1
|
Hao S, Meng Q, Sun H, Li Y, Li Y, Gu L, Liu B, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Xu Z, Wang Y. The role of transketolase in human cancer progression and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113607. [PMID: 36030587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transketolase (TKT) is an enzyme that is ubiquitously expressed in all living organisms and has been identified as an important regulator of cancer. Recent studies have shown that the TKT family includes the TKT gene and two TKT-like (TKTL) genes; TKTL1 and TKTL2. TKT and TKTL1 have been reported to be involved in the regulation of multiple cancer-related events, such as cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and patient survival and prognosis. Therefore, TKT may be an ideal target for cancer treatment. More importantly, the levels of TKTL1 were detected using EDIM technology for the early detection of some malignancies, and TKTL1 was more sensitive and specific than traditional tumor markers. Detecting TKTL1 levels before and after surgery could be used to evaluate the surgery's effect. While targeted TKT suppresses cancer in multiple ways, in some cases, it has detrimental effects on the organism. In this review, we discuss the role of TKT in different tumors and the detailed mechanisms while evaluating its value and limitations in clinical applications. Therefore, this review provides a basis for the clinical application of targeted therapy for TKT in the future, and a strategy for subsequent cancer-related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qingfei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Li Z, Hu X, Yang X, Song Y, Jing Y, Hu Q, Ni Y. Identification of Metabolism-Associated Biomarkers for Early and Precise Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030400. [PMID: 35327590 PMCID: PMC8945702 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most common head and neck cancers, has not improved in the last 20 years. Poor prognosis of OSCC is the result of failure in early and precise diagnosis. Metabolic reprogramming, including the alteration of the uptake and utilisation of glucose, amino acids and lipids, is an important feature of OSCC and can be used to identify its biomarkers for early and precise diagnosis. In this review, we summarise how recent findings of rewired metabolic networks in OSCC have facilitated early and precise diagnosis of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Zihui Li
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xihu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 210008, China;
| | - Yuxian Song
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yue Jing
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (Y.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh S, Senapati P, Kundu TK. Metabolic Regulation of Lysine Acetylation: Implications in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:393-426. [PMID: 36301501 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is the second most well-studied post-translational modification after phosphorylation. While phosphorylation regulates signaling cascades, one of the most significant roles of acetylation is regulation of chromatin structure. Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) serves as the acetyl group donor for acetylation reactions mediated by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs). On the other hand, NAD+ serves as the cofactor for lysine deacetylases (KDACs). Both acetyl-CoA and NAD+ are metabolites integral to energy metabolism, and therefore, their metabolic flux can regulate the activity of KATs and KDACs impacting the epigenome. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of how metabolic pathways regulate lysine acetylation in normal and cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parijat Senapati
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Role of Glucose Transporters in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081070. [PMID: 34439735 PMCID: PMC8392467 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. The Warburg effect can be observed in OSCCs, with tumours requiring a robust glucose supply. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) are overexpressed in multiple malignancies, and are correlated with treatment resistance, clinical factors, and poor overall survival (OS). We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the differences in GLUT/SGLT expression between OSCC and normal oral keratinocytes (NOK), as well as their role in the pathophysiology and prognosis of OSCC. A total of 85 studies were included after screening 781 papers. GLUT-1 is regularly expressed in OSCC and was found to be overexpressed in comparison to NOK, with high expression correlated to tumour stage, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis. No clear association was found between GLUT-1 and tumour grade, metastasis, and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. GLUT-3 was less thoroughly studied but could be detected in most samples and is generally overexpressed compared to NOK. GLUT-3 negatively correlated with overall survival (OS), but there was insufficient data for correlations with other clinical factors. Expression of GLUT-2/GLUT-4/GLUT-8/GLUT-13/SGLT-1/SGLT-2 was only evaluated in a small number of studies with no significant differences detected. GLUTs 7 and 14 have never been evaluated in OSCC. In conclusion, the data demonstrates that GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 have a role in the pathophysiology of OSCC and represent valuable biomarkers to aid OSCC diagnosis and prognostication. Other GLUTs are comparatively understudied and should be further analysed because they may hold promise to improve patient care.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Li Y, Jiang L, Ren X, Cheng B, Xia J. Prognostic value of glycolysis markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7284-7299. [PMID: 33653965 PMCID: PMC7993722 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis markers including glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) play vital roles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, their prognostic value in HNSCC is still controversial. In this meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases and included thirty-seven studies (3272 patients) that met the inclusion criteria. Higher expression levels of the glycolysis markers in tumor tissues correlated with poorer overall survival (OS; P < 0.001), disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.03) and recurrence-free survival (RFS; P < 0.001) of HNSCC patients. