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Chu R, Wang Y, Kong J, Pan T, Yang Y, He J. Lipid nanoparticles as the drug carrier for targeted therapy of hepatic disorders. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4759-4784. [PMID: 38682294 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The liver, a complex and vital organ in the human body, is susceptible to various diseases, including metabolic disorders, acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent decades, these diseases have significantly contributed to global morbidity and mortality. Currently, liver transplantation remains the most effective treatment for hepatic disorders. Nucleic acid therapeutics offer a selective approach to disease treatment through diverse mechanisms, enabling the regulation of relevant genes and providing a novel therapeutic avenue for hepatic disorders. It is expected that nucleic acid drugs will emerge as the third generation of pharmaceuticals, succeeding small molecule drugs and antibody drugs. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a crucial technology in the field of drug delivery and constitute a significant advancement in gene therapies. Nucleic acids encapsulated in LNPs are shielded from the degradation of enzymes and effectively delivered to cells, where they are released and regulate specific genes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structure, composition, and applications of LNPs in the treatment of hepatic disorders and offers insights into prospects and challenges in the future development of LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxuan Chu
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tung, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Jianglong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tung, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Pan
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yani Yang
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Jun He
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
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2
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Zhang Y, He X, Gu L, Li S, Tang J, Ma R, Yang H, Peng Z. Mefunidone ameliorates acute liver failure in mice by inhibiting MKK4-JNK pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116267. [PMID: 38723721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a critical condition that can lead to substantial liver dysfunction. It is characterized by complex clinical manifestations and rapid progression, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. We investigated the protective effect of mefunidone (MFD), a novel antifibrosis pyridone agent, on ALF in mice, and explored its potential mechanism of action. MFD pretreatment can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and d-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced ALF, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, MFD alleviated LPS/D-GalN-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death in AML12 cells. RNA sequencing enrichment analysis showed that MFD significantly affected the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that MFD inhibited MKK4 and JNK phosphorylation. JNK activation caused by MKK4 and JNK activators could eliminate the therapeutic effect of MFD on AML12. In addition, MFD pretreatment alleviated ConA-induced ALF, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in mice, and reduced mouse mortality. These results suggest that MFD can potentially protect against ALF, partially by inhibiting the MKK4-JNK pathway, and is a promising new therapeutic drug for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Kubara K, Yamazaki K, Miyazaki T, Kondo K, Kurotaki D, Tamura T, Suzuki Y. Lymph node macrophages drive innate immune responses to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of mRNA vaccines. Mol Ther 2024; 32:704-721. [PMID: 38243602 PMCID: PMC10928146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines are promising for cancer treatment. Efficient delivery of mRNAs encoding tumor antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is critical to elicit anti-tumor immunity. Herein, we identified a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation, L17-F05, for mRNA vaccines by screening 34 ionizable lipids and 28 LNP formulations using human primary APCs. Subcutaneous delivery of L17-F05 mRNA vaccine encoding Gp100 and Trp2 inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of mice bearing B16F10 melanoma. L17-F05 efficiently delivered mRNAs to conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and macrophages in draining lymph nodes (dLNs). cDCs functioned as the main APCs by presenting antigens along with enhanced expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Macrophages triggered innate immune responses centered on type-I interferon (IFN-I) in dLNs. Lymph node (LN) macrophage depletion attenuated APC maturation and anti-tumor activity of L17-F05 mRNA vaccines. Loss-of-function studies revealed that L17-F05 works as a self-adjuvant by activating the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in macrophages. Collectively, the self-adjuvanticity of L17-F05 triggered innate immune responses in LN macrophages via the STING-IFN-I pathway, contributing to APC maturation and potent anti-tumor activity of L17-F05 mRNA vaccines. Our findings provide strategies for further optimization of mRNA vaccines based on the innate immune response driven by LN macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kubara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan; Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kazuto Yamazaki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyazaki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Keita Kondo
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell Development, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
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Suzuki Y, Katsurada Y, Hyodo K. Differences and Similarities of the Intravenously Administered Lipid Nanoparticles in Three Clinical Trials: Potential Linkage between Lipid Nanoparticles and Extracellular Vesicles. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4883-4892. [PMID: 37717247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are clinically validated drug-delivery carriers. However, clinical data on intravenously administered LNPs are limited compared with those on intramuscularly administered LNPs (mRNA vaccines against COVID-19). Here, we reviewed three clinically tested intravenously administered LNPs (patisiran, mRNA-1944, and NTLA-2001). We summarize the differences and similarities in their formulations, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetics profiles. In humans, patisiran and mRNA-1944 exhibited similar multiphasic pharmacokinetic profiles with a secondary peak in the RNA concentration. siRNA (patisiran) and mRNA (mRNA-1944) exhibited prolonged blood circulation and were detectable for more than 28 days after a single administration. We further summarize the basics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and discuss the potential linkages between LNPs and EVs. This Review provides an understanding of the human clinical data of intravenous LNP formulations, which can be potentially explored to develop next-generation LNP-and EV-based drug delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Suzuki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yuri Katsurada
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Kenji Hyodo
