in China. This study investigated the analgesic effects of an ethanol extract of M. androsaceus (MAE) and its potential molecular mechanisms. Oral administration of MAE (50, 200, and 1000 mg/kg) had significant analgesic effects in an acid-induced writhing test, a formalin test, and a hot-plate test, with effectiveness similar to tramadol (the positive control drug). The autonomic activity test showed that MAE had no harmful effects on the central nervous system in mice. MAE resulted in significantly enhanced levels of noradrenalin and 5-hydroxytryptamine in serum but suppressed both of these neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus after 30 s of hot-plate stimulation. Co-administration with nimodipine (10 mg/kg; a Ca2+ channel blocker) strongly enhanced the analgesic effect in the hot-plate test compared to MAE alone. Moreover, MAE down-regulated the expression of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the hypothalamus after a 30-s thermal stimulus. These results suggested that the analgesic ability of MAE is related to the regulation of metabolism by monoamine neurotransmitters and Ca2+/CaMKII-mediated signaling, which can potentially aid the development of peripheral neuropathic pain treatments obtained from M. androsaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yidi Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
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