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses demonstrated that higher expression levels of GLUT1 (P < 0.001), MCT4 (P = 0.002), HK2 (P = 0.002) and PKM2 (P < 0.001) correlated with poorer OS among HNSCC patients. Higher expression of MCT4 (P < 0.001) and PKM2 (P = 0.008) predicted poorer DFS among HNSCC patients. However, GLUT4 expression levels did not associate with clinical outcomes in HNSCC patients. These results demonstrate that glycolysis markers, such as GLUT1, MCT4, HK2 and PKM2, are potential prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Laibo Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mattos SECD, Diel LF, Bittencourt LS, Schnorr CE, Gonçalves FA, Bernardi L, Lamers ML. Glycolytic pathway candidate markers in the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review with meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10504. [PMID: 33503201 PMCID: PMC7836401 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular changes that affect mitochondrial glycolysis have been associated with the maintenance of tumor cells. Some metabolic factors have already been described as predictors of disease severity and outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to answer the question: Is the glycolytic pathway correlated with the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)? A search strategy was developed to retrieve studies in English from PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science using keywords related to squamous cell carcinoma, survival, and glycolytic pathway, with no restriction of publication date. The search retrieved 1273 publications. After the titles and abstracts were analyzed, 27 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were divided into groups according to two subtopics, glycolytic pathways and diagnosis, which describe the glycolytic profile of OSCC tumors. Several components of tumor energy metabolism found in this review are important predictors of survival of patients with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E C de Mattos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - L F Diel
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - L S Bittencourt
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Instituto Federal da Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre Campus, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola Técnica em Saúde, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - C E Schnorr
- Departamento de Ciências Naturales y Exactas, Universidad De La Costa, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - F A Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - L Bernardi
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto Básico de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - M L Lamers
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto Básico de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eckert AW, Kappler M, Große I, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Current Understanding of the HIF-1-Dependent Metabolism in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176083. [PMID: 32846951 PMCID: PMC7504563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the 10th most frequent human malignancy and is thus a global burden. Despite some progress in diagnosis and therapy, patients’ overall survival rate, between 40 and 55%, has stagnated over the last four decades. Since the tumor node metastasis (TNM) system is not precise enough to predict the disease outcome, additive factors for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction and therapy resistance are urgently needed for OSCC. One promising candidate is the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which functions as an early regulator of tumor aggressiveness and is a key promoter of energy adaptation. Other parameters comprise the composition of the tumor microenvironment, which determines the availability of nutrients and oxygen. In our opinion, these general processes are linked in the pathogenesis of OSCC. Based on this assumption, the review will summarize the major features of the HIF system-induced activities, its target proteins and related pathways of nutrient utilization and metabolism that are essential for the initiation, progression and therapeutic stratification of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Eckert
- Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nurnberg, Germany
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenebrg, Ernst- Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.W.E.); (B.S.); Tel.: +49-911-398-11-5616 (A.W.E.); +49-345-557-4054 (B.S.); Fax: +49-911-398-11-5391 (A.W.E.); +49-345-557-4055 (B.S.)
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenebrg, Ernst- Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Ivo Große
- Institut für Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institut für Pathologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: (A.W.E.); (B.S.); Tel.: +49-911-398-11-5616 (A.W.E.); +49-345-557-4054 (B.S.); Fax: +49-911-398-11-5391 (A.W.E.); +49-345-557-4055 (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peltonen R, Ahopelto K, Hagström J, Böckelman C, Haglund C, Isoniemi H. High TKTL1 expression as a sign of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer with synchronous rather than metachronous liver metastases. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:826-831. [PMID: 32795237 PMCID: PMC7515493 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1803008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. More than half of all affected patients develop liver metastases during the course of the disease, and over half experience recurrence despite radical primary surgery. Transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) is a key enzyme in the glucose metabolism of cancer cells, and its expression in tumor tissue was previously shown to indicate a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated the prognostic significance of TKTL1 in 111 patients with surgically resected colorectal liver metastases, with a minimum follow-up time of 10.3 years. TKTL1 expression was examined in tissue samples of both primary tumors and liver metastases, and compared to clinicopathological parameters, disease-free survival, and overall survival. We show that a high expression of TKTL1 in primary tumor tissue associated with poor disease-free survival in patients with synchronous liver metastases (P = .026, Kaplan-Meier log-rank test), but with better disease-free survival in patients with metachronous metastases, although not statistically significantly (P = .073). We found similar tendencies for TKTL1 expression in liver metastases. Thus, TKTL1 could serve as a candidate marker to identify patients who benefit from liver resection or who need more aggressive perioperative chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Peltonen
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Ahopelto
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology and Oral Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Böckelman
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Isoniemi