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
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5
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Bakrania A, Mo Y, Zheng G, Bhat M. RNA nanomedicine in liver diseases. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00569. [PMID: 37725757 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable impact of RNA nanomedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the expansive therapeutic potential of this field in diverse disease contexts. In recent years, RNA nanomedicine targeting the liver has been paradigm-shifting in the management of metabolic diseases such as hyperoxaluria and amyloidosis. RNA nanomedicine has significant potential in the management of liver diseases, where optimal management would benefit from targeted delivery, doses titrated to liver metabolism, and personalized therapy based on the specific site of interest. In this review, we discuss in-depth the different types of RNA and nanocarriers used for liver targeting along with their specific applications in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancers. We further highlight the strategies for cell-specific delivery and future perspectives in this field of research with the emergence of small activating RNA, circular RNA, and RNA base editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bakrania
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yulin Mo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Yamazaki K, Kubara K, Ishii S, Kondo K, Suzuki Y, Miyazaki T, Mitsuhashi K, Ito M, Tsukahara K. Lipid nanoparticle-targeted mRNA formulation as a treatment for ornithine-transcarbamylase deficiency model mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:210-226. [PMID: 37520683 PMCID: PMC10372164 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) plays a significant role in the urea cycle, a metabolic pathway functioning in the liver to detoxify ammonia. OTC deficiency (OTCD) is the most prevalent urea cycle disorder. Here, we show that intravenously delivered human OTC (hOTC) mRNA by lipid nanoparticles (LNP) was an effective treatment for OTCD by restoring the urea cycle. We observed a homotrimer conformation of hOTC proteins produced by the mRNA-LNP in cells by cryo-electron microscopy. The immunohistochemistry revealed the mitochondria localization of produced hOTC proteins in hepatocytes in mice. In livers of mice intravenously injected with hOTC-mRNA/LNP at 1.0 mg/kg, the delivered hOTC mRNA levels steeply decreased with a half-life (t1/2) of 7.1 h, whereas the produced hOTC protein levels retained for 5 days and then declined with a t1/2 of 2.2 days. In OTCD model mice (high-protein diet-fed Otcspf-ash hemizygous males), a single dose of hOTC-mRNA/LNP at 3.0 mg/kg ameliorated hyperammonemia and weight loss with prolonged survival rate (22 days) compared with that of untreated mice (11 days). Weekly repeated doses at 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg were well tolerated in wild-type mice and showed a dose-dependent amelioration of survival rate in OTCD mice, thus, showing the therapeutic potential of LNP-formulated hOTC mRNA for OTCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Yamazaki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Kenji Kubara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Satoko Ishii
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Keita Kondo
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyazaki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mitsuhashi
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Masashi Ito
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Kappei Tsukahara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
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Guo Z, Jing Q, Xu Z, Zhang D, Zheng W, Ren F. Corosolic acid-modified lipid nanoparticles as delivery carriers for DNA vaccines against avian influenza. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122914. [PMID: 37028571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol (CHOL) is essential for developing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for gene delivery because it enhances membrane fusion and improves the delivery efficiency of gene cargos. An attractive pDNA carrier, corosolic acid (CA)-modified lipid nanoparticles (CLNPs), was developed by replacing CHOL in LNPs to deliver pDNA at various ratios of nitrogen groups to phosphate groups (N/P). The resultant CLNPs with a higher CHOL/CA ratio exhibited similar mean particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency to those of LNPs. In comparison with LNPs, CLNPs (CHOL:CA ratio = 2:1) achieved increased cellular uptake and enhanced transfection efficacy while maintaining low cytotoxicity. In vivo results from chicken experiments demonstrated that CLNPs encapsulating DNA vaccines against avian influenza at a N/P ratio of 3 could elicit similar-level humoral and cellular immune responses compared with those of LNPs at a higher N/P ratio, thereby suggesting the induction of desirable immune effects using less ionizable lipids. Our study provides a reference for further research on the application of CA in LNPs for gene delivery, and the development of novel delivery systems for DNA vaccines against avian influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Guo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qiufang Jing
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhongyu Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | | | - Wenyun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Fuzheng Ren
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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8
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Yang J, Luly KM, Green JJ. Nonviral nanoparticle gene delivery into the CNS for neurological disorders and brain cancer applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1853. [PMID: 36193561 PMCID: PMC10023321 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral nanoparticles have emerged as an attractive alternative to viral vectors for gene therapy applications, utilizing a range of lipid-based, polymeric, and inorganic materials. These materials can either encapsulate or be functionalized to bind nucleic acids and protect them from degradation. To effectively elicit changes to gene expression, the nanoparticle carrier needs to undergo a series of steps intracellularly, from interacting with the cellular membrane to facilitate cellular uptake to endosomal escape and nucleic acid release. Adjusting physiochemical properties of the nanoparticles, such as size, charge, and targeting ligands, can improve cellular uptake and ultimately gene delivery. Applications in the central nervous system (CNS; i.e., neurological diseases, brain cancers) face further extracellular barriers for a gene-carrying nanoparticle to surpass, with the most significant being the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Approaches to overcome these extracellular challenges to deliver nanoparticles into the CNS include systemic, intracerebroventricular, intrathecal, and intranasal administration. This review describes and compares different biomaterials for nonviral nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy to the CNS and explores challenges and recent preclinical and clinical developments in overcoming barriers to nanoparticle-mediated delivery to the brain. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Yang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn M Luly