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Metabolic reprogramming and disease progression in cancer patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165721. [PMID: 32057942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genomics has contributed to the treatment of a fraction of cancer patients. However, there is a need to profile the proteins that define the phenotype of cancer and its pathogenesis. The reprogramming of metabolism is a major trait of the cancer phenotype with great potential for prognosis and targeted therapy. This review overviews the major changes reported in the steady-state levels of proteins of metabolism in primary carcinomas, paying attention to those enzymes that correlate with patients' survival. The upregulation of enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, lipogenesis, glutaminolysis and the antioxidant defense is concurrent with the downregulation of mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, emphasizing the potential of mitochondrial metabolism as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. We stress that high-throughput quantitative expression profiling of differentially expressed proteins in large cohorts of carcinomas paired with normal tissues will accelerate translation of metabolism to a successful personalized medicine in cancer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Y, Xu J, Xu Y, Li L, Zheng M. CD147 promotes glucose metabolism, invasion and metastasis via PI3K/AKT pathway in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:1486-1496. [PMID: 35116891 PMCID: PMC8798969 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.07.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of oral cancers, especially that of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), has increased significantly in the last few decades. Aggressive tumor progression and metastasis are the key factors responsible for the high mortality rate associated with OSCC. CD147 is known to play a key role in tumor metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis in oral cancer. It is also a crucial regulator of glucose metabolism in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of CD147 on OSCC invasiveness, metastasis and glucose metabolism, as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods CD147 was knocked down in the human OSCC lines SCC-25 and CAL-27, and both the wild-type and knockdown cells were then stably transfected with PI3K cDNA. Glucose metabolism and in vitro migration of the OSCC cells were respectively analyzed by glucose uptake and lactate secretion assays, and transwell assay. Results Knocking down CD147 in the OSCC cells significantly reduced their migration, and decreased glucose metabolism. The inhibitory effects of blocking CD147 were reversed upon PI3K overexpression. Conclusions CD147 mediates its oncogenic effects via the PI3K/AKT pathway, and is a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nakazato K, Mogushi K, Kayamori K, Tsuchiya M, Takahashi KI, Sumino J, Michi Y, Yoda T, Uzawa N. Glucose metabolism changes during the development and progression of oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1372-1380. [PMID: 31423200 PMCID: PMC6607105 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed several genes involved in the carcinogenesis of oral cancer. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Previously, we established a database cataloging the transcriptional progression profile of oral carcinogenesis and identified several candidate genes with continuously increasing or decreasing expression, which specifically promote the transition of oral premalignant lesions to invasive carcinomas. In this study, using our microarray database, we attempted to determine significant genes that may contribute to metabolic alterations during oral carcinogenesis. After performing a literature survey, we focused on 15 candidate genes associated with glucose metabolism changes, particularly the tri-carboxylic acid cycle, and investigated the mRNA-expression status of these genes with our database. Only the solute carrier family 2 member 1 gene (also known as GLUT1), showed significantly increased mRNA expression during oral tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that GLUT1 protein expression significantly increased during oral carcinogenesis. In addition, tumors with high expression of this protein significantly correlated with nodal status (P=0.002). Kaplan-Meier survival curves clearly demonstrated the adverse impact of high GLUT1 protein expression on disease-free survival (P=0.004). GLUT1 mRNA and protein expression increased in the order of normal mucosal tissues, epithelial dysplastic lesions and invasive carcinomas. Therefore, metabolic alterations, especially in glucose metabolism, occurred at the very early stage of development of oral malignancies. In addition, GLUT1 played a significant role in oral cancer, acquiring a malignant phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Nakazato
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Maiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Jun Sumino
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Michi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang H, Zhong JT, Zhou SH, Han HM. Roles of GLUT-1 and HK-II expression in the biological behavior of head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3066-3083. [PMID: 31105886 PMCID: PMC6508962 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect plays an important role in the proliferation and invasion of malignant tumors. Glucose transporter 1 and hexokinase II are two key energy transporters involved in mediating the Warburg effect. This review will analyze the mechanisms of these two markers in their effects on the biological behavior of head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Present Address: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Jiangshan City, Jiangshan, Zhejiang, 324100, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - He-Ming Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu M, Yongzhi H, Chen S, Luo X, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Jin H, Hou B, Deng Y, Tu L, Jian Z. The prognostic value of GLUT1 in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43356-43367. [PMID: 28498810 PMCID: PMC5522151 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased glycolysis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The abnormal expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was reported to be associated with resistance to current therapy and poor prognosis. Numerous studies have investigated the correlation between GLUT1 expression and prognosis in cancers, but the conclusions are still controversial. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association between GLUT1 and survival in human cancers. PubMed, Springer, Medline, and Cochrane Library were searched carefully to identify eligible studies evaluating prognostic value of GLUT1 in cancers. Twenty-seven studies with 4079 patients were included in the present study. Our pooled results identified that increased expression of GLUT1 was associated with unfavorable overall survival (HR = 1.780, 95% CI = 1.574–.013, p < 0.001)) and poorer disease-free survival (HR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.229–3.095, p = 0.003). Furthermore, overexpression of GLUT1 linked with poor differentiated tumors (RR = 1.380, 95% CI = 1.086–1.755, p = 0.009; I2 = 72.0%, p < 0.001), positive lymph node metastasis (RR = 1.395, 95% CI = 1.082–1.799, p = 0.010; I2 = 70.8%, p = 0.002) and larger tumor size (RR = 1.405, 95% CI = 1.231–1.603, p < 0.001; I2 = 37.3%, p = 0.093). This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that the GLUT1 may serve as an ideal prognostic biomarker in various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Yongzhi
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengying Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haosheng Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanying Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Tu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Glucose transporter GLUT1 expression and clinical outcome in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16875-16886. [PMID: 28187435 PMCID: PMC5370007 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), the uniporter protein encoded by the SLC2A1 gene, is a key rate-limiting factor in the transport of glucose in cancer cells, and frequently expressed in a significant proportion of human cancers. Numerous studies have reported paradoxical evidence of the relationship between GLUT1 expression and prognosis in solid human tumors. To address this discrepancy, we conducted a thorough search of Pubmed and Web of Science for studies evaluating the expression of GLUT1 and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with solid cancer from 1993 to April 2016. Data from published researches were extracted and computed into odds ratio (OR). A total of 26 studies including 2948 patients met our search criteria and were evaluated. Overexpression of GLUT1 was found to significantly correlate with poor 3-year OS (OR: 2.86; 95% CI, 1.90–4.32, P < 0.00001) and 5-year OS (OR: 2.52; 95% CI, 1.75–3.61, P < 0.00001) of solid tumors. Similar results were observed when analysis of DFS was performed. Subgroup analysis revealed that elevated GLUT1 expression was associated with worse prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and breast cancer. Taken together, overexpression of GLUT1 is correlated with poor survival in most solid tumors, suggesting that the expression status of GLUT1 is a vital prognostic indicator and promising therapeutic target in solid tumors.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nahm JH, Kim HM, Koo JS. Glycolysis-related protein expression in thyroid cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695922. [PMID: 28347233 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to demonstrate the differences in the expression of glucose metabolism-related proteins according to the thyroid cancer subtypes and investigate the implications of these differences. A total of 566 thyroid cancer patients, including 342 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma, 112 cases of follicular carcinoma, 70 cases of medullary carcinoma, 23 cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma, 19 cases of anaplastic carcinoma, and 152 cases of follicular adenoma, were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemical staining for glucose transporter 1, hexokinase II, carbonic anhydrase IX, and monocarbonylate transporter 4 was performed, and the relationship between immunoreactivity and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. Glucose transporter 1 and tumoral monocarbonylate transporter 4 expression levels were shown to be the highest in anaplastic carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma showed the highest carbonic anhydrase IX and lowest hexokinase II levels compared with other subtypes. Stromal expression of monocarbonylate transporter 4 was observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma samples. Conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma tumors expressed higher levels of glucose transporter 1, and tumoral and stromal monocarbonylate transporter 4, than the follicular variant, which showed a higher expression of carbonic anhydrase IX. Papillary thyroid carcinoma samples with BRAF V600E mutation were shown to have higher glucose transporter 1, hexokinase II, carbonic anhydrase IX, and tumoral monocarbonylate transporter 4 expression levels. Univariate analysis showed that papillary thyroid carcinoma cases with glucose transporter 1 positivity had shorter overall survival, patients with medullary carcinoma and hexokinase II positivity were shown to have a shorter disease-free survival and overall survival, and tumoral monocarbonylate transporter 4 positivity was associated with shorter overall survival compared with papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with negativity for each marker. Disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma were shown to be significantly decreased when glucose transporter 1 and tumoral monocarbonylate transporter 4 are expressed. We demonstrated that the expression levels of glycolysis-related proteins differ between thyroid cancer subtypes and are correlated with poorer prognosis, depending on the subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Nahm
- Severance Hospital and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Min Kim
- Severance Hospital and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Severance Hospital and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ganvir SM, Bamane SA, Katkade SP, Khobragade PG, Hazarey VP, Gosavi SR. Depth of invasion and GLUT-1 as risk predictors in oral squamous cell carcinoma. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x16689690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu M Ganvir
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati A Bamane
- Department of Dentistry, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College and Hospital, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shashikant P Katkade
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ACPM Dental College and Hospital, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pratima G Khobragade
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinay P Hazarey
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suchitra R Gosavi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li CX, Sun JL, Gong ZC, Lin ZQ, Liu H. Prognostic value of GLUT-1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A prisma-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5324. [PMID: 27828852 PMCID: PMC5106058 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of studies have evaluated the correlation between glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the prognostic significance of GLUT-1 in OSCC. METHODS Electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. The last search was updated on July 2016. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled to evaluate the relationship between GLUT-1 and clinical features and hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI were combined to measure the effect of GLUT-1 on overall survival (OS). P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 13 studies with 1301 subjects were included for meta-analysis. The pooled data showed that high GLUT-1 expression was associated with advanced tumor stages (n = 7, OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.01-4.46, P < 0.001), higher tumor grade (n = 5, OR = 3.34, 95%CI: 1.12-9.94, P = 0.031), tumor size (n = 5, OR = 3.36, 95%CI: 2.04-5.51, P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (n = 5, OR = 3.15, 95%CI: 1.89-5.25, P < 0.001), tobacco use (n = 3, OR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.18-4.01, P = 0.013), and distant metastasis (n = 2, OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 1.19-7.9, P = 0.02). Furthermore, increased GLUT-1 expression was also correlated with shorter OS (n = 8, HR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.51-2.33, P < 0.001). No significant publication bias was detected in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSION GLUT-1 overexpression was in connection with aggressive clinical features and worse OS in OSCC. However, further studies are still needed to verify whether GLUT-1 could serve as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology Surgery, Stomatological Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Jia-Lin Sun