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Seo H, Jeon L, Kwon J, Lee H. High-Precision Synthesis of RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203033. [PMID: 36737864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA-based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammatory and genetic disorder, as well as infectious diseases. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as a promising platform for RNA delivery and have shed light by resolving the inherent instability issues of naked RNA and thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency. These LNP consisting of ionizable lipid, helper lipid, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)-anchored lipid can stably enclose RNA and help them release into the cells' cytosol. Herein, the significant progress made in LNP research starting from the LNP constituents, formulation, and their diverse applications is summarized first. Moreover, the microfluidic methodologies which allow precise assembly of these newly developed constituents to achieve LNP with controllable composition and size, high encapsulation efficiency as well as scalable production are highlighted. Furthermore, a short discussion on current challenges as well as an outlook will be given on emerging approaches to resolving these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Leekang Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
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10
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Kuboi Y, Suzuki Y, Motoi S, Matsui C, Toritsuka N, Nakatani T, Tahara K, Takahashi Y, Ida Y, Tomimatsu A, Soejima M, Imai T. Identification of potent siRNA targeting complement C5 and its robust activity in pre-clinical models of myasthenia gravis and collagen-induced arthritis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:339-351. [PMID: 36789273 PMCID: PMC9900455 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Complement component 5 (C5), an important molecule in the complement cascade, blockade by antibodies shows clinical efficacy in treating complement-mediated disorders. However, insufficient blockading induced by single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the C5 protein or frequent development of "breakthrough" intravascular hemolysis in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria treated with eculizumab have been reported. Herein, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated siRNA targeting C5 that was efficiently delivered to the liver and silenced C5 expression. We identified a potent C5-siRNA with an in vitro IC50 of 420 pM and in vivo ED50 of 0.017 mg/kg following a single administration. Single or repeated administrations of the LNP-formulated C5-siRNA allowed robust and durable suppression of liver C5 expression in mice. Complement C5 silencing ameliorated C5b-dependent anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-induced myasthenia gravis and C5a-dependent collagen-induced arthritis symptoms. Similarly, in nonhuman primates, a single administration of C5-siRNA/LNP-induced dose-dependent plasma C5 suppression and concomitantly inhibited serum complement activity; complement activity recovered to the pre-treatment levels at 65 days post administration, thus indicating that the complement activity can be controlled for a specific period. Our findings provide the foundation for further developing C5-siRNA delivered via LNPs as a potential therapeutic for complement-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kuboi
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojima minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Corresponding author: Yoshikazu Kuboi, MS, KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojima minamimachi, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Sotaro Motoi
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojima minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Chiyuki Matsui
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojima minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naoki Toritsuka
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakatani
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojima minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tahara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takahashi
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yoko Ida
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojima minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tomimatsu
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojima minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Motohiro Soejima
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojima minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojima minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Advanced Therapeutic Target Discovery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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Zhang Y, Almazi JG, Ong HX, Johansen MD, Ledger S, Traini D, Hansbro PM, Kelleher AD, Ahlenstiel CL. Nanoparticle Delivery Platforms for RNAi Therapeutics Targeting COVID-19 Disease in the Respiratory Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2408. [PMID: 35269550 PMCID: PMC8909959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, a pandemic of COVID-19 disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread across the globe. At present, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued emergency approval for the use of some antiviral drugs. However, these drugs still have limitations in the specific treatment of COVID-19, and as such, new treatment strategies urgently need to be developed. RNA-interference-based gene therapy provides a tractable target for antiviral treatment. Ensuring cell-specific targeted delivery is important to the success of gene therapy. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNAs) to specific tissues or organs of the human body could play a crucial role in the specific therapy of severe respiratory infections, such as COVID-19. In this review, we describe a variety of novel nanocarriers, such as lipid NPs, star polymer NPs, and glycogen NPs, and summarize the pre-clinical/clinical progress of these nanoparticle platforms in siRNA delivery. We also discuss the application of various NP-capsulated siRNA as therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the challenges with targeting these therapeutics to local delivery in the lung, and various inhalation devices used for therapeutic administration. We also discuss currently available animal models that are used for preclinical assessment of RNA-interference-based gene therapy. Advances in this field have the potential for antiviral treatments of COVID-19 disease and could be adapted to treat a range of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (A.D.K.)
| | - Juhura G. Almazi
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (J.G.A.); (H.X.O.); (D.T.)
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (J.G.A.); (H.X.O.); (D.T.)
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Matt D. Johansen
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.D.J.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Scott Ledger
- Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (A.D.K.)
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (J.G.A.); (H.X.O.); (D.T.)
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.D.J.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Anthony D. Kelleher
- Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (A.D.K.)
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