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Zhong-Cheng Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhao-Quan Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology Surgery, Stomatological Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
- Correspondence: Hui Liu, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology Surgery, Stomatological Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region 830054, P. R. China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bredell MG, Ernst J, El-Kochairi I, Dahlem Y, Ikenberg K, Schumann DM. Current relevance of hypoxia in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:50781-50804. [PMID: 27434126 PMCID: PMC5226620 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck cancer (HNC) is a complex mix of cancers and one of the more common cancers with a relatively poor prognosis. One of the factors that may assist us in predicting survival and allow us to adjust our treatment strategies is the presence of tumor hypoxia. In this overview we aim to evaluate the current evidence and potential clinical relevance of tumor hypoxia in head and neck cancer according to an extensive search of current literature.An abundance of evidence and often contradictory evidence is found in the literature. Even the contradictory evidence and comparisons are difficult to judge as criteria and methodologies differ greatly, furthermore few prospective observational studies exist for verification of the pre-clinical studies. Despite these discrepancies there is clear evidence of associations between prognosis and poor tumor oxygenation biomarkers such as HIF-1α, GLUT-1 and lactate, though these associations are not exclusive. The use of genetic markers is expanding and will probably lead to significantly more and complex evidence. The lack of oxygenation in head and neck tumors is of paramount importance for the prediction of treatment outcomes and prognosis. Despite the wide array of conflicting evidence, the drive towards non-invasive prediction of tumor hypoxia should continue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius G. Bredell
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Ernst
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilhem El-Kochairi
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliya Dahlem
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Ikenberg
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Desiree M. Schumann
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahn WS, Crown SB, Antoniewicz MR. Evidence for transketolase-like TKTL1 flux in CHO cells based on parallel labeling experiments and (13)C-metabolic flux analysis. Metab Eng 2016; 37:72-78. [PMID: 27174718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a fundamental component of cellular metabolism. It provides precursors for the biosynthesis of nucleotides and contributes to the production of reducing power in the form of NADPH. It has been hypothesized that mammalian cells may contain a hidden reaction in PPP catalyzed by transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) that is closely related to the classical transketolase enzyme; however, until now there has been no direct experimental evidence for this reaction. In this work, we have applied state-of-the-art techniques in (13)C metabolic flux analysis ((13)C-MFA) based on parallel labeling experiments and integrated flux fitting to estimate the TKTL1 flux in CHO cells. We identified a set of three parallel labeling experiments with [1-(13)C]glucose+[4,5,6-(13)C]glucose, [2-(13)C]glucose+[4,5,6-(13)C]glucose, and [3-(13)C]glucose+[4,5,6-(13)C]glucose and developed a new method to measure (13)C-labeling of fructose 6-phosphate by GC-MS that allows intuitive interpretation of mass isotopomer distributions to determine key fluxes in the model, including glycolysis, oxidative PPP, non-oxidative PPP, and the TKTL1 flux. Using these tracers we detected a significant TKTL1 flux in CHO cells at the stationary phase. The flux results suggest that the main function of oxidative PPP in CHO cells at the stationary phase is to fuel the TKTL1 reaction. Overall, this study demonstrates for the first time that carbon atoms can be lost in the PPP, by means other than the oxidative PPP, and that this loss of carbon atoms is consistent with the hypothesized TKTL1 reaction in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Suk Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Scott B Crown
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Maciek R Antoniewicz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Eckert AW, Wickenhauser C, Salins PC, Kappler M, Bukur J, Seliger B. Clinical relevance of the tumor microenvironment and immune escape of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2016; 14:85. [PMID: 27044404 PMCID: PMC4820994 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the tumor microenvironment and immune surveillance represent crucial hallmarks of various kinds of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and a close crosstalk of hypoxia regulating genes, an activation of chemokines and immune cells has been described. METHODS A review about the pivotal role of HIF-1, its crosstalk to various cornerstones in OSCC tumorigenesis is presented. RESULTS Hypoxia is a frequent event in OSCC and leads to a reprogramming of the cellular metabolism in order to prevent cell death. Hypoxic OSCC cells induce different adaptive changes such as anaerobic glycolysis, pH stabilisation and alterations of the gene and protein expression profile. This complex metabolic program is orchestrated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1, the master regulator of early tumor progression. Hypoxia-dependent and -independent alterations in immune surveillance lead to different immune evasion strategies, which are partially mediated by alterations of the tumor cells, changes in the frequency, activity and repertoire of immune cell infiltrates and of soluble and environmental factors of the tumor micromilieu with consecutive generation of an immune escape phenotype, progression of disease and poor clinical outcome of OSCC patients. CONCLUSIONS This review focusses on the importance of HIF-1 in the adaption and reprogramming of the metabolic system to reduced oxygen values as well as on the role of the tumor microenvironment for evasion of OSCC from immune recognition and destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Eckert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Paul C Salins
- Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center and Narayana Hrudayalaya Multi Specialty Hospital, 258/A, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Juergen Bukur
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Monitoring carcinogenesis in a case of oral squamous cell carcinoma using a panel of new metabolic blood biomarkers as liquid biopsies. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 20:295-302. [PMID: 26875085 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-016-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the common malignant tumors of the head and neck worldwide with generally unfavorable prognosis is squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the oral cavity. Early detection of primary, secondary, or recurrent OSCC by liquid biopsy tools is much needed. CASE PRESENTATION Twelve blood biomarkers were used for monitoring a case of OSCC suffering from precancerous oral lichen ruber planus mucosae (OLP). After curative R0 tumor resection of primary OSCC (buccal mucosa), elevated epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM)-Apo10, EDIM-transketolase-like-1 (TKTL1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), total serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and its anaerobic isoforms (LDH-4, LDH-5) decreased to normal levels. Three and six months after surgery, transformation of suspicious mucosal lesions has been accompanied with an increase of EDIM scores, total serum LDH values, and a metabolic shift from aerobic (decrease of LDH-1, LDH-2) to anaerobic (increase of LDH-4, LDH-5) conditions. Two months later, secondary OSCC was histopathologically analyzed after tissue biopsy. Cytokeratin fraction 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were not affected during the clinical course of carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS A combination strategy using a standardized panel of established (metabolic) blood biomarkers (TKTL1, LDH, LDH isoenzymes) is worth and can be recommended among others (apoptosis resistance-related Apo10, SCC-Ag) for early detection and diagnosis of primary, secondary, and recurrent OSCC. A tandem strategy utilizing (metabolic pronounced) routine liquid biopsies with imaging techniques may enhance diagnosis of OSCC in the future. Although we demonstrated the diagnostic utility of separated liquid biopsies in our previous study cohorts, further investigations in a larger patient cohort are necessary to recommend this combination strategy (EDIM blood test, LDH value, metabolic shift of LDH isoenzymes, and others, e.g., SCC-Ag or immunophenotyping) as a diagnostic tool for the addition to the OSCC staging system and as a routine procedure in the aftercare.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ahopelto K, Böckelman C, Hagström J, Koskensalo S, Haglund C. Transketolase-like protein 1 expression predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 17:163-8. [PMID: 26650256 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1121347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) is an isoform of tranketolase, a key protein in a cancer cell's glucose metabolism that causes rapid cell growth and controls the non-oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Its overexpression occurs in several human cancer types. Our purpose was to study whether TKTL1 expression in colorectal cancer tissue associates with these patients' prognosis. METHODS We collected retrospectively patient data and tissue samples from 840 colorectal cancer patients treated at Helsinki University Hospital, then stained tumor tissue microarrays for TKTL1 by immunohistochemistry, and compared immunohistochemical tissue expression with clinico-pathological parameters and survival. RESULTS High expression of TKTL1 associated with high Dukes stage, non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, and left-sided disease. Patients with high TKTL1 expression had poorer prognosis than those with low expression, with a 5-year disease-specific survival of 55.7% vs. 62.7%. CONCLUSION We show that high TKTL1 in tumor tissue can lead to poor survival in colorectal cancer. TKTL1 thus can serve as a candidate marker for identifying patients at risk of recurrent disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Ahopelto
- a Department of Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,b Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Camilla Böckelman
- b Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of Surgery , Vaasa Central Hospital , Vaasa , Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- b Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,d Department of Pathology and Oral Pathology , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Selja Koskensalo
- a Department of Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,b Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- a Department of Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,b Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grimm M, Krimmel M, Hoefert S, Kraut W, Calgéer B, Biegner T, Teriete P, Munz A, Reinert S. Monitoring a ‘metabolic shift’ after surgical resection of oral squamous cell carcinomas by serum lactate dehydrogenase. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:346-55. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - M. Krimmel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - S. Hoefert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - W. Kraut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - B. Calgéer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - T. Biegner
- Department of Pathology; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - P. Teriete
- Cancer Research Center; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - A. Munz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - S. Reinert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The association of (18)F-FDG PET and glucose metabolism biomarkers GLUT1 and HK2 in p16 positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Radiother Oncol 2015; 117:118-24. [PMID: 26328941 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between FDG-PET maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), p16, EGFR, GLUT1 and HK2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of p16, EGFR, GLUT1 and HK2 was performed on primary tumor tissue from 97 locally advanced HNSCC patients treated with definitive chemoradiation. SUVmax along with p16, EGFR, GLUT1 and HK2 expression were analyzed for associations including local control, locoregional control and disease free survival. RESULTS Pretreatment SUVmax in primary tumors did not differ when stratified by p16, EGFR or GLUT1 expression but SUVmax was significantly higher in HK2 expressing tumors (p=0.021) and in tumors with higher T-stage (p=0.022). GLUT1 expression was significantly higher in p16 negative (p<0.001) and EGFR positive tumors (p<0.01). HK2 expressing tumors were associated with EGFR positive tumors (p=0.022) but not with p16 or GLUT1 expression. EGFR positive, p16 negative and high GLUT1 expressing tumors were associated with worse local control and disease free survival on univariate analyses. After adjusting for patient and treatment characteristics p16 status was the only factor that predicted for outcome on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS High GLUT1 expression was associated with EGFR positive and p16 negative HNSCC tumors. GLUT1 maybe an important biomarker in HNSCC but its expression appears dependent on p16 status.
Collapse
|
25
|
Grimm M, Calgéer B, Teriete P, Biegner T, Munz A, Reinert S. Targeting thiamine-dependent enzymes for metabolic therapies in oral squamous cell carcinoma? Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:196-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
26
|
Evaluation of a biomarker based blood test for monitoring surgical resection of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:329-38. [PMID: 26153867 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The potential use of determination of biomarkers in blood for the monitoring of surgical removal of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) was evaluated using the epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS In tumor specimen, elevated Apo10 and transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Apo10 and TKTL1 biomarkers have been used prospectively for EDIM blood test in patients with primary and/or recurrent OSCC (n = 92) before surgery and after curative tumor resection (n = 45). RESULTS There were highly significant (p < 0.0001) correlations found between EDIM blood scores and the tissue expression of both biomarkers measured by immunohistochemistry (Apo10: n = 89/92, 97%; TKTL1: n = 90/92, 98%). EDIMApo10 and EDIM-TKTL1 scores were positive in 92% (EDIM-Apo10: n = 85/92) and 93% (EDIM-TKTL1: n = 86/92), respectively, in patients with OSCC before surgery. The combined score EDIM-Apo10/EDIM-TKTL1 increased significantly the detection rate of tumors to 97% (n = 89/92). After surgery, the EDIM-TKTL1 and EDIMApo10 scores significantly decreased in 75.6 and 86.7% of the patients (p < 0.0001), respectively, in the aftercare. CONCLUSIONS The correlation of TKTL1 and Apo10 immunohistochemistry with the blood test results indicates that the EDIM blood test could serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool (liquid biopsy) to assess surgical removal of OSCC by determination of two biomarkers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first study that has been demonstrated a reliable and successful monitoring of OSCC cancer patients by a blood test. The specific and significant decrease of EDIM-TKTL1 and EDIM-Apo10 scores after surgery could serve as a new tool for monitoring surgical removal of OSCC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Swartz JE, Pothen AJ, Stegeman I, Willems SM, Grolman W. Clinical implications of hypoxia biomarker expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1101-16. [PMID: 25919147 PMCID: PMC4529348 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Awareness increases that the tumor biology influences treatment outcome and prognosis in cancer. Tumor hypoxia is thought to decrease sensitivity to radiotherapy and some forms of chemotherapy. Presence of hypoxia may be assessed by investigating expression of endogenous markers of hypoxia (EMH) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this systematic review we investigated the effect of EMH expression on local control and survival according to treatment modality in head and neck cancer (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [HNSCC]). A search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were eligible for inclusion that described EMH expression in relation to outcome in HNSCC patients. Quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Hazard ratios for locoregional control and survival were extracted. Forty studies of adequate quality were included. HIF-1a, HIF-2a, CA-IX, GLUT-1, and OPN were identified as the best described EMHs. With exception of HIF-2a, all EMHs were significantly related to adverse outcome in multiple studies, especially in studies where patients underwent single-modality treatment. Positive expression was often correlated with adverse clinical characteristics, including disease stage and differentiation grade. In summary, EMH expression was common in HNSCC patients and negatively influenced their prognosis. Future studies should investigate the effect of hypoxia-modified treatment schedules in patients with high In summary, EMH expression. These may include ARCON, treatment with nimorazole, or novel targeted therapies directed at hypoxic tissue. Also, the feasibility of surgical removal of the hypoxic tumor volume prior to radiotherapy should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Swartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ajit J Pothen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ricciardelli C, Lokman NA, Cheruvu S, Tan IA, Ween MP, Pyragius CE, Ruszkiewicz A, Hoffmann P, Oehler MK. Transketolase is upregulated in metastatic peritoneal implants and promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:441-55. [PMID: 25895698 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynaecological cancer, is characterised by the shedding of epithelial cells from the ovarian surface, followed by metastasis and implantation onto the peritoneal surfaces of abdominal organs. Our proteomic studies investigating the interactions between peritoneal (LP-9) and ovarian cancer (OVCAR-5) cells found transketolase (TKT) to be regulated in the co-culture system. This study characterized TKT expression in advanced stage (III/IV) serous ovarian cancers (n = 125 primary and n = 54 peritoneal metastases), normal ovaries (n = 6) and benign serous cystadenomas (n = 10) by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we also evaluated the function of TKT in ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Nuclear TKT was present in all primary serous ovarian cancer tissues examined (median 82.0 %, range 16.5-100 %) and was significantly increased in peritoneal metastases compared with matching primary cancers (P = 0.01, Wilcoxon Rank test). Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses showed that high nuclear TKT positivity in peritoneal metastases (>94 %) was significantly associated with reduced overall survival (P = 0.006) and a 2.8 fold increased risk of ovarian cancer death (95 % CI 1.29-5.90, P = 0.009). Knockdown of TKT by siRNAs significantly reduced SKOV-3 cell proliferation but had no effect on their motility or invasion. Oxythiamine, an inhibitor of TKT activity, significantly inhibited the proliferation of four ovarian cancer cell lines (OV-90, SKOV-3, OVCAR-3 and OVCAR-5) and primary serous ovarian cancer cells isolated from patient ascites. In conclusion, these findings indicate that TKT plays an important role in the proliferation of metastatic ovarian cancer cells and could be used as novel therapeutic target for advanced disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
CD147 and Ki-67 overexpression confers poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue: a tissue microarray study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 119:553-65. [PMID: 25747176 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) exhibits high risk for recurrence and regional metastasis even after surgical resection. We assessed the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of a group of functionally related biomarkers. STUDY DESIGN We used a tissue microarray consisting of SCCOT from 32 patients for this study. These patients were treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1995 to 2008. Biomarker expression levels were examined by immunohistochemistry and graded semiquantitatively to determine their prognostic significance. RESULTS CD147 and Tp63 expressions were significantly associated with a higher T stage and Ki-67 labeling index, as well as a shorter overall survival (OS) rate. Expression of Tp63 associated positively with poorly differentiated histology. There was significant association of Tp63 with the expression levels of CD147 and Glut-1. Glut-1 overexpression was marginally associated with a higher T stage. There was no prognostic significance of CD44 v6 expression in SCCOT. CONCLUSION SCCOT with CD147 overexpression in combination with high Ki-67 labeling index had poor OS. CD147 and Ki-67 overexpression is associated with aggressive disease with poor prognosis in SCCOT.
Collapse
|
30
|
Grimm M, Cetindis M, Lehmann M, Biegner T, Munz A, Teriete P, Kraut W, Reinert S. Association of cancer metabolism-related proteins with oral carcinogenesis - indications for chemoprevention and metabolic sensitizing of oral squamous cell carcinoma? J Transl Med 2014; 12:208. [PMID: 25048361 PMCID: PMC4110933 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metabolism is a crucial factor for the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins (GLUT-1, HK 2, PFK-1, LDHA, TKTL1), mitochondrial enzymes (SDHA, SDHB, ATP synthase) were analyzed in normal oral mucosa (n = 5), oral precursor lesions (simple hyperplasia, n = 11; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n = 35), and OSCC specimen (n = 42) by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis in OSCC cell lines. Metabolism-related proteins were correlated with proliferation activity (Ki-67) and apoptotic properties (TUNEL assay) in OSCC. Specificity of antibodies was confirmed by western blotting in cancer cell lines. Results Expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins (GLUT-1, HK 2, LDHA, TKTL1), and mitochondrial enzymes (SDHA, SDHB, ATP synthase) were significantly increased in the carcinogenesis of OSCC. Metabolic active regions of OSCC were strongly correlated with proliferating cancer (Ki-67+) cells without detection of apoptosis (TUNEL assay). Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of the expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins GLUT-1, HK 2, PFK-1, LDHA, and TKTL1, as well as mitochondrial enzymes SDHA, SDHB, and ATP synthase in the multi-step carcinogenesis of OSCC. Both, hypoxia-related glucose metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation characteristics are associated with the carcinogenesis of OSCC. Acidosis and OXPHOS may drive a metabolic shift towards the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Therefore, inhibition of the PPP, glycolysis, and targeted anti-mitochondrial therapies (ROS generation) by natural compounds or synthetic vitamin derivatives may act as sensitizer for apoptosis in cancer cells mediated by adjuvant therapies in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|